For some, the time of sowing seeds for seedlings is a long-awaited and pleasant chore, for others it is a difficult necessity, and others wonder whether it would be easier to buy ready-made seedlings on the market or from friends? Be that as it may, even if you gave up growing vegetable crops, for sure, you will still have to sow something. These are flowers and perennials, conifers and much more. A seedling is still a seedling, no matter what you sow.
A lover of moist air and one of the most compact and rare orchids, pafinia is a real star for most orchid growers. Its flowering rarely lasts longer than a week, but it can be an unforgettable sight. You want to look at the unusual striped patterns on the huge flowers of the modest orchid endlessly. In indoor culture, pafinia is rightly ranked among the difficult-to-grow species. It became fashionable only with the spread of interior terrariums.
Pumpkin ginger marmalade is a warming sweet that can be made almost all year round. Pumpkin keeps for a long time - sometimes I manage to save a few vegetables until summer, fresh ginger and lemons are always available these days. Lemon can be replaced with lime or orange to create different flavors - variety in sweets is always nice. The finished marmalade is placed in dry jars; it can be stored at room temperature, but it is always healthier to prepare fresh products.
In 2014, the Japanese company Takii seed introduced petunia with a striking petal color - salmon-orange. By association with bright colors southern sunset sky, the unique hybrid is called African Sunset. Needless to say, this petunia instantly won the hearts of gardeners and was in great demand. But in the last two years, the curiosity has suddenly disappeared from store windows. Where did the orange petunia go?
In our family Bell pepper they love it, that’s why we plant it every year. Most of the varieties that I grow have been tested by me for more than one season; I cultivate them constantly. I also try to try something new every year. Pepper is a heat-loving plant and quite whimsical. Varietal and hybrid varieties of tasty and productive sweet peppers, which grow well for me, will be discussed further. I live in middle lane Russia.
Meat cutlets with broccoli in bechamel sauce are a great idea for a quick lunch or dinner. Start by preparing the mince and at the same time heat 2 liters of water to a boil to blanch the broccoli. By the time the cutlets are fried, the cabbage will be ready. All that remains is to collect the ingredients in a frying pan, season with sauce and bring to readiness. Broccoli needs to be cooked quickly to retain its vibrant color. green color, which, when cooked for a long time, either fades or the cabbage turns brown.
Home floriculture is not only a fascinating process, but also a very troublesome hobby. And, as a rule, the more experience a grower has, the healthier his plants look. What should those who have no experience but want to have a home do? houseplants- not elongated, stunted specimens, but beautiful and healthy ones, not causing a feeling of guilt with their fading? For beginners and flower growers who do not have much experience, I will tell you about the main mistakes that are easy to avoid.
Lush cheesecakes in a frying pan with banana-apple confiture - another recipe for everyone’s favorite dish. To prevent cheesecakes from falling off after cooking, remember a few simple rules. Firstly, only fresh and dry cottage cheese, secondly, no baking powder or soda, thirdly, the thickness of the dough - you can sculpt from it, it is not tight, but pliable. A good dough with a small amount of flour can only be obtained from good cottage cheese, and here again see the “firstly” point.
It is no secret that many drugs from pharmacies have migrated to summer cottages. Their use, at first glance, seems so exotic that some summer residents are perceived with hostility. At the same time, potassium permanganate is a long-known antiseptic that is used in both medicine and veterinary medicine. In plant growing, a solution of potassium permanganate is used both as an antiseptic and as a fertilizer. In this article we will tell you how to properly use potassium permanganate in the garden.
Pork meat salad with mushrooms is a rural dish that can often be found on festive table in the village. This recipe is with champignons, but if possible, use Forest mushrooms, then be sure to cook it this way, it will be even tastier. You don’t need to spend a lot of time preparing this salad - put the meat in a pan for 5 minutes and another 5 minutes for slicing. Everything else happens practically without the participation of the cook - the meat and mushrooms are boiled, cooled, and marinated.
Cucumbers grow well not only in a greenhouse or conservatory, but also in open ground. Typically, cucumbers are sown from mid-April to mid-May. Harvesting in this case is possible from mid-July to the end of summer. Cucumbers cannot tolerate frost. That's why we don't sow them too early. However, there is a way to bring their harvest closer and taste the juicy beauties from your garden at the beginning of summer or even in May. It is only necessary to take into account some of the features of this plant.
Polyscias is an excellent alternative to classic variegated shrubs and woody ones. The elegant round or feathery leaves of this plant create a strikingly festive curly crown, and its elegant silhouettes and rather modest character make it an excellent candidate for the role of large plant in the house. Larger leaves do not prevent it from successfully replacing Benjamin and Co. ficus. Moreover, polyscias offers much more variety.
Pumpkin cinnamon casserole is juicy and incredibly tasty, a little like pumpkin pie, but unlike pie, it is more tender and just melts in your mouth! This is the perfect sweet recipe for a family with children. As a rule, kids don’t really like pumpkin, but they never mind eating something sweet. Sweet pumpkin casserole is a delicious and healthy dessert, which, moreover, is very simple and quick to prepare. Try it! You'll like it!
