Strip foundation, floors on wooden joists - why is there nothing worse for a chopped bathhouse? The floor in the house is on a strip foundation. Monolithic floor of the first floor.

Let's take a closer look at what a strip foundation is - strips of reinforced concrete that are laid under load-bearing walls and distribute the weight of the building along the entire perimeter. This solution makes it possible to provide sufficient resistance, squeezing out the soil, avoiding distortion and subsidence of the building. As a rule, a concrete floor is chosen for a strip foundation for the first floor.

Step-by-step process of laying a concrete floor for the first floor with a strip foundation

The basis

When the basement floor has been installed or the foundation has been completed, they proceed to the next stage - installing the floor on the finished strip foundation. The amount of concrete needed for the floor can be calculated using construction calculator self-leveling floor. The excavated soil is carefully poured into the resulting perimeter of the building during the construction of the foundation (strip) in the process of preparing the pit. After this, soil is poured to the required level and then thoroughly compacted. To compact the soil, it is spilled with water evenly over the entire perimeter of the area for 2-4 hours. When the soil completely settles, backfill with a layer of crushed stone. It is necessary to select a layer of crushed stone of at least 10 cm, and the fractions of crushed stone themselves can be large, medium or small fractions.

We are installing a concrete floor for the first floor

Along the perimeter of the building area it is necessary to pour a 6-10 centimeter layer of sand and a layer of crushed stone on top. In order to protect the sand layer from moisture, we lay out a polyethylene film. The film will be superimposed on top reinforcement mesh with a thickness of 10-12 mm (depending on future load). The reinforcing mesh must be knitted with a cell size of up to 20 centimeters. In those places where there will be intersections of the reinforcement, in other words, the corners of the mesh, they are welded by welding or tied using knitting wire. When the mesh is completely tied, it must be raised above the sand level. This is done to create a protective layer during the future pouring of the concrete layer. This solution allows you to protect the reinforcing layer from the adverse effects of precipitation. Bound reinforcement filled with concrete will distribute the entire load evenly.

Familiarize yourself with the technique of pouring concrete in winter.

When the level of the concrete pouring layer is 20 cm, the reinforcing mesh must be raised several centimeters above the surface. When reinforced mesh raised above the soil, crushed stone, plastic film and a layer of sand and proceed to the beginning of pouring the concrete layer. As a rule, grade 200 concrete is used for this. For correct calculations the required volume of concrete, you should multiply the thickness of the poured layer by the total floor area (for example, 20 centimeters), + 5% for a margin, since most often factories do not add concrete or errors in calculations may occur. Often, when building a house, there are large errors; it is for this reason that it is worth making a small reserve.

For reliable protection finished foundation and the floor from moisture will need to be done high-quality waterproofing.
Watch how to do this in the video:

Flat floor

To correctly fill a concrete floor to a level, it is necessary to stretch a thread (beacons) along two diagonals or straight lines along the room, and when it reaches established level begin to level the concrete surface. A hoe or shovel is used for this. This is a rough base, and the final level of the concrete floor will be removed with a screed.

Final

When the concrete floor has been poured onto the ground, the concrete must now be covered with a film to protect it from the influence of the external environment and prevent rapid evaporation of moisture from the concrete. The film can only be removed after 2 days.

The process of installing a concrete floor on a strip foundation is completed. To cover the rough surface, you can use special insulation materials (foam plastic, expanded clay, URSA, etc.), which are covered with fiberboard, JZB, boards and other facing materials.

Strip foundations are quite common, as they can be created without the use of heavy construction equipment. But when creating such a foundation, you need to be prepared for certain troubles. If ventilation is not created in it, this will lead to the appearance of condensation in the underground space. To avoid such problems, it is worth making a closed subfloor with ventilation. But more simple option is to create a floor on the ground on strip foundation.

Features of the floor of the first floor of a house on a strip foundation

It is worth remembering that the soil under the floor does not freeze and is saturated with moisture. That is why ventilation holes are made in the basement of the house, which remain open even in winter period. When creating a ventilated underground space, you can use any thermal insulation materials.

If the base of the building is low, there is not enough space to create ventilation. It is in such cases that the creation of a floor on the ground occurs. When creating such a floor, it is worth remembering that repairing communications will require complete removal of the screed in the place where they are installed. To avoid such problems, it is enough to make duplicate sleeves for all networks under the floor. In this case, if clogged, you can connect to duplicate networks without destroying the screed under the floor.

Features of floors on the ground

Before you start creating floors on the ground, it is worth finding out what requirements apply to such structures:

To protect the concrete structure from moisture, it is necessary to create a drainage system around the house. It is also important to create storm sewer so that all water immediately leaves the building. If this is not done, the foundation and floor of the first floor will be constantly exposed to moisture, which will lead to its destruction. Worth remembering. What the drainage system should be designed to maximum amount water that may accumulate around the structure.
To backfill the pit under the house, you must use crushed stone and sand. If soil is used, the house will begin to sag, which will lead to structural deformations. It is important to compact the crushed stone after filling a 20 cm layer. If this is not done, the material may sag after creating a concrete structure.
Before constructing the first floor floor, you should not create a layer of geotextile, as this will reduce the effectiveness of soil compaction to zero.

What does a ground floor pie consist of?

To correctly make the described type of floor, you need to create all its layers:

The lower layer consists of sand and crushed stone. These materials are carefully compacted before laying subsequent floor elements. This is necessary to ensure that the structure does not shrink after construction.
After creating a layer of sand and crushed stone, a concrete slab is formed. Its thickness should be from 4 to 7 cm. The slab is created from low strength concrete.
After this, waterproofing material is laid, which is necessary to protect the floor from moisture coming from the ground. For waterproofing it is worth using various rolled materials.
The thermal insulation layer must be made of durable material. Its height depends on climatic conditions and characteristics of the material. Creating a thermal insulation layer allows you to prevent heat loss and save on heating your home.
After this, a reinforced concrete screed is formed. It is the basis for laying floor materials. Linoleum, tiles, boards, cork and other materials can be laid on the screed. It is worth remembering that before laying the parquet it is necessary to create a base of multi-layer plywood.

Important! Since the depth of the pit under the floor is greater than the mark at which the bottom of the sand cushion should be, it is necessary to fill the depression with soil, which is carefully compacted after each layer of 20 cm. The height of the cushion should be at least 60 cm.

