Do-it-yourself sawdust concrete houses. The cheapest house is still made of concrete Building a house from concrete with your own hands

Concrete is building material consisting of crushed stone, sand, water and cement. Preparing concrete involves thoroughly mixing the ingredients and pouring it into containers, where subsequent hardening takes place. concrete mortar. For construction warm home Special fillers are added to the mixture to improve the quality of concrete. Concrete composition for building houses has many advantages, one of them is the ability to prepare a solution and build a structure with your own hands.

Pros and cons of a concrete house

When working with a concrete house, the following advantages are distinguished:

speed of installation;
reliability;
longevity;
high strength of the structure;
relatively low financial costs;
in a monolithic house there are no gaps through which the cold passes;
soundproofing the room;
the possibility of using any finishing material on top of concrete;
the possibility of constructing buildings with your own hands;
concrete has different geometric shapes, which simplifies the installation process;
when pouring the solution evenly, the formation of cracks is reduced;
the use of light mixtures in the composition does not require deepening the foundation.

DIY concrete houses have the following disadvantages:

need for additional equipment during work at height;
due to the metal reinforcement of the walls, the house will need grounding;
using Not removable formwork it is necessary to ensure ventilation of the room so that the house can breathe;
for welding the frame you will need high costs labor, which are also needed if possible;
warm house can only be after proper insulation;
if the design includes permanent formwork, polystyrene is used, and when burned it releases toxic substances that are harmful to human health.

Tools and materials for work

When constructing buildings and structures made of concrete, you cannot do without the following tools and equipment:

mixer for connecting concrete components;
mixing containers concrete mixture with your own hands;
reinforcement;
trolley for transferring solution;
construction hair dryer;
perforator;
knife for cutting foam;
various tools;
wire cutters;
roulette;
wire;
hammer;
sand;
fittings;
cement;
concrete mixer;
crushed stone;
formwork

Construction methods

The construction of concrete houses occurs in two ways: using removable formwork and non-removable formwork. The removable method involves individual planning of formwork, the purpose of which is to accurately replicate the contours of the future structure. Removable formwork is made of plastic, metal or wood. This method pours concrete mortar with minimal heat transfer, which allows heat energy to be retained in the room. The non-removable method makes the walls thin, but at the same time retains all its structural properties. This formwork has a thermal insulation layer and built-in reinforcement.

With permanent formwork

Permanent formwork for the foundation.

The permanent formwork method has the following types designs: corner, longitudinal, above the window, under the window. This method of building walls has inner layer thermal insulation, which allows you to save on heating costs. It simplifies the installation of the structure due to its lightness and creates various room configurations.

Thermal insulation of the material is especially important for buildings and structures, because its absence requires the construction of walls large thickness. The disadvantages include the formation of danger as a result of the release of toxins into the atmosphere, which appear during a fire in buildings.

Construction technology

The formwork is placed on a layer of waterproofing and fastened into grooves; this technology creates a strong pouring of concrete mortar, as a result of which there is no leakage of the mixture at the joints. When pouring the formwork, it is prohibited to use heated solutions; they can form condensation in large quantities, which will increase the humidity of the room. By using permanent formwork, a house with good layer thermal insulation, which will only require a coating polystyrene foam boards facing material.

With removable

Using removable formwork, methods for its insulation are chosen. One option is to insulate the gap warm plaster, the second method is the well façade. The well facade is a monolithic wall facing with brick, and the gap between them is sealed with insulation. Well façade – optimal solution with insulation, which provides the walls with breathable qualities. Thus, the house in summer time resistant to overheating and will keep the room cool, and in the cold season it will keep warm and resist freezing.

Construction technology

The technological process consists of pouring formwork in several stages. Begin laying the solution no more than 50 centimeters of concrete. Leave the mixture to dry, the next layer is applied after the previous one has completely hardened. After pouring the solution, it is compacted using a deep vibrator. Next, move the mold up after the solution has completely hardened.

