Entrance doors perform several functions. One of them is the thermal insulation of the room. Unfortunately, the metal, which plays the main anti-burglary role, has a very high thermal conductivity. This material easily transfers heat to the external environment. Therefore, it is imperative to combine a powerful base with elements that are not so generous in terms of thermal presentation.
Conventional technologies consist of equipping doors thermal insulation materials, like foam plastic, mineral wool or fiberboard. A popular solution is to install a second door. The layer of air between the sheets protects well from heat loss.
But technology does not stand still, and is becoming more and more in demand.
The operating principle of thermal doors is based on the idea of completely eliminating contact with the internal metal cladding with the external environment. In essence, the technology involves equipping the structure with a layer of heat-insulating materials. It seems that everything is the same as with standard insulation during installation regular doors. But there is one nuance, and we have already voiced it - there are no cold bridges here at all.
If in the case of conventional structures and standard insulation there are plenty of contact points, then in thermal doors all bridges are “burnt”. Even isolated door frames and accessories. The core of the lock and the junction of the inner and outer handles are insulated. Used as thermal insulation various materials. One of the most popular combinations is polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam and foil insulation. The latter is located between the first two and is characterized, among other things, by its heat-reflecting property.
Is it possible to make a door with a thermal break yourself?
Theoretically, everything is possible. In practice, the procedure for complete thermal insulation is very complex and can only be accomplished with the help of specialized equipment. Attempts to make similar design will independently lead either to huge temporary losses or to the imperfection of “thermal doors”. If even small cold bridges occur, the meaning of production and operation is lost.
We offer thermal doors of excellent quality, manufactured by qualified employees using high-tech technology. modern equipment. Call us for details!
Entrance doors perform not only a protective, but also a thermal insulation function, therefore special requirements are imposed on such products. Today, there are several types of structures that can protect a house from the penetration of cold. One of the best options are metal doors with a thermal break.
What it is?
Metal doors They transmit heat very well, which does not allow them to retain optimal temperature indoors. Today this problem is solved with the help various insulation materials, which are located under the frame sheets.
Doors with thermal break - one of the varieties insulated structures. A special feature of these products is the use of several layers of insulation, between which a thermal insulating gasket is placed. This layer can be a variety of materials with minimal thermal conductivity characteristics.
Iron doors This type is often installed directly on the street. Their use indoors does not provide any aesthetic or rational effectiveness.
To improve quality, thick sheets of steel are used as the main material, which can withstand heavy loads.
Advantages
Doors with thermal breaks are gaining immense popularity. They are perfect for various climatic zones where the temperature drops below 0. This is due to several advantages of such doors. These include:
- High thermal insulation performance. With the help of such products you can create comfortable conditions living inside a private house or city apartment.
- High-quality technical properties. Doors are not only strong and durable, but also resistant to fire (able to withstand burning for a certain time).
- Wear resistance. The use of a thermal break eliminates the formation of condensation on the surface of the canvas. This prevents the formation of ice and also prevents the spread of corrosion on the metal surface.
- Soundproofing. The canvases have good sound insulation characteristics. Similar products will become optimal solution for apartments near which noise is constantly present.
- Ease of use. The use of high-quality fittings eliminates the heavy weight of the canvas. Its movement is quite easy, which allows even a child or a fragile girl to handle the doors.
- Durability. During the production of doors, the surface of metal components is coated with special protective equipment(zinc-based polymer primer, anti-corrosion mixtures, etc.). They prevent corrosion and extend the life of all elements. To increase the metal's resistance to mechanical damage, it can also be laser processed.
Flaws
Thermal doors are universal structures that are perfect for installation as entrance elements. But such products still have several significant disadvantages:
- Considerable weight. Many doorways cannot support such structures. The solution to this problem is to additionally reinforce the wall with metal inserts.
- Incorrect installation. If the door is installed skewed, this will nullify almost all its advantages. This design may allow air to leak, causing heat loss or condensation. Therefore everything installation work You should trust only experienced and trusted specialists.
