How to feed cucumbers before planting in the ground. What fertilizers should be applied when planting cucumbers? Types of fertilizers for cucumbers

Cucumbers are one of the most popular crops grown in home gardens and farms. Each gardener has his own methods for planting cucumbers in open ground or a greenhouse, thanks to which he can obtain high yields. But the main secret lies in observing general rules agricultural technologies, which will be discussed in this article.

We will look at the varieties that can be planted in the Urals or in the Moscow region, we will tell you at what correct depth to plant the seed, how to fertilize the seedlings and what to feed the soil in a polycarbonate greenhouse.

Planting seeds or seedlings begins from the second half of May until June 15. At this time, there is still a danger of night frosts or a drop in temperature below 12 degrees, so the beds need protection.

It is constructed using polyethylene film or agrofibre. During the daytime, plants open to enrich them with oxygen and receive sunlight, which are very important for normal vegetation.

At seedling method When growing greens, the timing of transferring seedlings to an open garden bed is taken into account.

As a rule, from the moment of planting in the spring until transplantation, 3-4 weeks pass. Keep young shoots in greenhouse conditions It’s not worth it, it disrupts the rhythm of plant development and reduces the formation of ovaries.

The most popular varieties

For planting in the Urals

Hybrid of parthenocarpic type with a growing season of 40-45 days. Fruit length up to 12 cm and weight up to 110 grams have excellent taste and high commercial qualities. The plant is resistant to cladosporiosis, downy mildew, and cucumber mosaic.

A bee-pollinated, early-ripening hybrid that produces fruits weighing up to 118 grams, length up to 15 cm. Its universal use and excellent taste have made the crop popular for use and planting in regions with difficult climatic conditions.

Features of Amur: self-regulating branching, intensive fruit formation, long term storage

Cold-resistant plant with long fruits up to 17 cm. The hybrid is resistant to downy mildew and cucumber mosaic. The type of flowering is predominantly female.

The hybrid is characterized good development side shoots even if planted in low light conditions.

To plant in the Moscow region

An early-ripening hybrid that produces fruits weighing up to 200 grams. The length of the greenery reaches 15-25 cm, the flesh is tender without any bitter aftertaste. The peculiarity of the variety is the absence of yellowness on overripe vegetables. Tolerance to fungal diseases and spider mites is noted.

The growing season lasts about 55 days. Zelentsy at the stage of maturity reach length 8-10 cm, weights – 100g. The whip grows up to 1.8 m and is highly branched. The culture is characterized by resistance to bacteriosis and downy mildew.

An ideal cucumber for pickling, the length of the fruit reaches 12-14 cm, weight - 100-120 grams. Harvesting can be planned 35-45 days after sprouts germinate above the soil surface.

Strong immunity is manifested in the plant’s resistance to fungal infections and pests.

A hybrid of universal use with a growing season of 46-50 days. On one vine, fruits weighing 120-125 grams. The composition of greens is rich ascorbic acid and sugar, which gives the taste interesting notes. The vegetable is suitable for consumption fresh and processed.

To plant in Ukraine

The plant can withstand heat, which is why the hybrid is incredibly popular in the southern part of Ukraine. The crop requires pollination; the ripening period allows harvesting to begin 45 days after emergence. Fetal weight within 90-110 grams.

The greens ripen quickly, their sizes are small, but they can be removed from the bush within a season average 1.8 kg. The variety is bee-pollinated, resistant to diseases and pests. Young shoots quickly adapt to a new environment when transplanted.

- a mid-season representative of cucumbers, producing generous harvests. The Nizhyn hybrid is tolerant to various diseases and is resistant to temperature changes.

The fruits retain their taste even when pickled. The greens are collected 47-60 days after the sprouts appear above the ground surface. Removed from one lash up to 1.2 kg of cucumbers.

The spreading lash does not need pinching, but the plant is quite demanding of moisture. Behind proper care gives gifts to the owners bountiful harvest, and most importantly early. The growing season lasts only 35 days. The weight of the greens reaches 120 g at length 12-13 cm.

The peculiarity of the hybrid is the absence of yellowness even in an overripe state.

Rules for planting cucumbers in open ground and a polycarbonate greenhouse

Cucumbers are planted in open beds after the night temperature has been established. not lower than 10 degrees. If you sow a seed in a greenhouse or greenhouse, the temperature conditions are milder.

Selecting seedlings for sowing in spring

If seedlings are grown independently, then the timing of sowing the variety should be taken into account. Early varieties disembark late March – early April. Mid-season and late greens are sown for seedlings, starting from April 15.

When choosing seedlings on the market, you should take into account the following factors:

the age of seedlings should not be older than 30-35 days;
stem height reaches 25-30 cm;
the length of the subcotyledonous knee does not exceed 5 cm, thickness from 0.6 to 1 cm;
white pimples (the beginnings of roots) are visible on the subcotyledon;
the number of formed sheets is 5-6, the diameter of the lower ones reaches 16-20 cm.

The root system of cucumbers is poorly developed, so there is a high probability of its damage during transplantation. In order not to injure the plant, many gardeners use it to sow and grow seedlings. peat or paper pots, from which there is no need to remove the shoot when transferring it to the garden bed.

Preparing the bed before growing

Cucumbers love light and fertile soil, so you need to start preparing by choosing a location.

It is preferable to place the beds from north to south, then there will be no problems with lighting. More suitable as soil food cow dung , the plant reacts very positively to it. In the fall, mullein is introduced into the plot in a rotted form (5-6 kg per 1 m2).

You can also enrich the soil immediately before planting by watering it with a tincture of manure (1 part organic matter to 5 parts water).

A good alternative to mullein is chicken droppings. Even less of it is used to prepare the tincture (1 part of litter to 20 parts of water). Complex mineral fertilizers are also suitable.

Most effective method growing cucumbers in open ground- This arrangement of warm beds with a height of at least 25 cm. An organic pillow will create favorable temperature for germination of seedlings and development of young shoots. You can harvest the crop 7-10 days earlier than usual.

Warm beds- the most effective way to grow cucumbers

Landing

The disembarkation is carried out in cloudy weather or evening hours , to Sun rays The transplanted shoots did not dry out. A few days before transplanting, the seedlings need to be watered abundantly and fed with fertilizers. This will help her quickly adapt to new conditions.