The concrete mixture is laid until the required wall height is reached. To make the structure strong, reinforcing mesh is installed in the walls. The finishing of the walls and installation of thermal insulation material is carried out one and a half months after laying the concrete solution, waiting for the final strength of the structure. Thermal insulation material can be:

Styrofoam;
mineral wool;
warm plaster;
extruded polystyrene.

The removable form is made of wood, metal or plastic. When using a plywood sheet, it is cut with a fine-toothed file and drilled on both sides; this method prevents destruction of the coating. When plywood is stored at the bottom of the formwork, it is protected from moisture penetration onto its surface. So that dismantling the formwork does not cause difficulties, the plywood is covered special mixture and fix the fasteners on it.

Starting construction own home, the question invariably arises of what material to make the walls from. Typically, the materials for building houses were either wood or stone (brick, concrete and ceramic blocks). And when choosing, we were guided by the following - wooden houses warmer, lighter, they breathe, but they burn too well. Stone houses more durable, reliable, but too heavy and cold.

Scheme of foam concrete masonry.

Meanwhile, construction technologies do not stand still, and now many new building materials and new ways of constructing buildings have appeared. One of these innovations is the technology of monolithic construction of houses. It became the standard for construction in Lately, and is used in the construction modern houses, since the speed of work is several times higher than the speed of work using conventional methods.

With proper design of a series of windows, you can decorate any of the rooms in the house (bedroom, living room, nursery, kitchen or dining room, billiard room and other rooms). Eat important points, which should not be forgotten when making a bay window. Firstly, its presence should not affect the temperature in the room in winter, so heat leakage must be prevented. The second point is that on the south side of the house too much heat can penetrate through the bay window in the summer. If your bay window is located on the sunniest side, nothing will fits better than these blinds - http://xn—-7sbhaociizf7a6ap5n.xn--p1ai/zhaluzi-stavropol. Well, don’t forget that the most important function of these windows is to illuminate the room. This architectural design also has a disadvantage - a large window requires a lot of fabric to close it. But even this minus can be avoided if you decorate the interior in Japanese style or hi-tech. In this case, you can use rolled or screen canvases, which will fit perfectly into the design and prevent the penetration of excess light.

The construction itself is fundamentally different from the construction of houses made of timber, reinforced concrete products and bricks. A simplified construction of a building using this technology is as follows: directly on the foundation of the future house, formwork is installed along the contour of a wall or, for example, a column, where reinforcement is installed and concrete is poured. When the concrete has hardened, the formwork is dismantled, and a finished part of the wall or column is obtained.

Roughly speaking, poured houses are houses made of concrete covering a “skeleton” of reinforcing mesh.

There are two ways to build a house using this technology: by making the walls completely cast or by combining monolithic frame with walls made of hollow blocks. Of course, such a structure - complex design, its strength and stability depend on correct engineering calculations. When the house is made completely cast, the formwork is done around the perimeter of the entire house, leaving space for entrance and interior doors, and then (at the window level) for window openings.

New type of construction

Scheme of a wall made of poured foam concrete.

As usual, a foundation needs to be made for the building. Here we also do it, but again, depending on the soil, it must be made 20-30% wider and deeper than when building a brick house.

Now, to the reinforcement of the foundation frame at the corners and at the junctions of the partitions, you need to attach the following reinforcement frames with tying wire (making them above the pouring level) and fill them with concrete.

At combined construction columns of the required height (size 40x40 cm) are poured with concrete, at the ends of which protruding parts of the reinforcement are left to make the lintel frame. In this case, the jumpers (their size is also 40x40 cm) will seem to hang in the air, and it will turn out concrete frame. Gaps can be laid foam concrete blocks, brick or fill with sawdust concrete (the composition for filling the walls is prepared from a mixture of sawdust, cement and sand in a ratio of 1: 2: 6; practical builders recommend using large wood chips soaked in lime mortar instead of sawdust).

If we plan to build a second floor, then we continue to do everything in the same way, only with lintels on the window and doorways with a width of 40 cm, they will have a height of 20 cm. In terms of seismic resistance and bearing capacity such a design will comply with building codes.

Upon completion of this work, you can begin installing the roof and interior decoration premises. Concrete lintels allow the installation of floor slabs, as they are very durable. The outside of such a house requires decorative finishing.

