Modern country or country houses They are rarely built as one-story buildings; they are mostly two-story, three-story, or one-story buildings with an attic floor. In this case, there is always a need to somehow make possible high-quality movement between floors. A good decision There will be the production of wooden stairs that could provide comfortable entry and carrying of heavy furniture or equipment. Let's say right away - this is not an easy matter. And if it is possible to order at least a project or even ready-made staircase elements from the manufacturer, then it is better to do so. Well, if you are confident in your abilities, have carpentry skills and free time, you can try to make the stairs yourself. In this article, we will briefly talk about what types of stairs there are, how to perform calculations and how to make a staircase.
Wooden staircase design
It is necessary to choose a staircase design based on the space that can be used, the convenience of location, configuration and lifting, as well as aesthetic considerations.
Conventionally, all wooden staircases can be divided into spiral and marching.
Spiral staircases are used quite rarely. Mainly in conditions of extremely limited space. The second reason may be the owner’s wish - for aesthetic reasons. It is worth noting that spiral staircases are not very functional. For example, it is extremely difficult to carry heavy furniture over it. In other words, it can only serve for the descent - ascent of one person. To make it you will need to perform complex calculations, since it will rest on one pillar - a support. The slightest error in strength calculations can lead to dire consequences.
Marching stairs- the most common. They consist of flights, they are also called “flight of stairs”, i.e. directly the steps and platforms that separate the marches. There can be one or several marches. And there may be no platforms at all if the staircase is single-flight.
Marching stairs can have different design, you can see them in detail in the diagram below.
There are direct marching stairs. Moreover, they can be single-flight or double-flight, separated by a platform for ease of movement. Such stairs can be located against the wall or not rest on the wall at all. Characteristic feature Straight stairs are that they take up a lot of space.
Most often, to save space and ease of use, two-flights are made between floors inside the house. turning stairs. The rotation can be at a right angle (90°) or at any other angle, up to 180°.
The march can have a curved design with a convenient angle for entering the stairs. In this case, all steps can also be rotary.
Also, two-flight and three-flight stairs may not have platforms, but only turning steps.
In order to choose the right staircase design for a given situation, it is necessary to take measurements of the free space that can be used under the stairs, make small calculations and draw a drawing. The drawing should show how the staircase is positioned, whether its elements are in the way, and how comfortable it will be.
Elements of wooden stairs
The photo above shows the elements that make up the stairs and their names.
Kosour represents load-bearing beam, which supports steps and risers from below. It bears all the loads.
Bowstring also performs a support-bearing function. At the same time, there are recesses in it into which the steps are inserted at the end. This design used on one side if the staircase is adjacent to a wall, and on both sides if the flight is sandwiched between two walls. The bowstring is less preferable than the stringer due to the fact that it is not able to withstand heavy loads. Therefore, even if the staircase is adjacent to the wall, they still try to do it on stringers.
steps for stairs - wooden beams, consist of a tread (horizontal) and a riser (vertical). We step on the surface of the tread with our feet. And the riser is a vertical beam under the step, which encloses the tread space and performs a supporting function. You can make stairs without risers, in which case the step space will be free, your foot will not rest, but the structure will be less strong and reliable.
The steps can be rectangular, radius for a beautiful approach to the stairs, rotary at a certain angle to replace the dividing platform, and winder - the first step of a non-standard shape.
Railing for stairs - wooden balusters and handrails. Their shape and size may vary. Basically, railings are made to order, in the shape that the customer desires.
If the staircase is more than one flight, its design includes support pillar or pillars at the turning points of the stairs.
Before you start making the stairs, you must make calculations and complete a drawing. On the stairs wooden drawings manufactured both independently and using special architectural programs. In the latter you can also perform calculations. A good solution would be to contact companies specializing in wooden stairs. This way you can be confident in the quality and accuracy of the calculations.
Calculation of a wooden staircase
Number of steps and riser height
To determine the height of the stairs, measure the distance from the base of the finished floor of the first floor to the finished floor of the second floor. If the finished floor is not yet equipped, then its dimensions must be calculated “by eye”. Because the wooden staircase only goes to the finished floor. IN in this case Let us assume that the height from floor to ceiling is 250 cm, the thickness interfloor covering together with the floor - 35 cm. Total 285 cm.
