Cooking and washing dishes release heat, odors and moisture into the kitchen air. If kitchen ventilation does not work, they spread into living areas. What kind of comfort can we talk about if the aromas of borscht and cutlets are constantly in the house!
And the owners are wondering “how to make ventilation in the kitchen in the apartment?”
Subtleties of kitchen ventilation
Before you do quality system ventilation in the kitchen in the apartment, it is important to understand the principle of its operation. Most old houses were delivered with ventilation projections in the kitchen - mandatory components of an air exchange system like a main line and satellites. The air from the “satellite” apartments is collected into a common pipeline and discharged outside. With such a kitchen ventilation scheme, it is impossible for air to penetrate from the shaft into the apartment, or for it to flow from one apartment to another, including in the event of a fire on the lower floors. The kitchen ventilation shaft is hidden in the ledge shown in the photo above.
Features of ventilation of apartment buildings:
- Air ducts from kitchens different apartments interconnected;
- From 60 to 90 cubic meters of air should be removed from one apartment per hour.
The basic law of air exchange is circulation. In order for exhaust air to be drawn outside, it must be replaced by fresh air. But most owners of high-rise buildings have already replaced the old wooden windows with plastic ones, creating an airtight structure, completely blocking the path of clean air into the apartment.
The owners believe that the solution to the problem is more frequent ventilation. But this is a mistake. A healthy microclimate can only be ensured by constant and controlled air exchange.
Opening the vents in winter leads to sudden changes in temperature in the apartment and drafts. In this case, the outflow of air through the ventilation ducts (if they are not clogged) is possible only with the vents open.
The rest of the time, residents suffer from:
- high humidity;
- lack of oxygen;
- increased levels of carbon dioxide;
- mold development;
- spreading the smell of cooking food throughout the apartment.
This means that for the ventilation in your kitchen to work perfectly, you need to ensure only two conditions:
- influx fresh air;
- blowing out exhaust air.
Now making ventilation in the kitchen with your own hands will not be difficult for you. Restoration work kitchen ventilation should start with diagnosis.
Checking general building ventilation
In some cases, you can restore ventilation in the kitchen yourself. Every home has a general ventilation system, but often it does not work at all.
How to check the ventilation in the kitchen:
- Take a piece of thin paper the size of your palm and apply it to the ventilation grill. If it holds and does not fall, it means that the ventilation in the kitchen is working and you are worrying in vain;
- Light a match and bring it to the grill. If the flame reaches into the ventilation duct, then everything is in order with the kitchen ventilation. Checking ventilation in the kitchen in the photo. When the tongue is held vertically, the kitchen ventilation does not work. And if the flame leans into the kitchen, then there is a reverse draft in the ventilation system. This method is never used by professionals, since flammable gases can accumulate in the ventilation ducts.
A safe method for checking ventilation in the kitchen is shown in the photo.
If the ventilation in the kitchen does not work, you can remove the grate and wash it (sometimes it is so clogged with dust and grease that it does not allow air to pass through). Then insert a long-handled brush into the ventilation hole in the kitchen and clean the air duct as far as you can reach.
It is strictly forbidden for residents to clean out the entire ventilation shaft from the kitchen and restore it themselves. This is work management company. Specialists with equipment and skills are called in. Sometimes all you have to do is remove the bird's nest from the ventilation ledge and the draft in the kitchen magically appears.
But it happens that neighbors simply dismantle their part of the ledge for ventilation in the kitchen in order to get extra bed for the pantry. Then you will have to build ventilation in the kitchen with your own hands.
the shaft is decorated as a bookcase
A reasonable solution for decorating a ledge for kitchen ventilation in the photo.
Good furniture hides the shortcomings of the kitchen with a ledge for ventilation in the photo.
How to ensure air flow into the apartment
The supply of fresh outdoor air to the apartment for kitchen ventilation can be organized in two ways:
- window supply units;
- wall supply devices.
The installation of the window valve will have to be entrusted to specialists. And installation of a wall supply valve can be done by any home craftsman.
Window ventilation valve
These are simple and inexpensive devices that are today mandatory element kitchen ventilation schemes modern houses. The valve ensures normal air flow, blocking street noise.
Supply valves are installed on the window sash or frame. A window in the kitchen of an apartment, equipped with a ventilation supply valve, will never fog up. The neat and small valve is almost invisible, does not allow dust to pass through and does not cause air cooling.
You can not only make ventilation in the kitchen, but also equip it with such technical “bells and whistles” as hydroregulation of the inflow. There are supply valves with this function on sale. They open and begin airing precisely when soup is being cooked or pies are being baked in the kitchen, that is, the air humidity is increased. The sensor reacts to the humidity level and changes the flow area.
An additional acoustic visor can be purchased for the valve, which absorbs street noise.
A wide range of supply valves allows you to choose the right one for any window profile: white, black, oak or teak.
But in order for the supply valve to perform its function efficiently, it is necessary to ensure the outflow of air from the kitchen.
Wall supply ventilation valve
Wall supply valves are also called “Finnish vents”. This is a small device that is not difficult to install, but without it, proper ventilation in the kitchen is impossible. The wall valve allows air into the room, trapping insects, dust and drafts.
The advantage of wall valves is that they are easy to install. There is no need to call a specialist and spoil the plastic window profile.
Other advantages of wall valves:
- does not use electricity;
- absorbs noise;
- It has small size and nice design;
- easy and quick to install.
There are wall valves with air filtration and automatic feeding air based on hydroregulation. The intensity of the air supply can be adjusted manually by closing or opening the curtain.
Once every 6 – 12 months it is necessary to clean the filters by rinsing them with warm water.
