Piping of a wall-mounted gas heating boiler. How to piping a solid fuel boiler

How correctly the strapping is done solid fuel boiler, its effectiveness depends further work and service life. In operation, wood and coal heat generators differ from units using other types of fuel, and therefore require a special approach.

It is proposed to consider in detail how, after installing the heating wiring, to connect a solid fuel boiler, including with your own hands. Description various schemes You can find connections for the TT boiler to the heating system in this material.

What is the difference between solid fuel boilers

Besides burning various types solid fuel, heat generators have a number of differences from other heat sources. These features should be taken for granted and always taken into account when connecting a solid fuel boiler to a water heating system. What are they:

High inertia. At the moment, there are no ways to quickly extinguish a fire solid fuel in the combustion chamber.
Formation of condensation in the firebox during heating. The peculiarity is manifested due to the flow of coolant with a low temperature (below 50 ° C) into the boiler tank.

Note. The phenomenon of inertia is absent only in one type of solid fuel units - pellet boilers. They have a burner where wood pellets are supplied in doses; after stopping the supply, the flame goes out almost immediately.

Diagram of a direct combustion TT boiler with forced air injection

Inertia creates the danger of overheating the water jacket of the heater, as a result of which the coolant in it boils. Steam is produced which creates high pressure rupturing the unit body and part of the supply pipeline. As a result, there is a lot of water in the furnace room, a lot of steam and a solid fuel boiler unsuitable for further use.

A similar situation can arise when the heat generator piping is done incorrectly. After all, in fact, the normal operating mode of wood-burning boilers is maximum; it is at this time that the unit reaches its rated efficiency. When the thermostat reacts to the coolant reaching a temperature of 85 °C and closes the air damper, combustion and smoldering in the firebox still continues. The water temperature rises another 2-4 °C, or even more, before its growth stops.

In order to avoid excess pressure and a subsequent accident, an important element is always involved in the piping of a solid fuel boiler - a safety group, which will be discussed in more detail below.

Another unpleasant feature of the unit operating on wood is the appearance of condensation on the inner walls of the firebox due to the passage of not yet heated coolant through the water jacket. This condensate is not God’s dew at all, since it is an aggressive liquid that quickly corrodes the steel walls of the combustion chamber. Then, having mixed with the ash, the condensate turns into a sticky substance that is not so easy to tear off from the surface. The problem is solved by installing a mixing unit in the piping circuit of a solid fuel boiler.

This coating serves as a heat insulator and reduces the efficiency of a solid fuel boiler.

It is too early to breathe a sigh of relief for owners of heat generators with cast iron heat exchangers that are not afraid of corrosion. Another misfortune may await them - the possibility of destruction of cast iron from temperature shock. Imagine that in a private house there was a power outage for 20-30 minutes and circulation pump, driving water through a solid fuel boiler, stopped. During this time, the water in the radiators has time to cool down, and in the heat exchanger it has time to heat up (due to the same inertia).

Electricity appears, the pump turns on and directs the cooled coolant from closed system heating. Due to a sharp temperature change, a temperature shock occurs at the heat exchanger, cast iron section cracks and water runs onto the floor. It is very difficult to repair; it is not always possible to replace a section. So even in this situation, the mixing unit will prevent an accident, which will be discussed below.

Emergency situations and their consequences are described not with the aim of scaring users of solid fuel boilers or encouraging them to purchase unnecessary elements of piping schemes. The description is based on practical experience, which must always be taken into account. At correct connection thermal unit, the probability of such consequences is extremely low, almost the same as for heat generators using other types of fuel.

How to connect a solid fuel boiler

The canonical connection diagram for a solid fuel boiler contains two main elements that allow it to function reliably in the heating system of a private home. This is a security group and mixing unit based and temperature sensor shown in the picture:

Always open exit the mixing valve (the left pipe in the diagram) must be directed to the pump and heat generator, otherwise there will be no circulation in the small boiler circuit

Note. The expansion tank is not shown here - it must be connected to the return line heating system in front of the pump (in the direction of water flow).

