Infrared lamp– a source of warmth and soft light. It has found application in all spheres of human life and activity. main reason The popularity of IR lamps is focused, directed heat and tangible savings. In essence, this is an alternative source of heating for residential or industrial premises.
Specifications
Infrared lamps have special characteristics. Most of the absorbed energy is converted into heat, as a rule, they are made from colored - red or blue - glass, often with a mirror coating, they are shaped like an inverted bulb.
IR lamps are equipped with a standard threaded base (E27), so they are suitable for ordinary household sockets. There are options with base sizes E14 and E40. One feature: can only be inserted into ceramic cartridges. Great power It will simply melt the plastic cartridge, which can lead to a short circuit.
Variety and features
Infrared lamps can be of three types: traditional or incandescent lamps, halogen, mirror, ceramic.
Traditional infrared incandescent elements are very similar in design to classic lamps incandescent lamps used for indoor lighting. The heating element is based on a tungsten filament.
Halogen lamps have replaced the incandescent lamps we are used to. They work by creating a halogen environment in the flask.
Mirrors have a cone shape. The inner surface is covered with mirror amalgam - an alloy of metal and mercury. This coating reflects light rays, that is, it serves as a reflector. Due to this property, thermal radiation is focused on a specific object, thereby increasing efficiency.
Ceramic infrared lamps look similar to a regular light bulb. For outer shell Fire-resistant ceramics are used, which increases the resistance of the product to mechanical damage, exposure to moisture and temperature changes. Ceramic IR lamps are used for heating industrial (greenhouses, greenhouses, livestock houses, etc.) or residential premises.
Mechanism of action
Infrared radiation is created by electromagnetic vibrations. The special composition of the gas inside the bulb, as well as the metal for the filament, shifts the effect to the effective infrared radiation range. In this range, light accounts for no more than 10 percent of the power; most of the electricity is converted into thermal radiation.
It is not by chance that infrared heat sources are made from colored glass. Red or blue colors participate in the formation of the emission spectrum, increasing the usefulness of the lamp. Light rays pass through the painted glass and take on infrared colors. It is due to colored glass that the light becomes softer and more pleasant to perceive by the human eye.
Term of the work
IR lamps practically do not need time to warm up; they give out full thermal power immediately after switching on. They have a long service life. The mirror infrared lamp in a red bulb (IRLC) can continuously operate for 6500 hours. Mirror infrared lamps in flasks of blue color(IKZS) can operate continuously for 6000 hours. Ceramic heaters– from 4000 to 10000 hours.
Areas of use
Infrared heaters are used where focused heat is needed. Since lamps have antibacterial and antiviral properties, they are widely used in medicine. Now they are widely used in cosmetology.
The widespread use of IR heaters is observed in agriculture and livestock farming, where they are necessary to create a special atmosphere for the germination of seeds and the growth of young animals, heating greenhouses and livestock. In production they are used for drying various painted products. The red lamp has also found its application in production. food products– for pasteurization and drying.
Medicine
Infrared radiation increases blood circulation, which helps to better supply cells with oxygen and necessary substances and remove waste products. When using infrared rays, faster cell regeneration occurs. They have an analgesic effect, increase immunity and are used not only for medicinal but also for preventive purposes.
In medicine, an infrared lamp is used for various purposes:
Painkiller
Warming
Antibacterial
Antispasmodic
Stimulating
Anti-inflammatory
Antiviral
- Hygienic.
Specific types are used for each purpose. For example, halogen lamps for infrared saunas create soft warmth with deep penetration. Reflective infrared lamps provide a relaxing effect after heavy exertion.
The red lamp can be used at home to treat colds, ear, nose or throat diseases, muscle or joint pain, etc.
Livestock
In animal husbandry infrared heaters used for raising young animals, where special temperature regime.
Main advantages:
1. Easy to install (they can be used in any room where there is electrical wiring)
2. Budget: IR heaters are relatively inexpensive (from 300 rubles apiece) and absorb little electricity (from 0.25 kilowatts per hour)
3. Safety: creating an optimal temperature regime allows you to avoid crowding and, as a result, injury to animals,
4. Hygiene: animals' bedding is always dry and clean.
Optimal temperature conditions mean animal resistance to diseases, increased weight and egg production, better feed absorption and reduced mortality. For a farmer, the best heating lamp is an infrared one, preferably with a reflector or ceramic.