The holes on the site are planned at such a distance from each other that it is comfortable for the plants to develop and form vines. Each variety has specific sizes stem, they are taken into account when drawing up the diagram. Bush cucumbers are planted 5-6 plants per 1 m2, tall crops – 3-4 shoots per 1 m2.

Place the seedling into the prepared, moistened hole. along with the land lump. It is not worth deepening the subcotyledonous knee. The surface of the soil is not pressed down too much, so as not to damage the sensitive shoots of the roots.

Necessary care of seedlings after planting

You need to water the garden bed regularly in the evening (and preferably at about the same time).

The water temperature should not fall below 18 degrees. You need to direct the stream onto the soil between the rows; you should not spray the leaves. Before flowering begins, irrigation is carried out in moderation (1-2 times a week). The rates of liquid used increase during the fruiting period (from 1 liter to 3 liters).

It is recommended to carry out several times per season hilling. This procedure will allow the root system to better form and grow additional roots, which will make the plant more resistant to fungal diseases.

Loosening and weeding usually combined. At least 3-4 procedures will be required per season. Loosening enriches the soil with oxygen and prevents moisture stagnation. Weeding eliminates the thickening of the planting; weeds attract insects, create shade, which activates spores and harmful microorganisms, affecting cucumbers.

Correct formation cucumber lashes are one of the important conditions care

Caring for cucumber beds includes whip formation. This procedure is aimed at developing lateral shoots on which a large number of female flowers. To do this, pinch the central stem above 5-6 leaves.

Bushes need shaping mid-season and late varieties Zelentsov. Early ripening plants do not need to be pinched.

What mineral and organic fertilizers can be used

Fertilized bed with nutrients for preparatory stage does not provide everyone essential microelements developing shoot.

After emergence of seedlings, carry out root(once every 3 weeks) and foliar(weekly) feeding. Organic matter and mineral fertilizers are used as food.

For foliar treatments it is used solution based on manure or bird droppings. Root feeding provide for the use of the following means:

“Agricola 5 for cucumbers” - 1 tbsp. l. per bucket of water (3-4 liters per 1 m2);
“Energen” - 2 capsules per bucket of water (3 liters per 1 m2);
"Effecton-O" - 2 tbsp. l. per bucket of water (4 liters per 1 m2);
"Agricola Vegeta" - 2 tbsp. l. + nitrophoska 1 tbsp. l. per bucket of water (5 liters per 1 m2).

Agricola - for root

Errors

Some gardeners make mistakes when growing greens, which leads to lower yields.

Among the main ones:

usage low quality seeds(poor germination of seed, absence of ovaries is observed);
good filling of the soil before planting with fertilizers, which does not provide for further complementary feeding (this is a misconception, because the root system of cucumbers better accepts nutrition from weakly concentrated solutions, and an excess of microelements negatively affects the growing season);
growing large seedlings (you need to focus not on size, but on timing, they should not exceed 35 days);
oversaturation of the soil nitrogen fertilizers (this leads to rapid growth of tops and reduces the formation of ovaries);
use for irrigation cold water (the plant develops slowly, practically does not bloom);
lack of methods for forming a lash (pinching and removing side shoots is aimed at increasing the ovaries and providing sufficient nutrition for the whole plant).

Diseases, pests and good methods of control

Even with proper care, cucumber beds are not protected from the invasion of pests and diseases. Of course, the risk of damage to healthy, well-groomed plants is small, but the danger exists. Therefore it is important instant reaction on the part of gardeners when the first signs of a problem are detected.

The following diseases are considered dangerous to the crop.

It primarily affects foliage, spreading further along the stems and petioles. Recognized by its characteristic white spots. Treatment methods: removal from the garden and disposal of affected bushes, treatment of cucumbers with ground sulfur powder (3 g per 1 m2), spraying with a solution of colloidal sulfur (25 g of 0.3% sulfur per bucket of water).
(downy mildew) appears as yellow-green spots with a light coating on the top of the bush. The disease spreads quickly and can destroy an entire garden bed in a short period of time. Treatment methods: spraying with a milk solution (1 liter of milk and 10 drops of iodine per bucket of water), treating the crop with Bordeaux mixture.
affects all parts of the plant, forming mucus and a light coating. It is formed as a result of waterlogging, thickening of planting and temperature changes. Transmitted through soil and seeds. Control methods: regulation of the watering regime, disinfection of the beds with a solution of water (10 l), copper sulfate(2 g.) and urea (10 g.). Affected bushes need to be disposed of and replaced.
Root rot recognized by the weak development of the plant and its wilting, which occurs as a result of root rotting. The reasons may lie in high humidity, temperature changes, soil or seed contamination. Control methods: regulating watering, pruning affected areas of the plant, dusting the soil with crushed lime (up to 200 g per 1 m2).

No less dangerous to cucumbers are harmful insects:

melon aphid(if detected, spray with a solution of ash at the rate of 200 g per 10 liters of water + 50 g of grated laundry soap, use the drug “Inta-Vir”);
spider mite(periodic spraying with infusions will help onion peel or garlic);
ants(dust the soil with lime, move the nests outside the garden bed);
slugs(installation of traps for collecting pests, treatment with Metaldehyde);
whitefly(treatment with the drug "Inta-Vir").

The agricultural technology of cucumbers, although it has some peculiarities, is quite feasible for any owner. If there is a desire to experiment, then the test should be done on several bushes, and not on the entire bed. Then the future harvest will definitely be safe.

As any garden crop grows, it must be fed with nutrients. This is especially true for cucumbers cultivated on open garden bed. Regular nutrition will help plants resist diseases and weather vagaries. In the article we will look at how cucumbers are fertilized in open ground, what feeding methods and stages exist.

With appropriate nutrition, cucumbers also do well in open gardens.

Stages of fertilizing cucumbers at a summer cottage

Fertilizers for cucumbers grown in open garden beds are applied in several stages.

Types of fertilizers for cucumbers

Apart from pre-fertilizing the soil, fertilizing cucumbers can be divided into root and foliar.

Root feeding of cucumbers, as the name suggests, is done by introducing nutrient mixtures directly to the root system. This does not mean that you need to pour fertilizer directly onto the roots, digging holes. It is enough to shed the soil around the plant well, being careful not to touch the green mass in order to avoid chemical burns of the vines and leaves.

