Before you gain access to this or that source, you should sift through a lot of information that will undoubtedly be useful. The opinions of participants in the thematic forum can also become decisive in the choice of autonomous or centralized supply for both a cottage and a residential village. Communication with the neighbors around you, who have already drunk the cup of ordeal in this matter, will also become more useful.
Giving preference to deep, you will have to deal with compounds of iron, sulfur, magnesium and calcium salts. Dissolved iron is always present and their use in food is contraindicated. As a consequence, this is the inevitable use of mechanical, bacteriological purification with filtration on and.
In the case of a 20-meter well, you will have to deal with nitrates, nitrites, heavy metals, petroleum products, including other surfactants. A thorough, serious water treatment system will be required to eliminate bacteria, various microorganisms, fertilizer residues, manure heap runoff and other surface impurities. After settling such a liquid, it will be necessary to use the same filtering devices and carry out a comprehensive analysis of it.
For central supply systems, the presence of hardness salts and chlorine compounds is most likely to occur. These compounds will also require deferrization and softening.
So why stop at a central water supply or a well, if the plot is registered and purchased, fenced, the house is already being built.
The natural desire to have your own artesian structure prevails over the option of centralized supply. However, in addition to the suitability of the site for a sanitary protection zone, the owner will need strong nerves, patience - for about five years and very large financial reserves.
However, all organizational issues are often taken over by specialized organizations involved in drilling operations. But a complex of technical, technological, supply, and transport issues, including, cost money. In anticipation of this, for a period construction work, you can get by with enough for technical, construction needs and even irrigation.
Centralized water supply is more and more often acceptable for facilities mass development. IN in this case, someone (investor), purchasing an array, divides it into separate areas, builds appropriate communications on them and sells them to private owners. In this case, a part of the land on which to build is allocated, taking into account the project, sanitary zone and other permits. Drilling operations are completed by supplying water to each site.
Counts simple solution, but with a high risk of receiving technogenic contaminated water. There are also shallowings and drying out. There are also problems with modern filters.
The advantage of such a well is that there is no need for permits. So, the choice in favor of your own well or using the central supply line remains with the owner of the suburban building.
Benefits of a well
An artesian or lime well is considered to be a reliable source. This is, first of all:
. Decades of operation (sometimes 50).
. Unlimited supply with high quality.
. Preventing the ingress of waste and other surface liquids.
. No need for special equipment and equipment for lifting.
Disadvantages of the well
High construction costs.
. The need for iron removal and softening filters due to the high hardness of the source.
. Mandatory presence of a document permitting the use of subsoil.
Advantages of a trunk line
Connection to the central network will require permission from the organization operating the water supply system and the availability of technical conditions for connection to the main line. Perhaps this is the most convenient option with advantages:
. There is no need to build a well or carry out drilling work on the site.
. Unlimited use of moisture.
. The water supply service is responsible for the technical condition and maintenance.
. Providing moisture in the event of a power outage.
. No need for storage tanks.
Disadvantages of a trunk line
Centralized supply also has a number of disadvantages:
. The presence of rust and chlorine salts in the water.
. Stopping the supply due to emergencies on the main line or maintenance.
. Monthly payment for using water supply and many other expenses.
However, the ability to connect to the central network is not always possible due to the distance and small cross-section of the main line.
In almost all modern cottage villages, a central water supply system is included in the communications package, but there are villages in which central water supply is not provided. The cost of plots here is lower, but the owner will have to decide where and how to get water.
How, in this case, can one estimate the upcoming amount of costs before purchasing a plot? What difficulties might the owner of a site encounter in such a situation? What is the expected monthly water supply cost?
For central water supply Cottage villages almost always use artesian wells. One or more of these wells with a water treatment system provide residents with a continuous supply of drinking water in large volumes.
One of the most accessible and, accordingly, most common types individual water supply is the so-called “sand” well. This is a well 6–30 meters deep to a layer of sand or pebble capable of producing water. The resource of such a well greatly depends on the design and quality of the filter that is installed in the aquifer.
Let's compare the differences between a well and a central water supply:
| Type of water supply | Individual well | Central water supply |
| Well type | Artesian well | |
| Well depth | From 6 to 30 meters | From 100 meters |
| Water quality | For technical needs (irrigation, etc.), it is suitable for drinking only after multi-level water treatment. | Drinkable; for use in washing machines, dishwashers, does not harm faucets. |
| Drilling cost | From 1,500 rubles per meter of sand drilling, cost of pump, well construction, cost of filters | Included in the cost of communications when purchasing a plot in a cottage village |
| Fire safety | The water pressure from one shallow well is not enough to extinguish the fire. | There is a system of fire hydrants throughout the village |
| Filtration equipment | Periodic replacement of filters and pumps is necessary, if necessary. | Based on the water analysis, a water treatment station is selected; maintenance of the water treatment station and filters is included in the water tariff or is included in the cost of services of the village management company. |
| Life time | From 1 year to 5 years | About 50 years |
| Well maintainability | Not regular use leads to silting of the well, so it is necessary to periodically clean the installation. | The occurrence of water in limestone rocks, which are essentially a natural filter, avoids silting and repair work. |
| Sanitary protection zone | The small size of the plot does not allow to provide the necessary sanitary zone around the well, contamination from groundwater and neighboring sewage pits can enter. | A zone of sanitary protection from pollution must be provided around the artesian well. |
Development Director of the VodaSet company Anatoly Zakharov clarifies:
"The optimal water supply option country house in the village without central water supply There will be drilling of an individual well “on sand” at the site. Then it is necessary to install deep water filters, since the upper aquifers are subject to contamination by wastewater and surface water.