Reasons for use

When determining the feasibility of using a technology for constructing a poured house, one should compare its advantages and disadvantages.

Heat block diagram.

Like any technology, monolithic housing construction has its problems. First of all, weather, creating some difficulties in production structural elements, especially when negative temperatures V winter time. The chemical activity of the water contained in the solution leads to hardening of the concrete. An increase in temperature increases the activity of water; as the temperature decreases, it decreases, which slows down the hardening process. During frost, water freezes and increases in volume, disrupting the structure of concrete and reducing its strength, and this, in turn, reduces the frost resistance and water resistance of the entire building. Therefore, it makes more sense to build a flooded house in the summer, when the air temperature is more stable.

This technology requires the involvement of professional craftsmen. Yes, and ourselves technological processes(installation of reinforcement, installation of formwork, pouring concrete) are very labor-intensive and expensive (when compared with masonry work). In addition, the process of pouring concrete is lengthy; it takes 28 days to completely harden. At the same time, the brick stands more expensive than concrete, especially since it is possible to reduce material costs using self-cooking concrete mixture. Hence the conclusion: the construction of a poured house will cost more than the construction wooden log house, but cheaper than erecting a classic brick structure.

Undeniable advantages

Using this technology, interior spaces can be planned without focusing on load-bearing walls, since the external walls are load-bearing. Can be done different heights ceiling in different rooms, use wide interior openings or arches, form any curvilinear shapes, which allows architects to create unique images of buildings. On monolithic walls There are practically no seams, hence the absence of problems with their sealing. As a result, increased sound insulation and dust resistance. Since the load-bearing frame is able to withstand various loads, it is possible to erect buildings of various heights and purposes.

Since concrete is good guide heat, flooded houses take a long time to warm up. Using external insulation, you can not only eliminate this problem, but also turn it into an advantage: by accumulating heat in your walls, it will cool for a long time and keep it cool in the summer. So far only adobe buildings had this ability.

To the advantages monolithic technology construction can be attributed to its durability (engineering calculations prove a 150-year service life) and the absence of risks of collapse due to the fact that the load is distributed evenly throughout the entire frame of the building. Among other things, concrete is non-toxic and safe for humans.

A concrete house is right choice, because it is much more durable and stronger than brick. However, it is necessary to distinguish between technologies for building houses from monolithic concrete and concrete blocks, since these, as they say, are two big differences. This article will focus on the first case, in which the structure is a single non-prefabricated frame, which can then be finished to improve the appearance.

Why is it worth building a monolithic concrete house?

Solid structures have a lot of advantages over prefabricated ones: higher reliability, longer service life, low heat transfer rates, and so on. Let's consider the advantages monolithic houses more details:

Reliability . Since a seam always has lower strength than the material it joins, it can be concluded that the fewer seams the better, and perfect option- when there are no seams at all. Such houses are very common in seismically active areas, for example, in Japan, where earthquakes occur almost every month, almost all houses, including multi-storey ones, are built using monolithic technology, so they can easily withstand even the strongest shocks. Also in places where they go fighting, monoliths are also quite popular, and Israel is a prime example of this. Good one-piece concrete house it can withstand a direct hit from a rocket, and although the glass will still be broken, at least you won’t have to rebuild it.
Long service life . If you build a house out of brick, it will undoubtedly last a long time. Your children, and even a few grandchildren, can live in it before it has to be completely renovated. But monolithic house made of concrete will give a roof over the heads of your grandchildren, great-grandchildren, and even great-great-grandchildren, which, of course, is very nice. The thing is that any structure wears out over time, but what quickly deteriorates is not the material itself from which it is built, but the seams connecting the blocks. For example, in brick house The layer between the bricks deteriorates very quickly, and after it they themselves begin to collapse. But since there are no seams in a monolithic house, the only thing that can deteriorate is the concrete itself, and as we know, it lasts a very long time.
These houses are warmer . The absence of seams avoids the presence of microcracks through which air passes, taking heat with it. In addition, these microcracks tend to diverge over time, as air currents erode their edges. This is not the case in monolithic houses, so they can be built even in areas where strong winds blow - there will be no draft.
Prospects . With the development of 3-D printing technologies, it has become possible to literally stamp houses using a 3-D printer. This does not require workers or complex building construction, and the procedure itself will only take a couple of days. Imagine how a huge self-propelled printer with a dozen tanks of liquid concrete arrives at the site of your future home and starts printing your house - fantastic! Of course, this is not yet technically feasible, but in the future, in 30-40 years, they will build this way.