Industry
In production, IR lamps are used for drying painted parts, bulk materials or treated surfaces, as well as for heating a room. Relatively small sizes, ease of installation and resistance to temperature changes are their main trump cards.
In industry they are used not only in production process. Great value they have room heating. Such a heater is needed where, firstly, it is not possible to create constant heating, and secondly, there is simply no need for it. Ceramic heaters are the most reliable.
Crop production
In crop production, infrared heaters are needed mainly for heating greenhouses.
A heater for greenhouses can be mobile or stationary, electric or gas. The main thing is that it gives rays infrared radiation necessary to create an optimal climate.
A stationary heater is used for large greenhouses, used all year round. It is mounted on the roof of the room. Mobile is used for small seasonal greenhouses.
The electrical power system is most common for an infrared lamp, but if it is not possible to connect the heater to an outlet, it will do gas version. One of the advantages of this heating option is absolute autonomy when using liquefied gas. Absence electrical wires in greenhouse conditions, where always high humidity, also plays an important role.
At home, infrared lamps are used to propagate seedlings. Best option to create an optimal temperature regime, you simply cannot find one.
Infrared heaters are already enough for a long time are used for heating rooms. In this article we will look at what it is and what advantages it has.
Such devices are not yet used as widely as other heaters. Typically, these devices can be observed in office premises, large stores and similar public places. But time is constantly moving forward and infrared lamp for space heating are gradually gaining the trust of buyers and are increasingly being installed in cottages and country houses. The only thing that “slows down” their spread is the rather high cost.
What kind of heater is this?
Operating principle - in role heating elements ceramic infrared emitters act;
Type - belongs to the class of ceramic infrared heaters (there are other classes of heaters of this type, for example, infrared film), which can be wall, ceiling and lamp, which are discussed in this article.
Regular specifications infrared heating lamps:
- 250W - maximum power
- 600°C - maximum temperature
- 3.5-5.0 µm - IR wave range
- 220V - supported voltage. Weight, kg
Types of infrared lamps:
- Mirror lamp IKZ-500 W, 220 V.
- Mirror red lamp IKZK-125 W
- Mirror red lamp IKZK-250 W
- Mirror red blue IKZS-125 W
- Mirror red blue IKZS-250 W
- Incandescent lamp in the form of a tube, 300mm long and 10mm in diameter NIK-1000W, voltage – 220.
The operating principle of an infrared lamp for heating rooms
The operating principle of an infrared heating lamp is similar to the action of the sun. However, their difference is that when the heater is operating there is no ultraviolet radiation, as in sunlight. Emitted thermal energy penetrates air molecules through incomplete heating from the very surface of the device, after which it transfers heat to objects on which the work of the heater itself is concentrated. This degree of heating largely depends on the material, on the scale of the angle at which the heat rays fall, and on the color of the surface of the device. So how can you not make a mistake with your choice when you come to a heater salon?
Selecting the power of the infrared lamp
You need to focus on power. The choice of power is mainly based on the following proportion: 1 kW per 10m2. However, despite this, such devices are chosen with a certain margin, which will make it possible to compensate for heat loss due to factors such as windows, walls, floors. It is also calculated that such a purchase as an infrared heater will serve as the only source of heat.
Nowadays, on the shelves you can see infrared heating lamps with a power of 300 W. If there is a need for intensive heating for premises such as basements or garages, then the operation of these devices can be considered appropriate. Heaters from this series are installed close to people, which gives them distinctive features from more powerful models.
When going to the store for an infrared heating lamp, be sure to focus your attention on the mains power. Most imported devices are designed for 240 V. However, when the model is connected to a network with a power of 220 V, the IR lamp will produce less heat. Although this factor is not considered an impressive minus, and if everything besides this pleases you, then there is no point in denying yourself the purchase of this device.
Electrical installation process infrared heating The body is quite simple. They are often installed by attaching them to the ceiling, and the mounting device itself is a special bracket, which is included with the kit as standard. To install it yourself, you do not need to have any special technical skills or education. Anyone can do this. The most important thing is the location of the installation itself, where your heater will be located.