Foliar feeding, on the contrary, involves applying nutrients directly to the tops, and, if necessary, to the ovaries and even to the fruits. This fertilizing is carried out by irrigation or spraying. The nutrient solution for it should be less concentrated than for root watering.

Fertilizing cucumbers with mineral fertilizers

Periodic inspection of the plants will help determine what fertilizers cucumbers need. If the leaves have faded and the cucumber vines have drooped, then the plants urgently need food. Characteristic signs, indicating the need for feeding:

Cessation of growth, a bluish tint of young leaves indicates a lack of phosphorus.
Pale color of fruits and leaves, shortened and thickened fruits are symptoms of nitrogen deficiency.
Slow growth, pear-shaped cucumbers, and a light border along the edges of the leaves indicate potassium deficiency.
Powerful growth of green mass and slow development of ovaries are a sign of an excess of nitrogen.

Tip #1: The fertilizing solution should be warm, because cucumbers are very sensitive to cold. For mixing fertilizers, it is better to take hot water. During the cooking process, the liquid will cool to a temperature comfortable for the plant.

Application of organic fertilizers

The most effective organic fertilizer for an open cucumber bed is cow manure. The nutrients it contains provide complete nutrition, eliminating the need for additional fertilizers. Manure is applied in rotted form at the rate of 3-4 buckets per m² or used for irrigation in the form of a water infusion. To prepare mullein, take 1 part fresh manure to 10 parts water. Cucumbers are fed at the rate of 1 liter of the finished product per plant.

Chicken manure is sold dry in all gardening stores.

Cow manure can be replaced with chicken manure. Concentration active ingredients it is much higher, so before watering, chicken manure is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:20. The application dose is the same - 1 liter. for 1 plant.

Non-standard ways to feed cucumbers

Old proven methods of feeding cucumbers using natural fertilizers and the use of improvised means.

Irrigation with whey. This is not only an effective fertilizer for fruits, but also completely safe remedy fight against powdery mildew. Lactic acid bacteria suppress the growth of “competitors” without harming the plant. The whey obtained from the preparation of cottage cheese is poured into a spray bottle and sprayed aboveground part plants. With the same success, use diluted kefir, sour milk or yogurt (2 liters per bucket of water).
Treatment with onion peel infusion. Take a glass of raw material per 8 liters of water, bring to a boil, then leave for 3 hours. Plant leaves are irrigated to foliar feeding and disease prevention.
Fertilizing with an aqueous solution of ash. It is enough to take a glass of ash for a bucket of water. The resulting mixture is watered at the roots of the plants. This treatment can be carried out weekly throughout the entire growing season of cucumbers.
Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with soda. Before planting, cucumber seeds are soaked in a one percent soda solution for a day, washed with running water and dried. This simple procedure increases seed germination by 10% and significantly increases yield.
Spraying the tops with an infusion of rotted hay. This feeding prolongs the growing season of cucumbers and protects the vines from powdery mildew. The hay is soaked in a 1:1 ratio and left for two to three days. The resulting product is sprayed onto the plants 3 times with an interval of 7–8 days.

Ash can be applied to cucumbers either in dry form or as an aqueous solution.

Yeast as a fertilizer for open ground cucumbers has been used by gardeners not so long ago. This method is often perceived as something exotic, however, the results of yeast feeding are impressive. Cucumbers do not get sick, grow faster, the fruiting period begins 2 weeks earlier, the plants tolerate heat and cold precipitation well. Yeast contains B vitamins, proteins, amino acids, organic iron, microelements. Yeast feeding:

increases plant resistance to diseases and weather anomalies;
activates the rooting of seedlings;
stimulates the development of the root system, increasing the number of lateral roots by 10 times;
increases soil fertility, enriching it with phosphorus and nitrogen;
creates a prerequisite for the active reproduction of microorganisms in the soil, decomposing organic matter and improving the composition of the soil.

Another plus is significant savings on fertilizers.

For feeding, use briquetted or dry (necessarily not expired) yeast. Methods for preparing the infusion are given in the table:

Recipe No.	Ingredients	Infusion period	Method of application
	200 g of dry yeast and a teaspoon of sugar per 1 liter of slightly warmed water	2 hours	Dilute with water to 10 liters and water the plants at the root
	600 g of live briquetted yeast per bucket of warm water	24 hours	Dilute with water 1:5, use for root feeding when transplanting seedlings
	500 g fresh yeast, 500 g of chopped nettle in a bucket of warm water.	48 hours	Dilute in 50 liters of water, use for watering and foliar feeding

Nettle and yeast make an effective complex fertilizer

Tip #2: Yeast enriches the soil with nitrogen, but the fermentation process depletes potassium and calcium. In this regard, yeast feeding is used no more than three times, accompanied by the addition of ash, mineral fertilizers or eggshell extract.

The main mistakes of gardeners

Excessive feeding of cucumbers with urea.

Urea is a powerful fertilizer for any garden crops, the concentration of active substances in it is very high. Therefore, you should strictly follow the recommended dosage - no more than 50 g per bucket of settled water. If you overfeed cucumbers with urea solution, you can completely lose the harvest. Do not water the cucumber bed with urea in hot weather with bright sunshine. It is better to do this in the evening, preferably before rain. If the weather is dry, the soil should be watered thoroughly before fertilizing.

Horse manure as fertilizer.

Fresh horse dung You can’t put it under cucumbers! It contains a lot of ammonia, which is converted into nitrates in the soil. Cucumbers grown in such a bed become hazardous to health.

Frequently spraying cucumberssoda solution.

For correct use baking soda in the garden, you need to know the dilution proportions, dosage, and observe the plant treatment intervals. Excessive use of soda leads to a concentration of sodium bicarbonate in the soil. This negatively affects the presentation of cucumbers and the intensity of fruiting. A saturated soda solution can completely destroy the plant.

Fertilizing cucumbers with potassium chloride during the growing season.

Potassium fertilizers are necessary for the normal development of plants. However, cucumbers do not tolerate the chlorine contained in many nutritional mixtures. To minimize the risk of damage to plants, potassium chloride is added during the autumn digging of the bed. By spring, all chlorine is neutralized under the influence of snow and rain, leaving only necessary for plants potassium.

