Perennial lupine is very beautiful and large.
Let's figure out what it is -
Botanical description
Lupine is perennial legume family. The roots of the flower have a rod structure. They can go to a depth of up to two meters. Lupine roots contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria that absorb nitrogen from the atmosphere. Lupine stems have a herbaceous structure. The stem has leaves. The branches grow upward. The leaves are elongated, reminiscent of palm trees. The inflorescence is a multi-flowered raceme. The perennial lupine flower can have different colors, but most often of blue color, the flowers are arranged alternately. The bract is solitary and usually falls off early.
Flower beans (the structures that contain seeds inside) do not ripen at the same time. When mechanically applied, lupine seeds are scattered in all directions. The seeds have a rounded shape. The plant blooms in late spring - early summer. If the plant is pruned before the seeds grow, it will bloom again. If the seeds are allowed to grow, next year your flower garden will be replenished with new plants due to the seeds scattered last year (this is a self-sowing flower). Did you know? The second name for lupine is “Wolf Beans”
Popular representatives
There are many varieties of perennial lupine. Let's look at some of them.
One of the popular varieties is the height of this plant is half a meter. The flower size is no more than 35 cm in length. The color of the flower is red. Blooms in early summer. If you cut off the inflorescence, “My Castel” will bloom again in August. 
"Faust" reaches a height of 0.8 m. The flower can have different colors. It blooms for up to four weeks, re-blooming is possible (if you cut the inflorescence before the seeds ripen).
The leaves of this plant are located in basal rosettes. The leaves are matte, dark green. The inflorescence is slightly more than 30 cm long, the color of the flower is most often blue-white. Like 'My Castel', re-blooming is possible at the end of summer. 
"Abendglut" reaches a meter in height. The flower winters well in our latitudes. The length of the inflorescence reaches 40 cm, the color of the flower is dark red.
A variety whose plant height is 50 cm. The inflorescence can be different color: purple, caramel, violet and so on. Blooms in early summer. 
"Neue Spielarten"- high beautiful plant, which can reach more than a meter in height. The flower clusters are large, up to 0.4 m. The flowers are orange-pink. It blooms for the month of June.
"Prinzess Juliana"- very similar to “Neue Spielarten”, but the flowers are very beautiful, pink- white.
Where do lupins grow?
Planting and caring for a plant are important for any gardener. Let's figure out what soil and lighting are needed for perennial lupine.
Location and lighting
The plant is best planted on in sunny or slightly shaded areas. Better flower grows in partial shade therefore, it is good if it grows nearby or in their shade, the plant will quickly grow and will delight you for a long time.
Soil for perennial lupins
The flower grows on virtually any soil, but loves loose, well-drained soil. This is a very unpretentious flower. The plant can also grow on poor soils as a green manure crop. Lupines love neutral, slightly alkaline and slightly acidic soils. If you planted flowers on alkaline soil, you need to add 5 kg of soil per 1 m2 of soil, otherwise the plant will turn yellow. If planted on acidic soil, it is necessary to lime the soil with lime flour with the calculation: take 5 kg of flour per 1 m2 of land. Liming must be done once every four years.
Did you know? Americans eat pickled lupine.
Planting and propagation
Yellow lupins get sick less than other lupines. 
Fusarium wilt
This disease affects the flower throughout its life. Lupine leaves may dry out and curl. The upper part of the flower becomes drooping. If the plant is cut in half, you can see darkening of the vascular system. The root system turns brown and dies. During flowering, the fungus forms macroconidia and microconidia: thanks to them, the mycelium increases its boundaries. Macroconidia have sizes from 25x3 µm to 50x3.5 µm. Microconidia are unicellular with several septa. If after a drought they begin heavy rains, the mycelium begins to increase in size faster.
Mushrooms can be stored in the ground for up to 6 years.
Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers help lupine cope with the disease. But the infected plant does not produce fruit. 
Brown spot
The disease affects both leaves and beans, as well as seeds and stems. At the bottom of the stem are formed brown spots. Their size is up to two millimeters. Dirty brown spots with a light green border appear on the leaf.
On older flowers it appears in the form of red spots that have irregular shape. The width of the spot is about one centimeter. Sometimes the spots merge. In this case, the leaves become a solid red-brown color. Then they turn black and fly away.