Comfort is required not only by humans. In order for the bird to lay eggs well and get sick less, it is necessary to take care of good conditions a habitat. One of the factors on which this depends is the appropriate temperature in the coop. There are many methods that are used to maintain normal conditions in winter. One of my favorites is the infrared lamp for heating the chicken coop. It has its advantages and disadvantages. The article will consider the possibility of using a lamp, as well as other heaters in a poultry house.
Chicken coop temperature
The correct microclimate in the chicken coop is the key to ensuring that the chickens feel comfortable the best way. In addition, thanks to the correct temperature conditions, chickens get sick less and are more productive. If the temperature is too low there will be higher consumption stern. Part of it will be spent on heat generation, the rest on eggs. For chickens of different ages, the temperature regime may differ. For example, for chicks that have not reached three weeks, it is important to maintain 21°. This is the normal temperature in a chicken coop in winter. At three to seven weeks of age, the temperature can be lowered to 16°. For mature chickens, the temperature can be maintained at 8-15°. The rule that the higher the temperature, the better, does not apply to chickens.
The consequence of this effect may be a decrease not only in the number, but also in the mass of eggs. The shell becomes brittle, lacking the required amount of minerals. If the temperature in the chicken coop is maintained at 40° for a long time, then after some time the chicken will die. It is important to observe the behavior of the bird. Chickens should be evenly distributed throughout the coop and consume sufficient feed and water. If the chickens are huddled together, then the temperature is too low. If there is excessive water consumption and rapid breathing, it is necessary to reduce the temperature in the chicken coop.
What to do for insulation
Before you think about a way to heat the chicken coop, you need to ensure that it is sufficiently insulated. If the walls and floors are cold, then the heating system will either be ineffective, or you will have to spend a lot of money on electricity or fuel. The heat that is in a room with chickens can quickly escape through windows and doors. Therefore, you should think about them first. The best solution will proper planning the size and location of windows and doors even when building a house for chickens. The windows in the chicken coop should be small. Just one glass will not be enough. It is better to provide a structure of several chambers that will ensure proper insulation.
It is better to place the windows on the south wall, it is good if there is also a door there. If the windows in the chicken coop are already installed, then you can install an additional frame with another glass. All cracks in the windows of the chicken coop are sealed with silicone sealant. Additionally with outside they can be covered with film. In this case, it must be positioned with a small gap from the glass. This will create additional air gap for insulation. If the windows are large, you should think about reducing them. The chickens will have enough incident light through small windows, and heat loss will be reduced significantly.
Doors also need insulation. For these purposes, you can install another door, if the design allows it. You can hang an old blanket or insulation wrapped in film on top of it. It is important to close all the cracks both on the lock side and on the hinge side. At the entrance you can make an additional barrier of film. Along with these procedures, do not forget about room ventilation. This could be a small window or supply and exhaust ventilation, which can remove excess moisture from the chicken coop.
To insulate walls and ceilings, you can use stone wool. If the chicken coop is built using the frame method, then there will be no difficulties in using it. It will be enough to lay it in the grooves between the posts, having previously covered the surface with waterproofing. Waterproofing is also installed with inside. To prevent chickens from getting to the cotton wool, the walls are lined with boards or other material. The ceiling is insulated according to a similar scheme. If the walls are brick, you can external insulation using polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam. With such a solution, a final external finishing to protect the insulation from destructive effects.
Heating the chicken coop
Methods for heating a chicken coop may include: special devices, as well as natural substances. The latter are more often used for flooring. In terms of artificial devices, we can highlight an infrared lamp and an infrared heater for a chicken coop. Each of them has nuances when installing and choosing a location.
Correct bedding
Before laying deep litter in the coop, you need to choose the right weather. It should be dry. In addition, chickens should not be indoors. The floor must be cleared of excrement and washed well. After drying, the floor in the chicken coop is treated with an antiseptic composition. The next step is to fill the floor surface in the chicken coop with slaked lime. For 10 m2 you will need 10 kg of substance. A layer of dry flooring is laid on top. The first layer should be up to 10 cm thick. After this, fresh flooring is gradually laid until it reaches 30 cm. In this case, the plant components begin to generate heat over time. The temperature at a depth of 20 cm can reach 28°.