In the villages With central water supply purified water is supplied to the house from the central system, and a shallow well is drilled on the site for irrigation and other technical needs.
The cost of installing your own well includes:
- average cost drilling from 1500 rubles/meter (for sand) and 2500 rubles/meter for stone;
- Pump from 2 thousand rubles; good pump- from 6 thousand rubles;
- Construction of a well and bringing water to the house - from 10 thousand to 100 thousand rubles
- Water treatment system from 10 to 80 thousand rubles.
Cheap equipment (pump + well construction) breaks down very quickly, it is more suitable for a summer cottage and weekends, and if you plan to use a well all year round, then the equipment must be professional.”
In villages with developed infrastructure, residents have the opportunity to connect to the central water supply. It would seem a simple solution, but far from the most optimal.
Water quality in centralized system often leaves much to be desired: it is dangerous to drink, and it causes washing machines and dishwashers to malfunction.
The communications are mostly old, so there is a risk of accidents, and therefore interruptions in water supply. In areas of the Tula region, the condition of water supply systems is often deplorable: equipment breaks down, pipes freeze, and water supply is sometimes cut off for several months.
Having your own well gives the home owner complete freedom and independence from utilities, the condition of the pipes, season, air temperature and other factors. This is your personal autonomous water supply system, which will provide you with clean artesian water without interruptions - all year round and 24 hours a day. And you don’t have to pay for water from a well using a meter.
Well or well?
If there is no central water supply, the home owner has two options - a well or a borehole. And here you need to understand that wells are dug to a depth of about 20 m, and the water layer can lie at a depth of 50-70 m.
Therefore, by ordering a well, you will spend money, but you may not get water.
Secondly, the quality of well water is reduced due to melt and rainwater. Thirdly, in winter there is less water in the well, and in a dry summer it may run out altogether.
The artesian well has high performance(there is enough water even with high consumption) and is not subject to silting.
The wellbore is strengthened with a metal casing pipe, which protects the walls from crumbling and from dirt and ground moisture getting into the wellbore. There is a plastic pipe inside: it is notrots, does not rust, does not collapse under the influence of water.
It is completely sealed, so groundwater, melt water and other contaminants cannot enter it. It will not freeze in any frost, since the fence water is coming from great depth.
Is there water everywhere?
Everywhere. A well can be drilled in any area with guaranteed access to the aquifer. It does not require much space: 1 square meter is enough. meters, with the possibility of access roads for equipment.
A well will require financial investment only once, but for the next 50 years it will faithfully supply you with water.
Moreover, the water is of excellent quality: analyzes of water from wells confirm its drinking characteristics. You can safely drink it, it does not form scale on the household appliances. This water does not require additional system cleaning, although you can install it if you wish.
To drill a well, you need a small area - from 1 sq. meters and the possibility of access to it by equipment.
The TSENTRGIDROSTROY company will help you drill and equip a well. We have been working for more than 10 years and have our own fleet of equipment. The staff consists of specialists with 10-15 years of experience. We equip wells on a turnkey basis, with installation of everything necessary equipment, introducing water into the house, internal wiring and issuance of documentation. We work quickly (work completion time is from 1 to 5 days) and efficiently so that your well serves long years. We provide a warranty of up to 5 years, service.
Only until the end of April there is a special price - from 1800 rubles/linear. m.
To conduct water supply in a private house, you can use a well or borehole
There are several ways to supply water to a private or country house. Use a central water supply, a well or a borehole. Comparing the pros and cons of each method will help determine which option is better. In addition, it is possible to arrange a source for several houses.
In a private or country house, problems with water supply often arise. Typically, owners equip an autonomous source. As a rule, a well or borehole option is chosen.
A number of criteria are used to compare the pros and cons. First, the difficulty of finding the water layer is taken into account. From this point of view, the construction of a well is very difficult, because it requires thorough drilling. And for a well, due to its shallow depth, the procedure will not cause problems.
When choosing a source for water, you need to take into account the level of its pollution For residents, water quality comes first. In a well source, the liquid is protected by a large layer of soil. In a well, contamination can easily get into the source due to its shallow depth.
The development of both sources does not require any permits or documents. But if the depth of the artesian is large, then documentation may be required.
When installing a well, professional equipment is used, which simplifies the process. But for a well, most of the work is done manually. But when connecting communications there are more difficulties - when arranging the well option.
The amount of liquid in the well is greater than in the well. And this does not depend on the season, which is often observed at wells. The quality of the fluid itself from a well source is quite high, but the fluid may contain impurities. The problem is resolved using a filter. The quality of water in the well is getting worse and worse every year.
The longevity of a well source can be measured in decades. At the same time, installations rarely require maintenance. The well is also durable, but requires periodic cleaning. More high price observed during well construction.
Pros and cons of well construction
All positive and negative points due to the fact that the source is artesian. The liquid is particularly pure and is often sold in stores. The level of occurrence is quite deep, under limestone layers, which provides good filtration.
