During the cold season, the interior of industrial buildings of any size needs to be maintained normal temperature. For heating industrial premises Typically, several types of heating systems are used. Each of them has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Which option to choose will depend on the object, its area and purpose.
Due to the harsh climate of Russia, during cold seasons, production premises must be heated, maintaining them. For creating normal conditions you will have to put in a lot of effort. This is due to the large size of buildings, implementation certain works and placed in them technological equipment. All these factors complicate the task of installing a heating system.
Despite such difficulties, heating of industrial premises is still provided. The heating system in such buildings performs several important functions:
- creates comfortable conditions for staff work;
- serves to protect equipment from temperature changes, preventing it from overcooling;
- comfortable microclimate in the product warehouse.
Heating and cooling high rooms. Hoval Air-Injector
Squares industrial buildings vary in size and range from tens to several thousand square meters. Such buildings usually have very high ceilings, and work zone in need of heating, small sizes. Unlike residential buildings and apartments industrial heating has its own characteristics.
Equipment for heating industrial premises must be as efficient as possible. The area of its location in the building does not matter regarding aesthetics. There are structures in which it is necessary to heat a specific area, but there are also those where it is necessary to heat the entire area. Great importance has heat loss accounting. The heating system is selected depending on the type and purpose of the room.
Performing the calculation for autonomous heating production premises and enterprises, it is necessary to take into account that they must maintain a constant temperature without sudden changes. In some places there is a need to create separate zones with different levels of heat. When calculating a specific type of system, one must rely on the following criteria:
All these factors will help determine the need for thermal energy for industrial and industrial purposes. To calculate heating systems, you must use a special table. It is also necessary to take into account the specifics of production, availability of fuel, its cost, and thermal calculations.
Several heating systems for industrial buildings are now offered. The most effective are:
- steam;
- water;
- air;
- electric.
Heating large premises
When choosing any of these options, you need to focus on the dimensions of the building, ease of installation and availability of repairs if necessary. It is also important to calculate the amount of thermal energy that will be spent to maintain a certain temperature regime.
All of the above types of heating have their advantages and disadvantages. When choosing a project, you need to consider technological processes. People working in workshops will not be able to stay in the room if the temperature in it drops below 10 o C. Warehouses usually house finished products. Its quality may suffer from temperature changes, so it needs to create a certain microclimate.
Heating using steam is different in that it cannot be installed in rooms where there are emissions of flammable gases, aerosols or a constant source of dust. For example, in production paving slabs This heating system will not work. For other businesses, steam heating has its advantages. This is, for example, heat, which lasts forever. It can warm up a room very quickly, but the building also cools down quickly. To maintain heat, the number of floors in a building does not matter. This type can be called ideal for periodic heating.
In addition to the positive aspects, steam heating has its drawbacks. The equipment makes a lot of noise during operation. The second disadvantage is that it is very difficult to regulate heat transfer and the amount of steam. The cost of the heating season will depend on the frequency of use and type of fuel.
In heating hot water the main component is the boiler. It has the ability to work on many types of energy carriers:
- electricity;
- liquid or solid fuel;
- combined view;
The most economical option fuel is considered to be gas and coal. Other types of consumption will cost more, which is less profitable for heating industrial buildings.
Water heating has its own characteristics. It is released under high pressure; when using it, it is possible to maintain the required temperature level so that the structure does not freeze. If during operation the temperature drops to 0 o C, the installation may fail. When heating equipment is not used, antifreeze must be added.
The main advantage of such a system is fast heating. However, besides this advantage, there are many disadvantages. For example, when high ceilings In industrial buildings, hot air will rise to the top, and cold air will remain below. With such heating, a lot of electricity is consumed, the air becomes dry, so it is necessary to humidify it to a normal state.
With the help of electrical appliances you can use the most different systems. Nowadays, many modern developments are increasingly being used. For example, infrared emitters Excellent for storage space.
Install also thermal curtains, due to which the cold does not enter buildings. However, despite everything positive traits, with the help of these devices it will not be possible to warm up the entire area, and when using additional equipment material costs will be high.
Ceiling systems are considered the most effective. This innovative technology radiant installations allow you to warm up the walls, floors and ceilings of any room. During operation, the local zone quickly heats up, and this type of equipment occupies a minimum area. IR heating does not require reconstruction work for a long time; installation of this system is quick and simple (it is sometimes installed in the form wall panels). According to many experts, radiant heaters are the most acceptable option for heating industrial buildings and premises.
