Facade finishing using wet facade technology. DIY wet facades

Advantages. Materials used

One of the most affordable and optimal methods for finishing facades in terms of thermal insulation is the so-called wet facade. This method gives a lot of scope for decorating the house, since the materials for finishing coating have a rich color palette, new painting compositions are appearing that make it possible to create an interesting texture: mosaic, with imitation of stone or brickwork, or a “bark beetle” structure. Wet facade is a technology that is constantly being improved. It has become possible to purchase heat-insulating boards made of extruded polystyrene, on which a finishing layer has been applied in advance. This article explains what a wet façade is and when this technology is used.

The “wet facade” technology is also indispensable for improving the appearance and insulation of old buildings. Many facades of old holiday villages near Moscow are finished using this technology. Installation of the wet façade system does not create excessive load on bearing structures buildings, this technology allows you to save money needed to strengthen the foundation.

The wet façade involves the installation of thermal insulation with outside home, therefore effective area housing does not decrease. And the comfort of housing increases - in the cold season the walls are not blown through or frozen, the temperature inside the room is distributed evenly. In hot months, the façade system avoids excessive heating of the building structures; the microclimate inside the house remains comfortable in both hot and rainy weather. An important characteristic of the system is that it improves the sound insulation of the house.

Thus, we can say that the use of such facade technology as a wet facade allows you to create an individual appearance of a house, significantly increase its service life and create comfortable conditions for the owners of the house.

Pie system

The “pie” of a wet facade consists of several layers that have a specific function. To create a thermal insulation layer, facade grade polystyrene foam is used, the material density is 16-17 kg/m3, an alternative is a mineral wool board with a density of 120-170 kg/m3. To determine the thickness of the heat-insulating layer, an accurate thermal calculation must be made.

To level the load-bearing wall and securely fix the heat-insulating boards, a reinforced layer is created. It serves as the basis for the outer layers and consists of an adhesive composition and a reinforcing fiberglass mesh that is resistant to alkalis.

To protect the entire “pie” and create decorative effects, a finishing layer is used; various types of plaster compositions are used to create it - silicate, silicone, mineral. Mineral plaster At the final stage of installation, the “wet” facade is painted with special paints. The use of mass-painted Seloxane plasters is often recommended. There is a version of the origin of the term “wet” facade, related to the fact that the plaster mixture for the finishing layer in production is produced in the form of a powder, which is diluted with water before application.

Before the beginning construction work should be done exact calculation, and also check whether the system elements are compatible in terms of indicators such as thermal expansion, frost resistance, water resistance, vapor permeability.

Mineral wool insulation has high vapor permeability, and if the finishing plaster does not allow water vapor to pass through well, the lingering moisture will soon destroy the decorative coating.

Sequence of installation operations and possible errors

The first stage of installation work is thorough surface preparation. The wall should be cleaned of dust and dirt, remove reinforcement protruding from the wall, excess mortar in the brickwork, and any other protruding metal elements. May be required renovation work if there are cracks in the wall. The prepared wall is treated with a primer, this ensures reliable adhesion of the insulation to the wall surface. Careless preparation of the wall can lead to best case scenario to the appearance of rust stains, and in the worst case, to the complete collapse of the thermal insulation system.

Then you need to mount the base profile and window drain crutches; the base strips are installed strictly horizontally and serve as the basis for laying the first row of insulation. Proper installation of “kerchiefs” is required at the corners of door and window openings; plugs are required at the ends of the window sill ebbs; violation of the technology at this stage may result in water entering the system and destruction of the façade system at the junction of the window ebbs.

How to glue insulation in a wet facade system

The next step is gluing the insulation boards to the wall. The glue is diluted in strict accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and applied to the insulation board. The glue is applied along the entire perimeter and additionally in at least six places over the area of the slab. It is best to distribute the glue evenly if you use a comb spatula. The resulting grooves play a role expansion joints. The area covered with glue must be at least 40% of the entire area of the insulation board.