Potassium fertilizers help plants resist cold

The optimal source of potassium for an unprotected cucumber bed is potassium sulfate, otherwise potassium sulfate. It is a highly soluble grayish crystalline powder. The main thing is that it does not contain chlorine, so it can be added regardless of the growing season.

Answers to pressing questions from gardeners

Question No. 1: When sufficient watering cucumber vines wither, leaves lose turgor and sag. Additional soil moisture does not help. What is the reason?

There are signs of potassium deficiency. As potassium starvation intensifies, light green spots will appear on the leaves, which will soon become brown tint, similar to a burn mark. It is recommended to feed the cucumbers with potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium magnesium, and kalimag. It is permissible to use any complex fertilizer that contains potassium - nitrophoska, nitroammofoska, karboammofoska. The method of application and dosage are indicated on the packaging.

Question No. 2: What type of fertilizing (root or foliar) is more effective when using the open method of growing cucumbers?

Root feeding is good in hot weather. If the summer is warm, the root system of plants is sufficiently developed to respond to root fertilization. In cold and cloudy weather, plants are fed by spraying the leaves with nutrient solutions.

Question No. 3: What are green manure fertilizers? Can they be used on cucumbers?

Green manures are precursor plants, the green mass of which is used as organic fertilizer subsequent culture. Can be used as green manure fertilizer for cucumbers white mustard, oats, rye, oilseed radish. These crops are sown in beds freed up after harvesting. In autumn or spring they are dug up along with brilliant green.

Question No. 4: Despite observing all feeding periods, the cucumbers stopped developing. What is the reason?

This is how plants react to boron deficiency. Uogurtsov stops the growth point. It is recommended to add 2 g to each bucket of solution during the first feeding. boric acid.

Question No. 5: Why does applying fertilizers not give the desired effect?

It depends on the composition of the soil. In order for plants to absorb nutrients as much as possible, the soil must be neutral. Before applying fertilizers, acidic soils are treated with lime, ash, dolomite flour, and chalk.

Cucumber is the most demanding crop in terms of soil fertility. To form high yields of cucumber - 30-35 kg/m² and above, it is necessary to have, on the one hand, a large amount of nutrients in the soil, and, on the other hand, the cucumber cannot tolerate high concentrations of nutrients in the substrate. Therefore, to meet the plant's need for nutrients, they resort to fractional application of fertilizers.

Cucumbers planted in the ground consume a significant amount of nutrients to form a unit of yield, which are commensurate with the doses of fertilizers used. Per plant, 23 g of nitrogen, 14 g of phosphorus, 58 potassium, 19 calcium and 5 g of magnesium are consumed. Per 1 kg of fruit, plants use 2.64 g of nitrogen, 1.55 g of phosphorus, 6.60 g of potassium, 2 g of calcium. 19 and magnesium 0.57 g. Cucumber is characterized by an extended period of nutrient absorption. However, during the period of fruit formation, each cucumber plant consumes a lot of nitrogen daily - 0.6 g of N and potassium - up to 1 g of K 2 O, therefore, a lack of nutrients during this period sharply leads to a decrease in fruit yield.

In general, with a yield of 25-30 kg from every 1 m², cucumber produces up to 100 g of K2O, 55 g of CaO, 45 g of N, 25 g of P2O5 and 8 g of Mg. The maximum requirement of the crop for nutrients occurs during the period of fruit formation, because the main amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is contained in the fruits. This makes it clear why, with a lack of nutrients, the ovaries begin to fall off and the cucumber fruits take on an ugly shape. As for calcium, the main quantities of this element are concentrated in the leaves. The fruits contain significantly more magnesium than calcium. Therefore, you need to constantly ensure that there is a sufficient content of available nutrients in the soil.

2-3 days before planting in greenhouses, it is advisable to sprinkle the seedlings with a solution of microelements and feed them so that they can more easily survive stress and transplantation to a permanent place.

Gennady Vasyaev,
Associate Professor, Chief Specialist
Northwestern Scientific and Methodological Center of the Russian Agricultural Academy,
Olga Vasyaeva, amateur gardener

Autumn preparation for growing cucumbers in open ground

Spring preparation for growing cucumbers in open ground

Planting cucumbers in a greenhouse

warming up the seeds;
cooling;
adding seeds to pots.

Features of recharge various types soil

Important to remember

Fertilizers for cucumbers in open ground

cucumbers grow well in fertile soil. On soddy-podzolic soils, they should be planted in the second year after abundant application of organic fertilizers to the soil. During the short growing season, the crop needs to form a powerful leaf apparatus and a large number of fruits.

It is not recommended to plant cucumbers in fresh manure due to strong vegetation to the detriment of fruiting. Although fresh manure in a volume of 5-10 kg per 1 m2 can be applied under the predecessor or in the fall when digging the soil. Carbon dioxide, which is released during the decomposition of fresh manure, significantly improves the physical properties of the soil.

The main organic fertilizer for cucumbers can be considered semi-rotted manure, which is applied during spring digging of the soil, in rows when sowing seeds or in holes when planting seedlings. For these purposes, you can also use spent greenhouse soil, compost mixture, humus soil or well-decomposed peat.

Of the entire norm of fertilizers prescribed for cucumbers, two-thirds should be applied for digging, and the remaining part - along with pre-sowing loosening of the soil, in rows when sowing or in holes when planting seedlings, as well as in fertilizing. In all cases, complete mineral fertilizer is added to the organic fertilizer: 90 g of nitrophoska or 50 g of nitroammophoska.

Complete mineral fertilizer can be replaced with a mixture of simple fertilizers, taking 20 g of urea, double superphosphate or ammophos, 20 g of potassium sulfate or 30 g of potassium magnesia per 1 m2. On acidic soils, liming should be carried out (preferably under the previous crop) by adding 300-500 g of dolomite flour per 1 m2 of plot.

You can apply the following set of fertilizers to the crop: 3 kg of humus and peat, 2 kg of sawdust to loosen the soil, 30-40 g of superphosphate and 10-15 g of potassium salt per 1 m2 of land. Fertilizers must be evenly distributed over the area and embedded in the soil to a depth of 20 cm by digging.