The presented diagram shows how to connect the unit correctly and is used with any solid fuel boilers, including pellet ones. You can find various general heating schemes - with a heat accumulator, a boiler indirect heating or hydraulic arrow, on which this unit is not shown, but it must be there. The method of protecting against moisture loss in the firebox is discussed in detail in the video:

The task of the safety group, installed directly at the outlet of the supply pipe of a solid fuel boiler, is to automatically relieve pressure in the network when it rises above a set value (usually 3 Bar). This is done, and in addition to it, the element is also equipped with a pressure gauge. The first releases the air appearing in the coolant, the second serves to control the pressure.

Attention! The installation of any shut-off valves is not allowed on the section of the pipeline between the safety group and the boiler. If you installed a ball valve to cut off and repair group parts, remove the handle from the stem.

How the scheme works

The mixing unit, which protects the heat generator from condensation and temperature changes, operates according to the following algorithm, starting from kindling:

The firewood is just starting to burn, the pump is on, the valve on the side of the heating system is closed. The coolant circulates in a small circle through the bypass.
When the temperature in the return pipeline rises to 50-55 °C, where the attached remote-type sensor is located, the thermal head, at its command, begins to press the three-way valve stem.
The valve slowly opens and cold water gradually enters the boiler, mixing with hot water from the bypass.
As all the radiators warm up, the overall temperature increases and then the valve closes the bypass completely, passing all the coolant through the heat exchanger of the unit.

An important nuance. Paired with a 3-way valve, a special head with a sensor and capillary is installed, designed to regulate the water temperature in a certain range (for example, 40...70 or 50...80 degrees). A regular radiator thermal head will not work.

This wiring diagram is the simplest and most reliable; its installation can be easily done with your own hands and thus ensure safe work solid fuel boiler. There are a couple of recommendations regarding this, especially when piping a wood-burning heater in a private house with polypropylene or other polymer pipes:

Make the section of the pipe from the boiler to metal, and then lay plastic.
Thick-walled polypropylene conducts heat poorly, which is why the surface-mounted sensor will openly lie, and the three-way valve will lag. For correct operation of the unit, the area between the pump and the heat generator, where the copper flask is located, must also be metal.

Connection copper pipes will not protect polypropylene from destruction in case of overheating of the TT boiler. But it will allow the temperature sensor and safety valve on the safety group to work correctly

Another point is the installation location of the circulation pump. It is best for him to stand where he is shown in the diagram - on the return line in front of wood boiler. In general, you can install the pump on the supply side, but remember what was said above: in an emergency, steam may appear in the supply pipe.

The pump is unable to pump gases, so when the chamber is filled with steam, the impeller will stop and the coolant circulation will stop. This will speed up a possible explosion of the boiler, because it will not be cooled by water flowing from the return.

Way to reduce the cost of strapping

The condensation protection circuit can be reduced in cost by installing a three-way mixing valve simplified design, which does not require connecting an overhead temperature sensor and thermal head. It already has a thermostatic element installed, set to a fixed mixture temperature of 55 or 60 °C, as shown in the figure:

Special 3-way valve for solid fuel heating units HERZ-Teplomix

Note. Similar valves that maintain a fixed temperature of mixed water at the outlet and are intended for installation in the primary circuit of a solid fuel boiler are produced by many famous brands— Herz Armaturen, Danfoss, Regulus and others.

Installing such an element definitely allows you to save on piping the TT boiler. But in this case, the possibility of changing the temperature of the coolant using a thermal head is lost, and its deviation at the output can reach 1-2 °C. In most cases, these shortcomings are insignificant.

Trim option with buffer tank

The presence of a buffer tank is extremely desirable for the operation of a boiler using solid fuels and here’s why. In order for the unit to function efficiently and produce heat with the efficiency declared in the passport (from 75 to 85% for different types), it should operate at maximum mode. When the air damper is closed to slow down combustion, there is a lack of oxygen in the firebox and the efficiency of wood burning decreases. At the same time, emissions into the atmosphere increase carbon monoxide(SO).

For reference. It is because of emissions that in most European countries it is prohibited to operate solid fuel boilers without a buffer tank.