- Simple design. Doors of this type consist of straight sheets that are attached to a frame. Today, almost no manufacturer supplements them decorative elements. This makes the doors look monotonous and boring. But still there are modifications that are equipped with small decorative overlays in the form of forged products, etc.
- Optimal characteristics microclimate. It should be noted that thermal doors protect against ice formation if the amount of condensate is minimal. If there is high humidity in the room (especially on the street side), then the liquid itself will settle on the metal. With the advent of severe frosts, the outer side of the structure will begin to freeze. Technically this will not have any effect on interior space, but over time it can damage external insulation and lead to the formation of drafts.
Considering all the disadvantages of such products, you should approach the choice of a door with a thermal break very responsibly. It is imperative to take into account customer reviews of various manufacturers. Some models may differ radically at a high price(most often this is a three-circuit model), but the technical properties will be almost the same as those of cheaper products.
This will allow you to choose not only a warm, but also a durable design for a relatively small amount of money.
Insulation materials used
The quality of thermal doors depends on many factors, among which the main one is the type of internal filler. Today, in the production of three-circuit structures, several types of insulation are used:
- PVC. This material is one of the most affordable, but at the same time it is not able to withstand severe frosts. Therefore, PVC doors are suitable only for regions with a temperate climate.
- Mineral wool and polystyrene foam. Often these substances are combined together, which allows you to keep the house warm in temperatures down to -25 degrees.
- Fiberglass. This material retains heat very well. But if the doors are used at high temperatures, this may cause the release of harmful substances from the fiberglass.
- Tree. One of the highest quality heat insulators. This material retains heat perfectly without releasing any harmful components into the external environment. The only drawback of wood is its high price.
Qualitative characteristics
Thermal doors are not only products for heat preservation. Today, many manufacturers are paying attention to other design parameters metal sheets. Such products have several strong technical properties. These include:
- Reinforced frame. Almost all doors are made from solid sheets of steel, at least 2 mm thick. The frame itself is welded from a special profile that can withstand significant loads. This in turn leads to an increase in the weight of the canvas.
Steel door with a thermal break on the leaf, intended for cottages, private houses, for rooms with sudden temperature changes
There are special requirements for entrance doors, especially street doors, since it is no secret that such structures are daily exposed to precipitation, temperature changes and ultraviolet radiation - factors that negatively affect their functionality.
For many Siberians, and especially for those who live in the northern regions of the country, problems such as the formation of condensation and freezing of the surface of the door leaf and frame common occurrence. Often seen in Novosibirsk cottage villages appearance The doors leave much to be desired.
There is a way out of this situation! - structures made using special technology specifically for private houses and cottages.
Thermal break - what is it?
As is known from the laws of physics, all materials are capable of transferring heat to each other, and the transfer occurs from a warm region to a cold one. Steel doors are no exception: when the room is warm and it’s frosty outside, when the surfaces that make up the door come into contact, heat transfer occurs, as a result of which the cold from the street penetrates into the room.
To slow down this process, low conductivity elements can be used, which are either special insulating materials, or dry air, hermetically sealed in the cavity of the structure.
The double door principle
In the recent past, at the entrances to private houses, not one barrier was installed, but two: air bag, formed between the canvases, absorbed cold air, preventing it from entering the room. Today, some property owners continue to use this method, installing two steel structures in one box, or using metal product together with wood.
The modern thermal break door is based on a different principle!
More the right way To keep the room warm is a door with a thermal break, which is often played by a special thermo-reflective layer. A layer of such material is located in the center of the canvas - a “thermos effect”. Thus, the thermal resistance is identical brick wall 1500 mm thick. And the multi-layer insulated frame of the door serves as protection against freezing of mineral wool and or foam when installing the door. Due to this, the thermal conductivity of the structure is reduced and heat loss is reduced.
Conventional materials used for insulating sheets and boxes, such as polystyrene foam, also have thermal break properties. mineral wool etc., but in harsh conditions exploitation they may be powerless.
The standard filling of a door with a thermal break looks like this:
thermal break of the door leaf
Door frame
Three layers of insulation:
- Extruded polystyrene foam,
- 75th density basalt slab,
- Polyethylene foam material.