If, when sowing, granular superphosphate (5 g per 1 m2) is added to the rows, you can quickly obtain early harvest cucumbers Powdered superphosphate must first be mixed with humus. Potassium fertilizers during spring tillage can be replaced with wood ash at the rate of 150-200 g per 1 m2.

Cucumbers in middle lane Russia is usually grown through seedlings, which are fed twice with mullein (1:8) or chicken manure (1:10). First time feeding liquid solution carried out 2 weeks after emergence.

The second feeding is given 2 days before planting seedlings, adding mullein or mullein solution per 10 liters bird droppings 15 g each ammonium nitrate and potassium sulfate and 20 g of superphosphate. The solution consumption is 1 cup per 2 plants.

After planting cucumbers in a permanent place in the ground, you need to fertilize every 10-15 days, combining them with watering. Before flowering, cucumbers primarily need nitrogen to promote stem growth and leaf formation. For nitrogen fertilizing, 1 liter of mullein or 10 g of urea is dissolved in 10 liters of water.

At the beginning of flowering when applying liquid fertilizer based on mullein, microfertilizers are added to the solution (1 tablet per 1 liter of solution). You can also prepare an aqueous solution consisting of 10 liters of water, 0.5 g of boric acid, 0.4 g of manganese sulfate and 0.1 g of zinc sulfate.

During the period of mass flowering, cucumbers have an increased need for phosphorus and potassium, and on sandy loam soils they often lack magnesium. Therefore, from the moment the buds form and throughout the entire flowering period, it is necessary to increase the feeding of the plants, using complete fertilizer. To do this, add 40 g of superphosphate, 10 g of potassium sulfate or 20 g of potassium magnesium to 10 liters of mullein solution. The solution consumption is 200-250 ml per plant.

For fertilizing, you can also use the following complex fertilizers: 25 g of nitroammophoska, “Stimul-1” or 30 g of garden fertilizer mixture with microelements, but without chlorine, per 10 liters of mullein solution. The solution consumption is 1 liter for 4-5 plants. If it is not possible to prepare a fertilizer solution based on mullein, the dose of mineral fertilizers should be increased by 1.5 times.

During the period of active fruiting and when it subsides, cucumbers need nitrogen-potassium fertilizers. Fertilizing with soluble complex fertilizer (20 g per 1 m2) has a good effect, especially useful on light soils where plants may lack magnesium.

If cloudy weather sets in for a long period of time during the cucumber growing season, you need to carry out foliar feeding with urea (20 g per 10 liters of water).

To extend the fruiting period, fertilizing with phosphorus will be required. Superphosphate can be applied before watering or rain, but it is best with irrigation water. If there is sufficient phosphorus supply, cucumbers benefit from fertilizing with potassium nitrate, which does not contain chlorine, which is bad for cucumbers. In the absence of complex fertilizer, you can use a mixture of simple fertilizers, diluting 10 g of urea and 10 g of potassium sulfate or 20 g of potassium magnesia in 10 liters of water and using the resulting amount of fertilizer per 1 m2 of soil.

All watering of cucumbers can be combined with the application wood ash- supplier of potassium and calcium (from 40 to 100 g of ash per 10 liters of water). Fertilizing with ash can also be done after rain.

Fertilizing with a week-old nettle infusion has a beneficial effect on cucumbers. The infusion should be diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 7 and the plants should be watered every other day.

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A non-seedling method of growing cucumbers

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Cucumber is a tasty and healthy vegetable, widely used for salads and canning. It is considered a rather capricious agricultural crop, so obtaining a rich harvest requires compliance with several rules for choosing a place for planting and fertilizing at various stages of cultivation. Adding fertilizers to the soil before planting cucumbers is the key to their rapid growth and active fruiting, so it’s worth paying attention Special attention preliminary preparation soil in the bed allocated for them.

Fertilizing cucumbers before planting allows you to get excellent harvests in the future.

Autumn preparation for growing cucumbers in open ground

There are different opinions regarding the method of feeding the soil before planting seeds, and each summer resident independently chooses which technologies to use to fertilize the land before planting vegetables. Most gardeners are of the opinion that it is best to fertilize the soil in an area intended for growing cucumbers in the fall, since it will take several months and a large amount of moisture to completely dissolve the mineral mixture used to saturate the soil with nutrients.

Top dressing for cucumber seedlings grown using the open method is prepared taking into account the square footage of the plot, based on the calculation that for each square meter future beds require 3-4 buckets of rotted manure, 3-4 cups of wood ash and 80-100 g of nitrophoska. In the fall, the mixture is evenly applied to the area, which in the spring needs to be dug up and covered with a 15-centimeter layer of black soil.

Quail manure is applied to the garden bed in the fall

Spring preparation for growing cucumbers in open ground

If it was not possible to fertilize the soil in the fall, in the spring, at least a week before planting the seeds, in the place of the future cucumber bed, you need to dig a ditch about 40 cm deep, fill it with rotted manure, and cover the top with a 16-centimeter layer of fertile soil, after which the soil needs to be leveled, form sides and cover with thick film.

Only old manure can be added to the soil, since fresh mullein contains highly concentrated urea and nitrogen, which can burn young cucumber shoots. When fertilizing the soil, it is important to follow the proportions recommended by farmers, since an excessive amount of droppings on the site can cause the formation of voids in cucumber fruits and a decrease in yield.

Rotted hay, fallen leaves or sawdust are excellent fertilizers that can replace manure and fully fertilize the soil when planting cucumbers. Any of these substances is introduced into the prepared groove, compacted and covered fertile soil, on which beds can already be formed.

In cases where it is not possible to fertilize the soil in advance before sowing cucumbers, 3-4 days before planting the seeds, the ground must be sprinkled with ash mixed with superphosphate in the proportion: 2 tablespoons of fertilizer per 1 cup of ash, after which one bucket of humus is applied to the soil. and rotten sawdust. Then the treated area is dug up and watered with 3-4 liters of humate solution prepared from 1 tbsp. spoons of concentrate of this fertilizer and 10 liters. water. This amount of fertilizing is enough to treat 1 square. meter of garden. After all manipulations, the soil is covered with a film to warm the earth.

In addition to replenishment made by gardeners themselves, ready-made complex fertilizers based on phosphorus and nitrogen, such as ammophos or diammophos, are also used. Due to their high mobility in the soil and easy solubility, phosphorus-nitrogen growth stimulants can be applied immediately before planting cucumbers.