On the other hand, at maximum combustion, the temperature of the coolant in modern heat generators reaches 85 ° C, and one load of firewood lasts only 4 hours. This does not suit many owners of private houses. The solution to the problem is to install a buffer tank and connect it to the TT boiler piping so that it serves as a storage tank. Schematically it looks like this:

By measuring the temperatures T1 and T2, you can configure the layer-by-layer loading of the container with a balancing valve

When the furnace is burning with all its might, buffer capacity accumulates heat (in technical language - loaded), and after extinguishing it releases it into the heating system. To control the temperature of the coolant supplied to the radiators, a three-way mixing valve and a second pump are also installed on the other side of the storage tank. Now it is not at all necessary to run to the boiler every 4 hours, because after the firebox goes out, the heating of the house will be provided for some time by the buffer tank. How long depends on its volume and heating temperature.

Reference. Based practical experience The capacity of the heat accumulator can be determined as follows: a private house with an area of 200 m² you will need a tank with a volume of at least 1 m³.

There are a couple important nuances. In order for the piping circuit to work safely, you need a solid fuel boiler whose power is sufficient for simultaneous heating and loading of the buffer tank. This means that power will be required 2 times higher than the calculated one. Another point is to select the pump performance so that the flow rate in the boiler circuit is slightly higher than the amount of water flowing in the heating circuit.

An interesting option for connecting a TT boiler with a homemade buffer tank (aka an indirect heating boiler) without a pump is demonstrated in our video:

Joint connection of two boilers

To increase the heating comfort of a private home, many owners install two or more heat sources that run on different energy sources. At the moment, the most relevant combinations of boilers are:

natural gas and wood;
solid fuel and electricity.

Accordingly, the gas and solid fuel boiler must be connected in such a way that the second automatically replaces the first after burning the next portion of firewood. The same requirements are put forward for connecting an electric boiler to a wood boiler. This is quite simple to do when a buffer tank is involved in the piping scheme, since it simultaneously plays the role of a hydraulic arrow, as shown in the figure.

The boiler supply lines are connected to the upper pipes of the heat accumulator, the return pipes to the lower ones

Advice. You will find information on calculating the volume of the buffer tank.

As you can see, thanks to the presence of an intermediate storage tank, 2 different boilers can serve several distribution heating circuits at once - radiators and heated floors, and in addition load an indirect heating boiler. But not everyone installs a heat accumulator with a TT boiler, since this is not a cheap pleasure. For this case there is simple circuit, and you can install it yourself:

The circuit takes into account the peculiarity of the electric boiler - the built-in circulation pump always works

Note. The scheme is valid for both electric and gas heat generators operating together with solid fuel.

Here the main source of heat is a wood heater. After a stack of firewood burns out, the air temperature in the house begins to drop, which is recorded by the sensor room thermostat and immediately turns on the heating with an electric boiler. Without a new load of firewood, the temperature in the supply pipe decreases and the overhead mechanical thermostat turns off the pump of the solid fuel unit. If you ignite it after some time, everything will happen in the reverse order. This video is described in detail about this joint connection method:

Tying using the method of primary and secondary rings

There is another way to combine a solid fuel boiler with an electric one to ensure large number consumers. This is a method of primary and secondary circulation rings, which provides for hydraulic separation of flows, but without the use of a hydraulic needle. Also for reliable operation the system requires a minimum of electronics, and the controller is not needed at all, despite the apparent complexity of the circuit:

The trick is that all consumers and boilers are connected to one primary circulation ring by both the supply and return pipelines. Due to the small distance between connections (up to 300 mm), the pressure drop is minimal compared to the pressure of the main circuit pump. Due to this, the movement of water in the primary ring does not depend on the operation of the secondary ring pumps. Only the temperature of the coolant changes.

Theoretically, any number of heat sources and secondary rings can be included in the main circuit. The main thing is to choose the right pipe diameters and the performance of the pumping units. The actual performance of the main ring pump must exceed the flow rate in the most “gluttonous” secondary circuit.

To achieve this, it is necessary to perform a hydraulic calculation and only then will it be possible to select the right pumps, so an ordinary homeowner cannot do without the help of specialists. In addition, it is necessary to link the operation of solid fuel and electric boilers by installing shut-off thermostats, as described in the following video:

Conclusion

As you can see, piping a solid fuel boiler correctly is not so easy. The issue must be approached responsibly and before carrying out installation and connection work, additionally consult with a specialist whose qualifications are beyond doubt. For example, with someone who gives explanations in the presented videos.