With proper operation and installation (air humidity should not exceed 75%, t not lower than 16 degrees), frost will not appear on the door leaf indoors. (doesn't freeze)
In addition to significantly reducing heat loss, they have a number of other advantages:
reduction in energy costs (in case electric heating);
resistance to the formation of condensation, frost and ice on the surface of the product, thereby increasing the functionality and wear resistance of the structure.
The weather-resistant polymer coating of the canvas and frame is a three-layer coating consisting of an anti-corrosion zinc-containing polymer coating.
It is impossible to imagine any apartment or apartment without an entrance door. a private house. It not only protects us from uninvited guests, but is also able to keep us warm. Today I would like to focus on individual buildings. This is where problems arise. Let's look at doors with a thermal break. Let's look at their features and specifications.
Know-how at your doorstep
First, it’s worth telling what a thermal break is, and for this you need to remember the law of physics. It says: all materials are capable of giving and receiving heat. This transfer occurs from a warm region to a cold one. Steel entrance groups are no exception. When it’s frosty outside and the house is warm, heat transfer begins, and here the cold gradually penetrates inside the room.
In order to somehow reduce the heat transfer process, they resort to thermal break. Simply put, this is an element of the inside of the door that has low thermal conductivity.
You may have never seen doors with a thermal break, but you encounter this effect every day, for example:
- put an oven mitt on your hand before picking up something hot;
- put it on warm clothes before going out onto the snowy street.
Application
This effect in the manufacture of entrance doors began to be used not so long ago. Before this, it was replaced by a second partition. To be more precise, it was an additional door that created that very barrier and absorbed all the cold air. This method has not gone anywhere, but an alternative has simply replaced cumbersome structures, the installation of which takes a lot of effort, time and money. New products look aesthetically pleasing and retain heat well.
Manufacturing
Surely you will be interested to know what a door with a thermal break consists of. Reviews show that increasingly these models are becoming sales leaders. And if you look inside it, you can see the following:
- Outer a metal sheet with decor.
- Cork fiber.
- Polyurethane foam.
- Folgoizolon.
- Expanded polystyrene.
- Inner metal sheet.
The thermal break in this design is foil insulation, which is used to lay the middle internal space door leaf.
Certification
When you come to the store, you shouldn’t buy the first door you come across. It's time to explore everything technical documentation. Quality doors must be manufactured in accordance with GOST 31173. This information should be provided to you by your sales consultant. And also for a product of this quality you should be provided additional information. Namely:
- Door testing documents. All certified products must have similar conclusions. In them you will find all the test results in the field of sound insulation, heat transfer, reliability and air circulation. The total number of checks should be about 8 points.
- Separate test report thermal conductivity properties. The door undergoes a test, during which the temperature balance must be maintained: on one side of the product the temperature should be about -20 degrees, on the other - +20. There cannot be any heat leaks; this is required by the standards.
If the manufacturer has all the documents available, then you can safely purchase such a door with a thermal break.
Peculiarities
Now I should tell you about the advantages of such an entrance door. These include:
- heat loss reduced to a minimum;
- reduced energy costs;
- the door can be used for a long time.
I would also like to additionally note that there are no shortcomings in such a door. It's just a high price, but its quality is worth it. The price for such a product starts from 22,000 rubles.
Additional materials
We are introducing you to this interesting product, without which no building can be imagined. What does a door with a thermal break look like? The photo will show you in more detail what a quality product looks like.
Listing heat insulating materials, we haven't mentioned fiberglass. It makes the door cheaper. But at the slightest fire, fiberglass burns violently and releases toxic substances.
View matters
Low thermal conductivity and original design All entrance doors have a thermal break. Reviews from people indicate the popularity of such models. Here's what users say about them:
- Excellent value for money and quality.
- The doors perform well even in very coldy.
But buyers also identified major disadvantages:
- High price.
- Expensive door installation and maintenance services.
- Often the installation is carried out by incompetent workers, after which the effect of thermal break is not felt.