Vegetable litter for chickens must be well dried so that it can retain heat. It is important to ensure that it does not contain various harmful impurities. In addition, it is important that mold does not develop in it. The latter can lead to various diseases in chickens. Suitable material wood sawdust, peat, straw, sunflower husks, chopped corn cobs. If straw is used for bedding in the chicken coop, it must be crushed to 3 cm. Peat can be used in the mixture for bedding in the chicken coop. In summer, there will be enough coarse sand, which must be periodically loosened and replaced.
Note! The plant litter for chickens must be periodically loosened so that there is a greater flow of air and the processes continue.
High-quality bedding for the chicken coop will also serve to protect the chickens. Thanks to the processes that occur in it, B vitamins are released, which are necessary for the normal development of chickens. The likelihood of the appearance of various pathogenic bacteria that linger in the litter is reduced. Good bedding for a chicken coop can provide up to 30% of the chickens' total needs.
Using lamps
Various devices can be used to heat the chicken coop. But the downside of a stove or diesel heater is that they safely burn the oxygen that is in the chicken coop. This can have disastrous consequences for chickens. According to user reviews, the infrared lamp can become ideal solution for heating the chicken coop. The positive aspects that speak in favor of using IR llamas in a chicken coop are:
- low cost;
- double effect;
- relatively low heating costs;
- directional heating;
- drying the litter;
- high efficiency;
- ease of installation.
The cost of an IR lamp that can be used in a chicken coop is relatively low. You can buy it for about 180 rubles. Samples of both domestic and foreign production are available for sale. The first can be found by the abbreviations in the name IKZK, IKZS or IKZ. There are also products from the Dutch and German companies Philips and Osram. The difference in lamps lies in some design features. Some species produce minimal light and more heat. The service life will depend on the quality of the wiring, as well as the voltage in the network. The manufacturer stated a figure of 5 thousand hours. But this value may fluctuate. Imported analogues are several times more expensive and often do not justify themselves. Most models are available with an E27 base, which is standard and used in every home, so there will be no problems with the selection of components.
One lamp can cover an area of 12 m2 for chickens without much difficulty. Its effectiveness increases with high-quality insulation of the chicken coop. Consumption is only 250 W/hour. It is unlikely that any electric heater can compare with this. Infrared light has a directional effect, which is very important for a chicken coop. It does not affect the air, but heats the objects that surround the source. In a chicken coop, this can help dry out excess moisture from the litter. For installation, it is necessary to install wiring into the chicken coop that has a suitable cross-section. It must be placed in a metal corrugation to prevent fire. The lamps in the coop should be placed at a distance of a meter or less from each other. It is necessary to hang them in such a way that they cover as much area of the chicken coop as possible.
Note! Chickens should not come into direct contact with lamps. The latter need to be fenced off metal grille. You should also avoid getting liquid on the lamps, which can damage them.
IR heater
As an alternative to an infrared lamp for your chicken coop, you can use an IR chicken coop heater. Its operating principle is the same as that of a lamp. It heats up the objects that surround it. Eat various options heaters based on power and area covered. It is worth proceeding from an approximate calculation, which is 1 kW per 10 m 2. This is an average value and may vary depending on the manufacturer and model of the heater. The heating element is initially protected by a metal grill, so you don’t have to worry about chickens touching it. It is advisable to place such a device on the ceiling so that it is as high as possible from the chickens. For such devices in the chicken coop you will need wiring. best quality and larger cross-section. The heaters are equipped with a thermostat that is capable of maintaining the desired temperature in the chicken coop. You can watch a video about such heaters for chickens below.
Conclusion
As you can see, building a heating system in a chicken coop is not too challenging task. To do this, it is important to select high-quality elements and adhere to general recommendations. In this case, you can be sure that the chickens and the chicken coop will be in perfect order.
In markets and specialized stores you can find infrared mini-heaters that resemble ordinary incandescent lamps. But they are larger, the glass in them is durable, and painted dark red. There may be more powerful heaters of this type in the form of small spotlights of a wide variety of shapes.
But their main feature is that they are screwed into the base of a regular incandescent lamp, provided that it is made of durable ceramics and not plastic.
Principle of operation
If converter-type heating devices mainly heat air mass, then infrared ones have a completely different heating method. They are like the sun's rays - they pass through the air without increasing its temperature, and are absorbed by opaque objects, that is, things located in the room.
This infrared radiation from a heating device is similar to solar energy, they are completely invisible to the human eye, but are felt by the skin - a pleasant warm feeling appears.