Diammophos is suitable for fertilizing cucumbers before planting

Planting cucumbers in a greenhouse

Most often, cucumber seedlings with 4-5 true leaves are planted in greenhouses. Usually this number of leaves appears in the third week after the seeds hatch. Growing seedlings includes:

warming up the seeds;
moisturizing and fertilizing cucumber seeds;
cooling;
adding seeds to pots.

Seeds intended for growing seedlings are kept for a month in a warm room at a temperature not lower than +25° C, which will allow in the future to obtain uniform germination, earlier fruiting and a minimum amount of barren flowers. Before germination, heated cucumber seeds must be placed for an hour in a disinfectant solution made from 100 g of cool water and 30 g of garlic pulp.

After the destruction of pathogenic microbes, the seeds are placed for 12 hours in a cloth flap soaked in a nutrient solution, the preparation of which requires 1 tablespoon of water, 1 teaspoon of fine wood ash and the same amount of nitrophoska.

Then the grains are placed on a damp cloth, where they are kept for 2 days at a temperature of about +20 ° C. When the seeds have swollen and slightly hatched, they are transferred to the refrigerator for 24 hours. These manipulations allow you to harden future shoots. Note that the seeds of hybrid varieties of cucumbers do not require pre-sowing preparation.

To grow cucumber seedlings, use small containers 10-12 cm high filled with a nutritious soil mixture. This substance is obtained from 1 part of rotted sawdust, 2 parts of humus and 2 parts of peat. 10 l blanks for soil mixture fertilize with 1.5 tablespoons of nitrophoska and 2 tablespoons of wood ash. Place 1 sprouted seed in 1 pea. Seedlings are watered at least once a week. The presence of intense lighting is a prerequisite for the normal growth of cucumber seedlings.

Before planting cucumber seedlings, the ground must be disinfected with potassium permanganate and sprinkled with phosphate fertilizer

Seedlings can be planted in greenhouse soil 27-30 days after sowing. Immediately before planting, the sprout must be fertilized with a solution obtained by mixing 3 liters of water and 3 teaspoons of nitroammofoska or nitrophoska.

Cucumber shoots are planted in warm earth, previously watered with a weak solution of potassium permanganate and sprinkled with a teaspoon of any phosphate fertilizer. When planting between seedlings, it is necessary to maintain an interval of 30-35 cm. This distance is sufficient for the full growth of the cucumber root system.

Features of recharge of various types of soil

Fertilize depleted or clay soil you can use a mixture made from 5-6 kg of mullein, 30 g of superphosphate, 18 g of potassium magnesia and 50 g of nitroammophosphate, which can be replaced with 18 g of ammonium nitrate. All fertilizer components are thoroughly mixed and evenly applied to a planting area of 1 square meter. m. Also, before planting cucumbers, 5 g of granulated superphosphate is poured onto each meter of the bed.

For full development on sandy loam soil, cucumber sprouts require additional fertilizers in the form of magnesium, therefore, when planting seedlings and seeds on such soils, the soil is enriched with appropriate organic-mineral mixtures.

Calimagnesia - fertilizer for clayey and depleted soils

Important to remember

For planting cucumbers, it is better to choose slightly darkened ones. personal plots. The soil allocated for planting this crop should be thoroughly fertilized and heated with film. Seeds must be pre-soaked and subjected to disinfection treatment to avoid the development of various diseases.

Remember, cucumbers “love” phosphate and nitrogen fertilizers, as well as abundant watering.

Entry What fertilizers should be applied when planting cucumbers? SeloMoe appeared for the first time.

As any garden crop grows, it must be fed with nutrients. This is especially true for cucumbers cultivated in an open garden. Regular nutrition will help plants resist diseases and weather vagaries. In the article we will look at how cucumbers are fertilized in open ground, what feeding methods and stages exist.

With appropriate nutrition, cucumbers also do well in open gardens.

Stages of fertilizing cucumbers at a summer cottage

Fertilizers for cucumbers grown in open garden beds are applied in several stages.

Types of fertilizers for cucumbers

Apart from pre-fertilizing the soil, fertilizing cucumbers can be divided into root and foliar.

Fertilizing cucumbers with mineral fertilizers

Cessation of growth, a bluish tint of young leaves indicates a lack of phosphorus.
Pale color of fruits and leaves, shortened and thickened fruits are symptoms of nitrogen deficiency.
Slow growth, pear-shaped cucumbers, and a light border along the edges of the leaves indicate potassium deficiency.
Powerful growth of green mass and slow development of ovaries are a sign of an excess of nitrogen.

Tip #1: The fertilizing solution should be warm, because cucumbers are very sensitive to cold. It is better to use hot water to mix fertilizers. During the cooking process, the liquid will cool to a temperature comfortable for the plant.

Application of organic fertilizers

Chicken manure is sold dry in all gardening stores.

Cow manure can be replaced with chicken manure. The concentration of active ingredients in it is much higher, so before watering, chicken manure is diluted with water in proportions of 1:20. The application dose is the same - 1 liter. for 1 plant.

Non-standard ways to feed cucumbers

Old proven methods of feeding cucumbers using natural fertilizers and the use of improvised means are very popular among gardeners.

Irrigation with whey. This is not only an effective fertilizer for fruits, but also a completely safe means of combating powdery mildew. Lactic acid bacteria suppress the growth of “competitors” without harming the plant. The whey obtained from preparing cottage cheese is poured into a spray bottle and sprayed on the above-ground part of the plants. With the same success, diluted kefir, sour milk or yogurt (2 liters per bucket of water) are used.
Treatment with onion peel infusion. Take a glass of raw material per 8 liters of water, bring to a boil, then leave for 3 hours. Plant leaves are irrigated for foliar feeding and disease prevention.
Fertilizing with an aqueous solution of ash. It is enough to take a glass of ash for a bucket of water. The resulting mixture is watered at the roots of the plants. This treatment can be carried out weekly throughout the entire growing season of cucumbers.
Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with soda. Before planting, cucumber seeds are soaked in a one percent soda solution for a day, washed with running water and dried. This simple procedure increases seed germination by 10% and significantly increases yield.
Spraying the tops with an infusion of rotted hay. This feeding prolongs the growing season of cucumbers and protects the vines from powdery mildew. The hay is soaked in a 1:1 ratio and left for two to three days. The resulting product is sprayed onto the plants 3 times with an interval of 7–8 days.