Production facilities, workshops, warehouses, due to their spacious size and taking into account the climatic conditions of Russia, often need to solve such topical issue as optimal heating. The word “optimal” means the price/reliability/comfort ratio that is suitable for a particular industrial building.
This is what we will talk about in our article.
In general, creating a heating scheme for industrial premises is a rather difficult task. This is due to the fact that each individual production facility is built for specific technological processes, and has very large dimensions and height.
Plus, the equipment used in production sometimes complicates the laying of pipes for ventilation or heating. But despite this, heating industrial buildings is an important function that cannot be avoided.
And that's why:
- thoughtful heating system provides comfortable working conditions for employees and directly affects their performance;
- it protects equipment from hypothermia, which can cause breakdowns, which in turn will lead to monetary costs for repairs;
- Warehouses must also have an appropriate microclimate so that the goods produced retain their original appearance.
Note!
By choosing a simple, but at the same time reliable heating system, you will reduce the cost of its repair and maintenance.
Plus, much fewer employees will be required to control it.
Choosing a heating system for industrial premises
For heating industrial buildings, central heating systems (water or air) are most often used, but in some cases it is more rational to use local heaters.
But in any case, when choosing a production heating system, you need to rely on the following criteria:
- Area and height of the room;
- The amount of heat energy needed to maintain the optimal temperature;
- The ease of maintenance of heating equipment, as well as its suitability for repair.
Now let's try to understand the positive and negative aspects that the above-mentioned types of heating of industrial premises have.
Central water heating
The source of the heat resource is a central heating system or a local boiler house. Water heating consists of a boiler (radiators or convectors) and a pipeline. The liquid heated in the boiler is transferred to the pipes, giving off heat to the heating devices.
Water heating industrial buildings can be:
- Single-pipe - here it is impossible to regulate the water temperature.
- Two-pipe - here temperature control is possible and is carried out thanks to thermostats and radiators installed in parallel.
As for the central element of the water system (that is, the boiler), it can be:
- gas;
- liquid fuel;
- solid fuel;
- electric;
- combined.
You need to choose based on the possibilities. For example, if it is possible to connect to a gas main, a gas boiler would be a good option. But please note that the price is this type fuel consumption increases every year. Plus, there may be interruptions in the central gas supply system, which will not benefit the production enterprise.
Requires separate safe room and fuel storage tanks. In addition, you will have to regularly replenish fuel reserves, which means taking care of transportation and unloading - additional costs Money, labor and time.
Solid fuel boilers are unlikely to be suitable for heating industrial premises, unless they are small in size. Operation and maintenance of a solid fuel unit is quite labor-intensive process(loading fuel, regularly cleaning the firebox and chimney from ash).
True, there are currently automated solid fuel models, into which you do not need to load fuel with your own hands; a special automatic system fence Also, automated models allow you to install desired temperature.
However, you still have to take care of the firebox. The fuel used here is pellets, sawdust, wood chips, and, if placed manually, also firewood. Although this type of boiler requires labor-intensive operation, it is the most inexpensive.
Electric boilers are also not the best option for large industrial enterprises, since the energy consumed costs a pretty penny. But heating a production space of 70 square meters using this method is quite acceptable. However, do not forget that in our country, periodic power outages for several hours have long been a common occurrence.
As for combination boilers, they can be called truly universal units. If you have chosen a water heating system and want to get efficient and uninterrupted heating of your production as a result, then take a closer look at this option.
Although a combination boiler costs several times more than previous units, it gives unique opportunity– virtually independent of external problems (interruptions in the centralized heating system, gas supply and electricity supply). Such units are equipped with two or more burners, for various types fuel.
Built-in types of burners are the main parameter for dividing combined boilers into subgroups:
- Gas-wood heating boiler– you don’t have to worry about gas supply interruptions and fuel price increases;
- Gas-diesel– will provide high power heating and indoor comfort large area;
- Gas-diesel-wood– has expanded functionality, but you have to pay for it with lower efficiency and low power;
- Gas-diesel-electricity– a very effective option;
- Gas-diesel-wood-electricity- an improved unit. It can be said that it provides complete independence from possible external problems.
Everything is clear with boilers, now let's see whether water heating in production fits the selection criteria that we initially outlined. Here it’s worth mentioning right away that the heat capacity of water, compared to the heat capacity of the same air, is several thousand times greater (at the usual temperatures of air (70°C) and water (80°C) in the heating system).
In this case, the water consumption for the same room will be thousands of times less than the air consumption. This means that fewer connecting communications will be required, which is certainly a big plus, given the design of industrial premises.
Note!