Additionally, you can make a list of the pros and cons of a well and a well
Pros:
- High quality water. This is the main advantage. The liquid is not contaminated by wastewater or melt water. The main thing is to drill at a considerable distance from sources of pollution. At the same time, the narrow shaft is easy to protect.
- Availability of constant good pressure. The time of year has no effect on this. So, there is enough liquid for several houses at once. Average productivity is 50 cubic meters per hour.
- Possibility of drilling at any time of the year. But it is important to do this when groundwater rises.
- You can choose any location for drilling. You can even arrange it in the garage and basement of the house. This can reduce construction costs and significantly save space.
- Easy maintenance. No need for frequent cleaning. The mine does not silt up because the water is quite clean.
- Durability. Can last for 50 years.
Disadvantages include the difficulty of drilling. There may be difficult places and boulders. Working under the house itself causes many problems. Space is limited, making it difficult to work.
Installation is expensive. In addition to expensive equipment, you need to purchase required elements installations and special filters.
If dirty, cleaning cannot be performed. All that remains is to drill a new structure.
Certain documentation is required. This includes permission, state registration and license. The device does not work without power supply. The installation is afraid of cold weather, so it requires insulation.
What to choose - a well or a central water supply
Owners most often choose the first. But along with an autonomous water supply, the device requires sufficient patience and financial costs. The drilling itself is performed by professionals. Registration of a license also requires separate costs.
Central water supply is most often used for apartment buildings. This option is also possible for mass development. Then the artesian source is dug into several areas. Water is supplied to every house. The central highway has a number of advantages.
If it is not possible to equip a well, you can connect to the central water supply Advantages of central water supply:
- There is no need to equip a well on the site or perform drilling work;
- Unlimited water supply;
- Communications maintenance is carried out by special services;
- When there is a power outage, the supply of liquid does not stop;
- There is no need to equip storage tanks.
To the disadvantages central highway refers to the presence of rye and bleach in the water. In the event of an emergency on the central line, the fluid supply is stopped. In this case, you need to pay for services every month. The connection itself for the private sector is not always possible due to the distance.
Disadvantages of wells include high cost, the need for additional filtration and the availability of permits.
The quality of water in a well source is considered to be the best. He will last for a long time, and the liquid will not lose its characteristics. In addition, pollution and runoff cannot enter it.
Use on a number of houses
To save money, you can equip a well for 3-4 houses. But this option is rarely used. The fact is that there are several technological features. You cannot use an adapter; you will only have to equip a caisson. The main advantage is the reduction in the cost of arrangement.
Quite often, one well can be used to supply water to several houses Minuses:
- First, problems arise with choosing an installation location. Which neighbor would sacrifice his own territory? In this case, the plot can be sold.
- Only one will have to connect the well to electricity.
- Water is used unevenly. A well is a common option for summer cottages, and some people only spend time there summer season. In the future, consumption between neighbors can lead to conflicts.
- Financial problems associated with equipment breakdown.
- Well debit. It will not be possible to determine the readings in advance. There may be enough water or very little. In addition, pressure drops cannot be ruled out. It is recommended to equip a pump.
- To increase the chances of getting enough water, you can drill the well deeper. But this does not provide any guarantees.
You can find a compromise and come to an agreement with your neighbors, but not everyone is ready to bear such responsibility. Many summer residents sooner or later abandon such an idea.
Installing a water supply system in a private home requires effort. First you need to determine the water supply option. The central water supply does not have any difficulties with maintenance, but the supply of liquid and its quality leaves much to be desired. It's better to have your own borehole or well. But when comparing two options, the first one wins.
In places with well-developed infrastructure, as a rule, there is a central water supply to which you can connect. But at the same time, concerns often arise about the quality of the water that such a water supply provides. And this question is justified, since basically the existing water supply systems are quite old, with a high degree of wear and tear, and therefore the quality of water inevitably suffers and frequent water supply shutdowns are likely due to repair work. But, nevertheless, the central water supply significantly simplifies and reduces the cost of water supply plot.
An alternative to central water supply is an autonomous water supply. Despite the fact that this method of water supply requires quite a serious initial financial investment, it is preferred by the majority of owners of private houses or cottages.
A properly organized autonomous water supply system is characterized by excellent water quality and complete autonomy from central systems.
Features of central water supply
Central water supply guarantees maximum convenience and no need to independently organize water supply for the site and home. One of the most serious obstacles to organizing a central water supply is the initial lack of it at the location of the site. If the infrastructure of the place is well developed, then to connect to the central water supply you need to obtain the necessary permits and call specialists who will make a connection to the central water supply.
At the same time, central water supply has a number of quite significant disadvantages:
- using a central water supply requires paying a monthly fee for use, and given the regular increase in prices for water supply, it is worth initially preparing for a constant increase in the cost of water supply to the site;
- when connecting to a central water supply, you need to take into account possible interruptions in the water supply due to regular maintenance;
- Only recently organized central water supply is characterized by the use modern equipment, but in places with an old central water supply, the wear and tear of the equipment is quite high, which leads to frequent breakdowns and water supply outages;
- for the same reason, the quality of water from the central water supply is quite low and often requires the use of an additional filtration system to possible use as drinking water.