We make calculations based on the height of the riser. The fact is that most often this size is standard and ranges from 15.2 to 19.7 cm. It is believed that this height is the most optimal for ease of use. Anything less will slow down your step. The big one is too heavy to climb and difficult to descend. From this interval we take the average value (you can take any) - 17 cm.
Number of steps = staircase height / riser height;
Since the number of steps cannot be uneven, we round up - 17 pieces.
In this case, we have two ways. We can make the first winder step small, and the rest with a riser of 17 cm. Or we can recalculate and get a more accurate, but uneven result.
To do this, divide the height of the stairs by the number of steps: 285/17 = 16.76 cm.
So we can complete 17 identical steps with riser height 16.7 cm.
It is believed that the minimum tread width for convenience should be 22 cm, and the maximum 37 - 40 cm. If it is less, it will be difficult to descend; if it is more, the step will be lost.
For a more accurate calculation, there is a dependence:
- 2a + b = 64 cm;
- a + b = 47 cm;
a - riser height;
b - tread width.
Let's try the second formula: 47 cm - 16.7 cm = 30.3 cm. This width is quite acceptable, we can round it up to 30 cm.
For fun, let’s calculate using the second formula: 2a + 16.7 = 64; a = 23.65 cm. This width is too small, so we will use the data obtained from the previous formula.
Width of a wooden staircase
In principle, the width of the flight is not strictly regulated in any way, but the number of flights will depend on the space that can be used for the stairs.
It is believed that the minimum comfortable width of a flight of stairs is 80 cm. If the stairs are narrower, there will be difficulties with passage fat people or carrying furniture. Options from 100 to 140 cm will be successful.
In order for the entire staircase structure to look organic, you can use the following hint: the width of the march must be a multiple of the width of the tread. In our case, these are 60 cm, 90 cm, 120 cm and 160 cm.
Stair length
To calculate the length of the stairs, we only need two values, which we have already calculated: the width of the tread and the number of steps.
Stair length = tread width * number of steps(without the last one - this will be the floor of the second floor);
30 * 16 = 480 cm.
4 meters and 80 cm- quite a long length, which “eats up” a lot of space.
Therefore, if it is not possible to arrange such a staircase in one flight and straight, you will have to change the design and make it two flights with a rotation of 180 °. In this case, you can make a dividing platform, or you can make turning steps. It is most convenient to carry out such calculations in special programs; the location of the staircase elements will also be clearly visible there.
Clearance height above steps
An important parameter. The beginning of a flight of stairs is almost always at the ceiling, thus reducing the free space above the head of the person walking up the stairs.
Even at the stage of creating the drawing, it is necessary to calculate the height from the highest step located under the ceiling to the ceiling. Minimum permissible value, capable of providing comfortable access to the stairs even for the most tall people, is 195 - 200 cm.
Stringer length
Calculated using the Pythagorean theorem.
Length of ladder2 + height of ladder2 = length of stringer2;
4802+2852= stringer length2;
230400 + 81225 = stringer length2;
Stringer length = 558,23 cm. Take with a margin of 560 or 580 cm.
How to make a wooden staircase
The most simple solution will order from the company a design and finished elements of the staircase, with all the necessary cutouts. All elements will be numbered. After the disassembled stairs are delivered to the construction site, the wooden stairs are assembled according to the attached drawing and diagram. So you don't have to buy special tool for pruning and dusting in the house.
We purchase material for wooden stairs
If you decide to do self-installation wooden stairs, start by purchasing building materials.
For bowstrings or stringers, a beam of 50*250 mm is required. Its minimum width can be 150 mm, if the staircase design allows.
For the risers, we purchase beams with a thickness of at least 25 mm; you can take even thicker ones.
For beam treads, it is better to take from 30 to 40 mm. Or you can use the same ones as for the steps.
We order handrails and balusters from the manufacturer or buy ready-made ones, since to make them yourself and beautifully, you need to have considerable experience, knowledge and skills.