A hedge is not only one of essential elements landscape design. She also performs various protective functions. If, for example, the garden borders a road, or a highway passes nearby, then hedge simply necessary. “Green walls” will protect the garden from dust, noise, wind and create a special comfort and microclimate. In this article we will look at optimal plants to create a hedge that can reliably protect the area from dust.
You can count on a high harvest only if you care for the garden properly. Therefore, owners who are aware of this treat the garden annually. The success of this event depends on the quality of its implementation in the spring. After all, it is at this moment that it is decided whether the plantings will be well protected from pests and diseases.
When spring warmth begins to be felt in the air, many people have a desire to be closer to nature. At these moments, the soul wants to enjoy the variety of colors that various plantings in our summer cottages give us. And to bring this moment closer, gardeners are trying to more thoroughly prepare the garden before fruiting begins.
To determine the scope of the work to be done, the first thing you need to do is inspect the garden. Based on its results, it will be clear what you will have to do. After a long and cold winter There are bound to be many damaged branches that need to be removed. However, the spring treatment of the garden is not limited to this, because it also includes a lot of other important measures that are designed to protect the plants from pests and diseases.
Why and when to carry out spring treatment of trees |
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Every spring, summer residents have to contend with many various pests and diseases, which, if uncontrolled, instantly overwhelm green spaces.
To reduce the harm that aggressors can cause, many gardeners use chemical and organic methods to combat them. However, the final result largely depends on the experience of the gardener. The effectiveness of all planned work can only be improved if it is carried out at the right time.
Before the snow melts, it is necessary to go around the garden and remove the remains of last year's vegetation - the source of infections. You also need to trim dry, broken and frozen branches in winter. By the way, early spring is also favorable for the formation of tree crowns. Places where branches are cut must be painted over with paint or treated with garden varnish.
In mid-March, as soon as they pass last cold weather, and there are no buds on the trees yet, you need to start treating fruit trees from pests and diseases.
It is better to treat the garden before 10 a.m. or after sunset. This choice is not accidental, since it is during these hours that the sun’s activity is minimal, and therefore the risk of leaf burns is extremely low.
As part of spring garden processing, the following main stages can be distinguished:
Tree processing
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One of the traditional garden processing activities is whitewashing tree trunks. However, carry it out better in autumn, before the onset of cold weather. As a result of this operation, it is possible to protect trees from damage by rodents, so the remaining intact bark will not crack as a result of exposure to frosty winds. In the spring you will only need to examine it to understand whether it survived the winter well, and correct it if the need arises.
First treatment of the garden carried out in early mid-March, before the buds begin to bloom. After waiting for the snow to melt, you can prepare the plantings for processing. To do this, tidy up the area summer cottage, remove insulation from protected trunks, as well as branches that have not survived the winter. After this, spring treatment is carried out to protect trees and shrubs from insects.
On initial stage It is necessary to inspect the tree trunks and remove any fungi found from the surface. After this, apply to the bark mortar. The process of its preparation will look like this: 1 Take 2 kg of lime and mix it with 10 liters of water 2 Add 1 kg of clay and 330-350 g of copper sulfate to this mixture 3 Mix all components thoroughly until smooth 4. The solution is ready, it can be applied to the trunks and the bases of the branches.
As a result of such treatment, eggs and larvae of insects, which can often be found on the bark and cracks of the trunk, will be removed.
Today, gardeners have access to more modern and effective preparations. Although they are a little more expensive, they can be used to process trees much faster and with less labor, preventing insects from causing much harm to the plantings. Many of them contain a fungicide, which increase the plant's resistance to many diseases. The following products have similar properties:
- Acrylic whitewash
- Acrylic paints
- Lime pastes containing copper sulfate
Not only copper sulfate, but also diesel fuel can help protect trees and shrubs from pests. After processing the plantings, a protective oily film will appear on them, which can protect trees and shrubs from annoying insects. If insects try to lay larvae and eggs on trunks and branches, they will die under a ball of diesel fuel. In this case, all open flower stalks and blooming leaves will remain intact and unharmed.
Tree processing
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Then comes the next stage - processing of fruit trees until the buds awaken. The main goal of these measures is to prevent insects that hatch from larvae, as well as pathogens of various diseases, from infecting trees and shrubs. The greatest damage to fruit trees can be caused by diseases such as scab, black cancer, coccomycosis, etc.
Regardless of whether you are going to use copper sulfate or another modern drug, it is recommended that you read the instructions for use before using it. The fact is that in stores there are preparations that are initially designed to treat only certain types of fruit trees.
To ensure that such treatment meets your expectations, you can carry it out with a solution of insecticides and contact fungicides. The effectiveness of this measure will increase many times over, as it will help not only rid the plantings of pests and diseases, but also prevent their occurrence in the future.
If you want to minimize the damage that your plantings will receive as a result of chemical treatment, you can use a safer mixture made from herbs, tobacco and orange peel. The process of its preparation is as follows:
- Take a 3 liter jar and fill it with 200g of crushed tobacco.
- There you also need to put a handful of garlic peels and the same amount of onions, pine needles and orange peels.
- Pour water heated to approximately 70°C into this mixture.