The spots on the seeds are up to two centimeters wide. A black coating forms on them.
The causative agent is the fungus Ceratophorum setosum Kirch. This fungus can remain on vegetation debris. Transmitted by seeds. 
Lupine can get sick in humid, warm weather. Loss of lupine yield due to brown spot can be up to 30%, and sometimes more.
Gray rot
The disease appears from below on the stem. It then “occupies” the flowers and fruits of the flower. The tissues of the infected flower soften, and gray plaque. At high humidity the diseased plant is covered with rot.
During the dry period, the disease manifests itself in the form of ulcers.
The mushroom that causes it is called Botritis cinerea Fr. The fungus spends the winter in the remains of vegetation on the soil surface. It can also overwinter in the ground at a depth of up to 5 centimeters, as well as on seeds. 
Important! Yellow lupine is most affected by gray rot.
If the flowers are not treated, up to 30% of the crop will die.
Drying of stems
The disease begins with oval dark spots on the stems. Then the spots begin to increase in size. This is especially noticeable in high humidity. The entire stem is covered with spots with black dots. Then it dries out. 
Today lupine is a well-known and favorite plant, which grows in many gardens and is a real decoration of the site. The name of the plant in translation means wolf, so lupine began to be called for its ability to actively draw nutrients necessary for life from the soil.
For the first time growing this beautiful and unusual flower began in the 7th century BC. The ancient Incas actively used beneficial features flower for medical and household purposes. WITH decorative purpose Lupine cultivation began in 1826. Today, more than 200 varieties and types of lupine are known, each of which is unique, individual and exotic, but at the same time very unpretentious in care.
Homeland and appearance of lupine
Lupine grows in different parts of the planet. It can be found both in hot Africa and on the Mediterranean coast. Lupines also grow in North America, Chile, Canada and Mexico. Some types of lupins are also found in middle lane Russia. However, on the territory of our country they grow mainly annual species white flower. In comparison with foreign representatives, domestic lupine is inconspicuous and does not have such a decorative effect. The shrub is not tall, the inflorescences are small, which is why many often confuse this flower with milkweed.
Garden lupine is a plant up to 120 cm high with straight, strong stems. The leaf blade is palmate, attached to the stem using a petiole. The inflorescences are of different shades, candle-shaped, up to 45 cm long. The flowering period begins in the second half of summer and lasts until autumn.
At the end of the flowering period, a fruit is formed - a bean, which contains irregularly shaped seeds.
Seed germination is maintained for three years, provided that the planting material has been collected and dried in the correct way.
Lupine is completely unpretentious and does not require special care.
The main thing is to know a few basic rules:
- Avoid temperature changes, despite the fact that lupine can withstand frosts down to -8 degrees, a sudden change in climate is destructive for it. Therefore for successful cultivation flower, it is necessary to exclude factors such as temperature fluctuations from high to low and excess moisture;
- It is important to keep the area with lupins clean: loosen the soil and remove weeds;
- Protect the plant from drafts or provide support.
Watering mode
Lupine should be watered moderately, as excess moisture can lead to rotting of the root system and the development of fungal diseases. In hot weather, it is enough to water the bush several times a week.
Lighting requirements
Lupine grows and blooms best in sunny areas, reliably protected from drafts. If you plant a plant in the shade, it is quite possible that it will stop blooming.
Fertilizers and fertilizing
Lupine is not picky about fertilizers. Nodules containing special bacteria, capable of accumulating and retaining nitrogen. Thus, if you apply fertilizers to the soil, avoid those containing nitrogen.
Thanks to its nodules containing nitrogen, lupine is used in agriculture to improve soil quality.
More information about care
Lupine needs a clean and well-groomed area to grow, so it is important to promptly remove weeds and loosen the soil after each watering. If you find that the root collar is exposed, you need to add soil and apply mineral fertilizers.
From two years of age, plants must be hilled, this helps good development lateral roots necessary for the growth of the bush and its further division.
After five years, as a rule, lupins lose their decorative look, they are dug up, divided and thereby rejuvenate the bush.
If lupine grows in a windy area, it must be tied to a support so that the inflorescences do not break under a gust of wind.