Installing stringers or bowstrings
We cut the beam that we bought for the stringers at the top and bottom so that the required length of the stairs is obtained. Then we cut off another thickness of one tread from below, i.e. 5 cm.
Important! The fact is that when we calculated the number of treads, we did not take into account the thickness of the steps. It is really not important for the entire structure, except for the first step - its height does not increase by the thickness of the tread.
We cut off the excess. It is better to use a jigsaw or saw. But if you don't have it, you can use a hand saw.
Then we place the stringer in the place where the ladder will stand. Its upper edge should rest against the ceiling, and the lower edge should rest tightly against the floor of the first floor. We check the horizontality of the cuts for the steps.
Important! We need two such stringers, but depending on the loads that the staircase must withstand, there may be more stringers. In this case, we cut out all the rest, using the first one as a template.
We thoroughly sand all surfaces. If necessary, we mill the outer edges, making curves (for beauty).
The bottom and top of the stringers must be connected to each other by a beam. To do this, we cut them into quarters from the bottom and top. We fix it to a thick beam anchor bolts. If it is possible to secure the stringers to the walls, then we also use anchors.
If we use one string, then it must be cut to the required length. Then cut out holes inside using a cutter - recesses for the steps. The string is secured to the wall with anchors.
Important! Checking correct location bowstrings and stringers on the other hand, they should be located at the same level so that the steps do not have a slope.
Installing steps and risers
After the stringers are tightly secured, we begin to install the risers.
To do this, saw the beam into required amount risers of a certain length. We level them relative to each other and sand them.
We fix it to the stringer with self-tapping screws front side. Then we will putty them or hide them under decorative elements. You can also use special glue.
When all the steps are installed, we proceed to the steps - treads.
To do this, we also cut the beam into the number of steps minus one. Then we sand their surface and mill the protruding outer edge with an angle.
Then we place them on top of the risers and secure them with self-tapping screws.
Important! If we use a string on one side, then we insert the step into the groove cut in the string, having previously coated the edge of the step and the hole in the string with glue.
We install the balusters on the steps and secure them with studs 100 mm long and 8 mm thick.
We install and secure the railings on top with self-tapping screws.
At this point the work is completed, only painting remains. wooden stairs. To better preserve the wood, while preserving its natural beauty, you can use special transparent varnish coatings.
In this article, we looked at making a wooden single-flight straight staircase with our own hands. If the project involves a staircase of a different design, then the installation will be different. For example, for a two-flight staircase, the first step is to install and secure the platform and support pillar, and then stringers, risers and steps are installed. In this case, some steps may not be straight, but rotary and rounded.
When building a house, there is often a need to build stairs. After all, most projects imply the presence of a second floor. Stairs between floors can be built from different materials. However, wood is one of the simplest, most environmentally friendly and convenient. Even a beginner can handle this material.
Of course the work will take certain time. However, the work will quickly pay off, because a design made with soul will serve long years to the delight of the owners. In addition, building a staircase with your own hands is a significant cost savings.
Types of wooden stairs
In total, there are two main types of wooden stairs:
- screw;
- marching.
Marching stairs are the simplest, so it is best for a beginner in construction to take on the construction of such a structure. Spiral staircases are very complex; they require careful calculations and measurements. One mistake and the design may not work.
Marching stairs are divided, in turn, into two types: single-flight and double-flight. Both varieties are not that difficult to make yourself.
Straight staircase
Before you make a wooden staircase with your own hands, you need to purchase materials and prepare tools.
From the materials you need to take:
- thick boards (they will go on the steps);
- bars of a fairly large cross-section (about 40 mm);
- screws.
Before you make a wooden staircase, you must definitely think through its design on paper.
It would be very unwise to build without a drawing, so before building the stairs you need to take measurements and make a rough plan.
When taking measurements, you need to take into account:
- height of the stairs;
- angle of inclination of the structure;
- number of steps;
- width.
You can create a similar diagram in in electronic format. There are special computer applications that allow you to create such models. Professional software for construction purposes may even have 3D functionality. However, it is not at all necessary to create such clear example when calculating a simple staircase.