A water heating system allows you to control the temperature: for example, you can work time install standby heating for production (+10°C), and set a more comfortable temperature during working hours.
Air heating
This type is the very first artificial heating of premises. So air heating systems have proven their effectiveness for quite some time now. for a long time and, it should be noted, are in constant demand.
All this thanks to the following positive aspects:
- Air heating assumes the absence of radiators and pipes, instead of which air ducts are installed.
- Air heating shows more high level Efficiency compared to the same water heating system.
- Air in in this case heats up evenly throughout the entire volume and height of the room.
- The air heating system can be combined with the system supply ventilation and conditioning, which allows you to get fresh air instead of the heated one.
- It is impossible not to mention regular shift and air purification, which has a beneficial effect on the well-being and performance of employees.
In order to save money, it is better to choose combined air industrial heating, which consists of natural and mechanical air circulation. What does it mean?
The word “natural” means a fence already warm air from environment(warm air is available everywhere, even when it is -20°C outside). Mechanical induction is when the duct takes cold air from the environment, heats it and delivers it into the room.
For heating a large area, air heating systems for industrial premises are perhaps the most rational option. And in some cases, for example, at chemical plants, air heating This is the only type of heating allowed.
Infrared heating
How to heat an industrial premises without resorting to traditional methods? Using modern infrared heaters. They work on the following principle: emitters generate radiant energy above the heated area and transfer heat to objects, which in turn heats the air.
Information! The functionality of infrared heaters can be compared to the Sun, which also heats using infrared waves. earth's surface, and as a result of heat exchange, the air is heated from the surface.
This operating principle eliminates the accumulation of heated air under the ceiling and, as a consequence, big differences temperature, which is very attractive for heating industrial enterprises, since most of them have high ceilings.
IR heaters are divided into the following types according to their installation location:
- ceiling;
- floor;
- wall;
- portable floor.
By type of waves emitted:
- shortwave;
- medium wave or light (their operating temperature is 800°C, so they emit soft light during operation);
- long-wave or dark (they do not emit light even at their operating temperature of 300-400 ° C).
By type of energy consumed:
- electrical;
- gas;
- diesel
Gas and diesel infrared systems are more profitable and their efficiency is 85-92%. However, they burn oxygen and change the humidity in the air.
Type heating element:
- Halogen– the only drawback is that if dropped or subjected to a strong impact, the vacuum tube may break;
- Carbon– the main heating element is made of carbon fiber and placed in glass tube. The biggest advantage compared to other IR devices is lower energy consumption (about 2.5 times). If dropped or subjected to a strong impact, the quartz tube may break.
- Tenovye;
- Ceramic– the heating element is made of ceramic tiles, collected into one reflector.
The principle of operation is the flameless combustion of a gas-air mixture inside a ceramic tile, as a result of which it heats up and transfers heat to surrounding surfaces, objects, and people.
IR heaters are most often used for heating:
- industrial premises;
- shopping and sports facilities;
- warehouses;
- workshops;
- factories;
- greenhouses, greenhouses;
- livestock farms;
- private and apartment buildings.
Advantages of infrared heating:
- First of all, it should be noted that IR heaters are the only type of devices that allow for zone or spot heating. Thus, in different parts production premises can support various temperature regime. Zone heating can be used to heat workplaces, parts on a conveyor belt, engines in a car, young animals on livestock farms and so on.
- As mentioned above, IR heaters heat surfaces, objects and people, but do not affect the air itself. It turns out that the circulation air masses is absent, which means there is no loss of heat and drafts and, as a result, fewer colds and allergic reactions.
- The low inertia of infrared heaters allows you to feel the effect of their action immediately after starting, without preheating the room.
- Infrared heating is very economical, due to its high efficiency and low energy consumption (up to 45% less energy than traditional ways). There is probably no need to explain that this significantly reduces financial expenses enterprises and quickly pays back all investments in infrared heating facilities.
- IR heaters are durable, lightweight, take up little space, and are easy to install (each product comes with detailed instructions installation) and they practically do not require Maintenance during operation.
- Infrared heaters- this is the only type of heating device with which it is possible to carry out effective local heating (that is, without resorting to centralized systems heating).
Finally
Finally, I would like to suggest that you familiarize yourself with the photo table, which shows the specific heating characteristics of industrial buildings.
We examined the main types of heating of industrial premises. Which one will be the most optimal in your case is up to you to decide. And we hope that this article was useful to you. Additional information You will find information on this topic in specially selected video material.
Air heating allows you to create conditions in large industrial facilities that cannot be achieved with other heating systems. Modern equipment and automation ensure that the premises maintain the specified parameters of temperature, air purity and humidity in accordance with the most stringent GOST requirements.