As for the soil, any soil is suitable for lupine, even sandy, but the flower grows best on loamy substrates with a slightly alkaline or slightly acidic reaction. If you plant lupine in alkaline soil, the leaves will begin to turn yellow. Peat should be added to such soil in an amount of 5 kg per square meter. If the soil is too acidic, it is necessary to artificially increase the alkali content by adding lime to the soil. An indicator of the high acidity of the soil on the site are plants such as horsetail and coltsfoot. Suitable liming agents are lime or dolomite flour. It is necessary to add flour at the rate of 5 kg per square meter. The procedure should be carried out once every three years, best time– autumn, after the end of the flowering and harvesting period on the site. You can also carry out liming in the spring before digging up the soil or in the winter by scattering flour directly on the snow.
There are several ways to propagate lupine:
- Seeds;
- Vegetatively.
Propagation by seeds
You can sow seeds to obtain seedlings in the spring. For this purpose in wooden boxes pour the classic earthen mixture for flowering plants:
- Sod land - one part;
- Peat - one part;
- Sand - half of the part.
In order to eliminate the possibility of root rotting due to stagnant water, experts recommend using a loose substrate and watering lupine moderately. Immediately before sowing, you need to crush the tubers of the old lupine bush and mix the resulting mixture with planting material. Thus, you will accelerate the development of bacteria, which contribute to the accumulation of nitrogen in the root system.
The first shoots appear after a few weeks, however, it should be borne in mind that lupine seeds germinate and sprout unharmoniously.
If you want the seeds to sprout together, you need to cover them with damp gauze and keep them in a warm room until they hatch.
A month later, the seedlings already have 5-6 leaves, now the plants can be planted on permanent place in the garden at a distance of half a meter from each other. You should not delay the time of replanting lupins, since the older the flower, the more difficult it is to tolerate a sudden change in environment and growing conditions.
You can plant seeds in the ground immediately after frost, around April. The planting site needs to be prepared in the fall - cleared of weeds and dug up. The first flowers will appear on next year in the middle of summer.
The optimal way to sow lupine seeds: in the fall, approximately October-November, when the first frosts occur. The planting depth does not exceed 2 cm. The seeds are sprinkled with a layer of peat on top. Seeds planted in this way germinate very quickly in the spring, when the snow melts, and bloom in mid-summer of the same year.
When propagated by seeds, young lupins do not always retain decorative properties mother plant.
Vegetative propagation (dividing the bush)
The following are used as cuttings:
- In spring - basal rosettes that develop from buds located at the base of the stem;
- In summer - side shoots that develop in the axils of the leaves. To separate the cuttings, use a sharp, disinfected knife. You need to cut off not only the bud, but also part of the root collar.
At first young plant planted in the shade in sandy soil. The roots form after a month, after which the lupine is transplanted to a permanent place. With such actions, the shrub can bloom in the same year.
Lupine blossom
In Russia, the vast majority of varieties and species bloom in the second half of summer. In order to extend the flowering period, gardeners recommend cutting off dry inflorescences in a timely manner before the seeds form on the bush. This simple method will allow you to prolong the pleasure of bright inflorescences until autumn.
Depending on the lupine variety, the inflorescences vary in length, shape and palette. On some shrubs the buds grow up to a meter in length, while on others the inflorescences are short and long. As for the shade, the flowers are yellow, white, red, pink, crimson, however, flowers of the blue palette are considered dominant. Today, varieties with two-color inflorescences have also been bred. The structure of the lupine flower is quite unique and fully corresponds to the structure of the flowers of the legume family, which is why lupine also belongs to this species.
Lupine wintering
The flower belongs to hardy plants that easily overwinter in the garden. Cold temperatures are dangerous for old shrubs, which rise higher and higher above ground level every year; as a result, lupine can die from the cold. Young plants can easily tolerate frosts down to -8 degrees. To protect the plant from frost, in the fall, after trimming dry leaves and inflorescences, it is carefully spudded and covered with spruce branches.
Note to the florist
Why doesn't lupine sprout?
First of all, you should pay attention to the expiration date of the seeds. The fact is that a high percentage of germination is retained exclusively in freshly harvested seed material. The older the seeds, the more difficult it will be to grow them into a full-fledged, flowering plant. In addition, seeds may not germinate due to improper collection and storage. If the seeds are collected ahead of time, not ripe, most likely they will be dry by the time of planting.