Flaws

The main disadvantage of monolithic houses is high price . While 3-D printing technology residential buildings is very poorly developed and is capable of serving only the low-budget sector; monoliths have to be built manually. But the construction procedure monolithic house quite difficult and therefore requires highly qualified builders.

The most difficult thing here is the construction of the formwork into which liquid concrete. The fact is that if you install it incorrectly, then during filling it will simply break and all the concrete will spill out. This problem is especially acute in areas with soft soil, as it also contributes to its loosening.

Experienced construction workers have their own secrets on how to strengthen formwork, and that is why such workers are very expensive. Building a monolithic house on your own is far from the best idea, which is why there are relatively few such structures in our country.

The need to create high formwork . As already mentioned, the construction of solid concrete houses requires reliable scaffolding, which will not fall apart at the most crucial moment. Only an experienced team, which has already been involved in similar constructions many times, can design and build such floors. And of course, developing forests takes time.

Difficulty of installation concrete floors . The fact that concrete can break through the formwork is only part of the problem. In fact, quite often when it is built by unskilled workers, it breaks under its own weight.

High quality concrete required. Find good concrete- this is no longer an easy task, but this is the main thing when building an all-concrete house. After all, the service life of good and bad material can vary significantly (by 3-4 times). There is a widely known case when the Moscow Voentorg concrete store, built of concrete in 1912, became unsafe after only 80 years, although it should have stood for at least 250.

These 4 problems are the main obstacles to the popularization of concrete houses in our country, and it is because of them that only people with high incomes can afford the construction of monoliths. Therefore, if the budget does not allow, it is better to build from brick, as it will last longer than a low-quality concrete house built by cheap workers.

When starting to build your own home, the question invariably arises of what material to make the walls from. Typically, the materials for building houses were either wood or stone (brick, concrete and ceramic blocks). And when choosing, we were guided by the following - wooden houses are warmer, lighter, they breathe, but they burn too well. Stone houses are more durable, reliable, but too heavy and cold.

Meanwhile, construction technologies do not stand still, and now many new building materials and new ways of constructing buildings have appeared. One of these innovations is the technology of monolithic construction of houses. It is this that has become the construction standard in recent years, and is used in the construction of modern houses, since the speed of work is several times higher than the speed of work using conventional methods.

Recently, developers are increasingly giving preference to concrete as a material for building houses. This is not surprising, since concrete buildings are characterized by high strength and durability, and the construction process itself is quite simple. In this article we will look in detail at how to build a concrete house with your own hands.

General information

Before deciding to build a concrete house, you should familiarize yourself with all the advantages and disadvantages of such construction:

Advantages

Among the advantages of concrete buildings, the following points can be highlighted.

A concrete house is monolithic design , due to which it has good mechanical strength and also withstands seismic activity.
Construction can be done on any soil.
Concrete houses are built quickly.
Construction cost is relatively low.
It is possible to build a house of any configuration.
Concrete walls can be finished with any materials.
Possibility of a slab as a floor.
Concrete new building shrinks evenly.

Flaws

Of course, there are also disadvantages of such construction, however, there are not very many of them:

Requires certain equipment, such as a concrete mixer and an internal vibrator. If the house is being built on several floors, then a concrete pump will also be required.
During construction monolithic ceiling labor costs increase, as it is necessary to perform formwork and reinforcement.
Concrete has quite high level thermal conductivity, so the walls must be insulated before finishing.

Construction of a concrete house

Project

Construction must begin with the preparation of the project. Easiest to find finished project On the Internet, however, you can order it from specialized companies.