The first row of insulation should be installed with a mandatory level check. Subsequent rows are glued using a knitting method, similar to brickwork; you need to ensure that the gaps between the plates are not 2-3mm. If these conditions are not met, cracks and tears will inevitably appear on the façade. When using a comb trowel, the resulting grooves play the role of expansion joints. The area covered with glue must be at least 40% of the entire area of the insulation board.

After gluing the insulation, a short period of time is required for the glue to acquire the necessary strength. This period is indicated by the manufacturer and must be strictly observed. Then the insulation is secured using façade dowels. The closest attention must be paid to the quality of this type of hardware, since they bear the entire wind load.

The type of dowels is selected depending on the wall material and insulation, since there is a very wide range of hardware products on sale, it is necessary to consult a specialist in each specific case. The main types of dowels are driven ones with a spacer element in the form of a polypropylene nail, a nail made of glass-filled polyamide, a nail made of galvanized steel (fire-resistant version); screw ones, in which the role of a spacer element is played by a screw. To make the fastening more reliable, a booster cuff (randole) is used. There are dowels equipped with a thermal head; they are used to completely eliminate heat loss.

When calculating the number of dowels, it is necessary to take into account the weight of the system, the wind load, as well as in which area of the façade the slab to be attached is located. On average, for a small building, which is country house, 5 – 6 dowels per 1 sq.m. are enough. m.

One of the main mistakes at this stage is excessive penetration of the driven dowels into the insulation board. In this case, the seating area of the dowel is deformed, and the adhesion force to the base decreases relative to the calculated level. If the disc-shaped dowel protrudes above the plane of the slab, bumps appear on the facade, spoiling the appearance.

How to secure reinforcing mesh

About a day after installation is completed polystyrene foam boards a reinforcing mesh is fixed on top of them. It is not difficult to apply a plaster layer in which the mesh is embedded, but without experience, you can make mistakes.

First of all, the fiberglass mesh must be cut in advance, so that at the joints the mesh can be laid with an overlap of at least 10 mm. Lack of overlap is fraught with the formation of cracks. In order to cover possible defects that arose during the installation of insulation, you need to apply a “rough” layer of plaster into which the fiberglass mesh is embedded. The mesh threads should not be visible above the surface of the plaster; creases and wrinkles should not be allowed to form when laying the mesh. Then, after installing the mesh, a finishing layer of plaster is applied.

The mesh is made of fiberglass and impregnated with polymer compounds. The main requirement for the grid is high stability to the effects of alkalis, low-quality mesh can simply dissolve. High-quality fiberglass mesh is elastic, resistant to stretching and tearing, and the weaving points are securely fixed. Application high-quality mesh It is especially important in the Russian climate, as it reduces internal stresses, thereby preventing the process of cracking of the facade during sudden temperature changes.

When starting to create a protective and decorative layer of a wet facade, you need to choose decorative plaster, paying attention to its texture and vapor permeability indicators. Selection of decorative plasters and finishing paints in the modern market finishing materials is very large and the working methods for creating any decorative effects are also quite diverse. At this stage, the owner of the house can fully express his imagination and use those materials and textures that will help give the house a unique look.

On our FORUMHOUSE website you will find sections that tell you in more detail how to install it correctly, what rules exist and where it should be located

When insulating your home, a prudent owner always gives preference to finishing the walls with systems with external insulation. Although interior wall work is easier and less expensive, the serious homeowner knows at least three main arguments in favor of an exterior solution.

Why you should choose an external location of insulation:

location "dew points"(condensation zones) when there is a temperature difference between inside and outside the house. If the insulation is located on the inner surface of a load-bearing wall, constant condensation makes it damp. This phenomenon is drastic reduces functionality applied thermal insulation - it loses its thermal protection properties, the house becomes damp, and fungal mold and so on. ;
thermal inertia level(thermal resistance) of walls with external insulation is much higher. Simply put, a house that is insulated from the outside cools down much more slowly as the outside temperature drops;
external thermal insulation is guaranteed to cover all existing “cold bridges” in the house structure, which are the main routes of heat loss.