- Seal the jar hermetically, find a warm place for it and leave it there for a week.
- The finished tincture should be diluted with warm water in an amount of 10 liters.
- Mix the composition thoroughly and add 100 g of crushed tar soap to it, in small parts.
- The product is ready and can be used to treat the garden. If necessary, the procedure can be repeated after 10-12 days. However, this can only be done before flowering.
You can treat shrub trees until the buds begin to bloom. This will help not only prevent codling moth caterpillars from harming them, but also reduce the risk of scab and spotting. To prepare the solution, you can use Carbofox. To do this, take 70 g of the drug and dilute it in 10 liters of water at room temperature. However, if trees and shrubs have already begun to bloom, then such processing cannot be done.
Fruit trees can be re-treated after the flowering period has ended. It is necessary to reduce the likelihood of infection of trees and shrubs in the next season, as well as to increase the resistance of plantings to diseases.
Typically, the inflorescences bloom at the moment when mites appear, having successfully survived the winter. Colloidal sulfur can help deal with them: to prepare a solution, you need to take 80 grams of 70% of the drug and dilute it in 10 liters of soapy water. It is very important that this treatment is carried out in a timely manner, otherwise all your crops will suffer as a result of the mite infestation.
Treatment of trees during the formation of ovaries |
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When conducting final stage During spring processing, the main task that must be solved is to ensure the protection of the fruits of the new harvest from putrefactive diseases and pests that have managed to survive.
First, it is recommended to inspect the plantings to determine whether there are visible enemies on the trees and shrubs. After all, if you use chemicals that have a strong effect, then in addition to killing insects, you can cause significant harm to the ovaries.
As a preparation for spraying fruit trees, the choice can be made of copper oxychloride, Bordeaux mixture, or urea. It is also allowed to use combination drugs that have a universal scope of application.
Treatment should be carried out at optimal air humidity. Otherwise, there is a possibility that the leaves will suffer serious burns after spraying.
Spring garden cultivation does not involve strict rules on its implementation. However there is important nuances, taking into account which you can most effectively perform this work.
Procedure for spraying trees. If you want to completely destroy pests and diseases, then you should treat every part of the trees and bushes with a working solution, for example, copper sulfate. Usually this work begins with the crown, then moves to the branches, and finally the trunk and soil in the root zone are processed.
Time and conditions of work. It is best to do spring gardening early in the morning. It is advisable to choose a dry, windless day for this work, during which no precipitation is expected. In this case, after treatment, the solution can be immediately absorbed and will act quickly. As a result, you will be sure that the leaves and inflorescences will not be damaged.
Calculation of the amount of solution. The results of spring garden cultivation may vary. If it is important for you not only to destroy pests and diseases, but also not to harm trees and shrubs, then you need to correctly determine the application rate of the drug. You can find out if you look at the instructions for a specific product. Knowing this, it will be easy for you to understand exactly how much of certain chemicals you will need. It takes approximately 1.5 liters of solution to treat one young tree, and 5.5 liters for an adult tree.
Spraying bushes may require different amounts of solution - from 0.6 to 1.5 liters. You can more accurately say how much liquid is required by knowing the dimensions of the crown.
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An orchard brings its owners not only joy harvested, it also requires a high degree of responsibility for the health of its inhabitants: trees, shrubs, flowers. Therefore, it is so important to be able to recognize the first signs of disease in time and be able to prevent them.
Treating garden shrubs against pests and diseases is one of the key stages of care, on which the health of the crops and the volume of the harvest will depend.
Diseases of shrubs and trees: treatment
All plant diseases are divided into two large groups: infectious and non-infectious. The former are caused by pathogenic organisms: fungi, bacteria and viruses, which slow down the growth and development of the tree, inhibit metabolism, which leads to a significant decrease in yield (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Main signs of diseases of fruit and berry bushes The second group of diseases occurs under unfavorable conditions environment. Thus, as a result of heavy snowfalls and glaciers, damage to the bark by rodents or insect pests, weather phenomena such as strong wind, hail, as well as as a result of inaccurate manual processing and careless harvesting, mechanical damage occurs on the bark of trees, through which in the future they can penetrate pathogenic microorganisms that cause infectious diseases.
Note: Damage to the bark can also occur when exposed to too high or too low temperatures. For example, with a sharp cold snap in conditions of insufficient snow cover, fluctuations in day and night temperatures (sun - frost), spring frosts or summer overheating, not only the tree bark, but also the wood, as well as ovaries, buds and flowers can be damaged.
The tree ages prematurely from a lack of moisture in the soil and, as a result, its fruiting occurs irregularly, and the plant itself is often damaged by frost. On the other hand, excess moisture leads to inhibition and death of the root system, and also makes the plant vulnerable to fungal diseases.
Note: To avoid this, you need to carefully choose the location for planting trees. It should be sufficiently moist, but without stagnation of water. For this reason, areas located in lowlands are not suitable for growing orchard.
Very often, garden diseases are caused by various pests, which, damaging all organs of the plant, cause a lag in their growth and can lead to the death of the tree. At the same time, damage from pests is noticeable not only in this year, but also in subsequent ones. Another reason that provokes the occurrence of diseases is a violation of the diet, that is, a deficiency or excess of certain nutrients.