Bowstring or stringer?
A simple marching staircase can be installed on stringers or on bowstrings. The difference is that the stringers are located on the side of the steps, and the stringers are located under the steps.
A simple flight staircase, as a rule, has two side strings. The steps are attached on both sides. The design described here will be arranged in exactly this way.
Installation
Painting the stairs
The entire process of painting stairs can be divided into three parts:
- Preparation;
- painting;
- protection (varnish layer).
First you need to prepare each element of the staircase for painting. This involves two types of work: puttying and sanding. Putty is produced special mixtures, which are intended exclusively for wood. It is prohibited to use compounds that are not suitable for wood.
When the putty layer has dried, you can begin sanding the surfaces. Grinding is carried out in two stages. The first stage is rough, superficial. After that you have to wait a couple of days. Very soon it will become noticeable that fibers are rising on the surface of the wood. Before the second grinding, they must be blown with air.
After grinding work the board becomes perfectly flat and smooth. Now you can start applying the coating.
When the surface of the stairs is ready for coating, you need to decide what it will be. Before painting a wooden staircase with paint, you need to apply a layer of primer. It is better to choose a primer that matches the color composition.
The choice of paint is best made among alkyd and urethane types of coating. They are ideal for painting flight of stairs. For flowers, it is preferable to take something light.
If desired, you can use stain instead of paint. The advantage of stain is that it perfectly emphasizes the unique grain of wood. The staircase will look just great. Natural drawing is always preferable. Why hide it with coloring compounds when it can serve as a decoration in itself.
The stain can be chosen together with the varnish. It is advisable not to save money when purchasing. After all, the better the composition, the longer the structure itself will last. Stain - not only decorative finishing. This composition perfectly protects against various factors.
When the paint has dried, apply to the surface finishing layer varnish It is better to choose a matte varnish; a semi-matte variety is also suitable. In the case of stairs, varnishing is carried out in three stages. The composition is applied three times, and before each new application the previous layer must dry thoroughly. If bubbles form on the varnish, they must be sanded down.
If you still want to make a spiral staircase in your house, then you can try the simplest installation option. The advantage of this design is that it significantly saves space.
During construction, it is important to take into account that the stairs are not too steep. If there are elderly people and small children in the house, then it is wiser to abandon such a design, because it can be dangerous.
The easiest way to install a spiral staircase is to buy a ready-made, already measured kit and simply install it. Savings on installation will also bring significant benefits.
Design spiral staircase consists of three main elements: posts, railings and steps. It is better to choose oak steps. They are not only one of the most durable, but also have high aesthetic characteristics. Stained and thermal oak also look very good.
Before purchasing, you need to measure the dimensions of the future staircase in order to choose the design that exactly suits your home. A more expensive option is to hire a specialist who will measure everything himself, and then place an order for the design. If you have construction skills, you can make the steps yourself, ordering only the stand and railings. Most often, posts with railings are metal, but there are also wooden varieties.
Staircase device
- The steps on one side have a place for attachment to the rack. On the other side there is a hole for the railing.
- The stand is most often metal. It has a flange to which the steps are attached.
- The most simple design spiral staircase - "in duck step". A special shape of steps is assumed here.
- The rack is mounted between floors. It is attached to the floor with anchor bolts.
- When the rack is installed, you can begin installing the steps. The distance between them should not exceed 20 cm. This is necessary for safety reasons.
The spiral staircase also has many decorative details. Moreover, each set can have its own decorations and various elements fastenings. When installing a regular flight of stairs, the calculation is carried out differently; the geometry of the opening is rectangular. In a spiral staircase, the staircase opening is a circle.
Video
You can learn more about the process of constructing wooden stairs in the following videos:
If you still decide to order the production of wooden stairs to the second floor, contact a trusted company with good reviews, compare prices for wooden stairs. It's up to you to buy ready-made stairs or make them yourself.
Ladder- this is one of the main elements of the interior design of a room, therefore, when designing it, attention should be paid not only to reliability and functionality, but also appearance. Before you take on making a wooden staircase with your own hands, need to be taken into account a large number of factors on which not only its design, but also its dimensions will depend.
