Plastering the ceiling is an important stage in repairing the ceiling surface. Regardless of which design method is chosen (painting, wallpapering, whitewashing), you will first have to level the ceiling. For this purpose, purchased or self-prepared formulations are used.
How to plaster ceilings: with or without beacons
Plaster is usually not needed for plasterboard construction, slatted, suspended or suspended ceilings. Before starting work, remove the old finish, then prime the floor. But, if the ceiling is going to be painted, then the base base must be perfectly flat, since the paint will make defects on the surface even more noticeable.
Ceilings can be plastered using one of two technologies: with or without beacons. It is better to work with beacons to get a flat plane. But sometimes there are ceilings on which there are significant differences in height. On such surfaces, too thick a layer of the composition will fall off.
For such cases, professional craftsmen recommend installing plasterboard structures and then cover them with plaster. Drywall will level the ceiling, and you will have to spend less time on final finishing. However suspension system will reduce the height of the room. In this case, it is better to plaster the ceiling without beacons.
The main objective of the technology is to make the ceiling smooth in certain areas. Then the height differences will not be very noticeable, and the surface will look even. In this case, all work starts from the center of the room.
How to properly plaster ceilings: choosing a mixture
The procedure for preparing and applying the solution depends on which plaster for the ceiling is chosen. Each package is supplied with instructions indicating the exact proportions for diluting the mixture.
Suitable for plastering concrete ceilings. The advantages of such compositions are strength and long service life. In addition to performing the main function of leveling the plane, cement plaster is a universal material that is used for interior and exterior work.
Buyers are wary of the myth that cement-based mixtures crack after drying. In fact, this is a misconception. Cracks on the surface appear as a result of violations of the technology of work and preparation of plaster:
- if the proportions of the components are not met. Cement is a material that is sensitive to sudden changes in temperature and humidity. As the cement dries, it shrinks. To prevent this from happening, fine sand is added to modern compositions. Fillers make the plaster dense, so as the mixture hardens, the stress on the plaster layer becomes less;
- forced drying will negatively affect the plastered surface. Cannot be used to speed up drying construction hair dryer, fan or other equipment. This will cause the outside layer of plaster to become crusty, but the inside will remain damp.
Used for plastering ceilings made of wood or plasterboard. The result is a smooth and even surface.
Such compositions have the following advantages:
- dry quickly compared to cement analogues. It takes 3-4 hours for the layer to dry completely;
- adheres well to the ceiling surface;
- absorb excess moisture, do not give it back;
- Gypsum mixtures include quartz, perlite or lime sand. These additives give the composition beneficial properties, improve the quality of work.
Since the material dries quickly, work with gypsum plaster You also need to quickly, and dilute the amount of mixture that can be produced in one go.
Used for plastering clay ceilings and concrete floors. The advantages include:
- the solution can be prepared independently from natural clay, which will reduce the cost of finishing;
- the material is environmentally friendly and safe for health;
- resistance to sudden temperature changes;
- The property of clay to quickly recover allows you to repair a damaged section of the ceiling without replacing the entire coating.
Modern purchased formulations
According to professional craftsmen, high quality differ the following types plaster:
- Knauf Rotband based on gypsum is used for finishing smooth ceiling and wall surfaces;
- Knauf Sevener - cement plaster with polymer additives is used to restore old plastered surfaces. Suitable for exterior decoration;
- Bergauf Bau Interuer on cement based with perlite fillers used for finishing rooms with normal level humidity;
- Volma-Holst – gypsum mixture for interior decoration rooms with normal humidity.
If you have not previously had experience working with plaster, when choosing a composition, take into account the time for complete hardening of the diluted mixture. During this period it is necessary to completely develop the solution. Of the listed types, Volma freezes longer, and Knauf freezes faster than the others.
Any coating that is applied to a floor slab is a multilayer composition. In this case, each layer must be made with high quality. Otherwise, the result of all the work will suffer.
The putty mixture will adhere better to the concrete floor if the ceiling is treated with a primer before applying the composition. Painting will also be faster and easier if you prime plaster ceilings. This will not only improve the adhesion of the two materials, but also the paint will lie smoother.
Another plus for the primer mixture is that it provides strength. decorative covering. Especially if the materials are prone to cracking and shedding.
There is also a primer that prevents the appearance and development of mold on the ceiling surface. The bactericidal components included in this primer make the ceiling safe for humans.
Conventionally, primer compositions are divided into three types:
- deep penetration, penetrating deep into the material being processed. For example, "Ceresit";
- strengthening. The adhesive components included in the primer prevent cracking and shedding of surfaces. The disadvantage of this type is that the composition is not recommended for treating hard and dense surfaces, since after drying it forms a polymer film, which peels off and falls off along with the finishing material. But for loose ceilings this the view is suitable better than others;
- general purpose, improving adhesion decorative layers materials with a base. Such compositions are used when preparing the ceiling surface for painting.