The task of the heating system is to create a comfortable microclimate in the house. Competent organization heating determines the uniform distribution of heat around the perimeter of the living area, and protects the elements of the functioning unit from overheating. Boiler piping is the process of connecting equipment to hot water supply and distribution networks in accordance with operating standards.

Boiler piping components

The boiler is the core of the heating circuit and its type affects the choice of piping scheme. The main rule for installing a floor-standing boiler comes down to prohibiting its placement in the upper part of the pipeline distribution A. If the standards are violated, the boiler, which does not have conditions for air exhaust, will begin to create air jams. The pipe leaving the boiler without an air vent must have clear vertical position.

The pipes located at the bottom of the unit will “tell” about the presence of an automatic air vent necessary for connection to the heating network. They are provided in wall-mounted electric and gas models. This feature should be taken into account when piping the boiler, since wall-mounted monoblock models can independently cope with the release of air masses.

Boilers are sold both fully equipped and without additional elements. Required Parts must be purchased separately and included in the circuit. Those who have chosen heating with natural circulation will not find them useful.

Diaphragm tank and radiators

A paronite gasket will do. The use of tow, fum tape and rubber components is prohibited. They can catch fire, and the rubber will reduce the diameter of the pipe, which will disrupt the gas supply. Such a pipeline initially claims to be in long service, is able to withstand pressure exceeding 25 bar and a coolant of 95 degrees.

Features of connecting solid fuel boilers

Boilers of this type do not have the function of regulating heat supply. The combustion of fuel cannot be interrupted, therefore, in the event of a power outage, the pump responsible for the forced movement of the coolant will stop. However, heating will continue and pressure will increase. Evolving process will destroy the entire system. To eliminate such moments, several types of emergency circuits are provided that allow you to dump excess heat. This:

Timely submission cold water.
Connecting batteries to the pump.
Presence of a gravity circuit.
Additional emergency circuit.

For solid fuel boilers, the piping plays important role- a high-quality connection will allow you to create a self-regulating system. Therefore, it is better to trust the subtleties of installation skillful hands specialists.

Gravity heating

It is necessary to pay attention to the principles of coolant circulation through the heating circuit. This - - natural movement coolant and forced circulation circuit. Distinctive feature of these types is the presence or absence of a node that forces hot water to move.

In system natural circulation movement in a closed system occurs under the influence of the laws of physics. The process is determined by the difference in water density. This type of heating eliminates the consumption of electricity.

Natural circulation system cannot be automatically adjusted, and this will require pipes with a larger diameter, which will affect the interior of the room and higher cost. If the network is subject to periodic voltage drops, this type of heating arrangement would be the best option. The system is reliable in operation and does not require attention. The natural movement pattern is suitable for small area, although now considered "last century".

Advantages of a natural circulation system:

Easy to install.
Independence from electricity supply.
Budget option.
Reliable operation and operation.

Forced heating system

Forced circulation ensures the creation of the necessary pressure and the account of the operation of electric pumps. The forced circulation circuit is comfortable because it is controlled automatically when stable supply electricity. It is permissible to select separate temperature parameters for each room, sensor-controlled systems.

Flaws systems:

Complex strapping scheme.
Inevitable balancing of parts.
Expensive service.
High cost of components.

Any installation system requires a certain number additional details. The installation option on primary-secondary rings does not imply a large presence of fastening and connection elements, but instead of them, installation of pumps on heating rings will be required. The ring system together with the floor boiler are complemented combs- heating collectors , evenly distributing the supply of coolant to the heating elements.

Schematic diagram of the strapping

Heating efficiency depends on the accuracy of the connection. General scheme piping for boilers of all types, including solid fuel and condensing types, is simple and looks like this:

Radiator.
Nuts " American women» - for attaching the boiler to the heating system.
Ball Valves - to disconnect the boiler from the system.
Filters for cleaning - protect against non-standard water fractions.
Thermal heads, tees, Mayevsky taps
Angles and tees.
Valves: straight through, separating, air and safety.
Expansion tanks.
Pressure gauges, thermometers, hydraulic separators, circulation pump.
Clamps and other fastening parts.

Double-circuit boiler

Now let's look at the difference between the heating scheme country house using a double-circuit boiler.

A unit of this type differs from a single-circuit analogue universal purpose: maintains the degree of coolant in the heating circuit, and heats water for household needs. Single-circuit generators can also indirectly heat water. The process of heat transfer occurs during the passage of the coolant through the secondary heat exchanger.