These factors include:
- available room area,
- height,
- maximum load, for which the staircase is designed,
- ease of use for people living in the house.
Today there are a huge number of design options interfloor stairs, so choosing a suitable design is quite a difficult task.
Choosing which staircase to build
Marching and spiral staircases. The design of the flight of stairs is quite simple and is best choice, if you plan to make it yourself, however, in order to ensure an acceptable slope and height of the steps, a considerable area is required. This ladder is very easy to use and can withstand heavy loads. It can be used to easily lift furniture and other large objects to the second floor; in addition, it is safer, so it will be the best choice if children or elderly people live in the house.
The spiral staircase has a more complex structure. It is used in conditions of limited space, when due to lack of space it is not possible to provide a safe slope of an ordinary staircase. The main disadvantages include the not very convenient design, which makes it difficult to lift and does not allow carrying large objects. At the same time, a skillfully made spiral staircase has sufficient strength and can be the main element of the interior.
Safety first!
Before you start DIY staircase making, you need to take care of her safety. Firstly, it must be durable and easily withstand a load several times greater than the weight of a person of average build. Secondly, the ladder should be comfortable and ergonomic. In this case, it is necessary to pay great attention to such factors as the height of the steps, the slope of the stairs, as well as the location and shape of the railings. The steps must have a non-slip coating, and the spaces between the balusters are chosen in such a way that the child cannot squeeze through them and fall.
Design features of stairs
Depending on the method of fastening the steps, flight stairs can be on bowstrings, stringers or rails.
- Stairs on bowstrings have two side beams to which the steps are attached. Such squirrels (strings) can be made of metal or wood. They can be attached to a wall or special supports, ensuring high strength of the entire structure.
- The steps of the stairs on stringers are attached to beams, which are located below and repeat the geometry of the entire structure. Such beams (stringers) can be straight or curved. Straight stringers, as a rule, have a jagged shape, with the steps superimposed on the teeth.
- Stairs with bolt-jointed steps are highly durable, so this design does not require additional supports and can be supported on two points. The steps are attached to each other using metal rods- bolts, which completely eliminates creaking caused by friction of two wooden surfaces.
How to make a staircase with your own hands. Selecting materials
Wood is most often used to make stairs coniferous species, because it is affordable and easy to process. An oak staircase will be more durable, but the cost of such a structure will increase several times, and besides, processing this type of wood is quite labor-intensive and requires certain skills.
The main stages of staircase manufacturing
Let's look at the basic principles of making stairs using an example wooden structure on stringers. Before you start designing, you need to understand that any, even minor errors and inaccuracies in calculations can lead to serious problems that arise during installation, so each stage should be treated with extreme care. Our future staircase will consist of three main elements: steps, handrails and stringers. On initial stage everything needs to be done necessary calculations designs.
Calculation of the width and height of steps
To calculate the size of steps, the formula 2A + B = 64 cm is usually used, where A is the width and B is the height. Typical step heights range from 140 to 170mm. We measure the height of the future staircase and divide by the expected value of the height of the steps.
Let's assume it is 240cm, and the desired height of the steps is 17cm. We divide the resulting value by the height of the steps 240/16=15 and round the result to the whole part, therefore, our future staircase will consist of 15 steps. Now we determine the exact height of the steps; to do this, we divide the height of the entire staircase by the number of steps: 240/15 = 16 cm. We find the width using the formula, using the height value, we get 24cm. You can also use the table.
The protrusion (the part of the step overhanging the riser) should be no more than 3-4 cm. The greater the height of the riser, the narrower the step itself, but its width should not be less height. Most optimal width steps should correspond to shoe size forty-two (29-30 cm.)
When calculating the stairs, it is also necessary to take into account the distance between the steps and the objects located above them (ceiling, beams, balconies, etc.). It should be at least 1.9-2 meters.
The horizontal size of the stairs is determined as follows: the width of the steps is multiplied by their number, it should be taken into account that the floor surface serves as the first step, so in our case the calculation will look like this: 13x24=312cm.