Creating a floating screed

Creating a floor on the ground in any case implies arranging a base of low-strength concrete. It can create reinforced concrete slab, but often home owners install adjustable joists on which they fix finishing material for the floor. A floating screed is created as follows:

First, a sand cushion is created. During backfilling, it is necessary to compact each layer 20 cm thick. If this is not done, the material will begin to settle after the structure is created.
After this, a rough screed is created, which is not reinforced with metal rods. In some cases, film waterproofing is laid under the screed. But this is also not necessary. The concrete screed can have a height of 50-70 mm. To create it, M100 concrete is usually used.
On next stage fits waterproofing membrane. Roofing felt or film is often used. The material should be laid in 2 layers to reliably protect the floor from the penetration of moisture from the ground. The material must be wrapped to a height of 15-20 cm.
Then the thermal insulation material is fixed. To insulate the floor, you should use extruded polystyrene foam. It is much more effective than other insulation materials available in hardware stores. Moreover, this material is resistant to moisture and can be used for a long time.
On last stage a finishing screed with reinforcement is created. To do this, a wire mesh is created, the cell size of which is 50x50 mm. Concrete grade M150 with crushed stone filler is used for pouring. It is important to consider that you do not need to use clay when creating the solution.

Important! To reduce heat loss, you can install heated floors. To do this, during the creation of the finishing screed, pipes with coolant are installed in the concrete.

Installation of wooden joists

Installing adjustable joists is the most a budget option, which is chosen by owners of houses on a strip foundation. A floor with joists is created as follows:

The first stage involves creating a sand cushion. It is important to tamp every 20 cm, since if this action is not performed, the structure may settle after construction.
After this, waterproofing material is laid. To ensure that the floor is reliably protected from moisture, it is necessary to lay it in 2 layers.
At the next stage, the concrete screed is poured, the height of which should be about 60 cm.
The next stage involves installing supports for adjustable joists. The upper part of all supports is cut so that the installed logs are at the same height.
The space that remains between the joists must be filled with thermal insulation material. For insulation, you can purchase extruded polystyrene foam, as it is quite strong and durable. Basalt wool is also often used
At the next stage, the subfloor is created, on which the floor covering will subsequently be laid.
After choosing a certain material, it is fixed on plywood or boards.

The described work on creating a floor in a house on concrete tape can be made with their own hands without the involvement of professional builders.

Dry screed on the ground

The floor in a house on a strip foundation can be created using the dry screed method. In this case, the work is carried out in several stages:

First, a sand and gravel cushion and a rough screed are created as in the previous case. All other work when choosing this option is carried out using a different technology.
After this, installation takes place waterproofing material. To insulate the floor from moisture coming from the ground, it is worth using plastic film.
The next stage is the installation of beacons. It is best to use plaster profiles. During installation, it is important to ensure that all elements are positioned horizontally.
Then you need to fill expanded clay chips between the beacons. It is leveled according to the beacons and compacted.
After this, tongue-and-groove gypsum fiber boards are laid. The joints of all sheets are glued and fastened with self-tapping screws. It is worth remembering that the joints of different layers should not coincide.

Features of the work

When performing the described work, several subtleties must be taken into account:

Before creating a foundation and floor on the ground, it is necessary to completely remove the fertile layer, since it is not suitable for compaction. It is important to remove all plant roots that are located under the house.
It is best to use various modifications of PVC or polycarbonate as waterproofing. It is worth remembering that the material must be laid in 2 layers. At the same time, it should not only stop moisture, but also protect against steam penetration.
When laying waterproofing material, it is necessary to place it on the walls strip base at home by about 20 cm. After creating the floor, excess waterproofing material must be cut off.
The thickness of the heat insulator should not exceed the height of the strip foundation.
When pouring the finishing screed, a damper tape must be laid along the edge of the walls. It is necessary to compensate for expansion of the screed. It also prevents cracking.

When creating a floor on a strip foundation, the thickness of the soil must be selected taking into account the climate in the region.

We build a house from foam blocks with our own hands
Floating foundation
DIY foundation formwork
Foundation for a stove in a bathhouse

As a rule, in order to install a floor on the ground on a strip foundation, you should know many nuances that will be useful in constructing a concrete structure. The type of building material will directly depend on the wishes of the owner and the method of application.

Carry out installation flooring material Can be used equally on a concrete screed base, wood or slab monolithic type. If a concrete slab is made, it must be attached to the foundation using reinforcement, or it will be floating. In the case of installing a floor on the ground itself, a primary gravel cushion is made.

What the developer needs to remember

Properly insulate the base and floor along the ground, otherwise most of the heat will go into the soil

The design of the ground floor foundation has enhanced operational capability. But for this you will need to choose the right material.

To make it easier to understand the structure of the pie from the inside, you will need to study the factors that affect the concrete slab:

The occurrence of heaving influence of the soil under a residential building is extremely rare. Country houses can be installed on different types of foundations, but they are all installed on the ground. If the insulation of the sole is of poor quality or is absent altogether, most of the heat will quickly go into the soil layers. Due to this, the subfloor or basement located under the house will be warm, which can make it difficult to store vegetables. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to mandatory perform insulation efficiently.
Each building design must include drainage protection against water, which often appears in the spring from melting snow. If there is moisture drainage, groundwater will not form under the foundation structure, thereby the soil will be dry.
Do not lay geotextiles under a sand cushion - the compaction will worsen
In many cases, the soil structure under a residential building settles even if heaving does not occur. Sometimes the foundation strip is attached to the floor structure using reinforcement. When the soil underneath the floor subsides, a space is created, and the concrete slab sags because it is anchored to the foundation. To avoid such a situation, backfilling is performed at the time of construction. A pit is dug and then filled with crushed stone and sand. After a certain thickness, compaction is performed. If all conditions are met correctly, there will be no shrinkage.
Majority construction organizations It is believed that at the time of installing a sand cushion, geotextile material is preliminarily laid under the base of a residential building. But, according to experts, in this case the result of compacting the sand or crushed stone cushion will worsen. During the compaction period, the layers of the cushion are pressed together with the soil, which is located below. It is best to install a drainage system under this pie.

In connection with the above factors, it is necessary to focus Special attention laying the cake in the case of a strip base. Thanks to this, the reliability of the entire structure as a whole will significantly increase.

It is important to remember at the time of erecting the foundation that engineering structures may fail after some time, and it will not be possible to replace them. To solve this problem, you can install a backup engineering type system.

Main installation options

Nowadays, it is possible to install flooring on the ground using a choice of two technology options. In this case, all these actions are performed different ways execution. The first method is considered the most financially effective and not too labor-intensive.