Causes
Knowing all the causes of diseases, you can prevent them through competent organization of work on caring for garden plants. And having discovered the first signs of the disease, it is necessary to immediately begin treating the plants.
For example, if signs of rust or anthracnose are detected, diseased leaves must be destroyed, and if infectious drying disease (cytosporosis) spreads, entire branches and even trees must be removed from the area.
To combat fungal diseases, spraying with insecticides is used in the bud formation phase, then 2 weeks after the end of flowering, and finally, after the autumn leaves fall. For the same purpose, sanitary pruning of affected shoots is carried out. In this case, the cut areas are disinfected with garden pitch or a 1% solution. copper sulfate. Digging up the soil between the rows and around the trunks, as well as cleaning and destroying fallen leaves will help prevent scab disease in trees.
Having discovered the signs powdery mildew, you should spray the trees with a solution of soda ash (5 g per 1 liter of water) or mullein infusion (2-3 kg of the substance per 7-8 liters of warm water), kept for 2 days and diluted in 20-25 liters of water. Alternative method To combat powdery mildew, spray the plants with boiling water. This procedure is carried out at the very beginning of spring, before the buds swell, once a year. Boiling water is cooled for 15 minutes and then poured over the plants.
Symptoms
It is important not only to know the causes of garden diseases, but also to be able to correctly recognize the causes of diseases in order to take action. effective measures struggle.
Symptoms of popular diseases of shrubs are:(Figure 2):
- Leaf rust appears as numerous spots Brown appearing between the veins. Later, brown growths are formed at the site of the spots, filled with fungal spores inside.
- Cytosporosis (infectious drying out) also has characteristic symptoms: when examining the plant, you can notice large gum-like wounds on the skeletal branches and their forks. The peak of this disease occurs in late spring, as well as the first half of summer. Also characteristic feature cytosporosis is the drying and curling of leaves and buds, which for a long time don't fall off.
- Bacteriosis provokes the formation of dark spots on the bark. Damaged areas of the bark soon die, and the leaves curl and dry out right on the tree. In the chronic form of bacteriosis, the plant soon dies.
- Moniliosis occurs in cold, wet spring conditions on pome fruit crops. Its main symptom is the sudden browning and drying of flowers, leaves, young branches and annual shoots, and the surface of the fruit becomes covered with brown spots. Their flesh also turns brown and acquires an alcoholic taste.
- Scab is the most common disease among fruit crops. It affects all organs of the plant except the root system. It appears as greenish-brown spots that appear on leaves and fruits.
- Powdery mildew appears at low ambient temperatures and high humidity air. Density of plantings also contributes to the spread of this disease. Its main symptom is plaque white with a grayish tint. Powdery mildew leads to curvature of shoots and cessation of their growth, curling, drying and premature falling of leaves. If the disease spreads to the fruits, their growth stops and they become unfit for consumption.
Figure 2. Symptoms of common diseases of shrubs: 1 - leaf rust, 2 - cytosporosis, 3 - bacteriosis, 4 - moniliosis, 5 - scab, 6 - powdery mildew Blackcurrant bushes are susceptible to anthracnose disease, which manifests itself as large yellow and brown spots on the foliage and shoots. The fruits also become covered with brown, raised spots, while the bush becomes completely bare.
A dangerous disease called black currant blight is carried by aphids and bud mites. The affected plant has underdeveloped leaves and modified flowers: their petals become elongated and change their color from white to green or purple. Soon they dry out, but remain hanging on the branches. This disease leads to infertility of the berry crop.
Diseases of trees and shrubs: video
To protect the garden from negative influence, we recommend watching a video that describes the features of treating trees and shrubs in the spring against pests and diseases.
Products for treating shrubs against diseases and pests
With the arrival of spring, not only plants awaken, but also all kinds of pests that have spent the winter under the bark or in the soil. Therefore, early spring is the right time to carry out a set of measures to protect garden plants from pests and diseases (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Methods of combating diseases and pests of shrubs You should start with fruit bushes, since they are the first to awaken. Inspect them carefully, remove branches with empty and blackened cores, dry and damaged shoots so that they do not become a source of infection. Then the plant should be treated with one of the protective preparations. There are three groups of such means in the gardener’s arsenal: biological, chemical and folk. Each group has both its advantages and disadvantages. Knowing the features of each of them, you can do right choice in each specific situation.
The author of the video will talk about the features of processing shrubs using currants as an example.
Biological agents
To obtain environmentally friendly products, it is more advisable to use biological means of pest and disease control. These drugs are safe for animals and beneficial insects(Figure 4). They do not affect human health, so they can be used before harvesting, and some - during harvesting.
Figure 4. Types biological drugs against diseases and pests Bioinsecticides are made from living organisms: bacteria, fungi, viruses. These organisms, in the process of their life activity, penetrate into the pest’s body upon contact with it and destroy it. The preparations “Boverin”, “Fitoverm”, “Aktofit”, “Lepidotsid”, “Bikol” are synthesized on the basis of soil microorganisms and are effective in the fight against aphids, whiteflies and spider mite. Ladybugs, ichneumon wasps, some species of birds and wasps are also biological pest control agents.