Existing types of external facade systems are divided into by two large groups , called “dry” and “wet”. The first group of “dry facades” is also called prefabricated or hinged. An example of such systems is facades made of vinyl or metal siding. Thanks to high practical efficiency, efficiency and decorative possibilities, “wet” insulation technologies called “wet facade” are very popular throughout the civilized world.

What is the “wet façade” system?

“Wet” technologies for installing insulated facades are based on the creation of load-bearing walls peculiar multi-layer fortified cake. During the work, special adhesives, mastics and plasters are used, usually mixed with ordinary water.

The wet installation technique involves applying in strict order layers of soil base, adhesive composition, gluing and additional strengthening by special means layer of heat-insulating material, creating a reinforcing layer with a special mesh, along which several layers are made that carry protective and decorative functions. As a result, it forms one system, possessing a number of undeniable advantages:

allows for special decorative and attractive, absence of salt stains on external walls, which initially had a rough surface of any quality;
high efficiency and low weight of the structure thermal fencing does not require a powerful load-bearing foundation, which, as a rule, constitutes a significant part of the total costs of building a house;
external thermal insulation of the load-bearing wall allows, like in a thermos, to preserve and accumulate heat in the house, completely blocking numerous “cold bridges”;
excluded the formation of condensation on the inner surface of the walls and their wetting - the “dew point” is carried outside the wall structure into the insulation material, from where it evaporates through the “breathing” outer layers of plaster;
the structural material of the house is reliably protected from the destructive effects of moisture - freezing is prevented in microcracks concrete structures and corrosion of frame reinforcement;
the “wet” facade gives the external walls additional vibration and sound insulation.

Practical and effective “wet” technologies turn out to be cheaper to sell and are widely used not only during finishing works industrial buildings, but also in private and low-rise construction. However, in order for the listed advantages to please the owners of the house, it is necessary to strictly stick to technology requirements, selection of appropriate quality materials. One of the important features is the time it takes to complete the work. There are certain restrictions on the outside air temperature related to the properties of the materials used.

All plastering, painting and other “wet” finishing phases can be carried out at temperatures not less+5 degrees Celsius. The quality of the work and the service life of the finished facade will depend on how accurately all the conditions are met. Violation temperature regime, the use of materials not intended for constructing a “wet” facade can lead to cracking and even shedding of the outer layer.

The cost of arranging a wet facade

The cost of installing facades using “wet” techniques turns out to be noticeably lower hinged ventilated facades, which require, in addition to the high cost of materials, additional expenses for remuneration of highly qualified installers. And in this case, as a rule, the cost of installation itself is from 30 to 50 percent from the total cost of a ventilated façade. In addition, it is necessary to take into account certain difficulties in finding truly qualified specialists, for example, to install a ventilated facade from natural stone.

If the cost is only facing material(stone) starts from several thousand rubles per square, then the choice of unqualified personnel is fraught with the loss of significant funds. It’s easy to compare the real cost of finishing the external walls of a house using “wet” and various hanging technologies by viewing price offers for all options from construction companies. Data on Internet sites confirms the conclusion about high efficiency and the optimal price-quality ratio of the “wet” facade technology. Its actual price is approximately 76 - 18 percent from the amounts required to make facades made of fiber cement slabs, aluminum composite panels, porcelain stoneware, metal cassettes or natural stone. It is necessary to take into account that a “wet” facade made by hand will cost even cheaper.

Physico-chemical characteristics of insulation for a “wet” facade

Installed on the outer surface of a load-bearing wall using “wet” facade technology, thermal insulation system consists of three main parts:

a layer of thermal insulation, fixed to the ground base using glue and special plastic dowels;
a layer of reinforced base, made on the basis of alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh and mineral glue of a special composition;
a finishing layer, including a primer and special plaster based on a polymer, mineral or siloxane base.