If the height of the stairs is large enough, you can make a platform. It is recommended to make such platforms in 7-8 steps. In the case when it is necessary to design a staircase with a certain number of steps, you can reduce their height in order to create a landing.
Making stringers
Can be used as a material for making stringers pine board 40mm wide. Make a pattern that exactly repeats the dimensions of the steps' profile and apply markings to the prepared boards. Then cut out the teeth using a hacksaw or electric jigsaw. In those places where the riser meets the step, it is necessary to cut the corner. Having made one stringer, you can use it as a template for the rest. Since the strength, safety and durability of the staircase depend on the stringers, you should not skimp on their quantity, as well as on the quality of the material from which they are made. The boards must be free of knots and any signs of insect activity. Consider how to attach the stringers. To achieve the required strength, as a rule, 3-4 stringers are enough.
Installation of steps and railings making wooden stairs with your own hands
The steps can be attached either directly to the stringers or with the help of additional wooden elements- fillies. Measure and cut out the required number of steps and risers from wood, remembering to take into account the overhang. The steps are attached using nails or self-tapping screws.
The design using triangular fillies is more reliable. The fillies are attached using dowels, for which grooves are pre-made. Most robust design obtained using fillies complex shape, while a special cutout is made on the stringers. The connection of the staircase elements is carried out using glue and self-tapping screws.
After the steps are ready, you can screw the railing balusters to them. In order to protect the tree from the influence of destructive factors (dampness, mold and harmful insects), it is necessary to apply a paint coating.
Making a wooden staircase with your own hands is, in principle, not so difficult. All you need for this is quality wood, necessary tool and a little patience. Before you start work, carefully consider all the nuances future design and check your preliminary calculations several times.
Make a staircase with your own hands.
You can do everything with your own hands if you have the right hands, a set of tools, and most importantly, you want to make wooden stairs with your own hands. In this case, this article will allow you to try making stairs with your own hands and make simple stairs on the veranda, which will cost as much as budget ladder, when you make a simple staircase, a spiral staircase with your own hands will also be within your power. During the “do-it-yourself staircase” process, you will have to decide a number of issues: technical calculation of the staircase, it would be nice to sketch out a simple diagram of the staircase with your own hands, a drawing of what you will do when you decide to make wooden stairs with your own hands. To make a ladder yourself you will need tools: a hacksaw, building level, plane, sandpaper, metal ruler, pencil, hammer, paint brushes, drill, screwdriver. The materials for the “do-it-yourself staircase in the house” process will require: wooden boards 100x20x2.5cm, timber 150x25x5cm, timber 100x5x5cm to make balusters with your own hands, nails 10cm, 7cm, screws L=10.15cm, drying oil, stain, varnish, anti-rotting impregnation, anti-woodworm impregnation. As the work progresses, you may need some more tools, but in the construction of stairs a very complex and special tool is not used, so there will not be any special problems in finding it (not provided). If you cannot independently make a drawing for the construction of a concrete staircase with your own hands And concrete staircase You are “too tough”, use the projects of wooden cue stairs, with their help you can make wooden stairs with your own hands, including you can get a wonderful modular staircase.
Stairs photo. 
So, let's build a staircase with our own hands. First of all, you need to make a calculation of the stairs, think about the size of the stairs, the design of the stairs and decide on the terms. Calculation of a staircase for a wooden house is needed so that it is convenient to climb it, in addition, the staircase must fully meet certain requirements security, which are specified in regulatory documents. We will not bother you with the study of these documents, and we will present the main requirements as the story progresses: make your own stairs. Now about the terms. Here are the main components that any staircase has: steps, under steps, stringers, handrails. The stringer is the main load-bearing part of the staircase, it is on it that the main load occurs when people walk on the stairs, there are options for stairs without steps, but this greatly weakens the structure, so we will consider the option DIY stairs in the house (photo) under the steps. The photographs below are more clear about the elements of a wooden staircase; you can also see an approximate design of the staircase.
Stairs photo.