Chemicals
Sometimes biological control agents are not enough. In this case, they resort to the use of pesticides - chemicals that poison pests.
Among the pesticides there are(Figure 5):
- Herbicides - to kill weeds;
- Insecticides are preparations for controlling harmful insects;
- Fungicides that destroy pathogenic fungi;
- Zoocides - means for eliminating warm-blooded animal pests, etc.
The advantage of chemicals is that their action occurs extremely quickly, and the positive effect lasts for a significant period of time. After a certain period of time, pesticides decompose, and in the future the plants and their fruits do not pose a danger to human health and life.
Figure 5. Examples of chemicals against diseases and pests You should know that spraying shrubs in the spring against diseases and pests using chemicals should be done very carefully, since too large doses of drugs have a detrimental effect on the plant and lead to a decrease in yield. In addition, improper use of pesticides can have a detrimental effect on human health and lead to death. various groups animals.
Folk remedies against pests and diseases
Some gardeners protect their garden from diseases and pests using folk remedies (Figure 6). These include various tinctures, decoctions, and insecticidal herbal powders. You should know that many of these herbs are poisonous, so unwashed fruits previously treated with folk remedies can sometimes be unsafe for human health.
Figure 6. Folk remedies for controlling diseases and pests Let us give examples of folk remedies prepared from less dangerous raw materials. Thus, a decoction of potato and tomato tops is used to combat spider mites and aphids. In this case, you can also use a solution of wood ash with laundry soap. Infusion will help fight caterpillars onion peel or shag. Fumigation with tobacco dust helps in the destruction of apple and fruit moths. And an infusion of burdock leaves is effective against cutworms.
Remember that preparations made from poisonous herbs should be stored out of the reach of children and pets. The containers in which protective equipment was prepared should under no circumstances be used for eating. After spraying, excess drugs should be buried. It is important to know that plants can only be processed 3 times during the entire growing season. A month before harvesting, it is necessary to stop any treatments, and solutions cannot be used during flowering and harvesting.
The more fully and thoroughly we carry out the complex necessary measures, the less gardening trouble we will have in the summer, and in the fall we will get an excellent harvest of healthy fruits.
Today we will talk about how to treat fruit trees against pests and diseases in spring. We will also learn about preventive measures to avoid serious diseases and death of garden plants:
Spring treatment of the garden from pests and diseases
From pests
Spring work begins with cleaning the soil from last year's leaves, fallen branches and other debris, since a huge number of all kinds of insect pests are concentrated there. All collected garbage can be burned, or you can pour it into compost pit, dig up with soil. Then in a few years you will have excellent compost.
After clearing the garden of debris, carefully inspect all trees and shrubs, and then remove all diseased, weak, dry branches. Now let's move on to processing the trunks: clean the areas of the trunks from loose, dead bark. Carefully remove it and burn it.
Carefully saw off old, dry stumps, then coat the cut areas with garden varnish or other special means, which can be purchased at a garden store. If there is a hollow on the trunk, clean it thoroughly, rinse it generously with a solution of copper sulfate, and then cover it with cement mortar. Also clean the trunks and branches of overgrown moss and lichens, and thoroughly rinse these areas with a solution of iron sulfate.
Tillage
Now you need to dig up the soil around the trees. This must be done 2-3 days before pest control treatment. After digging, the soil surface will be raised a large number of insects and their larvae. After spraying, most will be destroyed, the rest will be eaten by birds.
Pest repellents
Chemicals are used to get rid of pests insecticide preparations which are most effective. However, many gardeners prefer to use environmentally friendly natural remedies. Let's talk in more detail about both:
Chemical:
For the treatment of fruit trees and shrubs, well-known compounds are traditionally used: copper and iron sulfate, urea and Bordeaux mixture. In the gardening store you can buy drugs: Marshall, Neoron, etc.
Or combined products: Inta-VIR, Kinmiks, Karate and Abiga-Peak, etc. They are very effective, as they destroy several types of pests at once. Here are some examples of their use:
Bark beetles. The bark affected by these insects has many small holes, as if it had been pierced with very small shot. You will need to clean out each such hole using a metal knitting needle. Then use a syringe to inject an aqueous solution of any of the described pesticides, and a double dose. Then wrap the treated area tightly with cellophane film and tie it with rope at the top and bottom. If a branch is infected by a beetle, cut it down and burn it.
Blood aphids, scale insects, false scale insects. Places where these pests accumulate must be cleaned and then treated with diesel fuel.
Branches of bushes damaged by sawfly, or kidney mite sprayed with ready-made preparations: Decis, Marshall, Neoron.
The safest for humans and the environment are well-known biological products, which can also be bought in specialized stores for gardeners: Fitoverm, Barrier, Aktofit. These products are synthesized compounds from soil microorganisms.
Biological
Natural remedies are absolutely safe and work quite effectively against leaf rollers, caterpillars, psyllids, as well as raspberry beetles and sawflies. They are used to destroy silkworms, aphids, budworms, weevils and ticks. Let's look at ways to prepare some of them:
From: 400 g of loose tobacco, or even better, shag per bucket of water (10 l). The solution can be used after 2 days.