Installation of a wall supply valve
Before installing a ventilation valve in an apartment, you need to select one in the kitchen appropriate place. It is better that the valve is not too conspicuous. Many people choose a place near heating radiators. The air coming from the valve will be preheated. The main criterion for choosing a location is the presence of access to the street for access to fresh air:
- A hole is made in the wall slightly larger in diameter than the valve pipe. A small margin is necessary for the correct placement of the pipe;
- The pipe is inserted into the ventilation hole in the kitchen. The cracks between it and the wall become foamy;
- The excess piece of pipe is cut off (usually it is sold in a standard length of 1 m). The outside of the pipe should be flush with the surface of the wall, and inside it should protrude no more than 1 cm;
- In pre-marked places, holes are made for fastening the housing;
- Filters are inserted (if they are provided for in the design), and an external grille is installed;
- A rain deflector is installed on the street side to prevent moisture from entering. If you drill a hole with a slope towards the street, a rain deflector is not needed.
Correct organization of passive supply ventilation in the kitchen is possible if air flow is ensured.
How to ensure air flow in an apartment
If the general house ventilation system in the kitchen does not work, you can organize the outflow of air on your own using mechanical draft.
Ventilation exhaust fan
Very simple and effective remedy when the exhaust ventilation system in the kitchen does not work. The fan can be used independently or in addition to a kitchen hood. Many experts recommend installing a hood with air recirculation (a filter that purifies the air and supplies it back into the room) and a fan at the outlet of the kitchen air duct with your own hands.
Usually for proper organization Axial fans are used for kitchen ventilation.
When choosing a model for kitchen ventilation in an apartment, take into account the following parameters:
- power is determined by the formula: kitchen area * ceiling height * 10. Here 10 is the air exchange rate per hour;
- noise emitted - from 40 to 70 decibels;
- safety (working with hot air). There are models that can withstand up to 120 degrees;
- presence of grease filters;
- presence of humidity sensors. Turns on and off automatically.
Before you properly ventilate your kitchen using an exhaust fan, you need to choose a place to install it. This could be a window, a vent in a load-bearing kitchen wall, or a ventilation duct.
An example of installing mechanisms for kitchen ventilation in the photo.
Kitchen hood for ventilation
Most apartment owners resort to this method. It is really effective, since the exhaust device is located directly above hob and immediately evacuates vapors and odors. From the hood, the ventilation duct is released directly into the general house ventilation. And here you must definitely follow one rule:
When leading the pipe into the shaft, do not block the ventilation hole in the wall.
There are special ventilation grilles on sale with two outlets: for natural air movement and for the exhaust pipe. This decision is the most correct.
Vapors and warm air in the room rise upward and to evacuate the steam cloud it is necessary to leave the grille open. Exhaust air from residential premises is also removed through it.
By blocking the grille, you completely disrupt the work natural ventilation. Gas service employees will point out this error and order it to be corrected as soon as possible.
In order to have fresh and clean air in an apartment or house, the kitchen must be very good ventilation. Natural ventilation cannot cope with the task of timely removal of odors during cooking, so a special forced ventilation device is hung above the stove - a kitchen hood. How to install the hood correctly, how to secure it and connect it to the ventilation system - more on that later.
Installing a hood in the kitchen is a wise decision
How to hang a hood over the stove
With the correct size, it is equal in width to or even slightly larger than the width of the slab. To install the hood correctly, you need to place it correctly and secure it. The electric hood is located exactly above the stove. The installation height depends on the type of hob:
- Above gas stove minimally permissible height hanging the hood - 75 cm.
- Above electrical value a little less - 65 cm minimum.
You determine the exact height yourself - based on the height of the housewife who will cook. The bottom edge of the hood should be slightly higher than her head. Less than minimum distance It’s not worth hanging, but higher is possible. But if you need to hang equipment higher than 90 cm from the level of the stove, you need a unit with increased power so that contaminated air is removed effectively.
The hood is attached depending on the type. Built-in - to a specially ordered cabinet size. Wall hung (flat) and dome (fireplace) - to the wall. The fireplace hoods themselves can consist of two parts - a unit with a motor and filters and a dome. Both parts are attached independently of each other, but so that their outputs coincide.
It is worth mentioning separately about island hoods. They are attached to the ceiling. The kit includes a suspension system and clear instructions on what to do and how to do it.
Installation stages
The entire installation and connection process can be divided into several stages:
If there is an outlet nearby, there will be no problems with connecting to electricity. The other steps are also not very complicated, but let’s look at them in more detail.
Attaching a wall or dome model to a wall
Although these two models differ in appearance, they are attached to the wall. They have four holes on the back wall of the case - two on the left, two on the right. Many manufacturers provide their products with a mounting template on which the locations of the fasteners are marked. All you need to do is lean the template against the wall and move the marks. If there is no template, measure the distance between the holes and transfer it to the wall. If you have an assistant, you can ask them to hold it at the selected height and make the marks yourself.
Then everything is simple: use a drill to make holes of the appropriate size, insert plastic plugs for the dowels, then hang the hood on the dowel-nails. Naturally, we check that the installed equipment is horizontal.
This method is good if the wall is smooth and nothing interferes. Often passes near the stove gas pipe, which makes it impossible to hang the hood close to the wall. In this case, you can nail it to the wall wooden blocks, and attach the hood to the bars. This is a simple option, but not a very good one - the bars become covered with soot and are difficult to wash.
The second option to install the hood behind the pipes is to use a hairpin screw (the second name is a plumbing pin). They have a thread for screwing into the wall, a smooth part, which makes it possible to carry the hood some distance from the wall, and a smaller thread with two nuts, which will be used to secure the body. There are these studs different sizes, choose which one you need, but all nuts are made for a bit or an octagonal wrench.