Layout of a floor on the ground

An option for this design is to install the floor using wooden beams. Can be replaced if desired wood material steel beams. However, such a choice cannot help but hit your finances.

Let's move on to consider the negative aspects of this gender:

There is a need to increase the size of the base, because the beams must rest on something. If you do not affect the dimensions of the foundation, then you can instead create additional support pillars over the entire area of the base.
The height of the rooms is lost, this happens due to the fact that the beams rest on the foundation. The height will be lost in size by about two hundred millimeters. To change the situation, it will be necessary to increase the height of the structure, which means it is necessary to invest additional financial resources.
Experts have proven that a laid floor based on wooden beams will not be stable, even no matter how well all the work is done.
Due to wooden beams are laid close to the ground, and there, as a rule, the humidity is high, their service life is significantly reduced. Even specialized protective equipment they won't save you wooden crafts. Installing an air ventilation system does not always solve this kind of problem.

The second method is considered the most expensive, but expensive does not always mean bad. This method is a poured floor, while it is insulated and a layer of waterproofing is laid. This method is considered the most reliable and effective.

Preparatory stage

Before installing the insulated screed, make markings

This stage of work involves preparing the soil for upcoming loads and installing an insulated screed. To do the work yourself, there is the following procedure:

Performing markings. Measure the floor of the basement; if it is missing, then measure the first floor. These marks will serve as the starting point of the overlap, and this surface will also be the place on which you walk. The threshold of the room, be it a basement or the entrance to a private building, will be the starting point. The thickness of the concrete slab is subtracted from the reference point. At the next stage of work, several marks are made on the foundation. Thus, the points of the lower and upper parts of the floor become known. You can perform all actions using a level; with its help, accuracy will increase and the work process will significantly speed up.
Further preparatory actions. For a concrete slab, or rather a floor, the base in the basement will be dense layers of soil. You can use a vibrator to compact the soil. However, to use this mechanism you will need to have special tool. Also, compaction of the soil structure can be done using a bulk mass, which is a log with a diameter of at least 30 cm. To perform this important task, a wide platform is attached to the tree trunk. Under its influence and the total weight of the wood, the soil is compacted.
Preliminary actions in relation to the monolithic strip base slab are additional bedding throughout the basement area. To make it you will need the following Construction Materials as: sand or crushed stone of medium fraction. When purchasing material for powdering, you should remember that sand must be selected at least average size. The size of the bedding layer should not exceed 50 cm. The sandy appearance of the pillow plays a role drainage system, which evenly transfers mass from the building to the ground. In some situations, in order to make the layers denser, they are watered with a small volume of water, after which they are sprinkled and compacted again.
An important component of a strip-type foundation is the installation of high-quality moisture protection. Most often, ordinary film is used for this, which is made of polyethylene or membrane types of materials with high density. Pouring the concrete screed can only be done after the waterproofing has been laid out around the entire perimeter of the room. It is important to remember that all joints of waterproofing material must be overlapped exclusively. The film must be made larger than the area of the room, this is necessary in order to bend the edges. For details of preparation and laying on the ground, see this video:

It is important to remember during the period of pouring the screed that the floor structure can be made warm. This action can be performed using a heated floor design. It runs on electricity, and consumes a small amount of energy, but heats the entire area well.

The final stage in arranging the floor on the ground

In order to make a concrete structure for a reliable floor, the pouring process must be carried out in several stages. If the concrete consistency will be made with your own hands, then the following material will be useful:

cement grade 300 or 400;
fine sand;
water;
medium small crushed stone.

All of the above elements should be thoroughly mixed in an electric concrete mixer, adhering to certain proportions. If this is not available construction tools, you can make a wooden box. You can mix concrete consistency in it. Answers to basic questions about the device of this type watch the floors in this video:

Fill the concrete mixture along the beacons

Level beacons are installed in the room. The floor will be poured along them. A well-mixed solution is poured from the extreme corners of the room, while tamping is performed. This is necessary so that there is no porosity, that is, air formations, in the structure of the concrete consistency.

Levels out concrete mixture indoors using a special long aluminum rule. After pouring concrete, the room should be left for 30 days. This time will be enough for the structure to fully harden.

After this period, a specialized mixture is poured over the structure, which is necessary for high-quality leveling of errors.

Heat accumulation in country cottage or country house building– the key to creating an energy-efficient home. You can independently lay a floor placed on the ground on one of the types of strip foundations using a screed. The technology is suitable for budget construction and large-scale housing construction work.

Features of floors on the ground

Ground flooring is multi-layer construction, promoting high-quality ventilation and stability of the building. Overlapping in the form of a tape is justified for buildings with low ground floors and the impossibility of installing a monolithic base.
Concrete floor structures located on the soil include the following elements:

bedding in the form of sifted river sand, which is compacted;
a layer of medium-fraction material - crushed stone or expanded clay;
rough screed made of cement mixture;
layers of hydro-, steam- and thermal insulation;
finishing screed made of cement mortar;
final floor finishing.

A building cake organized in layers protects the structure from freezing and the appearance of condensing sediment. The floor design is durable, strong, and easy to implement, but requires financial investment.

SNiP: information for the developer

Installing a floor along the ground line will be effective if you adhere to the recommendations of SNiP 29.13330 of 2011. The document specifies a number of conditions under which the technology will be justified:

Carrying out waterproofing works. Optimal material– extruded polystyrene foam placed under the sole of the building. Foam boards help retain geothermal heat.
Choice optimal thickness layers. The need to create a structure and its thickness depend on the level of subsoil moisture, the load of the structure and the possibility of heating. When the groundwater level is less than 2 m, sand bedding is not used, and the rough screed is replaced by pouring crushed stone. Loads of more than 0.2 t/1 m2 require reinforcement with wire 4 mm in diameter.
Availability of a drainage system. Laying drains is required when high level groundwater. In private construction, storm drains are used to drain flood, ground or melt water.
Backfilling with non-metallic bulk materials (20 cm of sand and the same amount of crushed stone) followed by compaction will prevent subsidence of the foundation.
Laying geotextile fabric is relevant only when installing filter communications or drainage. Otherwise, the soil will not be compacted, compromising the strength of the foundation.

Belt base technology – optimal for country house construction. It minimizes the cost of making each layer of the pie, increases the service life of the house, is maintainable and reliable.