The difference between a double-circuit boiler is direct transfer of thermal energy to water. Its peculiarity is that when consuming hot water The coolant does not heat up. Parallel operation of two circuits is excluded. Practice has shown that for houses with high-quality thermal insulation, and therefore with thermal inertia, the operating mode of the boiler is not important. And the heating scheme will be the same for any type of heating. Radiators and coolant provide long-term cooling. This result is due to the choice of radiators with large capacity and wide pipe diameter. A large volume of hot water can be obtained by combining a single-circuit design and a heating column. For houses with a large number of sq. m. the operation of the boiler is not of fundamental importance, and the heating schemes of the boilers will be similar.

Connection features

Double-circuit boiler should not be designed in combination with a natural circulation system- after stopping the heating of the coolant, the movement will quickly stop. The reheating process takes a long time, and the heat in the radiator is distributed unevenly. However, most models are equipped with circulation pumps.

Classic version The piping of boilers with a two-pipe scheme looks like this. Hot water rises into a supply pipe that spans the house above. Then the coolant passes through the connected risers with heating devices, which do not completely open the riser. Radiators are equipped with a jumper and a choke, necessary for heat regulation. Needed shut-off valve on the second line of eyeliner. The air vent is mounted in the upper part of the expansion tank circuit.

The coolant returns through the lower connection of the system. The advantage of the scheme is that it can work in natural circulation mode. The accelerator of the collector will be the pipe through which the coolant moves to the upper filling.

Typical connection errors

Safety valves

They are not used when the heating system is open. Valve purpose - protect the boiler from damage in case of a sharp increase in pressure. Usually the valve is forgotten or a model or safety group with different characteristics is installed.

During the valve response, part of the water flows out of the system, which ensures pressure release and protection. You should not insert the drain tube into the sewer, since the reason for the decrease in pressure will not be clear. You can get by with a funnel. By the way, there is no need to throw the septic tank into the coolant.

Air vent. The part must be installed immediately after installing the boiler to avoid “airing”. Often they simply forget to open it. This is also typical for wall options with factory function. By the way, the circulation pump is also ventilated.

The air vent must stand strictly vertically upward. When it starts to leak, there is a shut-off valve in front of it, so replacing it with a new one will take a couple of minutes.

Circulation pump. The pump will operate properly only when the axis is in a horizontal position, and this position will significantly extend the “life” of the bearings.

It is advisable to protect the mechanism from dirt and debris from the outside. Strainers sold separately

Radiators. Disadvantages when connecting a panel radiator to the coolant. The radiator design involves connecting the supply pipe to the internal pipe, located almost in the center, and to the outermost one - in the return pipe. The reverse connection order will reduce the heat transfer of the radiator by half. By the way, decorative screens disrupt heat exchange by 10-20%.

Proper installation and correct power calculations will help create maximum comfort for living in country house in any season.

Important! In the article we consider piping a heating boiler as work to connect it to a finished heating system. This means: radiators, pipes, underfloor heating circuits - everything is already installed, all that remains is to connect the boiler. When studying the issue, you may come across the fact that the boiler piping also includes the installation of all elements of the heating system. But this is wrong, since it is important to separate the heat generator (boiler) and the heat emitter (battery that gives off heat). Everything between them is the harness.

The boiler piping solves three problems:

Uniform heat distribution throughout the system.
Protecting the boiler from overheating, which can lead to equipment shutdown ( the best option) or explosion (worst option).
Quality supply hot water, if boiler .

Based on the type of installation complexity, heating boiler piping can be divided into complex and simple (conditionally). Simple piping includes a minimum set of instruments, devices, units and is performed, as a rule, for expensive boilers, which already have most of the protection elements and coolant distribution units built into them. Complex piping of the boiler (this is the same set of pipes in the photo) is carried out in the case of installing the simplest boiler, which, in fact, plays the role of a gas burner.

Note: In general, it can be argued that the cost of a boiler and its piping is inversely proportional: the more expensive the boiler, the easier and cheaper it is to install; the cheaper the boiler, the more expensive and more complicated scheme his harness.