This option for mounting the hood is universal, simple to implement, and reliable. It is also more convenient to clean - the metal is usually stainless, and it is easy to clean it from deposits.
Installing a built-in hood in a cabinet
The built-in hood is almost completely hidden in the cabinet made for it. It is attached in exactly the same way as described above - with screws, only they are screwed into the walls. Only in advance it is necessary to make holes for the air duct in the shelves located above. This is done after the hood has been purchased, since the location of the air outlet depends on the company and model.
If the cabinet is hanging, it is better to remove it. In the removed cabinet, install the hood in place, mark the location of the air outlet on the bottom shelf, and cut it out. To do this, it is easier to use a jigsaw and a file with fine teeth. The laminate file leaves almost no chips. If desired, you can seal the cut area with a plastic C-shaped furniture profile. They are rigid and flexible. The flexible one is easy to use - it bends at any angle; the rigid ones will have to be heated with a hair dryer before installation. These profiles are “set” with glue; most often “liquid nails” are used. After installation in place, remove any remaining glue (with a damp, clean cloth) and secure it to the shelf with masking tape. We cut off the excess profile with a fine-tooth file and clean the cut. sandpaper with fine grain.
We make holes in the other shelves in the same way. By the way, they may no longer be round, but rectangular - it depends on the cross-section of the air duct you have chosen.
After this, all the shelves are installed in place, the cabinet is hung and secured. A built-in hood is attached to it with screws through holes in the body. Next is the process of connecting the air duct.
How to connect the hood to electricity
Since the power consumption of kitchen hoods rarely exceeds 1 kW, they can be connected to regular sockets. It is desirable that they be grounded. This requirement must be met if you want warranty obligations were valid.
If the wiring in the apartment is old, you can install the grounding or grounding wire yourself. Just don’t attach it to water supply or heating pipes. This threatens the possibility of electrical injury or even death for you, members of your group or neighbors.
To reach the ground wire, on the shield, find a busbar with wires attached to it or a pipe to which it is welded/screwed stranded wire. You can also connect your own stranded wire to these devices (without discarding those that are already there). For it to work properly, the cross-section must be 2.5 mm, the conductor must be stranded copper, and a non-flammable sheath is desirable.
Some hoods come with a plug at the end. There are no problems with connecting such models - just plug into the outlet and that’s it. But there are models in which the cord ends with wires. This is not because of the greed of the manufacturer, but so that the consumer himself can decide how best to connect the equipment. If you want, you can connect a plug. This option is not suitable - take the terminal block and connect through it. Another option is Wago terminal blocks. You need to take three of them - according to the number of wires. In one terminal block, identical wires from the hood and from the panel are connected - phase to phase (the colors may be different here), zero (blue or dark blue) to zero, ground (yellow-green) to ground.
Air duct for kitchen hood
One of the stages of installing a hood is the selection and installation of air ducts. Air at room temperature is removed from the kitchen, so there are no special requirements for air ducts and any can be used. Three types are usually used:
There is also a difference between plastic and corrugated air duct - price. Polymer ones are more expensive. Despite this, if you have the opportunity to install a hood using PVC, install them. With an equal cross-section, they provide more efficient air removal and are also less noisy.
The cross-section of the pipes for the air duct is determined by the size of the outlet opening on the hood. In case of rectangular pipes use an adapter.
Air duct sizes for hoods
Round ducts are available in three sizes: 100 mm, 125 mm and 150 mm. This is the diameter plastic pipes and corrugated sleeves. There are more sections of flat air ducts and they are presented in the table.
How to choose a size? In case of round pipes their diameter must match the diameter of the hood outlet. It is very undesirable to install an adapter at the outlet and then use an air duct of a smaller diameter - this will reduce the speed of air purification. And even if the hood is very powerful, it will not cope with air purification.
With choice of section rectangular duct- its cross-sectional area should not be less area cross-section of the outlet pipe. And the connection occurs through a suitable adapter.
How to attach corrugation to the hood and ventilation
If you decide to install a hood and use aluminum corrugation for the air duct, you will need to think about how to attach it to the body and to the ventilation. To do this, you will need clamps of the appropriate size. They can be metal or plastic.
To connect the hood to the ventilation system you will also need a special ventilation grille. It has a hole in the upper part for connecting the air duct pipe. There are holes in the lower part to remove air from the kitchen using natural circulation when the hood is not working.
A grate with a protrusion is suitable for attaching the corrugation - around the hole there is a side of several centimeters, onto which the corrugation is placed, after which it is secured using a clamp of a suitable size.
The corrugated air duct is attached to the hood using the same principle. It has a protrusion on which the corrugation is put. The connection is tightened using a clamp.
How to attach an air duct to walls
For plastic air ducts there are special fastenings in the form of latches. They are first mounted on the wall using dowels. The installation step depends on the curvature of the route, but on average, 1 fastening per 50-60 cm is sufficient. Pipes are inserted into these latches during installation with little effort.
If the air duct needs to be fixed to the ceiling, you can use the same fastenings. But if you need to maintain a certain distance from the ceiling, this type of installation will not work. In such cases, take perforated plasterboard hangers, attach them to the ceiling, and then use small PVC screws to attach an exhaust duct to them.
Corrugated air ducts are attached to the walls using clamps or plastic puffs big size. If necessary, they are also mounted to the ceiling using perforated aluminum hangers.
Where and how to remove the air duct
Most often, the air duct from the kitchen hood is connected to a ventilation hole through which natural ventilation occurs (due to draft). This is incorrect, since in this case most of the grille is closed by the air duct, and air exchange through the remaining accessible holes will be clearly insufficient.
Correctly connect the air duct to a separate ventilation duct. In this case, the same grille as in the photo above is installed on the hole.