How to plaster a ceiling: sealing rusts
To seal seams, it is better to use gypsum-based plaster, which sets quickly, is plastic, and pliable in work. Dilute the dry mixture to a homogeneous consistency, break up any lumps. Remove the old finish from the ceiling, embroider the rustics using construction tools (chisels, drills or hammer drills), remove dust and excess debris from the recesses, and clean the joints with a wire brush. Prime the rustication with a deep penetration compound and proceed to sealing:
- Fill too deep rusts with polyurethane foam, wait until it dries, remove excess parts with a knife;
- Apply a small amount of plaster to the ceiling using a small spatula. The strokes should be gentle with light pressure so that the solution fills the space between the floor slabs;
- Remove excess mortar with a spatula in the direction along the rustication. If you work across, indentations are formed, which will become more pronounced after the mixture hardens;
- simultaneously correct other surface defects;
- After the solution has set, reinforce the joints with sickle mesh. The junction of adjacent slabs should be in the middle of the tape;
- coat the mesh with a layer of solution 3-5 mm thick.
If the work is done correctly, the result will be smooth and smooth ceiling with missing seams between floor slabs.
Plastering the ceiling with your own hands will be easy and quick if you properly prepare the ceiling for work.
Surface preparation
Before applying the plaster mixture, the ceiling surface is first primed. For concrete floors, one coat of primer is sufficient. The composition will remove dust from the ceiling and create an adhesive layer for the plaster layer. If there are joints between the floor slabs, first work with them, only then proceed to leveling the ceiling plane.
If work will be carried out on painted or whitewashed ceilings, the old finish is washed away with a soap solution and removed with a spatula. After this, prime with two layers of primer. The drying time for each layer is 1-1.5 hours. The composition must dry well before plastering the ceiling.
When the surface is primed, evaluate the unevenness on the ceiling using a tape measure, applying measuring device alternately to all areas to find the lowest point. Beacons will be displayed from it on plaster or alabaster.
Lighthouses are perforated strips with a protruding back. It serves as the basis for leveling the plaster mixture. Before you start plastering the ceiling with your own hands, install beacons:
- First, markings are applied to the ceiling. The first beacon is installed 30 cm from the wall, the next ones - in increments of 120-130 cm;
- As each beacon is placed, accuracy is immediately checked using a building level. The resulting indicator is transferred to opposite walls;
- Screws are screwed into the walls and a nylon thread is pulled, along which the alignment is done;
- When the beacons are placed, they wait for the solution to completely harden and begin to plaster the ceiling.
To get a smooth surface, use a spatula and a falcon. Using a second tool, the mixture is thrown onto the ceiling. The algorithm of actions will be as follows:
- dry plaster is diluted with water so that the consistency of the composition resembles thick sour cream;
- Apply the prepared solution to the ceiling by throwing or dabbing. Choose the option that is easier and more convenient to work with;
- It is better to apply the composition in strips of 50-60 cm, gradually filling the space between adjacent beacons;
- Then the rule is established on the beacons, the mixture is leveled with a tool. To ensure that the plaster adheres more closely to the ceiling, the rule is to slightly rock it;
- the solution that remains on the instrument is removed with a spatula;
- check the area for evenness. If there are defects and depressions, add the mixture;
- leave the surface to dry for 5-8 hours.
If ceilings are plastered wooden house, a special metal mesh with cell sizes of 10x10 cm is attached to the ceiling surface or two-layer shingles are stuffed, deepening the nail heads into the wooden slats. This is necessary to prevent the mixture from cracking after hardening. The plaster is applied in two layers, each carefully leveled with a spatula and dried.
The rusts formed after removing the beacons are filled with the same composition that was used for plastering. The rule for work is no longer needed; level the ceiling with a wide spatula. All that remains is to wait for the surface to dry completely. This will take 5-7 days.
Plastering the ceiling with your own hands - simple process, but requiring accuracy and quality materials. At the same time, not a single stage of work should be left without attention. Only then will the plastered ceilings be even and smooth, ready for further finishing.
Video on the topic
How to repair a ceiling? This question is often asked by owners of houses and apartments who plan to renovate their premises on their own. There are a lot of finishing methods, so choose suitable option difficult. The ceiling finishing problem can be solved by installing suspended structure or installation stretch ceiling. If you do not want the ceiling height to become smaller, it is best to give preference to traditional technologies.
Of course, plastering work today is not chosen as often as it was before, and there are several reasons for this.
- Finishing the ceiling is a rather complex process. A person who has no experience in construction industry and has not been trained and is unable to perform quality work. But even a novice builder can install a plasterboard ceiling, although the quality of the installation remains in doubt.
- Plastering the ceiling is one of the jobs that can be called dirty. Craftsmen use when finishing liquid solutions. When applied to a surface, splashes can stain clothing, hands and face. The solution often ends up on the floor and walls.
- Some houses have very uneven ceilings. If the height difference is large, then be prepared for high costs for leveling materials.
- You can do all the work on your own, but if you don’t have the skills, you can’t do without the help of specialists.
What to pay attention to
Plastering a ceiling is a renovation process consisting of a number of stages. If you do not want to be disappointed as a result of plastering work, then you must take into account all the nuances. Preparation is very important, and the plastering process itself must be carried out in strict accordance with technology.
Start by carefully inspecting the ceiling. You must choose the optimal repair method, taking into account the recommendations of specialists. Please pay attention to the following points.
- If the ceiling is uneven, the height differences at different points are more than 5 mm, then it is better to choose putty rather than plaster. The fact is that plastering such a surface will require large financial costs.