It is difficult to single out a more important part from the three listed. Right choice each determines the effectiveness of the entire system. Outer finishing layer performs a dual role, being the aesthetically defining “face” of the entire finishing layer and, at the same time, reliably protecting the heat insulator from adverse external influences. In addition, the layer must be well permeable to the evaporation of moisture condensed in the thermal insulator material.

Reinforced base necessary for reliable fastening at the level of adhesion of the finishing layer. And here you will need a special alkali-resistant mesh. As a rule, this is a fiberglass-based material with a special coating. It is installed on a special glue, completely recessed into it. If you use a regular mesh, without treatment, after about a year there will be nothing left of its reinforcing frame, and upper layer, the important function of which has already been mentioned, will simply peel off.

Thermal insulation layer requires the use of appropriate materials. Its thickness is calculated by heating engineers, and its type is determined by the place of application and fire safety requirements. The most common and traditional materials are:

fibrous: mineral wool and glass fiber, the fibers of which are obtained by drawing from natural melts: stone mineral raw materials, metallurgical waste and glass melt;
foamed gas-filled plastics with a cellular structure - foam plastics, of which the most common is polystyrene foam;
wood concrete (light concrete) based on wood processing waste, flax, hemp, etc., Portland cement and natural hardener.

An important parameter of all thermal insulating materials(TIM) is theirs density. For fibrous TIM, the density should be at least 150 - 180 kilograms per cubic meter. Mineral wool preferable for finishing facades. They are more durable, non-flammable, and have good sound insulation. Experts recommend using cotton wool on phenolic binders, as more water-resistant. Since, in addition to density, moisture absorption is important for TIM. This parameter must be no more than 15%. Among other advantages stone wool resistance to chemical and biological substances, environmental friendliness, light weight and ease of installation.

Glass wool, due to the longer fiber, have a higher elasticity index. They also have high strength. But the heat resistance of the material is much lower and does not exceed 450 degrees Celsius.

Various types of expanded polystyrene, for example, brands PSB-35, PPSB-S. They are less resistant to elevated temperatures and already at 100 degrees they begin to melt and swell. With prolonged and constant exposure to sunlight, turn yellow and crumble. However, new modifications are appearing with increased resistance to sunlight and temperatures.

A new one is also gaining popularity environmental materialwood concrete. It belongs to the category of lightweight concrete. It contains about 90% natural fillers: flax and hemp, sawdust, husks, etc., Portland cement and a natural hardener. The density of wood concrete for thermal insulation is from 400 to 500 kilogram per cubic meter.

Depending on the type of insulation used, the appropriate adhesive composition. For example, bitumen-based adhesive is often used for polystyrene boards.

“Wet” façade installation technology

One of the options for performing a “wet” facade technique could be the following approximate step-by-step description of the order of the stages of work. The start of all work must be preceded by thorough preparation, including assessment and foundation installation, on which, layer by layer, the entire finishing “pie” will be applied.

Preparatory operations for the installation of a wet facade:

the outer surface of the walls is cleaned of all types of dirt and remnants of old coatings;
for improvement bearing capacity, held rough plastering, leveling and strengthening damage and cracks;
window slopes and doorways cleaned of old plaster;
to obtain the required adhesion, the surface is thoroughly primed beforehand.

A mandatory operation is support bar device. With its lower edge, the entire insulation system rests on a special U-shaped profile, called "support plinth". With its marking and fastening along the perimeter of the house, all work on the direct installation of the “wet” facade begins. The profile performs several important functions:

is the basis for distributing the weight of the entire set of layers;
protects the bottom edge of the set from moisture.

The support base is mounted at a height of 40 centimeters from the zero level (from the ground). For the accounting thermal expansion, between its horizontal slats must be left gap 0.3 centimeters. The profile fastening technology uses self-tapping screws and dowels. Quantity per linear meter depends on the total calculated weight of the façade layer in height. At least 5-10 points are needed per linear meter, i.e. the fastening step is from 10 to 20 centimeters. The corners of the plinth support strip are made of special corner profile.