If there is no separate ventilation duct, but there is one nearby outer wall, you can take the pipe outside by placing a grate outside. These are two ways to have normal ventilation and ensure normal operation of the hood.
How to take it outside
To install the hood and lead the air duct into the wall, you need to make a hole in it. And this is the only difficulty. Next, an air duct is inserted into this hole and sealed with mortar. From the outside, the hole is covered with a grill to prevent debris from getting in and birds and small animals from settling in.
To prevent outside air from blowing into the room, install a check valve (in the figure above it is indicated by an oblique line). By the way, it is advisable to install it when connecting the air duct to the ventilation system - so that odors from the pipes do not enter the room.
Reverse or anti-return air valve is a lightweight plastic or metal plate. It is movably attached in two places to the pipe - at the top and bottom, the petals are supported by a weak spring. While the hood is not working, the valve blocks access to air from outside. When the hood is turned on, the air flow bends the plate forward, pressing the spring. As soon as the hood is turned off, the plate returns to its place using springs. If you install a hood without this valve, it may be too cold in the kitchen in winter - outside air will enter the room without problems.
So that the hood does not interfere with natural ventilation in the kitchen
Using a tee and a check valve, by the way, you can install the hood so that it does not interfere with natural ventilation in the kitchen. You will need a special ventilation grille for connecting hoods, a check valve and a tee. A tee is attached to the ventilation grille, an air duct from the hood is connected to its lower entrance, and a check valve is installed on the free outlet, only so that the petals are locked when air passes from the pipe (pictured below).
How does such a system work? When the hood is turned off, the petals of the check valve are bent, air from the kitchen enters the ventilation duct through the grille and open exit tee. When the hood is turned on, the air flow from it unfolds the valve plate, and the air flows into the ventilation system. When the hood is turned off, the springs again open air access through the tee.
Externally, such a system does not look very attractive and will have to be disguised in some way. But this is the only way to connect the hood to the only existing ventilation outlet and not reduce air exchange.
Installing ventilation in the kitchen is one of the the most important factors when arranging an apartment for a comfortable stay. Kitchen ventilation prevents the penetration of unpleasant odors throughout the apartment and all living rooms.
One of the most important factors when arranging an apartment for a comfortable stay is the installation of a ventilation system
Besides, correct hood can prevent fatty deposits from getting onto apartment surfaces. Does the eating room really need to be equipped with special equipment? What is kitchen ventilation: is it necessary or not?
About the variety of types of ventilation systems
Ventilation in an apartment has several schemes and differs in their design. Suitable installation for the kitchen:
- exhaust ventilation, which works on the principle of extracting air from the room, while new air appears based on pressure relief;
- a natural ventilation system, the work of which is to bring in fresh oxygen and displace internal oxygen using pressure levels;
- supply ventilation for the kitchen in the apartment, thanks to which new air is introduced and old air is eliminated; exhaust and supply system.
In the case of kitchen ventilation, special devices are installed (they are divided according to the installation method).
- Built-in exhaust device with a non-standard mount that is suitable for installation in kitchen table or a wall cabinet. This feature made the hood quite popular.
- The suspended exhaust system is called flat and is in quite high demand. Installation in the room takes place in the area of the wall cabinet and gas stove.
- The island hood is suspended from the ceiling and is suitable for installation in an apartment in a multi-storey building.
- The corner system is placed in the corners.
- A wall-mounted hood is mounted on the wall - above the stove.
Wall-mounted hood in the kitchen is mounted above the stove
Exhaust devices can be flow-through or circulation. In the first case, removing dirty air masses occurs in the ventilation shaft. This type most effective, unlike others. In the second case, the essence of the exhaust device is to draw in air and clean it with special filters. After cleaning, good air enters the room.
The eating room can be equipped with local and general ventilation. In the first case, we are talking about exhaust ventilation, which is installed in the area of the most problem areas(hob, convector, barbecue) kitchen in a private house/apartment. The easiest way to install a hood is with all the necessary dimensions and air speed settings. The only significant drawback is the noise of the model, regardless of its price.
Another, but not easy, option is to install an individual hood in a private home. Its construction is suitable for developing a unique design. This option involves installing a kitchen umbrella with inserts that trap fat deposits. Ventilation requirements regarding location include mandatory installation in a utility room or attic to ensure noiselessness.
Speaking about general exchange/supply and exhaust ventilation, it should be noted that it produces air exchange throughout the kitchen, but has a low productivity compared to the local system. This is due to the need to provide exhaust over several zones. If your kitchen does not exceed 7 sq.m., then exhaust ventilation with mandatory support is ideal supply air– it can be mounted or not.
Ventilation in the kitchen or dining room is designed according to established standards and multiplicities.
Kitchen ventilation is designed in accordance with established standards and multiplicities
With constant operation, the multiple air exchange is 60-90 cubic meters. m., with a maximum of 180 cubic meters. meters per hour. There is no need to determine the characteristics of air exchange by multiplicity for the kitchen, since air flow from other rooms is ensured.
How to decide when choosing a hood and fan?
Before installing this or that system in the kitchen of an apartment, it is important to consider not only appearance, but also other factors that are necessary for normal life. First, the size/diameter of the ventilation systems is determined.
To do this correctly, you need to measure the ventilation shaft - the size of the fan will be 10-15 cm larger. Next, it is important to calculate the performance of the device. To do this, you need to carry out several mathematical operations: multiply the length with the width and height, and then subtract the volume occupied by the furniture. The resulting figure is multiplied by 6 and separately by 12. By calculating these limits, you can choose the right fan for the kitchen.