What should you pay attention to when choosing a central water supply?
If there is a central water supply, you can choose it to supply water to the site or to a private house. In this case, you should pay attention to several rather significant points:
- when connecting to a new high-quality central water supply, practically no problems arise except for the organization of the sewerage system, but it is possible that this can also be solved by connecting to a centralized wastewater discharge and treatment system;
- if the house is used exclusively in the warm season, then care should be taken to turn off and completely drain the water supply system in order to avoid freezing and possible rupture of pipes;
- if the water supply is old and not designed for a large number of consumers, then maybe insufficient pressure water, which may cause malfunctions household appliances(dishwasher, washing machine and water heater) - in this case, you will have to install a special pump to create more water pressure;
- Old water supply systems are characterized by low water quality, so normal operation household appliances, as well as the possibility of drinking water, filters are installed in the water supply system for water purification.
The procedure for connecting to the central water supply
After deciding to connect to the central water supply, you need to perform certain actions:
- Initially, you need to obtain a special site plan, which indicates all existing underground communications;
- at the local water utility office, after providing the title documents, you need to obtain technical specifications connections to the central water supply;
- a licensed organization develops design and estimate documentation;
- after registering the documentation with the SES, the work is coordinated with organizations whose communications are available in the specified area;
- After this, a licensed organization can carry out work to connect a central water supply to the site.
IN last resort The devices are registered with the water utility and a contract for water supply is concluded.
Worth paying Special attention the fact that carrying out many stages requires contacting specialized licensed organizations, a list of which can be obtained from the water utility department, as well as numerous approvals.
Independent work on diverting the water supply to the site is unacceptable.
Autonomous water supply
Despite the significant convenience that a central water supply provides, even in places where there is a central water supply, an autonomous water supply is often chosen to supply a site or private house with water.
An autonomous water supply system assumes complete independence from the centralized water supply and the ability to independently control and regulate the quality of water in the water supply system. The main disadvantages of the system include the need for significant financial investments in organizing such water supply. Although the monetary costs are one-time and can be shared, for example, with the owner of a neighboring plot who also wants to organize an autonomous water supply.
One of the key stages in organizing an autonomous water supply system is drilling a well or a well and equipping it.
Since an autonomous water supply system may differ depending on the specific conditions and preferences of the owner of the site, it is initially worth consulting with specialists which option will be optimal:
- Most economical option organizations autonomous water supply- wells. Compared to drilling a well, they have a lower cost. But they should be chosen only in the case of a relatively small need for water, shallow water occurrence and the presence favorable conditions However, you should be prepared for the fact that the water in the well may be of very questionable quality.
- The ancient, but little applicable to modern reality, method of supplying water through a well has been replaced by a more effective method water supply - drilling a water well.
- Filter wells can be drilled up to thirty-five meters, which take about two days to drill, but they are subject to siltation quite quickly.
- The most optimal way of autonomous water supply is to drill an artesian well, which is drilled to a depth of twenty to two hundred meters, depending on individual conditions; drilling them takes about five days, but they are more durable, their minimum service life is fifty years.
Water from a well, due to changes in the environmental situation and numerous communications, currently often no longer meets safety requirements, so many people forgot about the well and began to use the most in modern ways organization of autonomous water supply for a site or private house.
A filter well as an alternative to a central water supply is relatively inexpensive, but also not durable. One of the features is the rather rapid siltation of the well. These wells are usually drilled to a depth of two to ten meters, in the case of shallow groundwater and the presence of sand. But, as a rule, at such a depth there is rarely potable water quality, therefore the main purpose of filter wells is technical. In the final version, the filter well is constructed from casing pipe, with a mesh filter at the end. The peculiarity of a filter well is that its lifespan directly depends on the frequency of use: the more often the well is used, the longer its service life. The productivity of such a well is approximately a cubic meter of water per hour.
Not wanting to use a central water supply to organize water supply on a site or in a private house, you can drill an artesian well, which, despite its high cost, fully justifies the cost of it.
An artesian well is drilled to a depth of up to two hundred meters, depending on individual characteristics location of underground groundwater. Water from such a well can be used for any household needs and used as drinking water. Unlike a filter well, an artesian well has a significantly higher productivity; it can reach one hundred cubic meters per hour.
Such wells are not subject to silting, and their service life is at least fifty years. To organize an artesian well, special metal pipes large diameter, the wall thickness of which must be at least five millimeters.
Autonomous water supply system on site or in a private house
To organize an autonomous water supply system on the site, you can resort to the services of professionals who will issue the necessary permits, carry out the necessary survey work and carry out the direct installation of the structure. In this case, the optimal time for drilling a well will be winter. Since drilling a well involves the use of specialized equipment, then winter time this will be less traumatic for green spaces and especially for the owner’s beds. Among other things, winter is not the season for companies involved in drilling and developing wells, and therefore it is possible to carry out work with significant savings in terms of money.
To organize a water supply, you must first decide on the location for drilling the well itself. The site for organizing the chamber, in which the automation and the well head are located, occupies at least four square meters, but it is optimal to locate it as close as possible to the house in order to save:
- you can choose more cheap option pump, since a short length of pipes does not require the same pressure as when increasing it, because in the latter case the pump must not only lift water from the well, but also push it through the water supply system;
- materials are significantly saved: not only the pipes themselves, but also backfill, insulation, etc.;
- the cost of digging a trench is reduced.