And of course, attention should be paid not only internal materials, but also external. It all depends on your preferences and wallet capabilities. You can make an exclusive design that will highlight the style of your home. Door trim with inside can be made of wood, chipboard or laminate board.
Installation
The door must fit your opening exactly. To do this, you need to seek the help of a measurer, but you can do this procedure yourself. And then everything is simple. You order a door of the size you need and wait for the installation technician.
Advice! You should not install an entrance door with a thermal break yourself. This is especially true for situations where this needs to be done at the “street-house” border. All work must be carried out by specialists to ensure perfect tightness.
Now you know that doors with a thermal break are best option for a private house that does not have a vestibule. You can forever forget about accumulated condensation and constant drafts.
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Increasingly, owners of private houses and cottages complain that frost blows from the front door.
Its design freezes and lets cold into the house, causing smudges and ice to form on the door.
It turns out that you pay for warmth and comfort in your home, and as a result, you heat the street.
How to deal with this problem?
How to make sure that your household does not suffer from the cold?
In this article we will look at what you should pay attention to when choosing a street door.
- What is a thermal break and how does it happen?
- What conditions are necessary for proper operation.
- We'll tell you some useful tips.
Most sellers advise paying attention to outdoor doors with a “thermal break” function.
That is why we will start with it. Let us explain why a thermal break is needed and what types there are.
Thermal breaks- these are structural elements that reduce the heat transfer process and act as the main thermal resistance in the design. The term can also mean materials for the implementation of such elements or a set of measures for their construction.
Most buyers (and sellers) believe that a thermal break is a special insert that separates the door leaf along the contour.
This is what unscrupulous manufacturers often take advantage of, creating the appearance of its presence.
R A Let's look at which structural elements in the door affect the reduction in thermal conductivity in order of their importance!
First of all It is necessary to pay attention to the filling of the door leaf, because it is this that forms the basis of the structure that will preserve the warmth and comfort of your home.
In order for the door leaf to perform its thermal insulation properties as efficiently as possible, it is necessary to use materials with low thermal conductivity.
At the moment, the most common fillers are: min.slab, polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam.
Styrofoam– sheet material, its main advantage is the price.
Expanded polystyrene– sheet material significantly exceeds foam plastic in thermal conductivity.
To the main disadvantages everyone sheet materials This can be attributed to the appearance of gaps at the joints in the door leaf; as a result, uninsulated parts remain, which can lead to freezing of the doors.
Also a disadvantage Such materials have very low vapor permeability, as a result there is a possibility of condensation inside the doors. In the future, such doors will collapse (rust) from the inside. Although this process does not proceed quickly, it is worth thinking about the durability of such a structure.
Another disadvantage of doors with rigid filling(foam, polystyrene, polyurethane foam) is minimal sound insulation.
Polyurethane foam– hollow-free filling of the canvas with a material with excellent heat transfer resistance. This option allows you to avoid gaps and the likelihood of condensation inside the canvas; the locks are insulated.
The disadvantage of this design is the reduction in the strength of the canvas and the impossibility of installing reinforcements from stiffening ribs.
Such doors most often have a minimum strength class of M3, required to obtain a GOST certificate. That is why the use of a thermal bridge along the perimeter of the canvas becomes technically difficult. Because of this, the strength and overall wear resistance of the structure decreases.
Although such doors are made without a thermal bridge, due to their good characteristics In terms of content, they are successfully used in the private sector in places with reduced requirements. Mainly in houses with seasonal visits (gardens, plots), in utility rooms, or houses equipped with a vestibule with good ventilation (low humidity levels up to 30%)
For example, doors from the “Berloga” line, “Siberia” series.
Mineral plate
(only street options) is a rolled-slab material with a low heat transfer coefficient and increased noise insulation. He has high stability moisture and atmospheric temperature changes. Due to its relative softness, there are no gaps when installed in the canvas.
It is advisable to use such material together with a vapor barrier membrane. In this case, one achieves best performance in terms of thermal conductivity and enhancing the effect of self-drying (thanks to this property, min. slabs are widely used for insulating wooden (breathing) walls, where it is strictly forbidden to use insulation made of polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam).