If any other room is combined with the kitchen, then both rooms are taken into account. Don’t forget about the volume of a powerful device. In general, a kitchen measuring 6 meters will be fully equipped when installing a fan, the productivity of which reaches 180 cubic meters per hour. You can install ventilation in a 10-meter kitchen with a capacity of 220 to 300 cubic meters.
In the case where the vein shaft is smaller in size than the fan, you should pay attention to turbo devices with higher power.
Features of ventilation systems for kitchens
When choosing fans, it's important to consider more than just size and performance. Ventilation in the kitchen should be equipped with a special mesh that prevents insects from visiting the house from the ventilation shaft.
An important requirement from customers is the removal of the front panel to ensure convenient cleaning. To get to the apartment through ventilation ducts If odors from someone else's kitchen do not penetrate, it is necessary to select a device that has a check valve aimed at preventing the opposite draft.
Homemade ventilation in the kitchen can be supplemented with a switch on the cord.
About natural ventilation
The natural ventilation system became popular during the construction of old-style private houses. Minutes of the system according to this scheme require constant checking of the drafts of the ventilation ducts. For proper verification, two options are used.
- If the natural device is installed under the ceiling, then applying a sheet of paper is enough: when you cover the ventilation with it, the sheet will stick and display working condition ventilation in a private house.
- In addition to the sheet, the system is checked with a lit match or lighter. When the ventilation system is working, the flame will change direction.
You can check the ventilation duct drafts using a lighter.
If with ventilation natural system problems, the entire ventilation shaft and air duct must be cleaned.
If there is no result, only specialists can help solve the problem. By the way, using natural ventilation schemes, you can “reward” yourself with a lot of problems due to the shortcomings of the device and ineffective operation.
The disadvantage of a natural ventilation system with no auxiliary fans is that it can lead to draft overturning due to impact external factors or changes in air direction. That is why it is better to ensure that the channels are located outside - for example, on the roof.
An important stage in this process is the insulation of pipes and air ducts passing by cold places. With ventilation ducts leading outside, their operation will only occur when the fan is turned on.
About the compulsory system
Forced ventilation does not resemble natural ventilation, because it is truly the most effective system, which participates in sufficient air exchange in a private home, kitchen premises, etc. At correct selection parameters, when the air exchange rate is taken into account, the operation of forced kitchen ventilation will be effective and long-term.
A forced ventilation system is installed when the natural type of organization is problematic and other ventilation devices are ineffective. The kitchen room is equipped with a forced device in certain cases. When supply valves that provide air exchange are mounted separately and installed exhaust fans at the entrance to the mineshaft. Both devices operate on the principle of mechanical air injection.
If we implement a coercive system, it is important to remember diversity existing options, some of them are fully automatic, and some have special sensors aimed at detecting humidity and temperature levels. Such additional arrangement is necessary for more economical calculation of electricity.
When choosing equipment for your home, consider some factors.
- When installing a forced ventilation duct system best choice there will be stacked ventilation. She will arrange not only a private house, but also other large areas. Despite the fact that there are smaller options, none of them are suitable for low ceilings.
- You can opt for monoblock forced ventilation. Such a ventilation device is fully automated, has an air supply and exhaust fan, filters for fine and coarse cleaning and dirt removal, a heater and a cooling section.
The above can be combined by summing up the work of the compulsory system. An installed forced ventilation device is necessary for houses with a non-working natural system. Need for ventilation device The forced type is also present in those whose air does not flow from the street into the house, is not purified, and does not go outside.
Features of the exhaust system
Speaking about exhaust devices, it should be noted that these are the most popular systems for the kitchen. A ventilation system of this level can be installed either of a general type or a local one.
In the first case, a fan with a grille is provided for air exchange, and in the second, exhaust equipment is installed that draws in any aromas. Installation of hoods in kitchens is common and most modern. Mainly, the system looks like a dome and is connected to the venous system.
It is possible to ensure the correct installation of a hood in the kitchen only after connecting the existing hood to a separate vein channel. If you connect it to a common duct or chimney, then there is a chance that carbon monoxide will return back to the power rooms.
An apartment with an outdated type of ventilation is not equipped with insulated ducts for exhaust hoods, so it is necessary to install additional system. An additional ventilation duct is always created separately due to the impossibility of venting the hood into a common roof shaft.
In this case, a recirculation unit is suitable, which is ineffective. If you are not afraid of staining your home surfaces with grease, steam and other stains, then an apartment hood can be built in using a separate horizontal channel, the outlet of which will be located outside the wall; it must be closed with a grille or valve.
About the supply ventilation circuit
The supply ventilation system for kitchens in multi-storey buildings and in private houses is not in demand and it is possible to effectively move air in the rooms.
Such a kitchen system can only be installed if there is no hood at all, having first checked the traction system by covering the air duct with plasterboard. Otherwise, it will not be possible to work with such ventilation in a private house, and unpleasant odors will spread throughout the room. Most often, a fan is used as an auxiliary element.
Most often as an auxiliary element in the supply air ventilation scheme is a fan
Some manufacturers have developed supply systems with special sensors for apartments. They measure temperature and humidity and their operation is automatic. However, purchasing such equipment is quite expensive and not a completely justified option.
What do you need to know about installing a fan?
Ventilation calculation - important point. When installing ventilation, it is important to check the condition of the air ducts in the room.
In order for all requirements to be met, it is necessary to ensure that the air ducts are in good working order (for this you can contact the appropriate authorities that clean the shafts). What are the rules for installing a fan:
- the area selected for the future device is indicated by making a hole in the wall: ventilation calculations are made based on the diameter of the pipe;
- the device is built in, and the remaining open space is foamed;
- we cover the equipment with a grille from the outside;
- you can plug the device into a power outlet.