- If the height difference is more significant, for example, when the difference between two points reaches 5 cm, you should not choose plastering. The easiest way is to choose tension structure or install a suspended ceiling.
If you examine the ceilings in rooms, most often a small difference is recorded. It makes sense to use plaster if it is from 2 to 5 cm. Remember that plastering is a rather complex process. As the layer thickness increases, you will have to spend more time and effort on the work.
How to prepare a ceiling for plastering
The easiest way to make repairs is if you bought a room in a newly built house. Plaster reinforced concrete slab in a new building you can do it in a short period of time. But most often situations arise when it is necessary to repair the ceiling after numerous paintings.
Plaster prices
plaster
The work is complicated by the fact that in most cases you have to deal with mold and large differences. In addition, to form a smooth ceiling, it is necessary to remove deep cracks that can often be observed between the slabs. It is impossible to make the ceiling level if you see that the old plaster has chipped or is crumbling. All of the above shortcomings need to be eliminated; only after that does it make sense to begin repair work.
Table. Removing old plaster.
| Steps, illustrations | Description of actions |
|---|---|
| First you need to wet the ceiling well with water. Once done, wait 2 or 3 hours and then wet again. This method is very effective. Firstly, you will remove dust from the surface and it will be comfortable to work with. Secondly, the old plaster will soften well. |
| Take a hard spatula and use it to remove the old plaster, carefully scraping it off the surface. Remove the plaster until the concrete floor appears. If the plaster does not come off easily, use a hammer drill. Special attention pay attention to the seams between the plates. |
| Rinse the ceiling thoroughly. This can be done with a sponge, which must first be moistened in water. This will effectively remove dust remaining from lime or cement. |
| Allow time for the ceiling to dry. Buy an antiseptic solution and apply it to the surface - this will remove the fungus and prevent the appearance of mold. The antiseptic should be poured into a separate container. To apply it to a surface, buy foam roller. When renovating, many property owners apply antiseptic only to the affected areas. But experts recommend treating the entire ceiling with an antiseptic solution. The cost of purchasing an antiseptic is minimal, and the effect of its use is long-lasting. It is best to use an antiseptic primer. |
| After applying the antiseptic solution, wait until the ceiling is completely dry. After this, apply primer. Choose one that penetrates deep into the pores. This material has excellent adhesion, significantly strengthening the surface. |
How to choose the right materials
Modern plastering methods have nothing in common with the old ones used previously. Back then, builders preferred mixtures of sand and lime. It was difficult to work with such solutions; labor costs were very high. Only experienced craftsmen could plaster the ceiling with high quality.
Nowadays everything has changed. Manufacturers offer gypsum solutions that have significant advantages.
- Such plaster solutions rarely form cracks and are not afraid of shrinkage of the building.
- It doesn't matter what surface you are going to apply the plaster on. Adhesion is strong, this is very important if a beginner is doing plastering.
- The material is environmentally friendly and has no impact on health. You can safely use gypsum solutions when repairing the ceiling in a children's room.
Primer and gypsum plaster for interior work "Knauf Rotband"
You can buy the solution in a specialized store, the prices for the products are affordable. All mixtures are supplied to the market already finished form, you just need to add water, observing the proportion.
Prices for Knauf Rotband plaster
plaster "Knauf Rotband"
Table. Composition of various plastering solutions.
How to install beacons
To ensure that the surface is perfectly smooth, install special beacons. With their help you can easily determine horizontality. It is the installation of profiles that guarantees that the ceiling will be without changes and the quality of the surface will be high. Today you will find perforated metal profiles on sale.
The installation of beacons is carried out in stages.
First, determine where in the room the ceiling is lowest. Measure the height carefully to find out the distance from the floor to the ceiling. Determine the lowest angle - this will be the starting point. Install a laser level and use it to determine the horizontal line.
After this, install the profiles; they need to be placed on the ceiling near the walls, mounted on opposite sides. Use gypsum plaster to secure the profiles in place. It is best applied with slaps. Wait a little, and then pull the thread between the two profiles. Make several rows - this way you will get a new plane.
The next step consists of installing intermediate beacons. They need to be mounted with a certain pitch (from 20 cm to 180 cm). Many people are interested in why it is necessary to set aside no more than 180 cm? The fact is that the largest rule comes in a length of 2 meters. The remaining 20 cm can be considered a reserve. This way you can easily cover the distance between two lighthouses located next door.
How to apply the solution to the surface
Buy ready-made mixture. Add water to it, following the manufacturer's instructions. Please note that it is the mixture that is added to the water, and not vice versa. It is recommended to use a special construction mixer to stir the mixture. If you don’t have one, you can take a regular drill, but in this case you will need a mixer attachment.
The plastering solution should be applied to the space between the beacons. The easiest way to work is with a spatula; choose a product of medium length. Repeat the procedure as many times as necessary until the surface is completely filled. It is recommended to ensure that there is a slight excess of leveling material. It is very good when it protrudes a little beyond the beacons. Subsequently, you can remove the excess using the rule. To do this, move it in a zigzag manner, moving it towards you.
You should not make a layer thicker than 2 cm. If the height difference is more pronounced, then it is best to apply the mixture in 2 layers. After you apply the first coat, wait. The plaster must be completely dry. Only after this can you begin to re-apply the solution.