By the way, the presence of multi-layers in the door will good sign, especially when correct selection materials.
It is the “Thermal Plate” and the thermal break “Thermos” that are used in the manufacture street doors"Argus-Teplo" (Argus company is one of the largest factories for the production of safe doors in Russia).
ATTENTION! The use of household mineral wool (slabs) is strictly not recommended; it is not intended for use in conditions of high humidity and loses its properties over time!
Secondly It is necessary to pay attention to the presence of direct cold bridges along the door leaf and frame. It is on them that ice forms, which not only spoils the appearance, but also significantly complicates the use of the door.
The photo clearly shows the consequences of direct cold bridges along the contour of the door.
To solve this problem, a thermal bridge is most often used (thermal break metal parts connecting the inside and outside of the door).
It is this that buyers perceive mainly as the only thermal break in the door.
The most effective materials for the manufacture of door thermal bridges are “Glass-filled polyamide” (GTN) and “cork backing”.
"Cork"– effective natural material with a low thermal conductivity coefficient. Despite this, it has a significant drawback - fragility. As a result, its thickness is no more than 2mm!
In addition, to consolidate cork backing have to use more complex design, significantly increasing the total cost of the door.
"Glass-filled polyamide"– a latest generation material, it is successfully used in the automotive and aerospace industries. Combining high strength and low thermal conductivity as effectively as possible.
Application in metal frame thermal bridge doors made of glass-filled polyamide STN-2169, allows you to maintain high structural strength.
Attention!
The thermal bridge in the doors must be present both in the door leaf and in the door frame!
Third Pay attention to the cold bridges on the accompanying door parts.
There should be no direct cold bridges in street doors, namely:
- eyes;
- locks with a cylinder mechanism (exceptions are possible, but such a cylinder is often more expensive than the door itself, so you won’t find it in inexpensive doors);
- the locks must be insulated and located in special lock pockets that do not have direct contact with the outer and inner parts of the door;
- stiffeners must be insulated and have a thermal insulating gasket;
- door handles must have a thermal break.
Fourthly, you need to pay attention to the quality of the polymer powder coating.
Although it will not have any immediate effect on protection from the cold at first, it will be unpleasant for anyone to see a “rusted piece of iron” in their home.
A conventional polymer powder coating may not withstand sudden temperature changes in our harsh climate zone.
That is why street doors must undergo pre-treatment before painting.
It will be an undeniable advantage when choosing a door:
Phosphating– improves paint strength and prevents the door from peeling.
Fifthly:
Don't forget about interior decoration doors. After all, street doors are used in a more aggressive environment compared to apartment doors. For example: while the door is closed, it is warm (+20 degrees), but when the door is open, there is direct contact with frost (-30 degrees), respectively, in a short period of time there is a sharp temperature change with a difference of 50 degrees. Not every finish can withstand such use.
The solution for street doors would be to use “ Moisture resistant panel» with weather-resistant coating.
A good addition to the door would be “ threshold of of stainless steel» - it will not only protect the threshold from “erasing”, but will also give the door an aesthetic appearance.
Don't forget that doors are primarily needed to protect the house! And in pursuit of high level thermal insulation, should not suffer door strength and protective functions!
So we have looked at what criteria should be used to choose doors to the “Street-House” border.
Summarize:
the presence of a visible “thermal bridge” does not mean that the door design is suitable for installation in a cottage. The use of materials in doors not designed for outdoor use does not contribute to long term door service.
Doors designed for household use, maybe they will be able to survive 1-2 winters, but every year they will lose their properties. As a result, you will still have to change them!
High-quality installation.
No matter how great the door is, poor installation can ruin everything.
What to pay attention to:
1)
If, while taking measurements, the specialist learned from you that you have a ventilated façade. This will be a huge plus.
Ventilated facade- this is insulation load-bearing wall With outside Houses. Most often it looks like a layer of insulation covered with cladding (facing brick, siding).
IN in this case It is prohibited to install the door in the overhead (platband on front part cladding). It must be “recessed” and mounted into a load-bearing wall.