When the ventilation shaft is not working, the most powerful system is installed - a centrifugal one, which exhausts air through the cracks.
As it turns out, ventilation in the kitchen is far from the only option. There is no need to remind that the ventilation system, especially in multi-storey building, important for ensuring a comfortable stay. All that remains is to understand the calculations and choose a scheme suitable option and install and close the ventilation in the kitchen.
Due to widespread installation metal-plastic windows the kitchens are disrupted natural circulation air. At the same time, high-quality ventilation in the kitchen is very important, but its arrangement must be done with skill, so that instead of exhaust from the air vent, there is no influx of odors from neighboring apartments or the bathroom.
- 1. Dome. The product got its name due to the shape of the air intake, which resembles a dome. An air duct emerges from the top of the hole, removing air through the ventilation duct.
- 2. Built-in. Such models can be hidden from prying eyes, hiding the hood in kitchen set. Often built-in hoods have a retractable panel. This makes it possible to economically distribute space and provide convenient control of the device.
- 1. Angular. Installing a stove in a corner saves space and makes it accessible hob. The structure itself has the shape of a dome.
- 2. Wall-mounted. In this case, one part of the hood is adjacent to the wall, and the other is located above the stove.
- 3. Island. This hood is installed above the stove, which is located in the center of the kitchen.
- 1. Chemical. Such neutralizers must be replaced regularly, as a greasy film quickly appears on them, and they stop working without fully using up their service life. In addition, chemical neutralizers themselves begin to produce compounds that can cause harm to health.
- 2. Electroionization. This equipment works on the principle of an ionizer, but in any room of the house toxic substances are found in much smaller quantities than in the kitchen. To get rid of them, you will need a powerful discharge, which can also harm a housewife standing near the stove.
- 3. Ultraviolet. When using these neutralizers, in some cases it is necessary to wipe the light bulbs from plaque and replace them approximately every 2 years, but good ones are expensive. But this neutralizer is not dangerous for people. In addition, the lamps not only emit ultraviolet light, but are also used as additional lighting.
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Ventilation requirement
Many apartments have hobs, operating on gas. When it burns, it releases carbon dioxide, toxic properties which are more pronounced taking into account the increase in its content in the air. The only thing correct solution This problem is in the kitchen in the apartment.
Right arranged system ventilation in the kitchen is required, even if the gas oven is working perfectly. The need for this increases with errors during equipment setup, which can cause the formation of carbon monoxide. In addition, the gas sometimes does not burn completely, accumulating in the air.
How to properly connect a kitchen hood \ How to mount extractor hood correctly
In other words, when starting work with a gas stove, you must immediately turn on the forced fan of the exhaust equipment. But also electric stoves do not reduce the importance of effective ventilation.
Burning of food begins to be accompanied by the formation of harmful substances that appear as a result of pyrolysis of organic elements. People who prefer to cook food by steaming know that evaporation leads to an increase in humidity, and this also needs to be reduced. That is, ventilation in the kitchen with a hood is a vital necessity.
Types of exhaust systems
Various consumer needs force manufacturers of ventilation systems to create products that could best suit the needs of any buyer, so the range on the modern market household appliances quite big. It is necessary to understand such diversity.
Air purification methods
You can purify the air using different ways ventilation. Depending on which one is used in a particular product, hoods are divided into 2 types:
Circulation systems can be combined with standard ventilation ducts in the kitchen. The disadvantages include high price and expensive maintenance, as filters need to be replaced regularly.
The difference between an evacuation exhaust system is that it can additionally remove excess heat that constantly appears during cooking. Circulation devices do not have this function.
Construction type
In addition to the main function, consumers pay attention to other features various products. It is necessary that the exhaust equipment fits harmoniously into the design of the room and is convenient to use. It should also be possible to mount on one's own.
Modern devices differ in both performance and installation method, production material, design, and other functions.
According to their design, hoods are divided into two types:
Before ordering a set and choosing an exhaust device, you need to plan the room so that kitchen furniture and appliances do not interfere with each other and are easy to use.
At the installation location
The hood is installed taking into account various factors- kitchen area, stove location and furniture.
Depending on the installation, exhaust structures are:
Before installing the hood with your own hands, you must carefully read the instructions. For any model there are installation features, but certain general rules apply to all products. This is the height of the location relative to the level of the furnaces. For gas stoves it should be at least 80 cm, and for electric stoves - at least 70 cm.
WE BUILD VENTILATION and HOOD FOR OURSELVES with our own hands
Operational safety
The hood kit certainly includes a fan, which means that the equipment must be connected to an outlet. If the renovation of the apartment has just begun, then a separate one is needed. Using it with only one device will make it possible to disguise it behind elements of kitchen furniture. But at the same time, it is necessary to provide convenient access to it. There is one more rule: the socket must be no closer than 50 cm from the sink and hob.
The kitchen is a room that can be both humid and hot at the same time. Excessive moisture and grease from cooking accumulates on the fan grill, creating the potential for an electrical short. That is why the device must be connected to the mains using a three-core cable.
The electrical wiring must contain phase, neutral and ground. The ground wire has yellow insulation and a longitudinal green stripe. New buildings are already equipped with Euro sockets with grounding, so you just need to connect the grounding cable to the terminal on the plug. It is very easy to identify by the icon in the form of three lines of different sizes.
Old buildings do not have grounding. In this case, you need to organize your own protection. In the event of an electrical breakdown, grounding will turn off the machine on the panel. In addition, it is required to balance the potentials.
Grounding organization
To organize grounding, you do not need to dig a trench and drive metal rods into the ground. It is prohibited to ground the hood to the gas pipeline, heating plant and water supply pipes.