All air heated by convectors rises to the ceiling; to warm up the room you need sufficient time. Whereas the heat from an infrared heater is felt immediately as soon as it is connected to the network.
Scope of application
Heating of rooms of any size occurs in an accelerated mode, warm rays almost instantly heat objects, and to achieve comfortable atmosphere it doesn't take much time.
That is, if when traditional heaters are turned off, it takes a lot of time and energy to warm up, this does not happen when using infrared ones. You can save a lot if, for example, when you go on a lunch break, go home or on the weekend, you turn off the device, and when you return, turn it on; the room will almost immediately become warm and cozy.
Radiant energy can create the sensation that the surrounding temperature is much higher than it actually is, thus providing more comfortable conditions for work or leisure. The device does not dry out the air or absorb oxygen, there are no vortex flows that usually raise dust, and it makes absolutely no sounds.
Simple installation, low requirements for additional coolants, and ease of operation - these are the advantages of an infrared heater.
You don't need to install it for it to work. optional equipment and use more usable area, and the heating element cannot freeze, as sometimes happens with water batteries. There are no moving parts, no filters of any kind, and it does not need to be periodically lubricated. And the incandescent element has more long term impeccable service than conventional heating elements. The mounting method is ceiling or wall, which allows you to install them in any accessible place; they can function throughout the day without consuming a lot of energy.
To arrange a familiar heating system you need to spend a lot of money, effort and time, and for infrared heating - the minimum of all of the above. If there is no need for heating in one place, then it can be easily and without special effort move it to where you need it. In addition to space heating, it is used for Agriculture: heating greenhouses and conservatories, caring for newborn calves, because this type of heat is used for nursing as the safest. Poultry farmers also use this type of thermal energy to raise chickens of different breeds of poultry.
Heaters do not need oxygen, but heat-loving animals and reptiles simply need it, so it is indispensable for use in terrariums and aquariums by lovers of these wonders.
In addition to these needs, it is used:
- In warehouses and factories where there is no centralized heat supply.
- For country needs - quick heating of a summer house or cottage.
- For breeding exotic heat-loving reptiles.
- In gardening - use in greenhouses large area for growing vegetables in the cold season.
- In large and small technical services, public service workshops.
- In trade – arrangement of stationary and mobile retail outlets, street stalls.
- When organizing traveling exhibitions, vernissages, exhibits.
- In unheated cinemas, concert venues, fashion shows or demonstrations.
- In customs structures, station premises, local airports, etc.
Types and power
They are distinguished by material and color scheme:
WITH clear glass – must be pressed, which can be painted in blue, red, yellow shades. The heating element is a tungsten or carbon filament, with reflective mirror walls. Such lamps have become most widespread due to their low cost. The transparency of glass allows not only to receive heat, but also to illuminate the room.
Made from ceramics. The body is made of this material, which can withstand high temperatures, with a filament made of nichrome or fechrel. The cost of the products is higher compared to previous models. Maximum power.
With metal body and halogen glow element.
IR heating device with a heater in the form of a tube, In such models, energy is reflected from the metallized surface; the base is adapted for a conventional incandescent lamp socket.
IR illuminators– the heating element in them is made in the form of a tube, and the device itself can be rotated at the desired angle and the emitter can be installed at the required height.
If you adhere to the established calculations, then in order to heat 1 square. meter requires 100 watts. But to heat, for example, a cold cottage, you need to take -130 Watt as a basis. For heating 10 sq. meters you will need a device with a power of up to 1000 watts, or 1 kW/h. Well, if you just need to maintain the temperature, for example, in the fall, when there is no negative temperatures, then the calculation should start with 50 Watt/1 sq. meter. For heating 20 sq. meters you need a device with a power of about 1 kW/h.
The savings are obvious. If you use vortex heaters, then this power will not be enough to maintain normal temperature during the whole day.
Estimated cost
- A heating device from the UK with a power of up to 1.5 kW/h costs about 9 thousand rubles.
- A similar one, in an ivory case – about 6.5 thousand rubles.
- For example, the NeoClima NCH-1.2B device with 2 carbon heating elements, with 2 heating and power modes of 0.6 kW/h and 1.2, with an overload and overheat protection system costs only 1900 rubles. Available in floor, wall, ceiling options, different colors.