We have decided on the terms. Now we need to set the dimensions your own wooden stairs
hands (photo): width of the stairs, width of the steps, angle of inclination and height under the steps. If we talk about the width of the stairs, then they usually take the width at least a meter, this is necessary so that furniture can be brought into the house, household appliances and so on. In our case, the width is set by the overhang of the terrace or veranda. We recommend reading the article about bathroom design.
Calculation of the angle of inclination of the stairs, width and height of steps DIY wooden staircase (photo).
Determine the height of the stairs. To do this, we attach a straight board to the terrace, like the beginning of the stairs, the photos are shown below, check the horizontal, adjust the horizontal if necessary and measure the height of our stairs. To prevent the level from falling, it is secured with tape to the board. In our example, the height of the stairs is 145 centimeters.
Making your own stairs 
About the angle of inclination of the stairs. The angle of inclination of any staircase is regulated by standards and has a range of angles from 30 to 45 degrees. If you begin to deviate from these rules, then when you make the stairs, you will notice that the angle is less than 30 degrees, it is dangerous to walk, the angle is more than 45 degrees, the stairs will take up a lot of space. The angle of inclination of a particular staircase is determined individually, depending on the number of steps and their height. The approximate ratio is summarized in the table of stairs for the house.
Go down the dimensions of the gatherings.
As practice shows, a staircase with a step height in the range of 140/170 mm and a tread width of 300/370 mm is the most comfortable and safest for movement. This is explained by this. The width of the step is taken according to the length of the average person's foot, and the height of the step corresponds to the step height of the average person. The higher you make the steps, the larger its width will be and vice versa. But there is a rule - width 
The minimum step corresponds to its height.
If you get very narrow standard round steps, then this is not entirely good for safety, but their width can be added another 20/40 mm due to the protrusions. Do not forget that we said at the beginning of this article about the width of the entire staircase, the most comfortable width is 1 meter, but if your conditions do not allow, you can reduce it to 70 centimeters; usually this is done for house projects on a narrow plot; making the width smaller is not recommended. Our staircase has seven steps, the eighth step of the stairs in DIY cottages is the terrace surface.
DIY staircase diagrams, photos and drawings.
Making a kosour stairs in wooden house with your own hands.
We need to see how you will attach the stringer to the terrace. You can either support it on the beams of the terrace, or make the beams fly out from under the platform. This must be done locally. In addition, the best option for a platform on which a wooden staircase will rest is concrete. Need to take wooden beam, mark it as shown in the first photo, and cut grooves for the steps, without under any circumstances cutting them, the cut points will be stress concentrators, along which the staircase may collapse. First, make one kosuor and then, using it as a template, mark the rest, in our example there are four kosuor. As can be seen from the photo, the more stringers, the stronger the structure will be. Seat angles 
under the steps, knock down 4/5 mm with a plane. This is necessary for a good fit of the steps and under the steps to the stringer. Having installed the stringers in place, you can mount the steps into the house, not forgetting about the overhang of the steps if they are narrow.
Stairs pictures.
Installation of balusters.
Wooden balusters, drawings, sizes, options, of which there are many, and mount the handrail in last resort, you can make balusters from metal, but that’s another topic. How to make balusters with your own hands is very clearly visible in the second photo of the article, where you can also see the diagram for installing balusters. 
Finally, I would like to note that all wooden parts must be impregnated with woodworm and rotting impregnation, treated with a plane and sanded the surfaces, impregnated with drying oil and, after installation, varnished. The wood for the stringer, for the steps, and the handrails is pine. Under steps and balusters and pillars, the best option - oak board and bars. The scope of our article cannot include various options wooden stairs in the interior photos can be viewed online.
During construction frame house Sometimes the question arises: how to build a wooden staircase? Most projects imply the presence of a second or attic floor. Stairs come in a wide variety of materials.
But wood is the most popular and simple material, as well as environmentally friendly and convenient. Anyone can handle this material. Building and installing a staircase with your own hands is a significant cost savings.
There are two main types of wooden stairs - spiral and marching.
Marching stairs are the most common and simple, and if you are new to construction, choose this type of stairs.
As a rule, such diagrams are compiled in electronic form. There are special computer programs and applications that will allow you to create such models. Professional programs For construction organizations have a 3D function. Although, for the construction of a flight of stairs this is not at all necessary, the usual on paper will be enough.