As gardeners note, lupine is a plant that is quite difficult to germinate, so those who are just trying their hand at growing lupins should be patient and be prepared for the fact that the first attempt may be unsuccessful.
If adult lupines planted on the site several years ago have not sprouted in the spring, it is quite possible that the root system is frozen or the plant is too old and needs to be urgently rejuvenated, that is, divide the bush into several and plant it out.
Why doesn't lupine bloom?
After sowing the seeds in the first year, the plant will not bloom; inflorescences will form only the next year and will bloom from July to September.
Buds may not form on shrubs that are too old, or if the lupine is planted in a too shady area where there are drafts.
Pests and diseases of lupine
During the period of bud formation, lupine is quite often attacked by aphids, and closer to autumn, larvae of germ flies and weevils may appear. Insects can be killed using insecticides.
As for diseases, if the cultivation rules are not followed, lupine is affected by gray and root rot, rust, spotted mosaic and fusarium. As a rule, the cause of diseases is waterlogging of the soil. If the cause of the disease is eliminated, the plant can be saved, however, in the case of a large area of infection, the lupine will have to be dug up and destroyed. If you strictly adhere to all the recommendations of experts, lupine for a long time will remain healthy and beautiful. As a preventive measure, gardeners recommend periodically watering plants with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
Lupine can be replanted in the same area only after three years.
Video on caring for lupine
Lupine belongs to the hardiest and most powerful ornamental flowering plants. Many gardeners value the shrub not only for its amazing inflorescences, reaching a length of 45 cm, but also for its ease of care. Lupine grows well in any soil and in light partial shade. The flower needs moderate watering. The plant needs to be hilled, loosened, and protected from weeds. It is important to remember that lupine is quite difficult to transplant. Lupine is able to independently fight many diseases.
Lupine is rightly considered beautiful unpretentious flower. Lupine belongs to the legume family and can grow up to 120 centimeters tall.
In fact, the flower contains many benefits, since it simultaneously pleases the human eye and brings extraordinary benefits to the land from which it grows.
Nitrogen is accumulated in the root system of the flower, which has a positive effect on the soil. Lupine itself is not very demanding of itself; its care is minimal.
It is very interesting to know that lupine can bloom several times - in May and August. So, if you want to enjoy its beautiful candles twice a year, cut off the top when it fades, and you will be able to observe flowering in August.
Candle flowers are found up to sixty centimeters in length. Regarding flowers, let’s say that they can be of various colors: red, blue, pink, orange, yellow, white, purple, etc.
A novice florist will be curious about this fact: lupins come in two colors.
Without taking into account synonyms, about two hundred species of lupine are known in our time. Americans prefer the variable lupine, which is often found in urban areas.
It is worth noting that a huge advantage Lupine's heat resistance is superior to other flowers. Due to this individual species Lupines can be found even in the African desert. Regarding multileaf lupine, let’s say that it is distributed throughout the world.
Lupine can advantageously decorate the interior of a room, since it stands in a vase for a long time. If you want to create floral harmony, don't be afraid to experiment and combine lupins with hostas, bearded irises, delphiniums, red poppies.
Ideal places for planting lupines are gardens in villages and flower beds. Garden plot it becomes much more beautiful when there are tulips growing on it.
Lupine propagation
Lupine, like all living things in this world, tends to reproduce. Regarding propagation, it is possible in two ways: vegetatively and by seeds.
The first method (vegetative) of lupins propagation makes it possible to preserve the unchanged color of the flowers. It is better to divide three- to four-year-old bushes. Why exactly so many years should a lupine be?
Answering this question, let’s say that such bushes form rosettes much better and faster, and also reproduce effectively through division.
Seed sowing is special mixture. For sowing the best way Spring is coming. It is in the spring that a mixture of turf soil, sand, and peat is prepared. Remember that when preparing the mixture for sowing lupins, it is necessary to maintain a clear proportion - 1: 1: 0.5.
The first shoots appear within a week or two after sowing. After three to four weeks, you can start planting lupine in the flower garden, since the lupine already has several leaves.
It is worth remembering that when planting lupine, you need to maintain a distance of 40-50 centimeters between plants. It is best to plant the plant in May, but planting in April is also possible (if the weather is warm).
About planting and caring for lupine in detail
Often people resort to making fun of lupine from seeds. Flower seeds can be of completely different shapes.