Installation
Heaters with infrared lamps are practically no different from table heaters, sconces or chandeliers with incandescent lamps, and fastening is carried out in the same way as these devices. None special conditions or there are no installation restrictions. Floor options do not require installation - they are simply placed on the floor, turned on and enjoy the operation of the device.
Duration heating season can range from 3 (for southern regions) to 11 (at northern cities and countries) months. Therefore, problems associated with providing buildings with heat always remain relevant.
In most cases, a centralized or autonomous system Heating with liquid coolant, running on electricity or natural gas. But what to do if the premises are used irregularly (dachas, country houses, garages, etc.), and therefore a constant supply of heat is not required? In this case, it is recommended to pay attention to alternative heat sources: stoves, convectors, infrared heating lamps and other devices.
It should be noted that IR heaters are one of the simplest and most effective. Among their distinctive benefits can be called:
- low power consumption;
- compact dimensions;
- variability and ease of installation;
- possibility of use with very low temperatures(even on the street);
- do not dry the air;
- safety and ease of use.
Main flaw The thing that hinders the widespread use of infrared lamps is their high cost.
Classification of IR devices for space heating
Today, manufacturers offer several variations of infrared radiation devices, which can be classified as follows.
By appearance (design) There are IR emitters:
- hull;
- film;
- tube
By installation method:
- floor;
- wall-mounted;
- ceiling
By purpose:
- industrial;
- household.
Based on the principle of use, household IR devices are:
- mobile;
- stationary.
Depending on the wavelength (heating temperature), infrared heaters are divided into:
- shortwave (high temperature) – their heating temperature is 1000 0C more; are used, as a rule, for heating rooms with a ceiling height of 6-8 m (closed warehouses, production workshops, shops, etc.);
- medium wave (medium temperature) – heat up to 600-1000 0C; can be used in rooms with ceilings of 3-6 m (in cafes, restaurants, many non-residential premises);
- long wave (low temperature) – their heating can be in the range of 100-600 0C; used in rooms where the ceiling height does not exceed 3 m (rooms in apartments and houses).
Based on the type of main energy source, IR heaters are divided into:
- electrical;
- gas.
Operating principle of infrared heaters
Infrared heaters, unlike other types of devices, heat the objects they are directed at, not the air. It's like exposure sun rays the only difference is that there is no ultraviolet radiation.
This operating principle allows you to reduce energy consumption when maximum power heating In addition, the heat emitted by the devices is felt immediately after connecting them to energy sources, unlike, for example, convectors or oil radiators.
Design features of case IR heaters
The design of IR heaters is quite simple and consists of a painted powder paint steel body in which the heating element is installed (ceramic, carbon (quartz), halogen, tubular (micathermic)).
Ceramic heater is a resistive conductor enclosed in a ceramic plate containing silicon carbide, molybdenum disilicide or lanthanum chromite. The conductor can be made of nichrome (maximum heating temperature is about 1000 0C) or fechral (with a heating temperature of 800 0C). The average service life of such devices is 4 years.
IN carbon heating element a spiral-shaped carbon (carbon) thread, which can heat up to 3000 0C, is placed in a vacuum quartz tube (this is necessary in order to protect the carbon from oxidation when heated). At high-quality manufacturing Such heaters have an unlimited service life.
It should be noted that carbon infrared heaters all other things being equal, they spend less electricity on heating the premises, which is explained by the high thermal conductivity of the carbon filament (for example, for nichrome this figure is more than 5 times lower).
In the literature you can often find the term "quartz" infrared heaters , although in essence these are carbon elements, the only difference is that in the quartz tube in which the vacuum is created, there is a tungsten (rather than carbon) filament. Its heating temperature can be 2000 0C.
Halogen heaters structurally similar to ceramic ones: tungsten filament placed in a ceramic tube, but unlike the latter, an inert gas is pumped into it, as a result of which tungsten, when heated, settles on the filament, and not on the walls of the tube. Thanks to this, such infrared heaters provide heat to rooms faster.
Tubular (micathermic) element ,built in anodized aluminum profile(plate), is considered low temperature, because its maximum heating temperature does not exceed 300 0C. As a rule, several such plates are used in one device. The service life of a lamp with tubular elements can be 7 years.