If the need for water is seasonal, then the well can be equipped with a cap, which is designed to seal the well, protect it from melt and rainwater, mechanical impurities, and facilitate the process of attaching the pump.
If the need for water is not limited to any period and is not seasonal, then a well with a caisson is drilled. With this drilling option, the well head is located below the soil freezing level, otherwise damage to expensive equipment during the winter cold cannot be avoided. The caisson helps to protect the well head from the penetration of groundwater and possible drainage of the sewer located nearby.
There are several nuances when developing an autonomous water supply scheme:
- during the development process, it is necessary to provide for possible changes in the water supply in the future, in which case an increase in the length of pipes or the number of consumers will not affect the specified fluctuations in water pressure in the pipes;
- To prevent damage to equipment from lightning strikes, it is necessary to carefully ground and lightning protection.
Installing and using additional containers will help protect yourself from possible water shortages and save money by storing it at night.
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Well and borehole: differences in structure and types
Individual water supply systems are more difficult to install because they require a direct source of water.
This can be solved in two ways:
- using a well (usual depth 10-15 m);
- using a well (depth of 10-15 m or more).
Wells
The well has been used for many centuries as a source of water, which is located in the permanent aquifer closest to the surface. Its shape is round and its diameter is from 0.5 meters. Rectangular wells are rare. The well passes through the water layer and is buried in a solid layer, which is 0.5-2 m below it. To raise the water, hand-held devices or electric pumps. Water gradually flows down from various horizons and accumulates in the well and is stored there in certain quantities. If you pump out all the water from a well, new water will arrive only after a certain time.
Wells
Wells can be sandy or artesian. A sand well can have a diameter of 3.6 - 5 cm or more. It is shallower than artesian and its filter is installed in a sandy aquifer. At the same time, the depth of the well can reach 20-50 meters. The diameter of an artesian well is from 12 cm, and the depth is 50-100 meters or more. When using a well, the pump constantly draws water from the wellbore, and new water, passing through the filter, under pressure, continuously, again enters the wellbore. The system works in such a way that the intake of water always compensates for the influx of new water. Therefore, water from a well never runs out, compared to a well.
Now that you know fundamental differences well from a well, we will compare these two sources of water supply to understand in which case one or another source will be better.
Choosing a location for a water source
The well must be located at a distance of at least 30 meters from sources of dirt (manure heaps, toilets, cesspools, bathhouses). If a well is installed, the distance can be reduced to 15 meters. It is not recommended to build a well on the slope of a ravine or on the bank of a river, since in this case the main source will be dirty groundwater.
Whatever water extraction system is chosen, it is necessary to ensure the passage and placement of the contractor's equipment and machines, as well as the availability of space for materials on the site. In the case of wells, additional territory is required for disposal of the excavated soil. If a house has not yet been built on the site, you can cut a well directly in the building area. This will significantly reduce the cost of pipelines and caissons, but can become a problem when carrying out well repairs.
Choosing a location for a well can cause more difficulties than choosing a location for a well. When constructing a well, a larger area will be involved than when drilling a well. Especially when you consider the fact that drilling can be carried out with mobile drilling rigs that do not require a large area to operate.
Water quality
The result of technogenic pollution was the ingress of untreated groundwater into sources at relatively shallow depths. A feature of deeper aquifers is the additional protection of water by clay layers. It is true that in this case, the water content may contain impurities of iron and salt.
Wells, as water intake structures, are designed to collect water from the upper aquifer. And the wells are designed to draw water from underlying horizons, which ensures best quality and more water. The purity of water depends on the aquifer in which the well is dug or a well is drilled. Based on water quality indicators, it is difficult to say that better well or a well, because there is no absolutely clean water in both wells and wells.
Thus, when comparing the quality of water in a well or well, the following can be noted:
1. The quality of water in wells has recently decreased significantly, which is due to an increase in the amount of industrial and domestic waste;
2. In wells, due to greater depth, the water quality is better, but it may contain iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide.
Amount of water
If we consider the productivity of wells and boreholes, we can determine the following. Good performance The flow rate of wells is from 3 to 5 m³ per day. That is, in 24 hours from a well you can pump out from 3000 to 5000 liters. But, in many cases, the indicators maximum quantity the arrival of fresh water in wells can range from 1 to 2 m³ per day. In such cases, people are faced with a lack of water, they have to save money, resort to using hydraulic accumulators, rainwater collection tanks, and drip irrigation systems.
The wells are characterized by a more stable flow rate, the indicators of which are:
- from 1 to 3 m³/hour at a depth of up to 50 m;
- from 5 to 6 m³/hour at a depth of 50 to 100 meters.
This means that a well can produce the same amount of water in an hour as a well in a day. True, it should be remembered that heavy expenses require more powerful sewerage.
To roughly calculate the amount of water required at a specific facility, you should add up all the consumption data. According to SNiP, the amount of water consumed by a person per day is 200 liters. Therefore, the indicated number must be multiplied by the number of residents with a small reserve for guests or in case of small children.