If you want to increase the strength of the plaster and ensure that it does not peel off, then you need to put a mesh between the layers. It is placed after applying the first layer of solution, without waiting for it to dry.
When laying synthetic mesh, pay attention to the junction of two strips. Place the material so that an overlap of 10 cm wide is formed.
Then, when the solution dries, remove the beacons, and fill the voids remaining in their place with the same solution.
Leveling the surface
After the gypsum solution has dried, you can begin the final stage. It consists of carefully polishing the ceiling, without which the surface will not be perfectly flat. After this, you need to apply another type of plaster, which is called finishing.
This material is consumed minimally, because the mixture must be applied in a very thin layer. To level the surface, use sandpaper. Buy sheets with a fine fraction; the grinding process will not require much effort. Cover the finished ceiling with primer.
Prices for finishing plaster
finishing plaster
What to pay attention to
Many craftsmen suggest using Venetian plaster to decorate the ceiling. But the mixture should not be used for finishing surfaces in the toilet and bathroom. The fact is that if even a small amount of water gets in, such plaster will be damaged. The coating will have to be completely redone.
Prices for Venetian plaster
Video - How to plaster a ceiling correctly
Ceiling finishing can be done in several ways, as partially indicated by the name of the type of ceiling: suspended, main, tension, panel, plaster, plasterboard. If we talk about the plaster surface, then it is prepared either for wallpapering or painting. Let's take a step-by-step look at the entire technology for leveling the ceiling with plaster.
Tools you will need for work:
- stainless steel trowel, rule and falcon;
- several plastic buckets;
- 800 W drill with mixer attachment;
- grout, trowel and plaster comb;
- pick and spatulas different widths from 5 to 20 cm.
1. The truth about dismantling old layers of the ceiling
Working with old layers of the ceiling takes up almost a third of all plastering work. It’s good if you are renovating the ceiling in your apartment, because you know the number of layers and their composition. But when dismantling an old house, it happens that wallpaper was once glued onto the paint, and then paint or plaster was applied. In these situations, only patience and knowledge of how and how best to remove a layer covered with different materials will help (Table 1).
The standard dismantling process involves removing the unnecessary coating with an old trowel, which should be sharpened, right down to the floor slab. Do not take a new spatula, because it will become unusable. If you only want to remove old plaster/putty, then quick removal layer, periodically wet the surface with a brush or roller. Let us immediately note that dismantling one ceiling is impossible without cleaning the walls at least 2 cm down from it.
| Layer composition | Layer removal method |
| Water-dispersion paints/enamels |
|
| Lime whitewash | The whitewash must be removed, since the adhesion of the primer and putty will be difficult, which can lead to bubbles and even the material falling off. The whitewash must be soaked and removed with the same spatula. The more layers of whitewash there were, the more difficult it was to remove it. Often one layer of whitewash is removed briefly. If you see a rough ceiling, then put the spatula aside and take a damp sponge, which you can use to clean the ceiling |
| Plastering on rustic surfaces, in corners and near heating pipes | All curved surfaces must be tediously knocked down with a spatula, and the joints of the floor slabs must be tapped and embroidered. Remember that knocking down unevenness of floor slabs and other load-bearing structures forbidden |
| Fungus (growths or brown-green patches of mold) | It is best to clean the ceiling from fungus using products from PUFAS or Tikkurila (namely the “Homeenpoisto” solution). It is enough to spray the product with an aerosol and wait half an hour, then rinse off |
2. What is the essence of the preparatory work?
Carefully prime corners, embroidered rustications, pipe areas using Knauf primer for concrete surfaces “Betokontakt”. Fill the places where there are potholes with a mixture of “Spachtelmasse” or “Uniflor” from Knauf. If such areas are small, then do not buy excess material, but use Rotband plaster.
Before covering the rustications with serpyanka, they are filled with tow impregnated with Rotband gypsum plaster, or polyurethane foam. If the cracks between the floor slabs are wide, then a cellular glass mesh (“spider web”) 2*2mm is applicable, which, due to its loose structure, will prevent cracks from appearing. For new buildings, such ceilings are irrelevant, since the house will shrink more than once.
You need to fix the glass canvas or serpyanka on the Rotband, pressing it with a spatula. The excess should be removed and rubbed with the same tool, achieving a smooth surface.
3. Why do you need to install beacons?
Do you still think that you have flat ceiling? Apply the rule and you will see the opposite. But you can make a flat ceiling yourself. Putty will fit well on the ceiling if the difference is no more than 3 cm. With a larger difference, the minimum and maximum point it is better to use floor slabs plasterboard sheets. To level the ceiling on which the plaster will be applied, beacons are used.
Some craftsmen are used to being guided by the level of the floor if it is crooked. But it’s better to do everything right at once, namely, use a water level, or better yet, a laser level. A line you drew will appear along the perimeter of the room, along which you need to hammer in the dowels and tighten the fishing line. Place the beacons along a fishing line or buy profile beacons made of plastic or metal, the length of which is up to 3 m, and the height is 0.6 and 1 cm. Installation of beacons-profiles is done in increments of minus 2 cm from the length of the rule.