To organize grounding in the house, you need to find a neutral and connect to it, for which you need to open the common panel in the entrance. The wires in it are enclosed in a pipe immured in the wall. There should be a threaded pin on it - this is the neutral, which means the pipe is reliably grounded.
Afterwards, you need to take a multi-core cable with a cross-section of at least 2.6 mm², connect it to the neutral and lead it to the required socket. The hood must be connected to the electrical network using a 6.4 A circuit breaker.
Ventilation in the kitchen. Nuances.
Possible problems during arrangement
During installation of equipment, it is sometimes possible to violate the standard one. An attempt to correct this problem may be to punch a hole (specifically for the exhaust device) outwards or into the . But the desired result cannot be achieved using this method, because the cross-sectional area of the ventilation channel does not increase while making another hole in it.
If the outcome is favorable, only a little more than half of the odors from the kitchen will escape into the channel, and the rest will remain in the room. If there is wind outside or draft from neighboring floors appears, then all the polluted air will return back into the room or pass to the neighbors.
As for venting air to the street using a hole in the wall, in this case the supporting structure is damaged. This work must be coordinated with the relevant authorities and a preliminary development of the draft of the upcoming changes must be provided. In addition, such a solution may create a risk of condensation formation both in the air outlet and on the fan motor, therefore short circuit almost inevitable. As a solution to this situation, it is better to use additional plot ventilation duct, equipped with a flapper valve.
The damper is usually made from aluminum sheet 0.6 mm thick or fiberglass or fluoroplastic. It is best to make an aluminum product, since both the thickness and rigidity, as well as the lightness of the damper, are important. The firecracker fires more efficiently when the specific gravity of the manufacturing material is low.
The damper is equipped with a thin spring. Its main task is as follows: if the damper is raised up and the impact on it is completed, then it should smoothly return to its original position. Wire for making a spring is needed with a diameter of 0.25−0.4 mm. With a size of 130-140 mm, the diameter of the spring itself is 4-6 mm.
Getting rid of odors
Kitchen hoods often have odor neutralizers. On the domestic market you can find several types:
Air duct installation
The exhaust system kit does not include an air duct. It must be purchased separately. There is an opinion that a rectangular metal box looks much more attractive in contrast to aluminum corrugation, but the latter option also has its advantages:
It is quite possible to organize a ventilation system in the kitchen on your own. But before you start work, you need to find out what types of exhaust equipment can offer today modern market What kind of schemes and rules for arranging a hood exist. Providing ventilation is a responsible matter, so it must be approached very carefully.
The design of ventilation and exhaust systems for kitchen premises is, in fact, very simple. There are many nuances, ignoring which we have every chance of creating incorrect and ineffective ventilation. Ventilation, which, instead of purifying the air, will literally poison our lives.
Natural kitchen ventilation and the law of conservation of air volume
Long gone are the days when residents of private houses and city apartments were satisfied with a natural ventilation system in the kitchen. Despite the relatively low efficiency of such systems (especially during cooking), the principles of their arrangement will always be relevant. The fact is that the continuous functioning of natural ventilation is possible only if certain conditions. Namely: ventilation ducts must ensure unhindered removal of air masses from the room, and the flow of fresh air into the kitchen must be continuous.
Effective operation of the ventilation system is only possible when the volume of air leaving the room is equal to the volume of air entering the kitchen.
What to put in for air flow in the kitchen
Compliance with the first condition can be ensured by timely cleaning and maintenance of ventilation ducts. The simplest supply valve to the kitchen as part of the ventilation system will help to fulfill the second condition.
Squirrel User FORUMHOUSE
You can always embed a supply valve into the wall, which will enhance natural ventilation.
Just a couple of decades ago, most living spaces were equipped wooden windows. Their tightness, as we know, left much to be desired. Therefore, the question of forced ventilation did not arise: the flow of fresh air into an apartment or house occurred practically without human intervention. Today, when we are dealing with sealed double-glazed windows and powerful kitchen hoods, the supply ventilation valve is built into the design plastic window or built into the wall is not a whim, but a necessity.
The simplest do-it-yourself supply and exhaust ventilation
If your house or apartment has a natural ventilation system with an exhaust vent in the kitchen, then you are practically not in danger of smelling cakes in the bedroom. If your house is just being built, then it’s time to take care of having such a system. Operating in normal mode, it will constantly refresh the air in the kitchen area, and if its efficiency is insufficient, it can always be improved by equipping it with a small exhaust fan.
If you live in a private house, then a roof fan installed in the ventilation duct will help modernize the design of the system without creating noise during operation.
Andrey Vasiliev,
FORUMHOUSE user, Moscow - Rostov Veliky
If it is a private house, then the problem can be solved simply by installing a roof fan. Set it up and let it make noise outside.
If you live in an apartment, then a fan installed in the ventilation hole will qualitatively improve the flow of fresh air into the room.
Hel User FORUMHOUSE
When I turn on a regular fan built into the vent in the kitchen, even with the door open, the smell goes into the vent.
A good solution could be a duct fan that can significantly increase the power of the exhaust flow.
By installing the listed devices, you can turn natural ventilation into a simple supply and exhaust system with your own hands.
Rules for creating air ducts
A natural ventilation system that does not have auxiliary fans can play a cruel joke on you at any time. This is what we're talking about physical phenomenon, as "tipping over thrust". It is observed when, under the influence of external factors, the exhaust flow loses strength or completely changes its direction (air from the street begins to enter the room through the ventilation shaft). Therefore, it is advisable to place the ventilation duct on the roof, and its height should exceed the height of the ridge. This requirement is relevant both for natural ventilation and for the system " forced ventilation" in the kitchen.