After this, the work moves into the fastening stage. layer of thermal insulation. Most often, slabs of mineral wool or expanded polystyrene are first glued to the prepared outer surface of load-bearing walls. A method of applying glue that simultaneously ensures fastening strength and economical consumption composition, provides for the application of a wide strip along the perimeter of the slab a couple of centimeters from the edge and spot areas. The criterion for sufficiency is the rule that at least 40% of the insulation area must be covered with glue. The exception is lamella mats, their inner side completely covered with glue.

Rules for installing slabs

Installation of slabs, starting from the bottom row, resting on the base profile, is carried out according to the rules:

seams between slabs in adjacent rows must overlap; continuous vertical seams along the height of several rows are not allowed;
When gluing, the base of the slab is pressed tightly against the base, and the end, with a minimum gap, is pressed against the adjacent slab of the row being glued. We must strive to minimize the thickness of the seams;
Any glue protruding from the seams is immediately removed.

To further strengthen the slab insulation material, three days after the adhesive composition has dried, installation is carried out plastic dowels special design. Their dimensions are determined by the thickness and material of the insulation, and the design includes a disc-type head and a plastic nail that expands the dowel. The correct choice of dowel takes into account that the hole depth for porous TIM is not less than 5 cm, and for solid ones - 9 cm. The consumption rate per square meter depends on the mass (thickness) of the insulation and is usually from 6 to 14 pieces.

The order of fastening with dowels:

symmetrically and evenly, according to the previously completed marking of the panel area, the required number of holes is drilled to the required depth;
nests for dowels are made in the material;
dish-shaped parts are installed flush;
The expanding plastic nails are carefully hammered in.

The reinforcement phase begins no earlier than 1 - 3 days after the final installation of the thermal insulation layer. This stage includes:

processing the corners of window and door openings, joints and horizontal lintels, external corners, for which a special corner profile is used;
The insulation material is covered with an adhesive composition, the layer thickness is from 2 to 3 millimeters;
construction mesh made of fiberglass (a special alkali-resistant coating is required) is embedded in the adhesive layer;
The adhesive composition is applied in a layer of up to 2 millimeters, based on the total thickness of the entire reinforcement up to 6 millimeters.

Finishing is the final phase of the construction of a “wet” facade and begins no earlier than the final drying of the reinforcing layer. This may take from 3 to 7 days. Finishing includes applying plaster onto the reinforcement layer. The following requirements apply to its properties:

high steam permeability;
resistance to impact external moisture and other climatic factors;
mechanical strength.

For this purpose they are used special compounds for outdoor work. Besides, decisive factor Compliance with temperature requirements determines the quality of work: the working range is considered to be from +5 to +30 degrees Celsius. It is necessary to protect the applied layer from direct sunlight.

The wet façade finishing technology makes it possible to minimize the formation of cold bridges, since the facing layer is a uniform, monolithic coating. Cladding the walls of a structure using the wet method allows you to shift the dew point outside the walls of the building, therefore, preventing the accumulation of condensation and increasing the service life of the structure.

Stages of installing a wet facade

Preparatory stage

Preparing the surface for the installation of a wet facade includes cleaning the walls of the building from dirt. If you intend to finish laying a wet facade on top of an existing finish, then the existing finish must be checked for load-bearing capacity and adhesive properties, that is, make sure that it will withstand the weight of the wet facade and ensure its reliable adhesion to the surface.

If the building's exterior cladding has severely damaged areas, they will need to be replaced. Existing unevenness is leveled using a rough plaster layer. If the walls are finished with hygroscopic material, then before installing a wet facade they must be carefully primed.

Removing existing plaster from the slopes of door and window openings will also increase the adhesion of the wet facade to outer surface walls of the building.

Installation of the base profile

To attach the heat-insulating layer, as well as to protect it from moisture, a base profile is installed. In addition, the profile strip allows you to evenly distribute the load on the structure from the heat-insulating boards.