To ensure directed heat flow, a reflector (reflector), usually made of aluminum, is placed in the body of the infrared heater.
In addition, most models are equipped with a thermostat (providing automatic switching on and off during cooling and overheating). Floor-standing devices often have a rollover shut-off sensor.
Infrared panels
One of the types of cabinet IR heaters used for heating rooms are panels.
Their distinctive features are attractive appearance and small thickness.
Such devices can either be hung on ceilings and walls, which simplifies their installation and dismantling, or built into them (such panels are especially in demand when installing plasterboard leveling structures).
You need to know that built-in infrared heaters cannot be used with fabric or stretch ceilings.
It should be noted that some models allow additional processing surfaces: painting in the color of structures, wallpapering, even facing with tiled materials.
Infrared panels connect to regular electrical network, however, during installation, all measures must be taken to prevent electric shock.
Film infrared heaters
Such heaters are widely known as one of the options for installing heated floors, but they can also be mounted on ceilings.
They are made in the form of a thin polymer film with a layer of carbon paste applied to its surface and copper contacts attached. To ensure improved electrical insulation and fire protection characteristics, both sides of the product are laminated with special polyester.
Unlike other types of IR devices, film heaters are not installed point by point, but, as a rule, over the entire area of the premises under the floor or ceiling covering.
Having all the advantages of infrared radiation devices, the film version provides more uniform and gentle heating (due to installation features), absolute safety, and long service life. It is used for heating residential and office premises.
It must be remembered that to ensure long-lasting and reliable operation It is not recommended to install film heaters under heavy objects (furniture, household appliances and so on.).
Lamp infrared heaters (lamps, luminaires, spotlights)
This type of device uses halogen lamps as a radiation source. Its flask, filled with a mixture of nitrogen and argon, contains a tungsten filament.
The uniqueness of such heaters is that they simultaneously emit heat and light.
These lamps are available in two types:
- infrared specular (IRDS), very similar in appearance to conventional halogen ones used for lighting; they can be used to provide heat small rooms(balconies, kiosks, bathrooms), but when using several pieces, they can illuminate and heat workshops, corridors and foyers of offices and residential buildings;
- infrared specular red (IRRS), the bulb of which is made of dark red glass, as a result of which they emit more heat than light, therefore they are most used for heating livestock and poultry farming facilities.
The power of such lamps is 150-250 Watts, and they are installed in a regular E27 socket.
Please note that when using infrared lamps, the cartridge lighting fixture must be ceramic.
Their main disadvantage is a short (about a year) service life.
Another type of lamp IR heaters are lamps . Structurally, they are a conventional case model, in which an additional lamp is built-in.
Such devices are used mainly for lighting and heating outdoor objects: terraces, gazebos, open cafes etc.
There are also IR spotlights , used mainly for heating outdoor facilities, as well as livestock buildings and greenhouses. According to the principle of operation, they are similar to IKZK and IKZ lamps, but have larger overall dimensions
Principles for choosing an infrared heater, lamp, panel
Existing today huge selection infrared heaters upon purchase optimal model can be confusing. In order not to make a mistake in this matter, you need to remember the basic principles.
- If lamps, panels and other types of heaters are planned to be used as the only heat source, the power of the required model will depend on the area of the room that needs to be heated.
It is important to remember that heating 10 m2 requires 1 kW.
In this case, it is advisable to provide some reserve, since part of the heat will escape through existing door and window openings and will be spent on heating floors, walls, etc. - The recommended power supply power of the network requires mandatory attention, since the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of using the devices will depend on this.
It must be taken into account that most imported infrared radiation devices are designed for 240 V. - Ceiling-based IR heaters are more efficient than floor-mounted ones, since there are fewer light-proof obstacles during their operation.
- When choosing a lamp model, panel or other device, you must remember about the service life of the heating elements: carbon and pipe infrared heaters have the longest service life.
Installation of IR heaters
Infrared devices (heaters, lamps, panels) are installed quite simply and do not require special knowledge and skills. To do this, you will need a drill and a special bracket, which usually comes with the device.
But before you start work, you need to choose the right location.
It should be remembered that infrared heaters must be placed at a distance of at least 30 cm from furniture or building structures.
Basic precautions and sequence of action are usually indicated by the manufacturer in the instructions supplied with the device.