Ash can be applied to cucumbers either in dry form or as an aqueous solution.

increases plant resistance to diseases and weather anomalies;
activates the rooting of seedlings;
stimulates the development of the root system, increasing the number of lateral roots by 10 times;
increases soil fertility, enriching it with phosphorus and nitrogen;
creates a prerequisite for the active reproduction of microorganisms in the soil, decomposing organic matter and improving the composition of the soil.

Another plus is significant savings on fertilizers.

For feeding, use briquetted or dry (necessarily not expired) yeast. Methods for preparing the infusion are given in the table:

Nettle and yeast make an effective complex fertilizer

Tip #2: Yeast enriches the soil with nitrogen, but the fermentation process depletes potassium and calcium. In this regard, yeast feeding is used no more than three times, accompanied by the addition of ash, mineral fertilizers or eggshell extract.

The main mistakes of gardeners

Excessive feeding of cucumbers with urea.

Urea is a powerful fertilizer for any garden crops; the concentration of active substances in it is very high. Therefore, you should strictly follow the recommended dosage - no more than 50 g per bucket of settled water. If you overfeed cucumbers with urea solution, you can completely lose the harvest. Do not water the cucumber bed with urea in hot weather with bright sunshine. It is better to do this in the evening, preferably before rain. If the weather is dry, the soil should be watered thoroughly before fertilizing.

Horse manure as fertilizer.

Fresh horse manure cannot be applied to cucumbers! It contains a lot of ammonia, which is converted into nitrates in the soil. Cucumbers grown in such a bed become hazardous to health.

Frequently spraying cucumberssoda solution.

To properly use baking soda in the garden, you need to know the dilution proportions, dosage, and observe the plant treatment intervals. Excessive use of soda leads to a concentration of sodium bicarbonate in the soil. This negatively affects the presentation of cucumbers and the intensity of fruiting. A saturated soda solution can completely destroy the plant.

Fertilizing cucumbers with potassium chloride during the growing season.

Potassium fertilizers are necessary for the normal development of plants. However, cucumbers do not tolerate the chlorine contained in many nutritional mixtures. To minimize the risk of damage to plants, potassium chloride is added during the autumn digging of the bed. By spring, all chlorine will be neutralized by snow and rain, leaving only the potassium needed by plants in the soil.

Potassium fertilizers help plants resist cold

Answers to pressing questions from gardeners

Question No. 1: With sufficient watering, cucumber vines wither, the leaves lose turgor and sag. Additional soil moisture does not help. What is the reason?

There are signs of potassium deficiency. As potassium starvation intensifies, light green spots will appear on the leaves, which will soon acquire a brown tint, similar to a burn mark. It is recommended to feed the cucumbers with potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium magnesium, and kalimag. It is permissible to use any complex fertilizer that contains potassium - nitrophoska, nitroammofoska, karboammofoska. The method of application and dosage are indicated on the packaging.

Question No. 2: What type of fertilizing (root or foliar) is more effective when using the open method of growing cucumbers?

Question No. 3: What are green manure fertilizers? Can they be used on cucumbers?

Green manures are predecessor plants, the green mass of which is used as organic fertilizer for the subsequent crop. White mustard, oats, rye, and oilseed radish can be used as green manure fertilizers for cucumbers. These crops are sown in beds freed up after harvesting. In autumn or spring they are dug up along with brilliant green.

Question No. 4: Despite observing all feeding periods, the cucumbers stopped developing. What is the reason?

This is how plants react to boron deficiency. Uogurtsov stops the growth point. It is recommended to add 2 g of boric acid to each bucket with a solution during the first feeding.

Question No. 5: Why does applying fertilizers not give the desired effect?

Cucumbers are a very tasty, aromatic and healthy vegetable crop for the human body. This vegetable is often added to salads and canned in order to enjoy it in winter period. The culture is quite capricious and requires regular care. For getting bountiful harvest It requires a lot of strength and patience from the gardener. However, there are several planting rules, the observance of which will greatly facilitate the cultivation of this vegetable. This is especially true for fertilizers.

Why do this?

In a short period of growing season, cucumbers need to achieve the formation of a powerful leaf apparatus and a large number of vegetables. This crop develops more actively when grown on fertile soil. With soddy-podzolic soil, it is recommended to plant cucumbers only in the third year, after organic fertilizer has been generously applied to the soil.

Planting cucumbers in fresh manure that has just been added to the soil is also not recommended, since strong vegetation will damage the germination of fruits. However, you can sprinkle five to ten kilograms of fresh manure per square meter when digging up the soil in the autumn. Eye-catching carbon dioxide in the process of decomposition of fresh manure, it has a positive effect on soil fertility.

Due to the fact that this vegetable crop does not like oversaturation minerals, fertilizers must be handled with extreme care. As a rule, the first fertilizing is carried out in the fall. This allows you to prepare the soil, saturating it with the main complex of useful and nutrients. The main feeding is carried out when planting plants in open ground. This is necessary so that the seedlings quickly adapt to the new land. Therefore, fertilizing the holes is important stage in growing such a capricious crop as cucumbers.

Also worth noting is the usefulness root fertilizer for cucumbers. If in your region summer period When the weather is warm, the root system of cucumber bushes will develop quickly and intensively. And fertilizing applied to the hole when planting seedlings will contribute to the formation of juicy and ripe cucumbers of the correct shape.

What fertilizers should I apply?

Adding fertilizer to the soil before planting cucumbers - required condition. This is the only way to grow healthy and healthy vegetables. This process must be approached carefully, preparing the soil for further planting of seedlings in advance. Gardeners and summer residents disagree about which method of soil preparation is most effective. IN in this case it is necessary to focus on your own experience and periodically experiment, noting positive results.

Most experienced gardeners agree that it is advisable to fertilize the soil in the autumn.

Mineral fertilizers, which are used to saturate the soil with useful microelements, give a positive effect only if there is plenty of moisture and after several months.