Mount the profile as follows:

The distance from the ground to the base profile should be 40 cm. A 3 mm temperature gap must be left between the base profile and the horizontal frame slats;

The profile is secured using self-tapping screws and dowels, which are placed every 10-20 cm. If the mass of the heat-insulating layer is significant, then the fastening elements should be placed more often;

A special corner profile is mounted on the corners of the building.

Laying insulation

As thermal insulation materials used for constructing a wet facade, or are used.

Siste
Insulation of a wet façade requires compliance with certain rules. The insulation is mounted using special adhesive compounds, which should be applied in an even layer along the entire perimeter of the thermal plates, retreating 2.5-3 cm from the edge.

The adhesive composition is applied pointwise to the empty space of the thermoplates. As a result, about 40% of the material should be covered with glue.

Thermal insulation boards are mounted on walls using a running method, which is reminiscent of brickwork. Thermal insulation boards must be pressed tightly not only to the insulated surface, but also to adjacent slabs. The insulation is laid in rows.

After the thermal insulation layer has dried (after about 3 days), it is necessary to further strengthen the thermal insulation layer. For this, dowels are used, which, depending on the porosity of the wall material, go 5-9 cm deep into the wall.

Before installing the fasteners, the sockets must first be made, and the clamping bushings must be positioned flush with the surface of the heat-insulating layer.

Installation of the reinforcing layer

The reinforcing layer must be installed 1-3 days after installation

thermal insulation layer. First of all, the slopes of windows and doors, the outer corners of the building and the vertical joints of the slopes with lintels should be strengthened. After that

Smooth wall surfaces are strengthened.

Reinforcement is carried out as follows:

An adhesive composition is applied to the heat-insulating layer, onto which a reinforcing fiberglass mesh is mounted.
A uniform layer of glue is applied over the fiberglass mesh, which should completely cover the structure.

The result should be a flat surface. The thickness of the reinforcing layer should not exceed 6 mm, while the fiberglass mesh is positioned in such a way that the distance between it and the outer surface does not exceed 1-2 mm.

Exterior decoration

The reinforcing layer must dry within 3-7 days. After this, the walls of the building are plastered with facade plaster mixtures.

TO exterior decoration buildings have quite high requirements. The plaster layer must be highly moisture resistant, vapor permeable, and resistant to external destructive factors. The façade of a building must withstand not only temperature changes and precipitation, but also withstand mechanical loads.

The quality and properties of plastered surfaces directly depend on the conditions of plastering work. Plaster must be applied at temperatures from 5 to 30 degrees above zero. At the same time, if plastering work carried out dry and sufficiently hot weather, then the surface to be plastered must be additionally moistened with water.

To preserve qualities facade plaster It is necessary to plaster walls in calm and cloudy weather, since wind and ultraviolet radiation negatively affect the adhesion and strength of the plaster layer.

Installation of a wet facade on the base of a building

When installing a wet facade on the basement part of the structure, there are some features that should be taken into account during the installation process.

Before installing a wet facade on the base of the building, it is necessary to ensure high-quality waterproofing both the base itself and the blind area. To insulate the base, you should use a heat insulator that has a minimum degree of moisture absorption. Hygroscopic insulation materials such as mineral. Basalt, lime, dolomite and slag wool are not used to insulate the base.

Thermal insulation slabs are additionally reinforced with dowels only at a height of 30 cm from the ground.

The base must be reinforced in two layers.

For cladding the basement part, façade or ceramic slabs. The base of the structure can be plastered with a façade mosaic plaster mixture.

Video tutorial on installing the “Wet Facade” technology..

I have already written about wet façade technology 3 times, after I experienced the work of insulating a house using the VWS (expanded polystyrene) system by one Astrakhan specialist “from a company” with a Ceresit certificate. I had to delve into it so as not to ruin the sowing season from the word “completely.” To make it easier to find information, below is a list of posts with an analysis of wet facade technology:

what kind of insulation to use for a wet facade, polystyrene foam or mineral wool, what kind of reinforcing mesh to choose, etc., you can read about all this;
what insulation thickness to choose, 50 or 100mm, read;
how to make a smooth finish on a wet facade, read;

Since there is never too much good information, and even more so for work that is sensitive to adherence to technology, which is the wet facade insulation technology. I decided that spreading good information would benefit everyone. Moreover, the author does not mind.