Varieties of base in the form of a tape

The base in the form of a tape is suitable for the construction of buildings made of heavy materials and on soils that are heterogeneous over the entire area. Simple technology arrangement of the structure makes the base of the first floor strong and prevents shrinkage. The strip base allows you to equip a basement and is used in the construction of houses with complex configurations.
The tape, which is installed under the internal and external walls of the home, is easy to install. The product needs large quantities building materials - concrete, wood for formwork, reinforcement, etc. In construction practice, several types of strip foundations are created.

Monolithic or poured design

It is erected directly on the construction site. The structure is subject to additional reinforcement, and after hardening it forms a rigid, inextricable monolith.
The foundation requires the mandatory construction of formwork made of metal or wood that can withstand the weight and pressure of hardened cement, this is metal or wood. The frame can be removable or non-removable. For stability, the concrete masses are additionally insulated and waterproofed. The monolithic base is durable and has high strength.

Prefabricated strip base

It is assembled from factory reinforced concrete blocks, which, after delivery to the construction site, are connected using reinforcement and cement mortar. When constructing a low-rise structure on sandy soil, it is permissible not to use cushion blocks.
The disadvantage of the design is the difficulty of perfectly fitting the elements in terms of the complex configuration of the structure of the future house.
The prefabricated strip base has many advantages:

construction is carried out in the shortest possible time;
labor costs for arranging the foundation are minimized by renting special equipment;
work can be carried out even in winter.

On prefabricated foundation a basement or basement floor is being built.

Combined structure

A combined strip foundation is used on difficult soils when it is necessary to raise the level of the first floor in the presence of a slope or on moving soil. The construction allows to reduce heat loss throughout the house.

Rubble and brick types

The rubble base is one of those that takes a long time to build, but it is considered the most durable - it does not freeze and is not exposed to groundwater. The work involves selecting stones according to shape and connecting them cement mortar. The rubble concrete type differs from the previous one in the equal ratio of stone and cement (50/50). Brick strip foundation is standard brickwork using concrete. It is recommended to use it on dry soils and be sure to install high-quality waterproofing.
The foundation in the form of a tape is suitable for laying floors on the ground in reinforced concrete, stone and brick houses with a density of more than 1300 kg/m3.

Advantages of tape monolith

Foundations in the form of a strip allow you to organize an underground floor and provide thermal insulation for a private house. The design has many advantages:

prevents the penetration of subsoil gases into the home when proper waterproofing and backfill.
the underground space does not require ventilation systems.
the soil and concrete slab accumulate heat, which is suitable for frame and other houses with thin walls.
concrete screeds – comfortable base, an ideal thermal platform for organizing “warm floors”.
thermal insulation of the structure reduces the risk of foundation freezing and swelling.
for communications laid at the backfill level, minimal insulation is required.

The internal space of the strip structure is backfilled, insulated and waterproofed before the installation of the concrete floor begins.

Material selection technology

Building materials for arranging floors on the ground on a strip foundation are selected depending on the level of the structure. To reduce construction costs, the screed is performed working from top to bottom:

lay a reinforcing frame that will support linoleum, carpet, laminate, tiles, boards or a base made of multilayer plywood;
they are lined with foil insulation, which reduces the number of heating points;
lay waterproofing, mainly roofing material, film;
cover the base with a thickness of 4-7 cm based on M200 cement, crushed stone and sand;
form a sand cushion, which is compacted with a vibrating plate to a depth of 20-30 cm.
pour the main screed of durable concrete.

The selected materials will make it possible to carry out the construction of floors in a technologically correct manner. The amount of consumable raw materials can be determined approximately. For standard floor surface According to the soil level, you will need 30 cm of sand, 5-10 cm of concrete, 10 cm of insulation, 5-7 cm of screed and finishing materials.

Arrangement of floors on a strip foundation

All work is divided into several stages. When performing each task, it is necessary to follow the algorithm - so the structure will be strong and reliable.

Backfilling the sand layer

Before starting the activities, you need to take into account the need to compact bulk raw materials - manipulations will compact the sand cushion. The tasks are performed in stages:

Sand is laid in a layer of 10-15 cm and compacted dry with a vibrating plate.
The compacted material is watered with a hose equipped with a spray nozzle. It is important not to oversaturate the material with moisture, because... Do not compact it further.
Reconsolidation is carried out. The vibrating plate is used twice, changing the direction of movement.
Sand is poured again.

You need to walk over the moistened material several times with a vibrating plate and wait until the layer dries.

Construction of reinforcement frame

It is difficult to reinforce strip-type foundations - the process is labor-intensive. Experts advise following a step-by-step work technique:

Lay several smooth crossbars with a diameter of 6-8 mm, lengthening them by 100 mm.
Calculate the pitch - the distance over which the cement mortar will be poured.
Place ribbed longitudinal reinforcement with a diameter of 12 - 16 mm on the transverse pins. Form the bottom belt.
Mount the upper rods at the mating points in a vertical position.
Place 2 longitudinal rods on the elements. Form the bottom belt.

The connections of the reinforcing frame are welded and tied with clamps or wires.

Pouring the foundation on a pillow

The base foundation is created on a ready-made cushion of crushed stone and sand. The concrete mass is made in proportions 1:3:6 based on M200 cement and other materials. Self-concreting consists of the following steps:

Filling the starting layer with a thickness of 10 cm.
Secondary pouring of the mixture to a height of 40-50 cm.
Compacting the mass with a vibrating rammer or piercing with a reinforcing pin.

To reduce work time, the cement mortar is poured in one go.

Laying a waterproofing layer. Vapor barrier

The work is intended to protect the underground structure from moisture. Pre-made concrete footing will ensure even application of materials for fusing or gluing. The pre-concreting procedure is relevant in conditions where groundwater is close or when constructing basements.
The waterproofing process is carried out according to the construction algorithm:

A polyethylene film 150 microns thick is laid with an overlap of 15-20 cm, and then the seams are taped.
To ensure reliable protection against the penetration of moisture and condensation, a second layer of waterproofing is laid in the same way.
Insulation is carried out with polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam. They are placed in a layer of 10 cm.

Using polyethylene film, protect it from contact with the cement mortar.

Types of screeds

Construction of the floor on the ground is carried out using two techniques - dry and self-leveling. The choice of technology is at the discretion of the site owner.

Performing a dry screed

The technology involves the formation of layers - a cushion based on crushed stone, sand filling, rough screed and waterproofing. Then, using special ready-made mixtures, the floor covering is being screeded. The finished compositions are laid out as follows:

Install beacons (planks or profiles) and fix them with putty.
Crushed expanded clay composition is poured between the beacons. Level the material over the waterproofing layer.
Lay the slabs, which are secured with adhesive-sealant or using self-tapping screws 19 mm long.