For intensive growth and development, cucumbers need regular nutrition with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It is worth noting that the latter is not contained in organic fertilizers, for example, in manure or droppings. Therefore, vegetable crops need the following fertilizers:

saltpeter;
sulfur fertilizer;
chloride fertilizing;
molybdate fertilizing.

In addition to potassium, onion peels are popular fertilizers for cucumbers. Both elements are introduced directly into the hole immediately before planting. Each of the listed fertilizers has certain application features. Let's look at them in more detail.

Onion peel

Before the cucumber seedlings are in the garden, it is recommended to prepare the holes. One of good decisions is the use of onion peels. As a rule, they store it from the beginning of winter, first drying it and putting it in a box. After this, reserves of onion peels are laid out in each hole intended for cucumber bushes, adding a small amount of humus. The resulting mass is stirred. Only after this procedure can you start planting cucumber seedlings. In this case, the plants need to be planted together with the soil that was in the cups with the seedlings.

The popularity of onion peels is largely due to its reusable use. In addition to directly adding to the garden bed, you can make an excellent decoction from the husks. The resulting liquid replaces water when watering the plant. After receiving the decoction, the onion peels are not thrown away, but dried and, as necessary, added to the wells of the cucumbers. Onion fertilizer is often called a biostimulator of fertility. Also she is quite good antiseptic helping in the fight against harmful bacteria and microorganisms.

Many gardeners note that the husks can be used as compost, as they repel certain types of insects that can cause the plant to die. By placing the peel next to the vegetable crop, you thereby create protection from pests that cannot tolerate the specific smell of onions.

If you decide to use onion peels without compost, it is recommended to pre-soak them for two hours. Only after this can you “fill” the beds with it.

Onion peels contain a whole range of nutrients useful for vegetable crops (vitamin C, E, PP, B, A). You can also note the presence of a large amount of phytoncide, which gives onions bactericidal properties, quercetin, which is a strong antioxidant, and beneficial organic acids (potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, manganese and iron). If you notice any insects feasting on the leaves of a cucumber bush, it is likely that spraying a warm infusion of onion skins will help get rid of the pest.

For cooking onion broth you will need two cups of onion peels and water. Pour onion peels into a deep container, then pour them required quantity water until the container is completely filled. Turn on the stove burner at medium power. Wait until the broth begins to boil. Remove the container from the stove, leaving the contents to steep for two to three hours. After the broth has cooled, it can be used to treat the plants. Apply fertilizer both to the leaves and directly to root system. The remaining broth can be used for compost.

Potassium

Determine what cucumbers need mineral fertilizing, quite simple. Plants with a mineral deficiency are characterized by darkening and curling of the leaves, and you may also notice small “burns” along the edges. The presence of these signs is a signal to immediately feed the cucumbers.

The presence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is extremely important for the successful growth and development of cucumbers. However, as mentioned earlier, potassium is not found in bird droppings or manure. This element can be obtained from sulfur and chloride nitrate, potassium molybdate. When using the listed fertilizers, the soil is saturated with other elements found in their composition. It is worth noting that potassium chloride must be placed in the soil only in the autumn. This will allow precipitation to wash away the chlorine contained in the composition, leaving the potassium needed by cucumbers.

Cucumbers are equally intolerant of both deficiency and excess of potassium. In the latter case, the leaves of the vegetable crop are chaotically colored in a yellowish-greenish tint. This also indicates a reduction in magnesium. The appearance of a light green edge on the leaves indicates that the cucumbers are in great need of potassium fertilizer.

If the gardener ignores the signs and does not fertilize, the leaves turn a bright yellow color and begin to curl inward. The lack of potassium has a slight effect on the growth of vegetable crops. However, the quantity of fruits and their quality are significantly reduced. When the lower leaves die, the disease is transmitted to the upper ones. Hot weather can speed up this process. As a result, the plant may die.

Being precocious appearance vegetable crop, cucumbers bloom and bear fruit much more intensively than others. You can grow them if you wish all year round. However, regular and careful monitoring will be required. necessary complex microelements missing from the plant.

Take your time to fertilize each cucumber bush. It is recommended to feed two or three plants to begin with. After two days, note the changes. Correctly applied fertilizer activates the growth of cucumbers.

Preparing potash fertilizer involves mixing several ingredients. This:

10 liters clean water(it is recommended to use rainwater if available);
200 grams of manure or bird droppings;
one teaspoon of superphosphate;
one teaspoon of potassium.

The resulting solution is poured into a garden watering can and each hole, prepared in advance for a cucumber bush, is watered abundantly. Adding this element to the soil is effective at high humidity levels. Therefore, it is advisable to do this before planting the seedlings in the holes. If the soil is not prepared for planting, it is recommended to fertilize it three to five times in the summer.

Today, there are a large number of recommendations for growing nightshade crops. Let's consider the most useful ones that have positive results in practice.

The optimal conditions for planting cucumbers in open ground are air temperatures from twenty-five to thirty degrees above zero. Indicators relative humidity should be at least seventy to eighty percent. If these indicators are ignored, seedlings planted in open ground may not take root and will soon die.
Don't forget that nightshade vegetables, including cucumbers, love warmth. Consequently, watering is carried out exclusively with water heated in the sun. By the way, when preparing fertilizer, the recipe of which requires the addition of water, it is also advisable to use warm water. Watering plants in open ground is carried out in the evening, when grown in a greenhouse - exclusively in the early morning. If there is insufficient moisture, the fruits will acquire a bitter taste.
Cucumbers have a negative attitude towards chlorine, which is often one of the ingredients in potash fertilizers. In order not to injure the plant with an element that is unpleasant for it, it is advisable to use products such as potassium salt and potassium magnesium when preparing mineral fertilizer. Their composition, as a rule, contains a minimal amount of chlorine, which is not capable of harming the plant.
Before planting, the hole is not only fed with the above-mentioned fertilizers in the form of onion peels or potassium, but also watered abundantly to moisten the soil. In order to ensure vegetable crop necessary supply of calcium, it is also recommended to put ground eggshells. After this, the hole is lightly sprinkled with earth. Then mineral fertilizers are applied and cucumber seedlings are planted. Surface covering of the soil with mulch will reduce the number of germinating weeds and improve the quality of the soil. Fresh mown grass, hay or straw are used as mulch.

See below for information on what to put in the hole when planting cucumbers.