General appearance, wet facade using the VWS Ceresit system / (c) Ceresit

I highlighted some points to draw your attention. Critical information is highlighted in red. Yellow requires attention, blue is of general importance.

Regulations for insulation work and finishing of facades using the Ceresit system

Let us outline the main stages of work:

Installation scaffolding.
Preparing walls for gluing insulation, treating with antifungal agents and primers.
Hanging the facade with laces, determining the actual thickness of the insulation in different areas of the facade. Installation of a temporary starting profile to begin gluing the insulation.
Installation of adjoining elements on blocks of window and door openings.
Gluing the insulation with simultaneous alignment of the facade planes using Ceresit polymer cement or polyurethane adhesive.
Caulking the cracks between sheets of insulation with strips of insulation, foaming the seams between sheets of expanded polystyrene with high-quality polystyrene foam.
Sanding the insulation planes according to the 3-meter rule.
Installation of dowels.
Installation of diagonal and internal gussets, corners, droppers using Ceresit polymer cement glue.
Installation of a base reinforcing layer on the main planes of the facade using Ceresit polymer cement glue and facade fiberglass mesh.
Application of quartz primer Ceresit ST 16.
Application of Ceresit decorative plaster.
Dismantling of scaffolding.

1. Installation of scaffolding

Before starting work, it is necessary to properly install the scaffolding.

Scaffolding should be installed at a distance from the outer wall equal to the thickness of the insulation plus 45 cm.

To anchor scaffolds, it is necessary to effectively use balcony slabs and other designs that make it possible to reduce the number of fastening points passing through the thermal insulation system being installed. In areas where scaffolding must be directly attached to an external wall, the anchor anchors should be installed with a slight downward slope. This will prevent rainwater from entering the insulating layer. For ease of installation of thermal insulation systems, scaffolding should be installed around the corners of the building at a distance of at least 2 m.

2. Preparing walls for gluing insulation, treating with antifungal agents and primers

Preparation building foundation should include the following operations:

mechanical cleaning of the base from residues mortar, pollution (dust, chalk, etc.)
mechanical removal of fungi, lichens, mosses, blue-green algae, mold and subsequent treatment of the affected areas with the antifungal agent Ceresit CT99, work performed in accordance with the work schedule indicated on the Ceresit CT 99 can;

checking the bearing capacity of the foundation;
removal of crumbling and weak areas of the base;
filling defects in the base surface more than 10 mm deep with repair plaster Ceresit CT 24, Ceresit CT 29;

treating the base with a universal primer Ceresit CT 17 (when working with cellular concrete, silicate and red bricks, multi-slot blocks, expanded clay concrete and other bases, priming should be done with a primer diluted with water in three passes 1x6, 1x4, 1x2, application should be done with a sprayer and spray gun);

mechanical application of primer using a machine:

Mechanical application of Ceresit CT 16 primer.

cleaning of rust and treatment with anti-corrosion primer of metal parts covered with a thermal insulation system;

3. Hanging the facade with strings, determining the actual thickness of the insulation in different areas of the facade. Setting a temporary starting profile.

Weighting of the facade is necessary in order to determine the actual deviations of the facade plane from flatness and select the thickness of the insulation to level it.

In the four extreme corners of the façade plane, scraps of 12mm-14mm reinforcement are driven in, two on top and two on the bottom. Laces are tied to the upper fittings on the right and left at a distance equal to the thickness of the insulation plus 5-10mm. At the same distance, the laces are tied to the lower pieces of reinforcement.

Next, the parallelism of the laces installed relative to each other is checked. They can be installed vertically, they can be installed with a deviation from the vertical in one direction or another, but always parallel to each other in order to create a plane. The laces are secured with a sliding drawstring.