Finishing installation work The edges of the film are cut off, and the resulting gaps are sealed with sealant.

Self-leveling floor screed

Self-leveling floor technology creates ideal smooth surface for subsequent finishing. The arrangement of the coating has a number of features:

The waterproofing layer is cleaned of dust and treated with liquid glass diluted with water in a 2:1 ratio. The surface is treated in 2-3 layers, after each has completely dried (1 hour);
The filling mixture is prepared manually based on bulk material and water. The composition must be kept for 10 minutes and the kneading repeated.
The mass is poured onto the floor in a layer of 0.3-1 cm and leveled with a spatula.
Air bubbles are eliminated by rolling a needle roller on the surface.
The mixtures formed after drying are eliminated using a putty mesh.
Finishing is done after the mass has hardened.

The installation of a self-leveling screed compensates for the load of the house, eliminates wall shrinkage, and isolates noise from heating equipment.

Construction rules

When making floors on the ground, try to respect the boundaries of the layers, fill and lay waterproofing along the beacons. When conducting communications, place the wires in a metal box, the holes of which must be sealed. Be sure to check the quality of the layers - this is the only way the structure will gain strength and reliability. The floor at ground level can be lined with insulation, on top of which boards, tiles or laminate can be laid.
With a technologically correct design of the floor, careful control of the height of the layers, and selection of a strip foundation, the product will last up to 50 years.

Heat accumulation in a country cottage or country house is the key to creating an energy-efficient home. You can independently lay a floor placed on the ground on one of the types of strip foundations using a screed. The technology is suitable for budget construction and large-scale housing construction work.

Features of floors on the ground

Flooring on the ground is a multi-layer structure that promotes high-quality ventilation and stability of the structure. Overlapping in the form of a strip is justified for buildings with low basement floors and the impossibility of installing a monolithic base.
Concrete floor structures located on the soil include the following elements:

bedding in the form of sifted river sand, which is compacted;
a layer of medium-fraction material - crushed stone or expanded clay;
rough screed made of cement mixture;
layers of hydro-, steam- and thermal insulation;
finishing screed made of cement mortar;
final floor finishing.

SNiP: information for the developer

Carrying out waterproofing work. The optimal material is extruded polystyrene foam placed under the sole of the building. Foam boards help retain geothermal heat.
Selecting the optimal layer thickness. The need to create a structure and its thickness depend on the level of subsoil moisture, the load of the structure and the possibility of heating. When the groundwater level is less than 2 m, sand bedding is not used, and the rough screed is replaced by pouring crushed stone. Loads of more than 0.2 t/1 m2 require reinforcement with wire 4 mm in diameter.
Availability of a drainage system. Laying drains is required when the groundwater level is high. In private construction, storm drains are used to drain flood, ground or melt water.
Backfilling with non-metallic bulk materials (20 cm of sand and the same amount of crushed stone) followed by compaction will prevent subsidence of the foundation.
Laying geotextile fabric is relevant only when installing filter communications or drainage. Otherwise, the soil will not be compacted, compromising the strength of the foundation.

Strip foundation technology is optimal for country house construction. It minimizes the cost of making each layer of the pie, increases the service life of the house, is maintainable and reliable.

Varieties of base in the form of a tape

The base in the form of a tape is suitable for the construction of buildings made of heavy materials and on soils that are heterogeneous over the entire area. A simple technology for arranging the structure makes the base of the first floor strong and prevents shrinkage. The strip base allows you to equip a basement and is used in the construction of houses with complex configurations.
The tape, which is installed under the internal and external walls of the home, is easy to install. The product requires a large amount of building materials - concrete, wood for formwork, reinforcement, etc. In construction practice, several types of strip foundations are created.

Monolithic or poured design

Prefabricated strip base

construction is carried out in the shortest possible time;
labor costs for arranging the foundation are minimized by renting special equipment;
work can be carried out even in winter.

A basement or basement floor is built on a prefabricated foundation.

Combined structure

Rubble and brick types

The rubble base is one of those that takes a long time to build, but it is considered the most durable - it does not freeze and is not exposed to groundwater. The work involves selecting stones according to shape and joining them with cement mortar. The rubble concrete type differs from the previous one in the equal ratio of stone and cement (50/50). A brick strip foundation is standard brickwork with concrete. It is recommended to use it on dry soils and be sure to install high-quality waterproofing.
The foundation in the form of a strip is suitable for laying floors on the ground in reinforced concrete, stone and brick houses with a density of more than 1300 kg/m3.

Advantages of tape monolith

Foundations in the form of a strip allow you to organize an underground floor and provide thermal insulation for a private house. The design has many advantages:

prevents the penetration of subsoil gases into the home with proper waterproofing and backfilling.
the underground space does not require ventilation systems.
the soil and concrete slab accumulate heat, which is suitable for frame and other houses with thin walls.
Concrete screeds are a convenient base, an ideal thermal platform for organizing “warm floors”.
thermal insulation of the structure reduces the risk of foundation freezing and swelling.
for communications laid at the backfill level, minimal insulation is required.

The internal space of the strip structure is backfilled, insulated and waterproofed before the installation of the concrete floor begins.

Material selection technology

lay a reinforcing frame that will support linoleum, carpet, laminate, tiles, boards or a base made of multilayer plywood;
they are lined with foil insulation, which reduces the number of heating points;
lay waterproofing, mainly roofing material, film;
cover the base with a thickness of 4-7 cm based on M200 cement, crushed stone and sand;
form a sand cushion, which is compacted with a vibrating plate to a depth of 20-30 cm.
pour the main screed of durable concrete.

The selected materials will make it possible to carry out the construction of floors in a technologically correct manner. The amount of consumable raw materials can be determined approximately. For a standard floor surface at soil level, you will need 30 cm of sand, 5-10 cm of concrete, 10 cm of insulation, 5-7 cm of screed and finishing materials.

Arrangement of floors on a strip foundation

All work is divided into several stages. When performing each task, it is necessary to follow the algorithm - so the structure will be strong and reliable.

Backfilling the sand layer

Before starting the activities, you need to take into account the need to compact bulk raw materials - manipulations will compact the sand cushion. The tasks are performed in stages:

Sand is laid in a layer of 10-15 cm and compacted dry with a vibrating plate.
The compacted material is watered with a hose equipped with a spray nozzle. It is important not to oversaturate the material with moisture, because... Do not compact it further.
Reconsolidation is carried out. The vibrating plate is used twice, changing the direction of movement.
Sand is poured again.