4. Applying primer to the base
After all leveling layers have completely dried, the ceiling is carefully sanded with a special machine several times. We use the same primer “Betokontakt”, the consumption of which may be more than what is written on the package. The more thoroughly you prime the surface, the better the plaster will lay down; surfaces are treated with a roller, and uneven areas with a brush. The primer hardening time is up to 8 hours. Many people begin to putty the surface without taking the necessary break. But such nuances are important - the putty can peel off separate area.
5. How and how to level the ceiling: features of plaster mixtures from different companies and process technology
Plasters from Knauf are in demand due to their high German quality. There are two main blends: Rotband and Fugenfuller. The first must be used for a tent no more than 5 cm thick, and the second for a layer no more than 1-2 cm. If there is too much layer on a wooden ceiling or with thick rustications, it is imperative to reinforce it metal mesh, which is rigidly attached to the ceiling with dowels, no more than a third of the layer thickness.
Features of repairs with Rotband mixtures there is something minimum layer equal to 5 mm, maximum - 3 cm. Kneading occurs several times. First, pour water into an 18 liter bucket and gradually add up to 7 pcs. dry plaster trowels, mix with a drill and a mixing attachment until smooth. If necessary, add more mixture/water and let the solution sit for up to 5 minutes, stir. Under no circumstances should you add the mixture/water after you have completely mixed the solution, because the components will react and changing the proportion will upset the balance.
If the ceiling will be painted or wallpapered, then apply the plaster in the following sequence:
- On the rough base, wait 15 minutes.
- We moisten it generously with water and rub it with a hard grater to level out the indentations left by the spatula.
- We wait until a matte structure appears, and then we treat the ceiling again with a trowel (stainless steel grater) or a spatula. Let the ceiling dry and it is ready for painting or polystyrene tiles.
If you want to achieve a glossy ceiling structure, then moisten the plaster generously with water and sand it, but not earlier than 3 hours after the mixture was mixed for the first time. For a perfectly flat surface, you should plaster the ceiling several times (2-3) with the finishing mixture.
Features of repairs with Fugenfuller mixtures there is that the minimum layer is 0.15 mm and the maximum is 5 mm. We knead in the same way as Rotband so that dry islands appear, but with a calculation of up to 2.5 kg per 2 liters of water. The holding time is up to 3 minutes, after which nothing can be added at seven. The putty hardens quickly in up to 30 minutes, so work quickly.
Any other mixture is also suitable for leveling the ceiling, but remember that it must be applied no later than 20 minutes after mixing. Otherwise it will harden to stone. Try to wash buckets and spatulas immediately, you don’t want to throw them away. Remember that the mixture is always applied to the ceiling not from yourself, but towards yourself. The thickness of the plaster layer does not exceed 2 cm, since we will level it with the rule also in our direction. Irregularities in hard-to-reach places are removed with a narrow spatula.
Every master knows that putty adheres to the ceiling when certain conditions: warm room without drafts with high humidity. If you do not provide these conditions, the plaster will dry out externally, but then it may crumble, because... Didn't stick to the ceiling enough.
Most last layer is aligned so that the rule is located “towards you” with a straight, and not beveled, side. So it does not pull out the solution, but rips it off. The method is called “scraping”.
6. How is fiberglass reinforcement done?
You can reinforce the entire area of the ceiling, if it is problematic, or only the areas under the rustications. The fiberglass must be cut so that it covers the rustications, and add 1.5 cm to each side. To find the rustications, mark their location in advance with a pencil. All the same, your marks will not be visible under the final layer. Fiberglass is attached to a fresh layer, after which it must be pressed with a spatula.
Apply a finishing putty, for example Vetonit LR, to the Rotband or Fugenfuller layer. During all work, constantly clean your tool.
Ceilings for painting must be perfectly smooth, which is why it is so important to do everything step by step and not rush, because proper drying of all layers of putty takes up to 3 weeks. The more layers, the longer they will harden. Always choose the golden mean - it is not always possible and necessary to achieve a horizontal surface; sometimes it is enough to simply level the ceiling.
An important element Creating warmth and comfort of any home is the ceiling. It is attached to it beautiful chandelier emitting soft light. You can make the ceiling surface of an apartment or house elegant, solemn, and stylish using various construction techniques and finishing methods.
Peculiarities
With modern choices building materialsRepair of the ceiling surface can be carried out in different ways:
- it can be whitewashed;
- paint;
- make it hanging;
- prepare for laying tiles;
- stick wallpaper.
Any of these finishing options, each of which has its own pros and cons, is preceded by processes such as priming and plastering.
First, preparatory work is carried out
In a newly built house or apartment with concrete ceilings, plastering begins with preparing the base. It is best to make the ceiling surface rough. To do this, a notch is applied along the entire perimeter with special tools or using a improvised method (using an ax).
After exposure in this way, notches remain on the surface of the ceiling., which will allow the plaster to adhere better in the future. After completing the priming work, you can begin surface treatment. cement mortar. They seal the ceiling part of the floor slabs.
An important factor What needs to be taken into account is the humidity in the room (no more than 30%).
In case of non-compliance with this parameter, as well as when applying cement plaster in a different temperature conditions there will be a possibility of its poor fixation.
When we are talking about an apartment or house in which they lived for a long period of time, then, starting plastering work, it is necessary to dismantle the old surface (remove layers of paint, wallpaper and other materials). This process takes longer and requires labor.