Alkaloids are toxic substances contained in lupine seeds. That is why you should take care when sowing seeds.
You need to know that it is advisable to plant lupine on sunny place, since with a high degree of probability the flower will not take root in the shade.
The soil for planting a flower must be prepared in advance, as it must be fresh, loose, and also enriched with fertilizers. Lupine is planted, as already mentioned, in May or April.
Caring for lupine is not difficult at all. To do this, it is necessary to hill the flower with fresh soil and enrich it with fertilizers. It is also advisable to cut off faded inflorescences.
It is worth noting that lupine loses its visual attractiveness over the years, and therefore every four years a new planting should be done.
Its name "Lupinus" is translated from Latin as "wolf". It is not clear why it was given such a name, perhaps because of the shape of the flowers, which are slightly similar in shape to a wolf’s face, or because the beans of lupine are bitter, it is sometimes called “wolf beans”. In the genus of this plant there are both annual and perennial species, but here we will talk about decorative, garden lupine, it is a perennial.
Decorative lupine belongs to the species “Lupinus poliphyllos”, or rather, this is the name of the wild ancestor of garden lupine, originating from America. About a hundred years ago, English gardeners crossed this type of lupine with another species, and got a good decorative form. And their compatriot Russell, who was in love with lupins and devoted 15 years to their selection, brought out modern form lupine with flowers of various colors.
Today, Russell varieties are the most beautiful garden lupins. They are not inferior in decorativeness to phloxes, irises, delphiniums the best varieties. There are tall varieties in this group, reaching a height of 1 meter, and there are short varieties with many inflorescences. The color is also very diverse, the most interesting color of lupine is bi-color, when two colors are present in one inflorescence, for example, yellow and blue, red and orange, etc.
Probably the most unpretentious of ornamental perennials - from seeds, undemanding to soil fertility, good winter hardiness make it a desirable crop in the garden. A powerful and deep root system protects it from minor drought. In addition, lupine has an important advantage: like all legumes, it accumulates nitrogen, improves and loosens the soil. This is an excellent precursor for crops that require fertile and well-cultivated soil. Lupine itself prefers loamy or sandy loam soils, but can also grow in poor soils. But the strongly acidic ones, clay soils Lupine does not tolerate, it grows well on neutral or slightly acidic soils.
Sowing
This plant is easily propagated by self-sowing, but in order for lupine from seeds to retain its varietal qualities, there should not be another variety of lupine nearby. Otherwise, you will end up with a “mongrel” lupine. Growing from seeds is the easiest way to propagate lupine.
When to sow lupine? You can sow lupine seeds for seedlings; to do this, they are sown in mid-April in a greenhouse or in a box on a windowsill. As soon as the weather permits, young plants can be planted in a permanent place. This must be done carefully: lupine does not like transplants. The seedling method allows you to get flowering plants per sowing year.
You can sow lupine until mid-summer, then around the beginning of June next year you will get blooming lupine. Growing from seeds is probably best started in the fall. Lupine is sown before winter with dry seeds. This will allow it to start growing in early spring. If you want to grow lupine for seeds or for cutting, then it is planted with a distance between plants of 40 cm (between rows 60 cm), but in a flower garden you can plant it more often.
Care
To prolong the flowering of lupine, faded inflorescences are cut off, preventing seeds from forming. Lupine needs weeding and the application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers in the second half of summer. In dry summers, lupins have to be watered; watering should be rare but plentiful. Unfortunately, the lupine bush is not very durable; after four years, it is advisable to replace old plants; they begin to lose their decorative properties and it is advisable to replace them with young ones. By the way, thanks to self-seeding, this plant can become a real weed. In Norway, for example, it is a difficult weed to remove, so it is prohibited to plant lupine outside gardens. Growing from seeds is not the only way to propagate lupine. A particularly successful specimen can be propagated vegetatively. When the plant fades, cuttings are cut from it with a piece of the root collar. They are rooted in a greenhouse at a low temperature (18-20 degrees), it is better to do this at the end of summer for the development of the enterprise and the efficiency of resource use.
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Do you want to decorate your area? Plant lupine and you won’t go wrong. This plant is completely unpretentious: it does not require special care when growing, is easily propagated by seeds, and winters well in open ground. The article will help you not to get lost in the variety of lupine varieties; it will tell you how to plant and choose the right place for the crop, taking into account other plants already existing on the site.