Principles of organizing air heating systems
The operation of such systems is based on the transfer of energy from a heat source directly to air, which is then transported through piping systems to heated rooms. At the same time, efficiency is achieved due to the absence of intermediate components - radiators, expansion tanks, as well as boiler rooms that are expensive to maintain.
Air heated to the required temperature is distributed throughout industrial or administrative facilities using fans or distribution heads. Today there is also a demand for mobile units that allow you to quickly raise the temperature in the desired zone.
Equipment for air heating can be placed both in the heated room and outside it. At the same time, in places where there are problems with the supply of electricity, diesel fuel, natural gas or waste oil can be used as an energy carrier. This significantly reduces the cost of one kilowatt of heat compared to installations powered by electricity.
The main advantages of air heating systems
When heating industrial premises, the customer receives the following advantages:
- high system efficiency of up to 93%;
- long service life of equipment (up to 20 years);
- the ability to put the installations into operation at any time of the year, regardless of the ambient temperature;
- low material consumption;
- low inertia - the units reach operating mode in a matter of minutes, warming up any object in just a few hours.
- the ability to integrate heating and climate systems, which will ensure an optimal microclimate even in hazardous industries;
- integration with automation systems, providing additional savings due to operation in “standby mode” when there are no people in the room.
The company "TC Group Energy" has great experience in the field of development and installation of equipment for air heating. Our potential clients can familiarize themselves with
“How to choose the optimal heating”? - this is the question asked by the owners of production facilities, workshops and warehouses. The large size of buildings, combined with the harsh climatic conditions of Russia, frighten young entrepreneurs. In this review we will talk about “optimal” heating. First, let’s figure out what is meant by the word “optimal.” Usually this word is understood as the appropriate ratio for a building “cost/reliability/convenience”.
Selecting and creating a heating scheme for large rooms is not an easy task. Each building is universal - size, height, purpose. Production equipment is often an obstacle to laying pipes. But without heating there is nowhere. A well-built heating system protects equipment from hypothermia (often this is the factor that leads to equipment breakdown), creates favorable conditions labor for workers. In addition, without the required temperature, some products will spoil much faster. That's why it's so important to choose reliable system space heating.
Choosing a heating system for industrial buildings
Almost every warehouse needs heating. Centralized heating systems are usually used. They are:
- Water;
- Airborne.
When choosing heating, the following characteristics should be taken into account:
- Area and height of the building;
- The amount of heat energy required to maintain the desired temperature;
- Lightness of heating equipment in technical terms, its wear resistance.
Central water heating
The main thermal resource is the central heating system or boiler room. Water heating includes:
- Boiler;
- Heating devices;
- Pipeline.
The operating principle is simple. The liquid is heated in the boiler and goes through the pipes, giving off heat.
Types of water heating:
- Single-pipe (water temperature cannot be adjusted);
- Two-pipe (temperature regulation is possible. It is carried out using thermostats on radiators).
The central heating element is the boiler. Today there are quite a few types of boilers: liquid fuel, solid fuel, gas, electric and mixed. You should choose a boiler taking into account the possibilities. A gas boiler is convenient when you can connect to a gas source. It should be taken into account that the price of this resource increases every year. Gas supply interruptions will lead to dire consequences.
Liquid fuel boilers require a separate room and container for storing fuel. In addition, it will be necessary to constantly replenish fuel reserves, which means extra hands for transportation and unloading. And these are additional costs.
Solid fuel boilers are not suitable for heating large industrial premises. Care solid fuel boiler- not an easy task (loading fuel, cleaning the chimney and firebox). On modern market You can find partially automated models with the possibility of automated fuel loading. Other components (firebox, chimney) require human care. The fuel is sawdust, pellets, wood chips, etc. Despite the fact that operating such boilers is a labor-intensive process, these models are the cheapest on the market.
Electric boilers are not the best suitable option for heating large rooms (up to 70 sq. meters). The electricity used will cost the owner dearly. It is worth considering that planned and unscheduled power outages negatively affect the system.
Combination boilers can be called universal models.