The lime can be wetted with water and then removed with a spatula. Old water-based paint, for example, can be removed with a solution of iodine and water. For 1 bucket of water use a bottle (bottle) of iodine composition. If there was fungus on the ceiling, you can remove it by moistening the base with a composition of copper sulfate and water (5 grams of mixture are used per 1 liter of water).
Whitewashed and mortared ceilings are soaked with water, then use a spatula to remove the old layers. After dismantling, the surfaces are thoroughly washed off with water and given time to dry.
In a building with a wooden ceiling, work on plastering the ceiling surfaces begins with preliminary filling of a mesh of metal or shingles (shingles) onto it. These auxiliary materials will help the applied layer of plaster to adhere tightly to the ceiling in the future.
The ceiling lined with plasterboard slabs must be cleaned of dirt. An important point is that there is no need to install beacons.
A primer is applied to the dried surface at the joints of the plates (where the seams are). Such points are processed most carefully.
The points where the sheets are connected to each other (screws are screwed in) are tightened more tightly or a special tape is used. All protruding parts are pasted over with it, then the seams and irregularities are smoothed out during the puttying process.
After the primer layer has dried, the ceiling is puttied, and thus prepared for painting or wallpapering.
Drywall should be plastered if its surface is very moisture resistant.
When the sheets do not have such a quality characteristic, it is best not to carry out the plastering process.
If it is necessary to cover a plasterboard ceiling with thin wallpaper, it can be pre-plastered. This is done so that the gypsum boards are not visible through the wallpaper.
What to plaster with?
Before you begin the process of plastering the ceiling surface with your own hands, you need to select a primer and putty.
For different types ceilings (concrete, wood, plasterboard) will be required special mixtures and compositions of treatment solutions.
The following solutions are used for plastering ceilings and walls:
- plaster;
- sand-cement composition;
- lime;
- silk plaster mortar;
- a mixture of foam chips;
- decorative plaster;
- polymer mixture.
Blend selection
The modern construction industry offers a wide range of solutions and compositions for finishing ceilings.
Which one to choose for plastering? the best way, you can find out by familiarizing yourself with its quality characteristics. Finish plaster is applied different solutions depending on the ceiling base.
The gypsum composition can be used for plastering work.
Its feature is its ability to withstand mechanical damage well. The ceiling will not crack after treatment with this mixture.
Polymer acrylic plaster considered a universal mixture. It can be used for any reason. It is moisture resistant and durable.
Decorative plaster is divided into textured, relief, flock, terrazite, and structural mixtures.
All of them are compositions that create a three-dimensional appearance for ceiling surfaces:
- Structural plaster contains wood fibers.
- The relief composition contains synthetic fibers and particles of marble dust.
- The textured solution consists of various additives and can have different compositions.
- The terrazite mixture is made on the basis of cement. Marble chips, mica and glass are added to it.
- Flocks are acrylic flakes of different sizes and colors. In combination with each other they represent an extraordinary color scheme. After applying this plaster, varnish is used as a final finish.
Cement compositions include sand and lime additions. They are not considered particularly durable, because over time, damage from mechanical stress is possible. Cracks also appear in the ceiling.
Among the new mixtures often used in Lately, a special place is given to the new composition. The sand in the cement mortar is replaced with foam chips. The plastering solution is considered an insulating mixture. It also includes components such as pumice powder, foam granules, and perlite sand.
Foam chips are non-toxic, absorb sound well and have high thermal insulation. The material is fireproof and can withstand high sub-zero and plus temperatures.
The ceiling is very well leveled with a solution filled with foam chips.
Silk plaster consists of silk fibers. It also contains cellulose, glue and a number of additives that make the composition durable. These components make the putty porous, increasing sound insulation. Its qualities help retain heat, which can evaporate through a cold ceiling.
The mixture must be diluted with water, the result is a creamy composition. It is the type of its density that, when applied to the ceiling and walls, forms a layer that allows you to reliably hide defects and depressions. The result lives up to expectations. The surface is solid, without seams or joints. It is good to cover with this plaster concrete bases, after application, completely flat and smooth ceilings are obtained.
Tools for work
Speaking about tools and devices for work, it should be noted that putty is carried out using metal spatulas (of different widths), brushes, and rollers.
You will need a plaster mixture, a container of water, a trowel, a drill with an attachment or a mixer, a sanding float, and glue.
It is advisable to use a protective mask and goggles to prevent layers of old materials to be dismantled from getting into your eyes and respiratory tract. For drywall you will need a primer and putty.
How to install beacons?
In order to properly make the ceiling surface perfectly smooth and beautiful after plastering, auxiliary materials called beacons (beacons) are installed. The process of working with ceiling bases is labor-intensive. Each centimeter of thickness is applied with an additional layer of solution. Using beacons, this process can be reduced to a minimum.
They are attached to the ceiling base in such a way that the tops of these materials form a common, very flat plane. Beacons are made using different material. These can be wooden slats, metal profiles in the shape of the letter “T”, strips of plaster mortar.
The most time-consuming of the three methods is creating beacons from plaster.
They make stripes along the ceiling, acting as guides. The entire base of the ceiling is then leveled using them.