Varieties and varieties of lupine
Lupine is not just ornamental plant. The seeds and aerial parts are widely used in Food Industry. The stems of the plant are used to make decorative items, Lupine straw is used in the pulp and paper industry. Lupine seeds are used in the production of medical plasters, cosmetics, medications, for the production of soap, plastics.
Lupine is not only a beautiful, but also a useful plant
Fodder lupine is grown for livestock feed, and fish farms feed fish with seeds. Lupine is the most valuable green manure crop; one hectare of lupine is equivalent to applying 20 tons of manure.
Lupines are very unpretentious plants, which do not require complex care, therefore they are distributed almost everywhere, although the homeland of this plant is North America. There are annual, biennial, perennial and fodder lupins; they are used in agriculture. Basically, annual species are used for animal feed: white, multileaf and yellow lupine.
How garden species The following annual lupins are grown:
- hybrid;
Lupine hybrid
- dwarf;
Lupine dwarf
- changeable;
Lupine is fickle
- Lupine Hartweg King.
Lupine Hartweg King
Lupine multifolia is a perennial. It is the most frost-resistant and undemanding in care, and is found even in the taiga.
Numerous hybrid varieties of lupins with inflorescences have been developed various colors. Here is a list of the most popular varieties that are used in landscape design:
- Schlossfrau – pink;
Variety Schlossfrau
- Edelknabe – carmine;
Variety Edelknabe
- Burg Fraulein – white;
Variety Burg Fraulein
- Apricot – orange;
Apricot variety
- Carmineus – red;
Variety Carmineus
- Princess Julianne – white and pink;
Variety Princess Julianna
- Roseus – pink;
Variety Roseus
- Albus – white;
Variety Albus
- Rubinkönig – ruby with violet;
Variety Rubinkönig
- Castellan – blue-violet with a white sail;
Variety Castellan
- Minaret is a low-growing varietal population with brightly colored inflorescences;
Variety Minaret
- Lulu is a mixture of different colors.
Variety Lulu
The perennial tree lupine, which, unfortunately, does not overwinter in our latitudes, is popular abroad.
How to plant correctly
Soils of different mechanical compositions are suitable for growing lupine in open ground, except for heavy clay soils and soils with close burial. groundwater. Sandy and soddy-podzolic soils are most suitable in composition. Acidic and alkaline soils are not suitable for lupine. If you have alkaline soil, add peat; if it is acidic, add lime or dolomite flour.
As for choosing a place for planting, lupine prefers sunny areas, but also grows well in partial shade. The planting site should be prepared in the fall.
Lupine seeds
Lupine seeds can be planted in spring in April or autumn in October at a distance of 30 - 50 cm between plants, to a depth of 3-4 cm on sandy soils and 2-3 cm on heavy soils. Seeds begin to germinate at soil temperatures above 3 degrees, seedlings can withstand short-term frosts down to -4 degrees. The plant will bloom next year in the spring.
Can be applied seedling method. Fill the seedling boxes with your regular potting mix. flower crops. In early spring Sow the seeds, you can first scratch them slightly with a needle for better germination. Shoots will appear in 8-17 days; after the formation of 5-6 leaves, the seedlings can be transplanted into the flower garden. Do not delay replanting; the root system of lupine is taprooted and the plant does not take root well at a later age.
Advice. Lupine seeds remain viable for 5 years.
Suitable care
In the first year after planting the plant in open ground, care consists of timely removal of weeds and keeping the soil loose, as well as watering. When the root collar of a lupine is exposed, it is necessary to hill up the stem. At the beginning of plant development aboveground part develops slowly, at this time lupine intensively increases root system and needs watering.
In the second year, care comes down to timely hilling of the plant and applying fertilizers.
Old plants lose their decorative properties, and flowering becomes less abundant, so lupine plantings should be renewed every 4-5 years.
If the place where lupine grows is subject to frequent strong winds, then it is necessary to tie the bushes to wooden pegs.
Perennial lupine requires virtually no gardener attention
To prolong flowering, remove faded inflorescences, this stimulates the plant to bloom again in August. In addition, faded flower stalks do not look attractive.