You need to walk over the moistened material several times with a vibrating plate and wait until the layer dries.

Construction of reinforcement frame

It is difficult to reinforce strip-type foundations - the process is labor-intensive. Experts advise following a step-by-step work technique:

Lay several smooth crossbars with a diameter of 6-8 mm, lengthening them by 100 mm.
Calculate the pitch - the distance over which the cement mortar will be poured.
Place ribbed longitudinal reinforcement with a diameter of 12 - 16 mm on the transverse pins. Form the bottom belt.
Mount the upper rods at the mating points in a vertical position.
Place 2 longitudinal rods on the elements. Form the bottom belt.

The connections of the reinforcing frame are welded and tied with clamps or wires.

Pouring the foundation on a pillow

Filling the starting layer with a thickness of 10 cm.
Secondary pouring of the mixture to a height of 40-50 cm.
Compacting the mass with a vibrating rammer or piercing with a reinforcing pin.

To reduce work time, the cement mortar is poured in one go.

Laying a waterproofing layer. Vapor barrier

A polyethylene film 150 microns thick is laid with an overlap of 15-20 cm, and then the seams are taped.
To ensure reliable protection against the penetration of moisture and condensation, a second layer of waterproofing is laid in the same way.
Insulation is carried out with polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam. They are placed in a layer of 10 cm.

Using polyethylene film, protect it from contact with the cement mortar.

Types of screeds

Construction of the floor on the ground is carried out using two techniques - dry and self-leveling. The choice of technology is at the discretion of the site owner.

Performing a dry screed

The technology involves the formation of layers - a cushion based on crushed stone, sand filling, rough screed and waterproofing. Then, using special ready-made mixtures, the floor covering is screeded. The finished compositions are laid out as follows:

Install beacons (planks or profiles) and fix them with putty.
Crushed expanded clay composition is poured between the beacons. Level the material over the waterproofing layer.
Lay the slabs, which are secured with adhesive-sealant or using self-tapping screws 19 mm long.

Upon completion of the installation work, the edges of the film are cut off, and the resulting gaps are sealed with sealant.

Self-leveling floor screed

Self-leveling floor technology creates a perfectly smooth surface for subsequent finishing. The arrangement of the coating has a number of features:

The waterproofing layer is cleaned of dust and treated with liquid glass diluted with water in a 2:1 ratio. The surface is treated in 2-3 layers, after each has completely dried (1 hour);
The filling mixture is prepared manually based on bulk material and water. The composition must be kept for 10 minutes and the kneading repeated.
The mass is poured onto the floor in a layer of 0.3-1 cm and leveled with a spatula.
Air bubbles are eliminated by rolling a needle roller on the surface.
The mixtures formed after drying are eliminated using a putty mesh.
Finishing is done after the mass has hardened.

The installation of a self-leveling screed compensates for the load of the house, eliminates wall shrinkage, and isolates noise from heating equipment.

Construction rules

Our house has a strip foundation. Initially, we thought of making a ventilated subfloor under the floor of the first floor, but when pouring the foundation, we forgot to make vents in it for ventilation. There was an idea to drill out these vents, but later, after thinking it over carefully, we decided to abandon the underground - all kinds of mold, rodents and insects love to live in it. We decided to simply pour a monolithic concrete floor on the first floor inside the strip foundation.

We started work by insulating the foundation strip.

They decided to insulate it from the inside. For insulation, we took 5 cm thick EPS slabs. In fact, insulation of the foundation is usually done from the outside, but by this time we had already installed flashings above the foundation. The tides hang over the foundation by 4-7 cm - we expected to lay the foundation lining under them. The cladding requires about 2-3 cm, so we simply didn’t have any room left for insulation on the outside.

The slabs have a size of 120x60 cm, and the foundation strip rises about 30 cm. In order not to cut the slabs, we simply buried them a little in the ground. The upper edge of the insulation belt rises 5-10 cm above the foundation strip. Subsequently, the space between the insulation slabs and lower crowns the log house will be filled with any heat-insulating material or polyurethane foam. This solution will allow us to completely stop heat leakage from the house through the cold concrete foundation in winter.

Another task that we needed to solve before pouring the monolithic concrete slab was the installation of a foundation for the fireplace chimney. We are planning to make a ceramic chimney in a casing made of concrete blocks. The structure is very heavy, so it was necessary to additionally strengthen the foundation where the chimney was installed.

In the place where the chimney was installed, we dug a hole 70x70 cm with a depth of about 50 cm. The size of the chimney is only 50x36 cm - we made the foundation with a reserve so that when installing the chimney we could slightly adjust its position or, if necessary, rotate it 90 degrees.

The reinforcement was tied inside the pit, and formwork was placed along the contour. Formwork is needed so that the chimney foundation is not connected to monolithic slab floor. In case of shrinkage due to the heavy weight of the chimney, the floor should not be damaged.

After this, it was possible to level the soil surface and cover everything with a layer of sand. In the photo in the corner you can see a sewer pipe with a diameter of 50 mm sticking out of the ground. We laid it down so that in the future we could run an electric cable through it into the house.

The pipes in the photo are the water supply and sewer systems that were previously installed in the house.

To compact the layer of sand, water was poured on it. In the future, this water will either go into the ground or be absorbed by the concrete when it dries.

A reinforcing mesh is laid on a layer of sand. Laying is carried out over the entire floor area. So that after pouring the concrete, the mesh is inside the slab, it is raised above the floor, placing pieces of foam plastic underneath.

Concrete was poured directly from the mixer, feeding it through the window. To avoid splashing the walls, we lined them with old pieces of plastic film.

And here is the first concrete “bun”. You can use it to check the consistency of concrete. In our case, it turned out to be a bit thick, so we had to add water to increase the fluidity.

After that, the concrete flowed in a torrent. And the builders simply dispersed it across the entire floor area with shovels.

The surface of the poured concrete floor was leveled using a regular board.

After alignment, this is the picture we got.

Already in this photo you can see small irregularities. But we were not faced with the task of obtaining a perfectly flat floor - this is just a rough, solid concrete base, on which waterproofing, insulation and a finished floor will still be laid.

After drying it turned out to be such a beauty. The thickness of the concrete slab is about 10 cm. The slab is poured approximately 10 cm below the top edge of the foundation strip. In the future we will concrete floor install joists about 15 cm high, lay insulation between the joists, and lay the finishing floor over the joists. The insulation layer will cover the joint between wood and concrete, which is now covered with EPS slabs.