A water heating system provides stable and efficient heating of the room. Although combi boilers cost more than their counterparts, but with it you will not depend on external troubles (various interruptions in gas and electrical systems). Combined boiler samples have two or more heaters for different types fuel. Thanks to the built-in types of burners, boilers are divided into:
- Gas-wood - not afraid of interruptions in the gas supply system and rising fuel prices)
- Gas-diesel - ideally heat a large room)
- Gas-diesel-wood - a functional boiler with low efficiency and low power)
- Gas-diesel-wood-electricity is an almost universal unit that is completely independent of external problems
The situation with the boilers has been clarified. Now you need to find out whether the water type of heating meets the previously described criteria. It is worth noting that the heat capacity of water is thousands of times higher than the heat capacity of air. This means that you will need thousands of times less water than air. Another point: a water heating system will allow you to set the desired temperature in different time. For example, during normal production heating the temperature will be +10 C, but during working hours you can set a higher temperature.
Air heating
People have been using air heating for a long time. The system is effective and popular. Has the following advantages:
- Air ducts are installed instead of radiators and pipes.
- Air heating has higher efficiency compared to a water system
- The heated air is evenly distributed over the entire area of the room
- It is convenient to connect the air system with ventilation and air conditioning (you can get clean air instead of warm air)
- Constant change of air has a positive effect on the well-being of workers; work efficiency increases.
If you want to save money, it is better to choose mixed air industrial heating. It consists of natural and mechanical air stimulation.
- The "natural" urge is to take in the warm air of their atmosphere at any temperature.
- Mechanical impulse is the intake of cold air by the air duct for its subsequent warming and supply to the room.
It is believed that air system heating is the best option for heating large industrial premises.
Infrared heating
It is possible to heat an industrial premises using non-traditional methods. Infrared heaters are a modern invention of engineers. The principle of their operation is as follows: emitters produce energy above the heating zone and transfer heat to objects that heat the air. The functionality of such heaters is compared to the sun. It also heats the surface of the earth using infrared waves, and then the air is heated by heat exchange. Thanks to this principle, heated air will not accumulate under the ceiling, being evenly distributed over the area of the room.
There are many types of IR heaters, differing in the following characteristics:
- Installation location (floor, portable floor, wall, ceiling);
- Type of emitted waves (short-wave, medium-wave and light);
- Type of energy consumed (diesel, gas, electric).
The most profitable are gas and diesel infrared heater models. Their efficiency is often above 90%. But they are characterized by burning air and changing the characteristics of its humidity.
- Type of heating element (halogen - not very durable models; carbon - fragile model, but consumes less energy; ceramic - the heating device is assembled from ceramic tiles. Inside it is a mixture that heats the environment).
IR heaters are used for heating industrial buildings, various structures, work shops, greenhouses, greenhouses, farms and apartments.
Benefits of infrared heating
IR heating can provide spot heating, that is, in different parts of the building there can be different temperatures. Infrared heaters do not come into contact with air, heating surfaces, objects, and organisms. This means there will be fewer drafts in the room. IR heating is economical. High efficiency and low power consumption are just a dream. Long service life, ease of installation, light weight, local efficient heating- these are just the main ones positive sides IR heaters.
In this extensive article we looked at popular types space heating. Which type is the most optimal is up to you to decide. We hope that this article was useful and complete information.
Today, many commercial and industrial organizations are faced with the acute issue of saving. IN winter period heating a production facility with a constant rise in electricity prices can cost a pretty penny, so the demand for effective ways heating - first of all, direct heating of air using the cheapest fuel today - natural gas. Air heating systems for industrial and commercial premises offered by our company are among the most effective, profitable and advanced in the world. Russian market. Let us consider the main characteristics of such systems.
Features of air heating systems
For industrial premises requiring heating and ventilation, systems are used in which air is supplied to the premises through air ducts. It is most advisable to use such systems if it is necessary not only to heat, but also to ventilate and/or air condition a room - since in this system it is possible to combine all these functions. A similar system is installed using large industrial units, usually located on the roof. This is exactly how the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system is built in large shopping centers, office buildings, as well as production workshops. The system allows you to maintain the necessary climatic parameters in the room - temperature, humidity, clean the air from germs, dust and other harmful impurities, creating the most favorable environment for people in the room. If the task is only to heat production premises with minimal costs, then the best way is to install local gas air heaters. This is a compact and inexpensive equipment that operates on the principle of a fan heater. Local air heaters are controlled by thermostats that regulate the temperature in the room and give a signal to turn on if it drops to a certain value. In both cases, the heating system of an industrial or warehouse has several undoubted advantages:- use of a cheap energy source (gas)
- absence of additional coolant, as well as the bulky system associated with it (pipes, boilers, pumps)
- exceptionally low inertia - no time is required to transfer heat from the coolant to the battery, heated air immediately enters the room
- exceptionally high efficiency – up to 93%
- creating a more uniform heat distribution due to constant air circulation in the room