Soap-based: grate 2 pieces of 200 g of dark laundry soap, pour 10 liters. water. When completely dissolved, you can use it.
From: grind 300-400 g of peeled garlic through a meat grinder, add to a bucket of water. After an hour, strain, you can start spraying.
From: pour 200 g of onion peels into a bucket of water. You need to insist for a week. Then strain and can be used for spraying.
Perform processing garden trees It is better to control insect pests in the evening, when the sun goes below the horizon. Convenient to use for work hand pump or a special sprayer. Keep it about a meter away from the plant. Be sure to treat all trees and shrubs growing in the garden without exception.
Whitewashing trunks
After the sanitary work described above, be sure to whiten the trunks and large branches. Whitewashing not only decorates the trees, but also gives them a well-groomed appearance. This procedure perfectly protects them from pests, diseases, and rodents. Doesn't allow to appear sunburn. Whitewash the trunks as high as possible - to a height of up to 3 m. It is best to use for whitewashing ready-made compositions from lime, copper sulfate, PVA glue.
Spring treatment of the garden against diseases
In addition to many insect pests, diseases of garden trees are a big problem for gardeners. They are usually caused by phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses. These pathogens slow down the growth and development of the plant and negatively affect metabolic processes. Diseases inhibit the absorption of organic matter and often cause the death of fruit plants. Not to mention that they significantly reduce productivity.
Common diseases that are caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses are necrosis or rot, hyperplasia, scab, late blight, as well as powdery mildew, rust, spotting, etc. Let's talk in more detail about how spring treatment of fruit trees for diseases is carried out and about the treatment of some of them:
- Powdery mildew. Treatment of fruit trees with colloidal sulfur gives a good effect. Prepare a solution: 80 g of paste (70%) per bucket of water (10 l), or 100 g of paste (35%) per bucket of water (10 l). Treat the affected plants for the first time in the spring, when the buds begin to bloom. Then do it every 15 days.
At the beginning of intensive growth, and also if you notice signs of powdery mildew, treat the trees in the garden with the ready-made Topaz preparation, or use any other ready-made remedy from powdery mildew. After flowering is completed, copper oxychloride (the drug Hom) is used. Prepare solutions according to the instructions on the package. Last treatment Bordeaux mixture is carried out in the fall, after harvesting.
- Gray rot. The fight against this disease begins in early spring from removing patients, dead branches. They are cut off and burned. When pruning, be sure to capture a small healthy part of the shoot. After this, you can treat the trees with Bordeaux mixture. It is generally effective to use during spring processing, since it is very good remedy to combat many diseases of fruit plants. It can also be used for their prevention.
- Sooty fungus, other fungal infections. First of all, identify the cause of the fungus and eliminate it. Then spray the plant with a soap solution with the addition of copper sulfate: 1 tsp. vitriol, 150 g of grated laundry soap, dissolve in 10 liters of water.
It is important to understand that preparations containing copper (Bordeaux mixture, ready-made preparations Hom, Oxychom) cannot be used when the first ovaries appear. Such treatment may cause them to fall off.
- Gum wounds. Such holes appear from any damage to the trunks and contain resinous secretions (gum). This is a favorable “soil” for various infections that cause diseases. So to prevent the plant from getting sick, you need to thoroughly clean the wounds down to the wood itself, and then treat them with 3% copper or iron sulfate.
Then carefully cover with garden varnish. This varnish, reminiscent of plasticine, can be bought ready-made, or you can prepare it yourself: 6 parts of melted, liquid paraffin and 3 parts of finely crushed rosin. Mix everything, bring to a boil, then pour in 2 parts vegetable oil. Boil the mixture for another 10 minutes. Pour the finished, slightly cooled brew into a jar with a tight lid. Before hardening, add more crushed heteroauxin (1 tablet per 1 kg of pitch).
Disease Prevention
Preventative measures are very important. With the help of simple, timely work in the garden, you can prevent many problems associated with diseases and pests of fruit and berry plants.
For example, it is not difficult to trim and thin out the crowns in a timely manner. This will ensure their ventilation, which, for example, can prevent the appearance of rot. It is also very important to avoid excess soil moisture.
To prevent the appearance of scab, it is very important to loosen the soil around trunks and row spacing more often, to promptly clear the soil of fallen leaves in the fall, after leaf fall, and also in early spring from debris.
Other prevention tips:
Use only healthy, grafted seedlings for planting in prepared soil.
Loosen the soil under plantings as deeply as possible.
Be sure to whitewash the trunks several times a season. Before whitewashing, do not forget to remove (very carefully) dry, old bark.
Regularly prune dry, diseased, damaged branches.
To prevent diseases, spray trees and shrubs with Bordeaux mixture.
Remove weeds more often - a large number of insect pests and pathogens live and breed in them.
And also, after severe frosts in winter, always inspect the bark. If you find damage, be sure to heal it in the spring. You and I know how to do this. I hope these and other simple recommendations and tips will help you keep your garden healthy and enjoy the fall. a bountiful harvest. Good luck, dear gardeners!