Water consumption standards:
To water one cubic meter soil on the lawn or in the garden will need from 3 to 6 liters per day. This difference is determined by soil moisture, climatic conditions and the moisture needs of individual plants. Technical expenses should also include car washing and other household needs. Huge volumes of water are required when having a swimming pool. Thus, taking into account household and household needs, the total water consumption per day for a family of four can be from 2 to 4 m3 or even more.
If large water consumption is planned, then the well will clearly not be enough for a full water supply, due to its low flow rate. A well is perfect as an emergency backup or for low water consumption. Thus, determining whether a well or a borehole is better summer cottage or for home, you should rely on the above factors.
The complexity of the arrangement work
The main difference between a well and a well is the way they are constructed. The well is drilled using specialized equipment. At the moment, there are both large-sized and mobile drilling rigs. Therefore, if you do not have room to maneuver, this will not prevent you from drilling a well. Many well drilling operations are mechanized.
To service the well, a technological pit is installed above its shaft. It can be built of brick or monolithic concrete, has a roof and a hatch. Often the pump itself is installed in the pit.
The well is dug by hand. To do this, special workers are hired to dig a hole approximately two to three meters deep, after which two or three rings are lowered into it. After this, the earth is undermined under them, as a result of which they sink deeper. This happens until the workers reach the required depth.
In terms of the speed of work carried out, the well occupies the leading position. In one day, workers can dig a maximum of three rings in a well. If the soil is dense enough, their number can be reduced to two or even one. That is, a 10-meter well will be dug for at least 5 days. A 10-meter well can be drilled in two hours.
Autonomy of water supply
The operation of the well and borehole is characterized by autonomy. Water from a well can be extracted manually (using a bucket and special mechanism) or automatically (by installing a pump in the well and running communication pipes to the house).
In the case of a well, for manual water extraction, it is necessary to purchase a special mechanical installation. But as a rule, at present, wells are equipped only with electric pumps.
In the event of a power outage, it will not be possible to draw water from a well, but it can be collected from a well at any time.
Source durability
The duration of the presence of water in a well or borehole depends on the aquifer from which the water is taken. The durability of sources is unforeseen. It is quite possible that a well will be dug in a neighboring area, hitting the same aquifer, reducing the amount of water in your well or well. Thus, based on this criterion, it is difficult to determine whether a well or a borehole is better for a home.
According to statistics, cases of wells drying up are more common than cases of wells running out of water. The latter are isolated. Most quickly, a well stops functioning as a result of silting or wear of its filter. Wells require maintenance much more often than boreholes.
Cost of arrangement
The price for installing a well and a well is not the same. Digging a well is the least expensive option. The cost of work is determined by the depth of the mine, which can range from 3 to 40 meters. The price includes work, delivery and installation of reinforced concrete rings. Additional expenses will go to communications - pump, pipes, etc.
The price for constructing a well is determined by the geographical location of the site, technical specifications for water supply and the diameter of the well pipe.
If the depth of the aquifer is shallow (10 - 15 meters), then drilling a sand well of small diameter can be cheaper than a well. But most often, drilling a well is a more expensive option.
Laying communications
To arrange automatic system supplying water to the house, a water main and a pump should be installed. This process is almost identical for a well and a borehole. The water main consists of an electrical wire, pipe or corrugation, insulation, pipeline and heating cable. In the case of a well, the length of the main line can be several times greater.
The well pump is the central water supply unit in a country house. By rationally choosing a pump for a well, you will ensure its long-term service and comfortable operation. Submersible or surface pumps. For the right choice type of pump, you need to know about the water level in the well and its seasonal changes.
- operational reliability, quality and wear resistance;
- high engine efficiency and energy efficiency;
- the presence of various protective systems;
- the presence of smooth descents;
- small equipment parameters.
In some cases, installing a well pump and supplying communications is a more complex task that is best entrusted to a specialist. Installing a pump in a well simple task, even an amateur master can do it.
In which case is it better to equip a well, and in which case a well?
A well should be built only if there are no aquifers on your site for the construction of a well or they are in very hard to reach places. The purchase of land in an undeveloped area should be treated especially carefully and responsibly. There are sad cases when people bought a plot in an area where clean water was at a depth of 100-150 m or was not found at all. If you purchase such a plot, you should ask the seller for a geological survey report, or get advice from drilling organizations that have information about the characteristics of the soil. If there are residential plots in the neighborhood, then the most reliable information can be obtained from their owners.
Ask them:
- about the source of water;
- about the amount of water that is used every day and the purposes for its use;
- about organizations that provided neighbors with a well or borehole;
- whether the owners of neighboring plots submitted water for analysis;
- Are they satisfied with the chosen water supply system?
Thus, installing a well will be justified only when extracting water from the depths is impossible due to the characteristics of the land of a particular region. A well is capable of collecting water from various horizons to which its pipes are lowered and storing it in certain quantities. This water will be of poor quality, but it will be there. Then you can clean it using various cleaning installations.
If your neighbors use wells in your region, then you should focus on this type of water supply. Drilling a well is a more justified and reliable option for a water supply system.