But this statement does not apply industrial facilities, where increased safety standards and a complete wiring diagram apply, sometimes duplicating already built-in functions heating boiler, must be carried out in any case to comply with acceptance standards.

This material does not discuss the piping of industrial boilers installed in large boiler houses that supply heat to individual neighborhoods or enterprises.

Wiring a wall-mounted boiler and water heater

What to buy and why

Elements of the heating boiler piping circuit in the maximum configuration include:

Expansion tank.
Pump.
8 taps (two each for the pump, supply, return, and one each for the cold water supply and the hot water outlet fitting).
Fittings (American nuts, couplings, angles, tees).
Mechanical filters (2 pieces) and a softener (1 at the cold water inlet to the boiler).
Gas valve and reducer (for gas boiler).
Relief valve (air vent).
Separate electrical input with automatic power cut-off (for any boilers that have an electrical part, as well as for pumps).
Measuring instruments.
Adapter from the boiler chimney to the house one (except for gas turbocharged ones - they have a chimney included).
In some cases, blower fans and smoke exhausters can be installed if required by the project.

Depending on the boiler and the selected heating system design, some elements may not be used.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the choice of pipe material. Plastic pipes– easy to install and used everywhere. But sometimes project conditions require using steel pipes. Today this is due, in most cases, to the requirement of standards fire safety or execution technical requirements to ensure uninterrupted heating operation. If they exist, then you need to clarify where and what pipes you can use according to the project. For example, part of the circuit in the boiler room can be made of metal in the boiler room itself, and in residential/office premises switch to plastic. Or make all the piping metal, if this is heating a workshop or workshop and the project requires it.

Work order:

Boiler installation.
Plumbing work to connect the boiler to the heating system consists of: connecting the supply and return with installing a filter on the latter, installing a filter and softener for cold water inlet (for refilling the heating system), installing a hot water tap.
Installation and testing of pump operation.
Connecting a fuel source (gas, electricity)
Air valve installation.
Installation of expansion tank.
Installation of control devices (pressure gauges, thermometers, thermocouples, pyrometers)
Modeling situations for the activation of emergency shutdown systems.
Full check of the operation of the heating system with installed boiler piping.
Acceptance of work.

Let's start tying the boiler

There are two heating schemes: gravity and forced. The first type is called gravitational because it uses simple laws of physics: due to the difference in the density of the heated and spent coolant, movement occurs along the circuit. The coolant returns to the boiler under the influence of its own weight, without the use of a pump. The creation of a gravitational circuit is not only the basis of all foundations, but also the basis on which the entire safety of the system is built. This rule should never be neglected.

Advantages:

Simplicity, which is the key to reliability.
Autonomy at work.
One of the cheapest strapping options.

Forced heating is when you insert a pump into your gravity circuit. They do this for a number of reasons:

they want to save on the boiler and fuel: the boiler is small, the system is large, so the pump ensures pumping of the coolant to the very extreme point of the system, so that all of it evenly releases heat into the room;
correct the operation of an incorrectly installed heating system - the circuit is not gravitational.

The pump circuit is reliable and provides consumer comfort. But the lack of electricity makes it useless.

Piping of floor-standing boilers for a powerful heating system

Initially: the boiler is installed as low as possible to the highest point of the heating system (therefore, in private houses installation in a pit is required).

Note: The lower the boiler is in relation to the radiators and pipes, the better - the safer.

Simple wiring of a solid fuel boiler

The coolant is always saturated with air. It is necessary to allow this air to accumulate and escape - for this purpose an expansion tank is made at the highest point of the system.

Today, many models have their own air vent (or explosion valve). In units without this element, the coolant supply pipe should go strictly vertically upward - this will save you from airing the boiler.

Preparing the boiler piping for execution finishing operations in room

If the supply and return pipes exit at the bottom or side of the boiler, then there is an air vent system in the boiler. As a rule, it is found in all models of electric and gas boilers.

On the wiring diagrams (see. photo) you can find a lot of bends, pipe turns, various built-in elements (redundant filters, taps, valves). The master’s task is to reduce their number to the required minimum: there should be fewer bends, turns and tees - even fewer. The principle applies: than simpler system- the more reliable it is.