The photo shows that the concrete at the site of the chimney foundation is darker, because... there is a much thicker layer there - about 60 cm. Plus, this concrete bedside table comes into contact from below with the deeper, moist layers of the soil and “pulls” moisture into itself.

Floors on the ground

Replacement wooden floors first floor in an old stone house on floors on the ground. Click on the photo to enlarge.

Ground floors are the concrete floor of the first or basement/basement floor, lying “directly on the ground”, i.e. there is no air space between the floor and the ground. Floors on the ground are often made if the house is built on a strip foundation, i.e. the floor is poured between the walls of the tape. It is not recommended to build floors on the ground if the ground level is high.

This floor should be:

warm
impervious to moisture from the soil
relatively durable

Floors on the ground are not load-bearing. Those. their strength is needed to withstand the loads from the finishing flooring, furniture, people and interior partitions. The load-bearing walls with ceilings and roof continue to stand on a strip foundation.

Floors on the ground are a multi-layer structure. Each layer performs a specific function. In this regard, ground floors are similar to a slab foundation.

First, the excess fertile soil layer is removed and the surface is leveled and compacted. Then a pillow is made: coarse sand is poured, leveled and thoroughly compacted. Crushed stone from 10 cm is poured on top and also carefully compacted. A vibrating plate is used to compact the sand/crushed stone cushion; it runs on gasoline. If workers do not have their own vibrating plate, it can be rented (it is inexpensive). Tamping and rolling crushed stone/sand is very important; you should never skimp on it!

A useful feature of crushed stone is that it does not suck moisture from the soil. The evenness of the pillow must be checked with a laser level.

Many developers make the cushion in different ways: some only from sand, some only from crushed stone, some from a layer of sand and then a layer of crushed stone. According to reviews, with proper compaction, all these options work well. Let me remind you that crushed stone and coarse sand are good non-heaving soils.

A thin concrete rough screed of 3-5 cm is made on top of the pillow. Its purpose is to create a flat surface for laying waterproofing and insulation. Accordingly, there is no need to spend money on its reinforcement. After the rough screed has hardened, the waterproofing is laid. It can be waterproofing films in two layers or bitumen waterproofing, you need to look at the money and the State Regulations.

Then insulation is laid - extruded polystyrene foam, which is much more durable than ordinary polystyrene foam and can withstand significant loads. Insulation is needed to keep the floors warm, at approximately the same temperature as the air in the room. EPPS also partially performs the function of waterproofing (except for its joints).

It is impossible to compare the insulation of walls and floors based on the ground. In winter, the ground underneath residential building with floors on the ground and an insulated blind area, it has a positive temperature, at least in the European part of Russia. Therefore, 5 cm thick EPS should be sufficient.

Next, a full-fledged concrete screed of 5-10 cm is made on top of the insulation (the thicker it is, the more load it takes). It will hold the finishing floor and partitions; at the same time, it can be considered a heavy heat accumulator (this is a plus), because it is located between the insulation and the room. Unlike a conventional screed over, for example, floor slabs, when screeding floors on the ground, reinforcement (mesh or reinforcement) is required. Usually it is reinforced welded mesh 10x10 cm or 15x15 cm with a wire thickness of 3-6 mm.

The finishing flooring is installed on top of the main screed.

I have described one of the popular flooring designs on the ground, although in fact several of them can be invented. I drew a diagram below:

Here: 1 - main screed (any finishing coating can be laid on it), 2 - EPS, 3 - waterproofing, 4 - rough screed, 5 - crushed stone/sand/crushed stone with sand, 6 - natural soil, 7 - strip foundation, 8 - wall.

Please note that the waterproofing extends onto the tape, i.e. possible moisture from the soil is completely cut off from the room and walls. Also note that the insulation extends onto the tape, i.e., firstly, it partially cuts off the cold coming from the tape, and secondly, it is an expansion joint. But it’s still better to additionally insulate the tape on the outside and the blind area.

An expansion joint is needed if heated floors are used, when the concrete screed can suddenly heat up from the pipes in it and expand. If there are no warm floors, then expansion joint not required.

People often change the design of floors on the ground in order to save money. Someone refuses waterproofing and everything is fine: compacted crushed stone does not suck water up, plus groundwater deep. But it's still risky.

Someone refuses insulation and thereby warms the soil under the house. I would not recommend doing this; with insulation under a concrete screed, heating costs will be lower. I myself have a concrete floor on the ground without insulation, and if I were to do it all over again, I would definitely put in EPS. It's not a matter of heating costs, but more of a matter of comfort; the floor feels cold. If there is a layer of EPS under the concrete, then the temperature of the floor will be almost the same as the air in the room.

The benefits of flooring on the ground must be calculated. It may turn out that it is cheaper to build conventional “hanging” floors.

If you choose floors on the ground, then it is necessary to insulate the base of the foundation, otherwise you will get a cold bridge at the point of contact between the screed and the base of the tape.

With floors on the ground, of course, there is no need to install vents in the strip foundation. But if the foundation is being built and it is not yet clear what will happen - floors or floors on the ground, then it is better to make vents, and then, if it is decided to make floors on the ground, the vents can be laid.

The most common option for constructing a foundation for small private houses is when a shallow strip foundation is made (there is no basement), and the floor base is created directly on the existing soil. This is done where there is no threat of high groundwater levels, and the terrain of the area is homogeneous, lying at approximately the same horizon level. If the soil is located at a large slope and the soil moisture is excessive throughout the year, it makes sense to make the base of the floor of the first floor of the house at a distance from the ground, leaving a ventilated space between them. We will look at the features of both flooring options in private homes in this article.

Features of the foundation structure

The advantage of floors that rest directly on the underlying soil layers is that they do not carry additional load on the foundation of a private house. The floors of the first floor, which are not in contact with the soil, provide for the construction of a kind of floor slab that rests on the foundation. Therefore, the second option requires taking these features into account when designing and calculating the required width of the base.

If the base of the floor of the first floor is a reinforced concrete slab, you should definitely take care of waterproofing the foundation itself and the place of its contact with the overlapping structure, especially if this option is chosen due to high soil moisture. A slab that is not insulated with a water barrier will draw moisture from the foundation, which will lead to its premature destruction and loss of strength, as well as the penetration of dampness into the house. In addition, care should be taken to ventilate the space between the ceiling and the soil, thereby reducing the level of humidity here.