Besides autonomous systems There is also a centralized water supply system, which is connected with the help of utility companies after relatively small earthworks, approval of the possibility of providing the site and house with the required water pressure and connecting to the nearest source on the street. Please remember that connecting to centralized water supply possible only if there is a sewerage system and permission from the water utility. If it is possible to connect to a centralized water supply system, then it is best to choose this method. Most often this will be the best solution, even compared to a well.
srbu.ru
Let's compare the differences between a well and a central water supply:
| Type of water supply | Individual well | Central water supply |
| Well type | Well "on sand" | Artesian well |
| Well depth | From 6 to 30 meters | From 100 meters |
| Water quality | For technical needs (irrigation, etc.), it is suitable for drinking only after multi-level water treatment. | Drinkable; for use in washing machines, dishwashers, does not harm faucets. |
| Drilling cost | From 1,500 rubles per meter of sand drilling, cost of pump, well construction, cost of filters | Included in the cost of communications when purchasing a plot in a cottage village |
| Fire safety | The water pressure from one shallow well is not enough to extinguish the fire. | There is a system of fire hydrants throughout the village |
| Filtration equipment | Periodic replacement of filters and pumps is necessary, if necessary. | Based on the water analysis, a water treatment station is selected; maintenance of the water treatment station and filters is included in the water tariff or is included in the cost of services of the village management company. |
| Life time | From 1 year to 5 years | About 50 years |
| Well maintainability | Not regular use leads to silting of the well, so it is necessary to periodically clean the installation. | The occurrence of water in limestone rocks, which are essentially a natural filter, avoids silting and repair work. |
| Sanitary protection zone | The small size of the site does not allow for the necessary sanitary zone around the well; contaminants may enter from groundwater and neighboring sewage pits. | A zone of sanitary protection from pollution must be provided around the artesian well. |
Development Director of the VodaSet company Anatoly Zakharov clarifies:
“The optimal option for supplying water to a country house in a village without a central water supply would be to drill an individual well “into the sand” on the site. Then it is necessary to install deep water filters, since the upper aquifers are subject to contamination by wastewater and surface water.
In villages with a central water supply, purified water from the central system is supplied to the house, and a shallow well is drilled on the site for irrigation and other technical needs.
The cost of installing your own well includes:
- The average cost of drilling is from 1500 rubles/meter (for sand) and 2500 rubles/meter for stone;
- Pump from 2 thousand rubles; good pump - from 6 thousand rubles;
- Construction of a well and bringing water to the house - from 10 thousand to 100 thousand rubles
- Water treatment system from 10 to 80 thousand rubles.
Cheap equipment (pump + well construction) breaks down very quickly, it is more suitable for a summer residence and weekends, and if you plan to use the well all year round, then the equipment must be professional.”
sibposelki.ru
Sources: what are they?
The first step is to determine at what level the usable water is located. There are 3 main types of underground sources.
- Verkhodka is the layer closest to the surface of the earth, located at a depth of no more than 4 meters. Filling occurs as precipitation falls; it is especially rich during the period of snow melting and river floods. An obvious disadvantage This layer is due to its contamination - the thickness of the soil is not sufficient to purify the water, therefore it is not suitable for drinking, but it is quite suitable for irrigation. Therefore, a well in a country house can be of small depth, this is enough for economic use.
- Groundwater is the middle layer, located at a depth below 10 meters. Due to the thick layer of soil, sediments and river water undergo a sufficient degree of purification. This water can be used for food and household purposes.
- The artesian spring is located between layers of impenetrable rocks below 40 meters and is under pressure. When drilling wells, water rises above the level of the layers containing it; it is the cleanest and most suitable for use.
Depending on the availability of one or another source on the site, as well as based on the needs, they choose which is better - a well or a borehole.
Mine well
Most old way extraction of water for the farm. This is normal classic well, he has the most simple design and provides access to the top and groundwater. It is advisable to install it to a depth of up to 15 meters.
How to make a well with your own hands?
The following procedure must be followed:
- Mechanically or manually dig a hole to the desired level.
- The walls of the well are arranged with special concrete rings. The seams at their joints must be carefully sealed so that foreign objects and living creatures living in the upper layers of the soil do not penetrate into the water.
- The bottom of the well is covered with gravel of various fractions up to 30 cm thick - it will filter the water coming from below from large impurities.
- The last stage is the construction of a canopy that protects the water from external contaminants. This can be a simple lid or a design with a door.
The undoubted advantage that such a well has is the price. This is the cheapest structure capable of providing water subsidiary farm. The cost of concrete rings depends on their size and ranges from 1500-5000 rubles. The price of lifting the soil and installing walls also depends on the size of the shaft and the complexity of the process, on average 1800-3000 rubles/ring. If you decide to carry out the installation yourself, then you only need to spend money on concrete elements, which is very profitable.
If there is an electrical source, water can be pumped from such a well using a pump. Otherwise, mining is done only with a bucket by hand.
Abyssinian well
It is a driven pipe up to 15 meters long with a diameter of 1 inch. A filter is installed at the tip, and a pump is installed at the ground part. In essence, this is a water well, only very compact. Allows installation anywhere - on site or indoors. Limitation: hard soils. The advantages include tightness: when accessing groundwater, the ingress of polluting perched water is excluded. The disadvantages are the impossibility of constant use due to the threat of silting (cleaning is required).
The depth of the well must be at least 12 meters - it is from this level that the pump can lift water.
An Abyssinian well can be a source of water supply for a home: it supplies relatively clean water suitable for drinking and household use.