Standard interfloor wooden stairs are installed on stringers or strings. The difference is this: the bowstrings are located on the side of the steps, and the stringers are located under the steps.
A flight of stairs usually has two side strings. Its steps are attached on both sides. Let's consider the installation and installation of stairs using this technology.
Installation of a flight of stairs
Initially we compose detailed diagram for stairs and its parts. We first cut steps from the boards, make 2 bowstrings and special supporting bars. Next we connect the steps with the bowstrings. We make a supporting block under each step. We mount all bowstrings to the floor and walls.
Bowstring and bowstrings Spiral interfloor wooden staircase
Oak spiral staircase If you can’t build a staircase with your own hands, then you can opt for a ready-made screw wooden structure. The advantage of this staircase is that it will significantly save space in the house.
When building a spiral staircase, it is important to take into account its angle of inclination. If it is too steep, it can be hazardous to health, especially if there are children and elderly people in the house.
A simple way to install and assemble a spiral staircase is to purchase a ready-made, measured structure. installation will also bring you significant benefits.
A spiral wooden staircase consists of three main parts: a counter, a railing and steps. When choosing wood for your steps, choose oak. He is not only one of the most durable materials, but also different beautiful view and excellent characteristics.
Before buying a spiral staircase, measure the dimensions in detail to choose the right design specifically for your home. There is another option - to hire a specialist who will take all the measurements himself, and after that place an order for the stairs. If you have construction skills, you can make the steps yourself, ordering only the post and railings. Usually posts and railings are made to order, turned, although they can also be rectangular.
Spiral staircase design
- On one side, the steps are attached to the rack, and on the other they have holes for railings.
- The stands are most often metal. They have a flange to which the steps are attached.
- The most common staircase design is “duck step”. It involves a special shape of steps.
- The rack is mounted between floors. It is secured to the floor using anchor bolts.
- After installing the rack, the steps are installed. The distance between steps should not exceed 20 cm. This is necessary for your safety. When assembling and installing steps, make sure that the last step of the stairs fits exactly to the floor of the second floor.
The spiral staircase, like the marching staircase, has many decorative elements and details. And each set has its own decorations and various details, and fastening elements. When installing and assembling a simple flight of stairs, the calculation is different; the geometry of the opening here is rectangular. The opening at the spiral staircase is a circle.
If you decide to order a ready-made wooden staircase, then contact a proven and reliable company, with good reviews. It’s up to you to buy a ready-made wooden staircase or make it yourself.
Painting the stairs
Painting the stairs Painting the stairs is divided into three main parts:
- preliminary preparation of all parts of the stairs;
- painting the stairs and its parts;
- painting the stairs with a protective varnish layer.
Before starting work, we need to prepare each element of our staircase for painting. And this means: and. Puttying must be done with special mixtures for wood. The use of compounds not suitable for wood is strictly prohibited.
When the putty layer has dried, we begin sanding the surface. Grinding takes place in two stages. The first stage is rough, also called superficial. After that you need to wait a few days. You will notice that lint forms on the surface of the wood. Blow them with air before the second sanding.
After completing the sanding work, the board will become perfectly flat and smooth. Now feel free to start applying the first coat.
Before you start painting, apply a coat of primer to the wooden stairs. And it’s better to choose a primer that matches the paint.
When choosing paint, focus on alkyd or urethane types of coating. These paints are ideal for a flight of stairs. From color range choose lighter colors.
If desired, instead of paint, you can use, or use stain or varnish. The advantages of stain are that it perfectly emphasizes and highlights the unique grain of wood. Your staircase will look perfect. Choose a stain along with a varnish. And don’t skimp when purchasing. The better the quality of the coloring composition, the longer the staircase will last you. Stain is not only a decorative finish, but also protection against various factors.
After the paint has dried, apply a final coat of varnish. Choose matte or semi-matte varnish. Varnishing is carried out in three stages. Moreover, before each subsequent application, the previous layer of varnish must dry. If air bubbles form on the varnish, simply sand them down after painting.