Construction of the first floor floor on the ground

This method of arranging floors in a private house where there is no basement is considered the simplest in terms of execution and inexpensive in terms of materials costs. There are two main options that apply in this case:

installation of a concrete floor base (screed);
installation wooden floors by lags.

Each of the presented options has its own characteristics, both in terms of the complex of necessary works and in terms of the final result. The choice often depends on which building material is the main one when constructing the house itself. If the walls are made of logs or timber, a wooden floor will be more organic. In a stone or brick building would be better suited screed But this is not an absolute pattern, so there may be other combinations.

Insulated concrete screed

A concrete base that is poured over the ground has long been used in all kinds of utility and technical buildings, such as garages, sheds, and warehouses. On the first floors of private houses without a basement, concrete screeds began to be used as a basis for the finishing floor covering relatively recently. Several factors influenced the popularization of this method, such as:

the need to create smooth horizontal surfaces, which is required by some types of modern floor coverings;
the emergence of accessible materials for effective thermal insulation;
installation of water heated floor systems for heating.

Now we will step by step consider how to properly create a concrete screed on the ground on the first floor of private houses.

Preparation and rough filling

Preparatory work begin with compacting the soil and adding a cushion for the rough screed. You can compact the soil either manually, using a simple device in the form of a piece of log with an attached double-sided handle, or mechanical devices that exist for these purposes. In order for the compaction process to be most effective, the soil surface is abundantly moistened with water.

The initial layer of bedding is selected based on its total thickness. If the distance from the soil to the level of the intended floor is significant (more than 25-30 cm), the most accessible material is used first. It could be construction garbage or clay.

Next, the pillow is formed by a layer of coarse crushed stone, the thickness of which should be about 10 cm. The gravel creates a rigid base, roughly levels the surface and prevents possible capillary rise of moisture from the underlying layers. A sand (or small crushed stone) cushion about 5-7 cm thick is formed on top of the gravel. The quality of the sand does not play a role here, so a clay-rich quarry option is quite suitable. The sand cushion is leveled as much as possible, after which a durable polyethylene film. The latter performs two functions:

first layer of waterproofing;
an obstacle to water contained in concrete.

The film is laid completely, extending up to 15 cm onto the walls. Now you can pour the rough layer of concrete. For these purposes, a lean solution is usually prepared, where the ratio of fillers (sand and crushed stone) and cement is approximately 9:1. Here, instead of crushed stone, if possible, you can use expanded clay. A pillow made of expanded clay concrete will provide additional insulation floor bases. Rough screed is formed in a layer of about 10 cm. Despite the fact that the initial filling should not have perfect surface, it is advisable to level it more carefully. This will facilitate further waterproofing and installation of insulation.

Important! Sand of any kind is not suitable for preparing concrete. The quarry material contains a lot of clay, which will sharply reduce the strength of the concrete slab and lead to its cracking. For these purposes you need river sand or washed, including for the preparation of expanded clay concrete composition.

The rough layer is usually not reinforced, since the load on it is small. After pouring, a break in work is necessary to allow the concrete to gain strength. Although the material completely crystallizes within 26-28 days, it is enough to wait a week. During this time, concrete with sufficient moisture gains about 70% strength. During this period, you need to ensure that the concrete surface is properly moistened, especially if the work is carried out during the hot season. To do this, you should generously wet the maturing concrete 1-2 times a day.

How to waterproof and insulate a floor?

For the main waterproofing layer, it is better to use not polyethylene fabric, but a full-fledged, reliable material. Here it will be sufficient to treat the rough concrete base with bitumen followed by laying the rolled material. Roofing felt or hydroglass insulation will do. Rolls are rolled out with an overlap of adjacent strips by 10-15 cm. Hot gluing in in this case You don’t have to use it, but you must treat the joints with bituminous material. Roll material laid with an approach to the wall surface above the level of the intended finishing screed.

You can insulate the floor with dense polystyrene foam (it is cheaper) or extruded polystyrene foam. The second is preferable for these purposes, since it is much stronger, absolutely hydrophobic, and its slabs usually have tongue/groove joining elements at the edges, which greatly simplifies its installation. The seams between the insulation sheets can be filled with polyurethane foam or treated with special glue. Foam also needs to go through the gaps around the perimeter of the room between the wall and polystyrene foam.

Finishing fill

For these purposes, a solution is prepared with a normal ratio of 4:2:1, or 3:3:1, where crushed stone, sand, and cement are respectively. Before final pouring of concrete, it is necessary to lay a mesh for reinforcement and install beacons, thanks to which it will be possible to achieve a strictly horizontal surface.

Reinforcing mesh can be used metal with a cell of 100 mm, or rigid plastic. The reinforcing elements are laid with an overlap (1-2 cells), not reaching the wall by about 1.5 cm. Here, a damper tape is glued around the perimeter, which is designed to compensate for temperature changes linear dimensions screeds. The mesh should not lie on the insulation, but should be located approximately in the center of the concrete layer. To do this, use special stands or improvised means ( bottle caps, brick fragments, etc.).

After installing the final subfloor and carefully leveling it (grinding or self-leveling solutions), all that remains is to wait for it to fully mature and begin laying the final floor covering.

Installation of wooden floors

Despite the wide variety of modern floor coverings, wooden floors have a lot of adherents among consumers. This can be understood considering that wood is the most environmentally friendly material, which is capable of creating a favorable microclimate in a residential area. Moreover, modern boards, which are used for flooring, make it possible to create an ideal surface without cracks, which appearance is in no way inferior to parquet.

Classic way floor planking assumes the presence of logs, - wooden beams, which are located parallel with a certain step, which depends on the thickness of the floor wooden layer. On the ground floor of a private house, when the installation of floors is carried out on the underlying soil, the preparatory and intermediate work before creating a rough foundation and its waterproofing is no different from that described above. That is, for a high-quality device wooden floor a reliable leveled concrete base is also required.

After installation load-bearing beams the floor should be insulated. The use of expanded polystyrene here is undesirable, since these materials do not allow steam to pass through, which can cause water condensation to form, which will adversely affect the wood. In addition, foam plastic, for example, can be favored by rodents, which will lead to some discomfort.

For a wooden floor on the joists of the first floor of a private house, it is better to use mineral wool, or rather one of its varieties. However, when laying mineral wool, you should take care of the moisture insulation of the insulation. If a hydraulic barrier has already been created from below (on top of the rough screed), then all that remains is to arrange upper layer hydrobarrier film.