Features of the design of simple structures
Any well in a country house can be installed all year round, even in winter. Upper layer The soil freezes shallowly; it can be warmed up by lighting a fire. In the spring, during the period of snowmelt and floods, excavation and installation can only be carried out if you know the level of the source in other periods. There is a risk of making a mistake with the depth due to the saturated water content. Fluctuations in levels are within 1-2 meters. Optimal time development - autumn and winter.
Where to install and how to make a well? Use common sense when deciding this issue. Water layers are located evenly in the depths of the soil; strong differences practically do not occur, so the location is determined by convenience.
If the year turns out to be dry and the water has receded, you can always increase the depth by adding concrete ring smaller diameter and height.
Hygiene
Wells should be cleaned regularly or as they become dirty. If you notice a change in the smell or color of the water, it means it’s time to clean the source.
First of all, find the possible reason:
- water entered the well from the upper, dirtier layers;
- for some reason, cracks appeared in the walls or the seams depressurized and contaminants penetrated through them;
- accumulation of debris and dust on the surface of the water due to the unprotected top of the shaft;
- rare use of the well.
Preventive cleaning of wells should be carried out after the winter period, when the snow has melted. This will reduce the likelihood of re-contamination by melt and flood waters. Cleaning can be done either independently or using the services of specialists.
Water well
A modern method of extracting water to meet the needs of the home and household. It is a pipe deeply buried to the lower layers with installed filters and a pump.
There are 2 types of wells:
- On sand (up to 30 meters, less often - up to 80 meters).
- On limestone (artesian, below 30 meters).
The advantages of both options include:
- high quality of produced water;
- a large supply that can satisfy all household needs.
Main disadvantages:
- in comparison with wells they have a higher cost of the device;
- If the lifting pump fails, it is impossible to manually obtain water.
Filter well
This one has access to the lower layers of soil, more clean waters. Wells are drilled to sand layers that provide filtration at the production level. Usually the depth reaches 30 meters, with the exception of in some areas - up to 80 meters.
The well is a submerged pipe with a diameter of up to 133 mm. It is advisable to entrust the deepening to professionals, then the installation will last a long time - up to 30 years.
The cost of drilling a well for sand is on average 2000-3000 rubles per meter, taking into account the material.
Pros of use:
- quick installation in 1 day using oversized equipment;
- does not require permission for installation or licensing;
- medium power pumps can be used;
- contains an optimal level of iron and other impurities that are not harmful to health.
Flaws:
- the threat of siltation requires periodic cleaning;
- if there are similar installations in neighboring areas, a decrease in the amount of produced water and pressure, respectively;
- in winter, the water may decline due to lack of replenishment of the source.
Artesian well
Provides the most clean water from the deepest sources. Well pipes have a diameter of up to 324 mm. Deepening is carried out using special equipment to a depth of up to 240 m (depending on the geological conditions of the area), reaching impenetrable limestone layers, due to which high-quality water purification and protection occurs. Accordingly, the cost of installing a well is high, so it is often installed on several houses or yards.
Advantages:
- there is no contamination with sludge, therefore no cleaning is required;
- high productivity (up to 5000 cubic meters per hour);
- service life - over 50 years with proper installation;
- the amount of water does not depend on the time of year and the number of connected farms;
- The possibility of surface contamination is completely excluded.
Flaws:
- the main one is the high cost of installing the source (depending on the depth, pipe diameter, complexity of insertion: from 2000 to 3500 rubles/meter);
- a permit is required to develop a well (bureaucratic processes may take several months) with further payment of a tax for the use of the resource;
- risk of high mineralization of water, which will require additional purification.
Features of well construction
In order for a water extraction installation to serve for a long time and reliably, you need to take a responsible approach to its installation and choice of material.
For drilling wells, seamless steel pipes no seams. It is better not to use galvanized ones - over time they will pollute the water with particles and compounds harmful to the body.
The ideal option is to install plastic pipes inside steel. They are not subject to corrosion and other changes during operation. A “multilayer” water well will last longer without the need for repairs, it is easier to clean, and the quality of the water supplied from it is higher. But its device will cost much more (3000-6000 rubles/meter).
Water quality control
At home, it is almost impossible to determine the composition of the liquid. Especially if we are dealing with a recently installed source.
It is recommended to collect water 3-4 weeks after installing a well or borehole. Then it acquires a permanent, stable composition. Based on the analysis results, you can select the optimal cleaning method that will ensure safe consumption for various needs. These may be special installations for well shafts or filters for local use.
Making a choice
Which is better - a well or a borehole - is not an entirely correct question. They are used for different purposes and for extracting water from different layers of the earth. If you need a source for irrigation, it is optimal to install a shallow shaft well on the site. The price of his device is the most affordable, you can dig it yourself, then the savings will be maximum.
Drilling wells will cost more, but the quality of the water they produce is much higher. They can be used to supply water to an entire house through a system of pipes and taps. It is important here that a reliable pump and cleaning installation is installed if necessary.
An Abyssinian well can also provide a house with water, but in small volumes, since the pump power is relatively small, and the production of water by the system will not provide high pressure.
Which is better - a well or a borehole, depends on the geological conditions, financial capabilities and needs of a particular farm.