Making strips takes a fairly long period of time, but the advantage of the work is that upon completion of the work there is no need to remove such materials from the ceiling and seal the places where they were attached.
An advantage is the ability to make beacons of any height, since plaster is used as a raw material for their production.
T-shaped metal profiles are often used for applying plaster to a ceiling base up to 1 cm thick. If it is necessary to create a thicker layer, a solution is placed under the beacons, allowing in this way to achieve required height. It is easy to work with such profiles, but when applying a thick layer to the ceiling, the process of setting the beacons to the same height takes a lot of time.
Wooden slats You can also level the ceiling. But wood absorbs moisture in large volumes, so before work it is best to keep the slats in water so that when they dry, they do not change their size and thickness.
Convenient is their ease of installation and use.
Any type of beacons selected for installation on the ceiling in the bathroom, kitchen or living rooms, precedes the process of marking it. The methods for installing beacons for ceilings and walls are similar.
Step-by-step instructions for installing beacons
First you need to check the ceiling surface with a level or tapping thread. Determine the lowest point on the ceiling and make a mark (using painter's cord). From this point the installation of beacons begins.
Using masking tape, mark the ceiling on a line. Next, using a level (including a laser), the angles between the lines are checked so that they are strictly 90 degrees. Then the slats (beacons) are attached to the guide lines using screws.
The distance between the rows of slats should be no more than 20 cm. The screws are leveled so that after work ceiling base could cover all defects and problem areas(protrusions, depressions). Where the lowest point of the ceiling surface was, the lighthouse is raised to its maximum height, thereby leveling it with other lighthouses along the entire perimeter. As a rule, it is better to use a steel lath with a length of 60 cm to 1 m 40 cm. When plastering, it will move along the beacons over the entire area of the ceiling.
Preparing for further work this ends here. Those interested can watch the video.
Applying plaster
Before plastering different ceilings You must remember to prime any of them.
After the primer has dried, you can begin installing the beacons and the plastering process. For different types For ceilings (wooden, plasterboard, concrete), a special plaster mixture is used.
The technology of work is not particularly complicated. Initially, a solution or putty is prepared.
To make the mixture very plastic, it is customary to add PVA glue to it. Applying such a solution to the ceiling will ensure its quick setting and strong fixation on the surface. Whatever the thickness of the plaster layer, such a solution will not allow the ceiling to crack or crumble in the future.
Using a special mixer, make a mixture of water and PVA glue, gradually adding plaster to this liquid. Mix everything until a homogeneous mass is obtained.
The resulting solution is applied to the ceiling using a spatula. Application is done in large blobs; you need to make sure that they are next to each other. Fill all the voids and recesses with mortar, and then take a rule rail and run it along the beacons, as if on rails.
The result is a smooth fabric. In places where the plaster is superfluous, it is removed with a spatula.
In this way, the solution is poured, and a lath is drawn over it like a ruler, leveling the ceiling surface. After the entire ceiling is covered, the solution is given time to set for about 30 - 40 minutes and then they take the lath again - as a rule - and cut off all the protrusions and irregularities over the entire area. At the same moment, the beacons are taken out, and the places where they were attached are smoothly sealed with mortar. When this stage of work is completed, the solution is given time to completely dry, and after that the plastered surface should be treated with water. After washing, it is rubbed (smoothed) with a spatula. This completes the work on plastering the ceiling surfaces.
Ceiling plaster, like other types of finishing, requires careful surface preparation. This is done regardless of the finishing method:
- traditional, with wet plastering;
- dry, using sheet material.
Both methods end with applying final layer of plaster. The choice of material depends on the work to be done: repairing the ceiling, leveling the concrete slab, finishing the ceiling with decorative plaster.
This finishing method is suitable for rooms with high ceilings and creates space for hidden engineering systems: ventilation ducts, cable channels. GKL joints and sheets are puttied with a thin layer of finishing plaster, then the surface is painted or covered with wallpaper.
Traditional way wet plaster known since antiquity. A wooden slatted frame (shingles) was prepared. Then 3 layers of putty were applied with a lime mixture:
- Approximately 8 mm (3/8 inch) thick was applied through the gaps between the battens to achieve a strong bond to the battens.
- So-called floating coating of about 6 mm (1/4 inch) to achieve smooth surface last layer.
- The last (installation or finishing) was about 3 mm (1/8 inch) under the trim for decoration.
Traditionally, the first and second layers were usually a 1:3 mixture of lime paste for cleaning and quartz sand. Animal wool was mixed as a binding additive. The third layer is lime dough on its own or 3:1 for a thin sand mixture.
Modern gypsum plasters much harder and more brittle than the traditional lime paste used in older designs. This must be taken into account when reconstructing buildings.
Apartment buildings have concrete ceilings. Their finishing consists of sealing the joints of the panels followed by plastering. This method has advantages:
- room space is preserved;
- fire safety is ensured;
- possibility of timely elimination of defects;
- the possibility of creating designer decorative stucco moldings.
The construction market has dry plaster mixtures on a cement, lime, gypsum basis. There are decorative plaster mixtures. Their composition includes additives that increase strength characteristics, reduce setting time, and improve water resistance. The main thing is ease of use.
The packaging or attached instructions indicate the amount of water added, the consumption of the mixture at a certain layer thickness per square meter, technology of preparation and application to the surface. To plaster the ceiling with your own hands, buy a hand tool.