In this case, the project will be individual, complying with all your wishes. At the same time, companies perform a full calculation of the structure, including wall thickness, concrete grade, etc.

The main advantage individual project is that it can be unusual, capable of making your home stand out from the background of neighboring buildings. For example, house designs made of concrete and glass have recently become popular. Such buildings not only have interesting appearance, but also provide good illumination of the premises with sunlight.

Foundation

The construction of a house made of concrete, in fact, like any other construction, begins with the construction of a foundation. Since a concrete structure is heavy, it needs strong and reliable basis. Most often, a strip or pile-strip foundation is used.

The depth of the foundation must be greater than the freezing level of the soil.

Work begins with preparing the trenches:

First of all, the construction site is prepared and marked. To do this, stakes are driven into the corners of the future structure and ropes are pulled.
Then trenches are dug required sizes. Their width depends on the thickness of the walls.
Next, formwork is made from chipboard panels or wooden planks. The formwork must be securely fastened, so when installing it, spacers and lintels should be used. The formwork must be carried out taking into account the fact that the foundation should rise half a meter from the soil surface.
The next step is to lay the sand bed. To do this, the bottom of the trenches is covered with a layer of sand at least 15 cm thick and compacted well.
After laying the pillow, reinforcement is performed - this is a very important procedure, since the strength and durability of the structure depends on it. As a rule, foundation reinforcement is metal carcass, consisting of four reinforcement bars fastened together with steel wire.

At this point, the preparation of trenches for the foundation is completed. Now we need to make concrete, for one cubic meter the solution will need the following number of components:

Advice!
To improve the quality of concrete, plasticizers are added to the composition.
In addition, to give the material certain properties, special ones are used, for example, anti-frost, which allow construction works at sub-zero temperatures.

Instructions for preparing concrete are as follows:

First of all, you need to mix cement and sand.
Then water is added to the dry mixture.
The final step is to add coarse filler. The resulting mixture should be mixed well so that the solution is homogeneous with an even distribution of crushed stone.

Once the concrete is prepared, you can begin pouring the foundation. The procedure is performed evenly around the entire perimeter. It is advisable to fill the filling in one step.

After 28 days, it is necessary to carry out horizontal waterproofing of the foundation by laying two layers of roofing material on it. After this, the floor slabs are installed using a crane.

Walling

The principle of building walls is approximately the same as building a foundation. First of all, the formwork is erected.

It must be said that formwork can be of two types:

Removable;
Fixed, made of polystyrene or penoplex.

In the photo - permanent formwork

Simplicity and speed of installation, which saves time and effort. Installing formwork is reminiscent of assembling a Lego set.
Allows you to create any layout and configuration of premises in accordance with the requirements of the project.
Provides thermal insulation of the building, so there is no need to perform additional thermal insulation work.
The cost of formwork is not high.
Allows you to make walls thinner without damaging the structure.

Construction process concrete walls using permanent formwork looks like this:

First of all, it is necessary to correctly calculate and purchase formwork elements.
Then the formwork is installed on the prepared base and assembled from individual segments.
After installation of the formwork, work is carried out on laying pipes and other communications.
Next, a metal frame or reinforcement bars are installed in the formwork.
After this, the solution is prepared according to the scheme described above.
After all preparatory work filling is carried out. Daily norm filling is no more than 70 cm. Thus, this operation must be repeated until the formwork is completely filled.

After the walls are ready, floor slabs are laid and the roof is erected in accordance with the project. As mentioned above, concrete houses, made using permanent formwork, do not need insulation, so after their construction you can immediately begin finishing.

If construction is carried out using removable formwork, then for these purposes you will need boards about 50 mm thick, which are knocked together into panels. Otherwise, the process is the same as when using permanent formwork. The only thing is that after erecting the building box, it is necessary to perform insulation.

Note!
To prevent the formwork from bursting during the pouring process, metal ties should be placed in its lower part, secured with a bolted connection.

Conclusion

Building a house from reinforced concrete is quite simple, however, it is necessary to strictly adhere to design calculations and construction technology. The result of such work will be reliable and durable home. From the video in this article you can get Additional information on this topic.