Matilda User FORUMHOUSE
Traction overturning often happens in the off-season, when it is humid and chilly outside. If ventilation pipe installed below the ridge, then capsizing will become a constant phenomenon and will depend on the direction of the wind.
The pipe and ductwork that will pass through cold areas (the attic and the outside of the building) should be insulated.
A ventilation duct led outside through an ordinary horizontal hole in the wall, due to the absence of a pressure difference inside and outside the building, will perform its function only when the fan is turned on.
Ventilation in the kitchen with a hood
We examined the features of systems that operate continuously and are designed to ensure effective air exchange in the kitchen. Now let's talk about kitchen hoods - devices that come into operation during the hottest hours, forcibly helping us get rid of the smell of food cooking on the stove.
A kitchen hood, unlike a standard ventilation system, helps capture smoke, steam and grease particles that enter the air during cooking. Therefore, the requirement to install an exhaust device in addition to the existing ventilation system is justified.
Arsenal&Natalya User FORUMHOUSE
A hood is needed if you don’t want to do frequent renovations in the kitchen. There are no miracles, even without forced deletion When evaporation products escape, they settle on walls, ceilings, furniture and people.
You need a hood in the kitchen, let's think about what kind of hood to make.
According to the principle of operation, hoods are divided into two types - flow and recirculation. Flow-through systems remove air from the room to the street, while recirculation systems filter out impurities and supply air back into the room.
It is clear that recirculation exhaust devices are not popular among users of our portal. And there are several reasons for this: the need to frequently replace the filter, low efficiency and the inability to remove excess heat from the room.
Andrey Vasiliev
Such a hood is of little use (in my house it’s only there because I’m too lazy to pull a pipe to the duct). Grease quickly accumulates on the walls and is very difficult to wash off (especially if the house is decorated with wood). If you are puzzled about installing a hood, which is very useful (especially if you like fried fish, meat and other grills), then you need to take it out into the ventilation duct (I just don’t recommend it out through the wall, because the wall will get dirty over time).
Considering all the disadvantages of recirculation units, they should be used only in exceptional, special cases.
A flow hood removes by-products formed during cooking outside the room. By installation method flow hoods There are suspended, built-in, corner, dome and island. Regardless of what type of installation the hood is, the removal of air from the room must be organized according to the same principle. It lies in the fact that the existing hood must be connected only to a separate ventilation duct.
It is prohibited to connect the hood to a common ventilation duct, and even more so to a chimney! Carbon monoxide and the exhaust air in this case can flow back into the room.
Matilda
The hood from a kitchen gas stove should never be connected to anything. And the air duct from the stove should go vertically upward.
In houses with outdated types of ventilation systems, there is no insulated duct for connecting the hood. And since it is impossible to vent the hood into a common ventilation shaft, an additional ventilation duct must be made in a separate order. A suitable but ineffective solution in this case would be to purchase a recirculation unit.
If you are not afraid of ruining the facade of your house (apartment) with stains from grease, soot and steam, then you can make a separate horizontal channel in the wall for the hood. The outlet vent will be located directly on outer surface walls. It is advisable to equip such a ventilation device in the kitchen at home with a check valve (if its presence is not provided for in the design of the hood itself) or an inertial grille.
shmendel User FORUMHOUSE
A motorized valve is good, but range hoods have check valves. All that remains is to ensure that air is not blown directly into the air duct.
Do this"
reducing ventilation in the wall in the kitchen"
Inertial grilles or deflectors will help.
Ideally, the exhaust duct should be created according to the same principles by which other ventilation ducts are created. Namely: in order for the air duct to provide natural draft when the hood is turned off, it should be placed on the roof of the house (just above the ridge).
Particular attention should be paid to insulating the air duct in the attic and outside, which will prevent the formation of condensation.
Matilda
The air ducts that you will lay through the attic are wrapped in cotton wool.
About ventilation outlets: it is advisable to purchase already finished goods, which in accordance with existing standards are insulated at the manufacturing stage.
Kitchen ventilation rules. Mduct material
Duct material used for connection kitchen hood, must meet the following conditions:
- Create minimal resistance to air flow;
- Have high anti-corrosion resistance;
- Have sufficient internal cross-sectional area.
Taking into account the first condition, a flexible corrugated pipe, the walls of which have a fairly high resistance, is recommended to be used exclusively for connecting the hood to the ventilation duct.
If possible, it is preferable to replace the corrugation with a smooth galvanized pipe of round or square cross-section.
To prevent rust from destroying the air duct, many people seek to introduce plastic sewer pipes with a thick cross-section into its design. But this material tends to accumulate fat deposits, but such pipes cannot be called safe. Their use can lead to a fire (as soon as the oil ignites in a hot frying pan while the hood is running). It is for this reason that the use sewer pipes should be canceled in advance.
Matilda
Under no circumstances should plastic be used for exhaust hoods. kitchen stove. Even aluminum is not allowed. Galvanized or stainless steel only.
Here's what our users say about the cross-section of pipes designed to create ventilation ducts.
Smart2305 User FORUMHOUSE
For hoods the connection is 150 mm. The diameter of the pipe along the riser should be 200 mm (choose the square equivalent yourself).
Requirements for exhaust ventilation in the kitchen. Power calculation
Choosing a hood for own kitchen, each of us thinks about how much power this device should have. In all cases, this indicator depends on the area of the kitchen space. If the area of your kitchen is less than 10 m² (inclusive), and the height is 2.5 - 2.7 m, then a hood that passes through 280–350 m³ of air in one hour may well satisfy your needs. If the kitchen area is larger, then the power of the device should be appropriate.
In principle, this parameter can be obtained from sellers, or you can calculate it yourself using the formula: V=S*H*10*1.3. In it: S and H are the area and height of the room, V is the volume (m³/h).