For the winter, mulch perennial lupine well with peat or sawdust to protect the root from freezing. In dry autumn, carry out moisture-recharging irrigation.
Advice. Lupine reproduces very well by self-sowing, so remove the inflorescences before seeds form.
Feeding and fertilizing lupine
In the second year of life, lupine needs feeding. Before flowering begins, you can apply the following fertilizers:
- superphosphate and potassium chloride 2:1 per 1 m2;
- a few spoons of ash under each bush;
- organic fertilizers;
- on sandy soils, fertilizing with magnesium or dolomite flour is necessary.
To make the plant bloom more actively, feed it
Advice. Be careful with nitrogen mineral fertilizers: high doses nitrogen negatively affect the growth of lupine, especially yellow and narrow-leaved ones.
Plant propagation
There are two ways to propagate lupine:
- seeds;
- vegetatively - cuttings.
When the lupine fruits - beans - ripen, they crack, and the seeds scatter far around the area and subsequently germinate. If there are different varieties of lupine on the site, the seeds will split according to color. Pure seeds can only be obtained by completely isolating plants in space, which is why the most beautiful varieties Lupine is propagated by cuttings. Lupine seeds can be planted seedling method or directly sow in open ground in spring or before winter.
Young lupine shoots
For cuttings you need to choose plants that have reached three years. As a rule, 5-6 year old bushes do not form lateral young buds. Using a knife, cut out the renewal buds at the base of the stem with part of the root collar. Now plant the cuttings in sandy soil, preferably in a shaded place. The roots of the cuttings are formed over the course of a month; after this time, the plant can be transplanted to its permanent place.
Advice. If propagation by self-sowing is not suitable for you, then remember that the bean cracks 8-10 days after full ripening, and collect the seeds on time.
Diseases and pests
Lupine, like everyone else leguminous plants, damaged by insects and diseases.
Pests
Seeds and seedlings are most often affected by wireworms, May beetle larvae, and cutworm caterpillars. They cause especially great harm in the spring, when the crop grows slowly. Also harmful are lupine, striped and bristly nodule weevils, and gray weevil.
Lupine weevil
Adult lupine is mainly affected by sucking insects. These are bugs and thrips; aphids cause great harm. Cutworms and leaf rollers damage the leaves and inflorescences of the plant. Some species of lupine damage moths; their caterpillars feed on bean seeds. The stems of lupine can be gnawed by the caterpillar of the stem butterfly, and the damage caused by it can cause the stem of the plant to break.
Lupine diseases
- root rot;
- fusarium;
- gray rot;
- brown spot;
- blackish spotting;
Fungal infection of lupine stem
- Phomopsis (stem drying);
- rust;
- bacterial spot;
- mosaic;
- narrow leaves;
- browning.
Advice. Application of potassium, phosphate fertilizers and microelements boron, manganese and molybdenum increases the resistance of lupine to diseases.
Lupine: combination with other plants
Lupine looks good in mixed plantings with other plants, so it is often used in landscape design. It is best to plant it in the middle of the flower garden: medium-sized plants planted in front of the lupine will effectively complement and emphasize its beauty, as well as protect it from the wind and prevent it from growing excessively. Goes well with lupine
- daylilies;
- phlox;
- delphiniums;
- nivyaniki.
Lupine with other plants
Required condition good growth and creating beautiful and harmonious compositions of lupins with other plants is to follow several rules:
- Select plants with similar requirements for soil, moisture and light as lupine companions.
- Plants with a short flowering period are inappropriate.
- It is necessary to take into account the timing of flowering and the height of the plants.
- Choose plants with a contrasting inflorescence shape to lupine.
Lupine in landscape design
Do not underestimate the role of lupine in landscape design, when correct use his merits he will become the king of anyone summer cottage. Lupine fits perfectly into any style direction: from classic to modern concepts, or simply create a “plot wildlife" Combines with many plants.
Lupine in landscape design
Most often, lupine is placed separate groups with other perennials in a mixborder or on an open lawn. Lupine looks good near the entrance area, in the front garden of the house or along buildings. In group plantings, lupine is placed in the background. Low growing varieties used for planting along borders. You can combine lupins of different varieties and colors or create monochromatic compositions, it all depends on your imagination and the impression you want to create.
Growing lupine from seeds: video
Lupine varieties: photo