Otherwise, there is a very high probability of ice forming on the door.
Note! The main culprits in this case are CUSTOMERS! It is the customer who asks for incorrect installation, arguing that it will look better this way. But it is worth remembering that remodeling will cost much more! With such installation, no manufacturer will give a guarantee on the door!
2)
After installation, the door should not have direct contact with the wall.
3)
All cavities between doors and walls must be insulated. Insulation is carried out using materials with a low thermal conductivity coefficient. Air pockets are not allowed.
4)
If installation is carried out at negative temperatures– special (winter) foam must be used. Thanks to this, optimal expansion is achieved, allowing for high-quality insulation.
Note! The foam container itself must be warm (at least +5C). Regardless of the fact that it can be used at lower temperatures. If in winter, the installers took out a cold cylinder from the trunk or body of the car and immediately began installation, you should think about their professionalism.
5)
The company’s popularity, how many years it has been on the market, whether it has its own stores. – Although indirect, it is not an unimportant sign. Typically, such companies have decent installation experience, and you can find reviews about them. And the likelihood of poor service is lower.
Note! If you like the manufacturer, good feedback about the quality of the doors. On the official website you can always find representatives of the plant in the “where to buy” section.
The manufacturer tries to place only those who have passed the certification test and will not “cast a shadow” on the product.
Worth remembering! If the door you choose meets all the requirements, the installation was carried out correctly, but condensation still appears.
It is necessary to measure the air humidity!
If the indicator more than 40%, then the humidity exceeds the permissible norm.
The higher the humidity, the higher the likelihood of moisture appearing on the surface of the door!
Now imagine if in severe frosts you opened the door with wet surface. Ice will instantly form on it. This does not mean that the door is frozen. This means that the humidity needs to be reduced.
You can find out the humidity level with a hydrometer, and if you don’t have one at hand, you can use traditional methods:
Stack cold water from the tap. Place it in the refrigerator for several hours, so that the water has time to cool to a temperature of 3 - 5 ºС ( average temperature For refrigeration chamber). Place a glass of water next to the door and observe the surface of the glass for five minutes.
· If the surface of the walls of the stack first fogged up, and after five minutes it was already dry, then the air in this room is dry (up to 40%)
· If after five minutes the walls are still fogged up, this is average humidity (40-60%)
· If after five minutes rivulets of water have formed on the surface of the glass, this indicates high humidity indoors (more than 60%)
Please note that these readings are approximate and may vary greatly.
The simplest example of high humidity: After a shower, condensation forms on the walls and doors in the bathroom. Everyone understands that the walls are not bad, but the moisture appeared due to high humidity.
Possible causes of high humidity:
- Poor ventilation.
- Location next to the door of rooms with high humidity (kitchen, bathroom, clothes dryer, boiler room)
- New building – all new houses have high humidity, because building materials release residual moisture into the air. By the way, this is why 1-2 years is not recommended finishing new premises. For “new houses”, it is normal for windows and doors to “cry”.
Air humidity can be adjusted:
- Air dehumidifier;
- Adding flow ventilation next to the door.
- Installation of heating devices, close to the doors (in houses where there is no vestibule).
It is much easier to regulate air humidity if you have a ventilated vestibule:
Tambour is small room at the entrance to the house, which serves as a thermal gateway between the house and the street ( recommended vestibule area of at least 1.2 m2). Entering the house, a person sequentially opens and closes first the door from the street, and then the door from the vestibule into the house.
It is a kind of thermal break between the living space and the street. The advantage of having it is also easier control of humidity levels, the main cause of condensation. Agree, it is much easier to control humidity in a small enclosed room than in the whole house.
Taking into account all these simple requirements, when improving your home you will get maximum comfort at minimal cost!
First of all, these are our doors!
Secondly, they passed certification tests.
Thirdly – Tested in Siberian conditions!
Fourthly – Laureate of the “100” competition best products Russia!
"Argus-Teplo"
Made in Russia!
GOST confirmed!
Time tested!
People approved!