You will also need: construction knife, soft sponge, sandpaper different grain sizes, hammer, grout, usually a smooth comb, building level, container for mixing the mixture, mixer. We will familiarize ourselves with other tools while performing the work.
Attention! Plastering the ceiling with your own hands is best done on a fairly flat ceiling with a slight difference in height. Applying plaster to the ceiling of a thick leveling layer is carried out along the beacons. This kind of work requires skill.
Selecting the type of plaster. Repair of concrete surfaces: sealing seams, cracks, chips - done with ceiling plaster cement mortar. Inexpensive dry mix will do "MikCity Tsemosloy". By technical specifications it is not inferior to expensive gypsum-based mixtures. The usage time is 4 hours, which allows you to mix large volumes and plaster large areas.
You can plaster the ceiling with gypsum plaster, but you need to work with it quickly.
Attention! Dry mixtures are prepared based on use for the time indicated on the package. The mixture should not be diluted, especially at the end of the period.
The applied layer without additional reinforcement is from 5 to 30 mm for walls. Ceilings are recommended to be reinforced with special plaster mesh . The mixture contains mineral fillers and modified additives that improve strength characteristics; the working solution is plastic and adheres tightly to concrete surface, brickwork, gas silicate blocks, stone slabs. The choice of dry mixes is huge.
Leave it to the experts to decide which plaster to choose for the ceiling.
Preparatory work includes cleaning the ceiling from dirt and dust. Metal brush, scraper, spatula, detergents– clean the ceiling from old paint, loose plaster, other deteriorating finishing material. Panel joints, potholes and cracks are sealed with prepared plaster mortar from a dry mixture.
The repaired surface is left to harden for about a day. Then the seams are cleaned and primed. This is necessary for better adhesion of the plaster to the concrete surface.
There are deep penetration primers that protect against fungus and mold and reduce the consumption of finishing materials. It is recommended to prime the surface 2-3 times at intervals for better penetration. The joints with the walls and between the panels are glued with reinforcing mesh (if necessary), and then the finishing layer is applied.
Then, at the request of the Customer, artistic gypsum stucco molding is performed. This expensive type of finishing is performed by highly paid craftsmen. There are ready-made decorative fragments made of plaster or polyurethane. They are attached to the ceiling and wall with liquid nails. It looks rich, in a classic style.
Ready-made ones are available for sale plaster decorative mixtures. You can choose the appropriate tone and prepare decorative plaster on the ceiling with your own hands. Dyes are sold that are added to the mixed plaster mortar to obtain the desired shade.
Wood ceiling plaster
Discussed above traditional way wet plastering using shingles. This method is labor-intensive and requires a certain skill. It is much easier to level the ceiling GKL and then apply to the surface leveling layer of finishing plaster. This kind of work is called puttying. Applying decorative plaster to the ceiling using this method will reduce the consumption of the expensive mixture, and the ceiling will take on this look.
Applied to gypsum board Venetian plaster. The smooth glossy surface has the appearance of marble. Will be performed under the chandelier plaster stucco. This is how I changed wooden ceiling performed by a master.
How to properly plaster an OSB ceiling?
The ceilings of many private houses built using OSB are sheathed. frame technologies. For better adhesion to the plaster, the surface of the OSB is glued with a painting mesh and PVA glue. Self-adhesive nets are available for sale.
It is recommended to plaster the ceiling using a mesh in two steps: smooth out in longitudinal and transverse layers. Excellent result receive when applied to the ceiling textured plaster. Various dyes are added to the usual mixture and, using a professional set of putty techniques, decorative patterns are formed on the ceiling. Special rolling rollers, templates, and devices are used.
Available for sale ready-made mixtures. They are advantageous to use because they have high ductility. On plastic container The consumption is indicated, this allows you to buy the right amount of putty. The relief surface of textured plaster hides small irregularities and small cracks.
How to plaster a ceiling with your own hands?
Even experienced plasterers, before plastering the ceiling, try various application techniques. separate section of the sheet(simulating a ceiling). And only after successful selection, this technique is used for the main ceiling. Train, pick up reliable way how to properly plaster a ceiling, bring your skills to professional level and get to work.
Structural decorative plaster differs from textured composition of fillers. For interior work, ready-made mixtures based on water dispersion are chosen. The structure includes marble chips different fractions and binder polymer fillers with the addition of acrylic resins.
There is a difference: plastering and puttying. The putty, according to professionals, is intended for finishing. For example, the picture shows materials from the manufacturer BORO.
How to plaster the ceiling in the bathroom?
There is no significant difference. It all depends on the preferences of the Customer. Decorative putty is usually moisture resistant. In addition, it can be protected with moisture-resistant paint. The paint is tinted using computer programs in construction hypermarkets. In order not to be mistaken: “how to plaster the ceiling in a room?” carefully read the composition of the mixture, which must consist of natural ingredients and meet fire safety requirements.
Useful video
In the video we will see an example of ceiling plaster without beacons:
To fully understand how to apply decorative plaster to the ceiling, you must not only have theoretical knowledge, but also master this art by trying to apply the design yourself. And who knows? Maybe you have artistic abilities, and then ideas will appear, opportunities to turn them into reality.