Solid fuel boilers are easy to connect, but

The combustion process in these boilers is not regulated. Because of this, a number of emergency situations are possible that need to be mitigated. The most common is a power outage, which can cause the pump to fail or stop. The solution is simple - creating additional emergency schemes, which include:

Gravity circuit.
Cold water supply.
Backup power supply for the pump.
Installation of a heat storage tank.
Additional emergency circuit.

Almost all piping in this case consists of connecting the supply pipeline and return pipeline to the boiler.

When such piping of a gas heating boiler is implemented, the scheme will be working as soon as you hang the boiler on the wall and connect the heating system pipes to it. Of course, if you have a main gas supply or a gas holder installed.

If you have it installed, then bringing cold water to its second circuit tap water, you will receive hot water for domestic hot water at the outlet.

Piping diagram with a floor-mounted single-circuit gas boiler

What will be the wiring diagram for single-circuit? In fact, it will be identical to the one we discussed above. Only the boiler body will be “gutted” - all components will be outside and stand alone.

It turns out that the floor-standing housing will contain only two components from the list above:

Gas-burner.
Heat exchanger.

All other devices will be located in the boiler room itself - this is a safety group, an expansion tank and a circulation pump.

And in the case of domestic hot water production, the role of the “second circuit” will be played by the BKN - indirect heating boiler.

That is, the system has become more “scattered”, but formally retained all the same parts as in the diagram with a double-circuit gas wall-mounted boiler.

All other attributes of heat-generating equipment - water mixing system and supply gas pipe with sensors and meters - are the same in any scheme. That is, they can, of course, be different and no longer depend on the type of boiler.

Varieties of schemes, features of boiler piping.

One of essential elements boiler piping is membrane expansion tank, which allows you to protect the system from water hammer. It is designed in such a way that two cavities, which are separated by a membrane, control pressure differences: the coolant moves through one, and the second is filled with air. For piping heating boilers, it is best to use polypropylene pipes or metal pipes. Piping a boiler using polypropylene pipes has many advantages, the main ones being ease of installation and low cost. Also, plaque does not form on the walls, and due to simple tools piping installation processes are easy to carry out, as is the connection of pipes using polyvinyl chlorides.

Tying gas boilers with polypropylene performed by soldering, this method will completely eliminate leaks that may appear due to poorly installed fittings. The advantage of working with polypropylene pipeline it will be possible to form any contour. Should also be avoided large quantity connections using polypropylene pipes, you also shouldn’t neglect the possibility of smooth transitions.

For supplying gas to the boiler, the main condition will be rigid connection. For these purposes it is used metal pipe and connection to the unit through an “American” or drive. Gaskets that are used to seal gas boiler connections and gas pipe can only be used from paronite; the use of tow, fum tape and rubber components is prohibited. A properly installed pipeline can last a long time and can withstand pressures exceeding 25 bar and a coolant temperature of 95 degrees.

Boilers of this type do not have the option of regulating the heat supply. Fuel combustion occurs continuously, so in the event of a power outage, the pump, which is responsible for the forced movement of the coolant, will turn off. But the heating will continue and the pressure will increase, eventually this process will damage the entire system.

To prevent such situations, several types of emergency schemes are provided that allow you to dump excess heat:

Emergency supply of cold water;
Connecting the pump to batteries or generator;
Presence of a gravity circuit;
Additional emergency circuit.

It is worth paying attention to the principles of coolant circulation through the heating circuit. This principle is called gravitational, that is, the movement of liquids in the coolant occurs naturally, and the circuit will operate on the principle of forced circulation. In a natural circulation system, movement in a closed system occurs under the influence of the laws of physics; this process is determined by the difference in water density. This type heating eliminates electricity consumption. Natural circulation system, has no special features automatic adjustment. A pattern with natural movement is best suited for a small area.

Advantages of a natural circulation system:

Easy to install;
Independence from power supply;
Low cost;
Reliability of operation.

Forced circulation can ensure the creation of the necessary pressure due to the operation of electric pumps. The forced circulation circuit is very convenient to use, as it is controlled automatically provided there is a stable power supply. When using a forced-type scheme, you will be able to select separate temperature parameters for each room, which will be controlled by system sensors.

This system also has its Disadvantages:

The complexity of the strapping scheme.
Mandatory balancing of parts.
Service maintenance has a high cost.
Component parts are expensive.