One of the main requirements for caring for fruit trees is seasonal processing. This treatment is carried out by any summer resident who wants to grow a beautiful garden with a significant amount of yield. Spraying trees in the spring with the necessary preparations will protect the garden from the scourge of pests and pathogenic microorganisms.
The main objective of such treatment is to protect against the appearance of butterflies, aphids, caterpillars and all kinds of beetles, and also to minimize the possibility of infectious, viral and fungal diseases.
- For example, aphids cause significant damage to fruit trees such as pear, plum, apple, apricot and cherry plum. This pest attacks the bark of a tree, forming nodules on its surface, which crack over time, turning into sores. Aphids infect tree leaves, which first curl and then dry out. The affected areas stop growing over time and dry out.
- The main enemy of plums, cherries and cherries is the cockchafer, or rather its larvae, which live in the ground for three years. This pest can destroy entire gardens of young trees, destroying them root system. The adult beetles fly in May, and they also destroy young leaves and fruit ovaries. Spraying trees in the spring makes their leaves unattractive to beetles.
- Flower beetles are found everywhere. With the warmth, weevils crawl out of the soil where they hibernated and head towards the opening flowers, where they dine on the stamens and pistils. Measures to combat them are to dig up tree trunk circles in late autumn (or cover them with a thick layer of hay, sawdust, straw, through which the beetles will not be able to get out).
- Sawflies and moths. These terrible insects can make the entire harvest of plums, peaches, apples, pears, and nectarines simply inedible. Methods of control - only one spray.
Chemical treatment of the ground part fruit trees allows you to preserve not only foliage, but also ripe fruits, which means you get a tasty and healthy harvest.
Irrigation of the orchard with chemicals must be carried out on time. Untimely and incorrect treatment of plants will not give any effect.
When and how many times to spray?
Spraying of fruit trees is done more than once, from early spring to late autumn. Gardeners, taking into account their enormous experience, have developed a special schedule for irrigating the orchard. It describes in detail what and when to irrigate trees throughout the season.
The first spraying of fruit trees against pests is done in early spring. Many novice gardeners wonder under what weather conditions this procedure can be carried out. So, experts advise doing the first spraying immediately after the snow melts, at a temperature of about 5-6 degrees Celsius.
Treatment of fruit trees is usually carried out in the second half of March. Just at this time, the process of bud enlargement begins in plants. During spraying, as well as during the process of pruning trees, the gardener must pay special attention to cracks that may contain harmful insects. Before spraying trees, they need to be prepared for this. The trees are carefully cleaned with a brush, then a freshly prepared solution is applied. The solution is used on the day it is prepared, otherwise it will become useless. It will not remove pests, but the trees may be seriously burned.
| Time | Works | Drug (Optional) |
|---|---|---|
| Early spring | Preventive spraying against pests overwintering on trees | Diesel fuel (optional) |
| Before the buds open | Spraying against scab, moniliosis, clusterisporosis, coccomycosis and a number of other fungal diseases. Treatment with insecticides against emerging pests. | Bordeaux mixture, Urea. |
| During flowering | Treatment to increase immunity to fungal diseases. Searching against bream and weevils | Bordeaux liquid, Anabasine, DDT Powder, Carbaphos. |
| After flowering | Prevention from putrefactive diseases. Pest Control | Broad-spectrum combination mixtures |
Treatment of the garden in March is aimed at combating insects that infect trees by getting out of the soil.
The next spraying is carried out in April. The purpose of this spraying is to protect the flower buds on the trees from various fungal diseases and the stag beetle.
May processing is carried out in order to prevent the appearance of harmful insects and diseases. This procedure is carried out after the trees bloom.
The processing of the garden does not end there; with the onset of autumn, additional spraying follows. This is a kind of preparation of fruit trees for winter. As soon as the trees lose their leaves, in October-November, it’s time to start processing them. In this case, it is recommended to use chemicals. If, however, spraying is carried out without their use, then the first autumn treatment can be carried out immediately after harvesting - in September.
How to prepare trees for spraying?
Trees over 6 years old are cleaned of old bark and lichens with a brush. Growths and other accumulations on the trunk of trees do not in any way affect their general condition. But it is worth noting that it is precisely in these places that pathogenic microorganisms most often like to gather. Immediately after cleaning, spraying is carried out.
The final processing of fruit plantings and shrubs is carried out after harvesting and falling leaves. The area is completely cleared of weeds and leaves. The latest spraying of the garden is carried out after the first frost.
What and from what diseases should I spray trees in the spring?
There are several effective preparations that gardeners use when treating fruit trees and shrubs. Today there are a lot of substances for spring and autumn processing orchards. The most popular means used by many gardeners over the years:
- Urea or urea.