If heating boiler installation will be performed on primary-secondary rings, then the presence of a large number of fastening and connection elements is not required, but instead they will require the installation of pumps on heating rings. The system, which will consist of rings, together with the floor-standing boiler, will need to be supplemented with combs - heating manifolds, to evenly distribute the coolant supply to the heating elements.

Single-circuit and double-circuit heating boiler.

It has a fairly simple operating principle. During installation, it is connected to the chimney. For the normal functioning of the system, the presence of normal natural draft is sufficient.

Often install single-circuit boilers, which in their design have an open combustion chamber, which requires the creation certain conditions in room.

During its operation, the boiler uses air from the room. That is why it should be installed in a separate room. It is worth noting that when a single-circuit boiler operates, substances and gases harmful to the human body accumulate, this is the main reason for the need to equip a room with a boiler with a chimney or hood. If all the above conditions are created, the risk of explosion will be eliminated and will also ensure safe use equipment.

differs from its single-circuit analogue in its universal purpose: it maintains the coolant temperature in the heating circuit and heats water for domestic needs. Single-circuit generators can also indirectly heat water. The heat transfer process is carried out during the passage of the coolant through the secondary heat exchanger.

The main difference between a double-circuit boiler and a single-circuit boiler is the direct transfer of thermal energy to water. Main feature is that when hot water is consumed, the coolant is not subject to heating, and parallel operation of two circuits is excluded. Practice shows that the operating mode of the boiler is not important for houses with high-quality thermal insulation, it follows that with thermal inertia, the heating circuit will be the same for any type of heating. An impressive volume of hot water can be obtained by combining a single-circuit design and heating columns.

Double-circuit boiler It should not be designed in combination with a natural circulation system, since after the heating of the coolant stops, the movement of the liquid quickly stops. The secondary heating process takes quite a long time, and the heat in the radiator is distributed unevenly.

The main advantage of the scheme is the ability to work in natural circulation mode. Accelerating collectors in in this case is a pipe through which the coolant moves to the upper filling.

Schematic diagram of heating boiler piping.

It is important to understand that heating efficiency will directly depend on the accuracy of the connection. General wiring diagram for heating boilers various types, including solid fuel and condensation types, is quite simple, and looks like this:

Boiler;
Radiator;
“American” nuts - for connecting the boiler to the heating system;
Ball valves - to disconnect the boiler from the system;
Filters for cleaning - will protect against non-standard water fractions;
Thermal heads, tees, Mayevsky taps Angles and tees;
Valves: straight through, separating, air and safety;
Expansion tanks;
Heat meter;
Pressure gauge, thermometer, hydraulic separator, circulation pump;
Clamps and other fastening parts.

Everyone knows that when heated, the density of water changes and it expands. In this case, pressure begins to increase, which can lead to an explosion. If there is an expansion tank, excess coolant goes into it.

The size of the tank also matters, keep in mind that expansion tanks differ in purpose and color (a red tank is used for the heating system). When connecting the heating system, it is necessary to create the required pressure in the tank - the factory parameters usually do not correspond to the norm.

Safety valves, air vent and circulation pump.

Not used when open system heating. The main purpose of the valve is to protect the boiler from damage in the event of a sudden pressure surge in the system. As a rule, the valve is forgotten or a model or safety group with other characteristics is installed. As the valve responds, some water will naturally be released from the system, providing pressure relief and protection.

It must be installed immediately after installing the boiler, this is necessary to avoid “airing the system”. The air vent must stand strictly vertically upward. If the air vent begins to leak, a shut-off valve is installed in front of it for ease of replacement with a new one.

It will work properly only when the axis is in a horizontal position, and this position will significantly extend the “life” of the bearings. The pump mechanism should be protected from external dirt and debris.

Errors when piping heating boilers.

Attention: An incorrectly calculated boiler power will not be able to provide the required level of heating. The power must exceed the heat transfer parameters according to the formula 1 kW x 10 m 2, since in cold weather heat quickly disappears through windows and doors. A large boiler will be able to heat the system faster and, naturally, will consume more resources, but will turn on less often. Don't forget about the influx fresh air into the room in which the boiler operates, this is necessary for the combustion process and especially applies to a small area.

Conclusion: Competent installation and accurate calculations of the heating boiler power will help create maximum comfort for living in a country house at any time of the year.