It is impossible to give preference to any one of the above-mentioned remedies, because each of them is aimed at eliminating a specific disease or pest. One drug can only be used in the spring, the other only in the fall. Experienced gardeners advise stopping spraying fruit trees and shrubs with chemicals 3-4 weeks before harvest.
| Culture | Pest | Time of processing |
|---|---|---|
| Grape | Mildu | |
| Cherry and Cherry | Clusterosporiasis, Monoliosis, Bacterial cancer | 3% solution until buds open, |
| Apricot | Clusterosporiasis, Monoliosis | 3% solution until buds open, 1% solution - during the growing season |
| Potato | Late blight, | 1% solution - during the growing season |
| Apple tree | Scab, Monoliosis, Bacterial cancer | 3% solution until buds open, 1% solution - during the growing season |
| Tomatoes | Late blight, Black bacterial spot, Alternaria | 1% solution - during the growing season |
| Onion | Downy mildew, Rust, Rot | 1% solution - during the growing season |
| Cucumber | Downy mildew, Anthracnose, Ascochyta blight, Olive spot, Bacteriosis | 1% solution - during the growing season |
| Peaches | Leaf curl, Bacterial canker | 3% solution until buds open, |
Treatment of the garden with iron sulfate is carried out twice during the entire season. The first spraying is carried out during the period of foliage formation, and the second - when the trees are preparing for wintering. This drug has a double effect. It enriches shrubs and trees with iron, and is also effective protection from all kinds of pests and diseases. The lack of iron in fruit trees is expressed in a trivial way - low yield and underdeveloped fruits. Spraying of fruit plantings with iron-based vitriol is carried out not only in spring, but also in autumn, in for preventive purposes, and also for the extermination of lichen, moss, cytosporosis, black cancer and septosporosis.
Treatment of the garden with copper sulfate is carried out according to the same scheme as with the previous preparation - twice a season. The first treatment is carried out in early spring, even before the appearance of young buds. This substance must be handled with care, since copper sulfate, even the weakest concentration, can burn young foliage on trees. This is beautiful disinfectant, healing wounds on the trunk of trees and shrubs. This fungicide is sprayed on trees such as pear, plum and apple trees, both in autumn and spring. Copper sulfate protects orchards from moniliosis, scab, cluster blight and curl.
For one young tree, up to 6 years old, apply 2 liters of freshly prepared solution. For adult specimens, use 10 liters of liquid. The garden is processed in the morning or evening, when there is no wind, at a temperature of 10 to 25 degrees. On hot days, it is advisable to avoid using this drug, as it is quite aggressive and can harm both animals and people. The solution is prepared in a place remote from water bodies.
Carbamide (urea) is considered an equally effective drug against pests. The first care of orchards in early spring begins with spraying them with this particular preparation. This procedure is carried out immediately after flowering. The second spraying with this substance is carried out before wintering. Urea is intended to save the crop from the invasion of various pests. A properly made solution allows you to achieve the desired effect.
During the first spraying, urea of increased concentration is used with the addition of a small dose of copper sulfate. This remedy is effective not only against a variety of pests, but also allows you to slow down the growing season of some fruit trees by 2-3 weeks. This helps preserve the color on the trees during the last frost.
7 days after flowering, fruit plantings are sprayed with a weaker solution of urea: 50 g of the substance is diluted with a bucket of water. This protects the trees from leaf rollers, aphids, caterpillars, copperheads and flower beetles.
The second treatment is carried out in the fall, when half of the trees are bare of leaves. In this case, a solution of increased concentration is used. Spraying is also carried out after the leaves have completely fallen. In this case, spraying is performed with a urea solution with an 8-10% concentration. Not only trees, but also the soil around them are subject to this treatment. This substance has a dual effect - it disinfects plantings and also nourishes the soil. Here it is extremely important to choose the right concentration so as not to harm the trees or reduce their resistance to cold.
Just like other drugs, it is used twice - in autumn and spring. This petroleum product must be used with extreme caution, as it can cause burns to trees and shrubs, as a result of which they die. Therefore, spraying with diesel fuel is carried out strictly before the formation of buds and leaves on the trees in the spring. The second spraying is carried out only after the trees have completely lost their leaves.
This substance is strictly prohibited for use in pure form. It is diluted with water or other liquid, thereby reducing the concentration and destructive effect. A diluted solution of diesel fuel is extremely effective in combating rot.
It is used in early spring and late autumn. Ready solution consists of 200 g of substance diluted with 1 bucket of water. Treatment with this drug destroys many pests that have remained on the trunk and branches since the fall. This can be false scale insects, aphids, whiteflies, scale insects, leaf rollers and moths, etc. Preparation 30B is often used to control insects in the summer. This substance is considered harmless. When applied, it forms a thin film on the tree cover, which prevents the supply of oxygen and moisture to pests at the stage of eggs and larvae. Such conditions ultimately lead to the death of insects.
Despite the safety of this drug, experienced gardeners it is used no more than once every three years.
Today, two types of devices for spraying orchards are produced - manual or mechanical. This is a necessary thing for the correct and effective procedure. It improves the quality of spraying and protects the gardener from contact with chemical. Each device is equipped with a pump. To work with drugs in powder form, there are devices with air supply.
Mechanical devices are characterized by convenience and high cost. The pumping principle of manual and mechanical devices is also different. Each model has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, here you should proceed from the needs and capabilities when purchasing this item.
We wish you success and good harvests!