A final check of the plane is carried out, an as-built diagram of the actual deviations of the original plane is made. At different points of the facade, the actual distance from the lace to the insulated surface is measured with a tape measure and entered into the diagram.

This scheme is presented to the Customer.

After this, an analysis of the results is carried out; if necessary, in some places the insulation will be cut in thickness during gluing; in others, thicker insulation will be used. The thickness of the insulation in these places should be selected according to the formula:

INSULATION THICKNESS = DISTANCE BETWEEN THE LACES AND THE INSULATED PLANE – 10mm.

After hanging the facade with strings, a temporary starting profile is installed. This is a board or block with a flat top edge 40-50mm thick, so that the first row of heat-insulating boards glued to the facade rests on it. It is usually installed under the first row of “L”-shaped insulation sheets under the bottom row of windows.

A temporary starting profile is installed.

4. Installation of adjoining elements on blocks of window and door openings

During insulation, the insulation should extend onto the window frame by at least 15-20 mm to prevent a cold bridge. The abutment element with the mesh is glued to the window frame on three sides, top, right and left.

5. Gluing the insulation with simultaneous alignment of the facade planes using Ceresit polymer cement or polyurethane adhesive.

The insulation is glued using cement or polyurethane foam glue or foam adhesive.

As practice shows, gluing with Ceresit CT 84 adhesive foam is faster and more convenient. Note Andrey.

Application of cement adhesive Ceresit CT 83 / CT 85

The application of cement adhesive CeresitCT 83, CeresitCT 85 on polystyrene foam is carried out as follows, applying bumps and edging around the perimeter:

After installing the heat-insulating board in the design position, the adhesive contact area must be at least 40% of the bonded surface.

STICKING ON SINGLE BUGS WITHOUT EDGING IS NOT ALLOWED UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES.

See below for why you can’t glue foam plastic to bloopers.

Applying Ceresit CT 83 glue with a 10-12 mm comb:

Application of adhesive foam Ceresit CT 84

Application of polyurethane foam adhesive, adhesive foam Ceresit CT 84 is carried out as follows, also with the formation CLOSED LOOP:

Video of gluing insulation onto Ceresit Ct 84 foam

Applying cement adhesive to a mineral wool board

The surface of the mineral wool slab is pre-primed Ceresit glue CT 180, Ceresit CT 190, the glue is pressed with force into the surface of the mineral wool board:

or using the edging method with Easter cakes (lyapukhi), NOTE as a note after the photos.

Applying glue only with lyapukhi (Easter cakes) is a gross violation of technology. This is how a ventilated façade is made from insulation. IN in this case, air, does not play the role of insulation. Mentioned this You can also watch the video right here:

If they bully you and say “everything will be fine,” chase away such specialists, or better yet, discuss this in advance.

Strive to ensure that the gluing is on the comb, i.e. care should be taken to ensure that the façade is evenly plastered before work on façade insulation begins.

During gluing, the insulation boards are trimmed on the side adjacent to the facade on which the glue will be applied. Trimming polystyrene foam is done using bow saw- People call this instrument “Goat”. Cutting edge from nichrome thread 0.7-1.2 mm, transformer 220/24 Volt, power 250-400 Watt.

Video of cutting a sheet of expanded polystyrene by thickness, filmed during training of the customer’s team of workers:

Video of cutting a foam sheet to thickness using a “goat”.

You can also trim the insulation with specialized knives, bread knives with teeth, a hacksaw with a fine tooth, or sand it with an emery grater.

Gluing polystyrene foam with Ceresit CT 83 / CT 85 glue

Entire sheets of insulation are installed at the corners of window and door openings, since they are stress concentrators, this helps to avoid the appearance of cracks on the facade in the future.

Gluing usually starts from the bottom “G” section.

The minimum step for the G-shki is 200mm.

When gluing, vertical and sliding laces are used, the three-meter rule.

Gluing expanded polystyrene onto CeresitCT 84 foam

Gluing to CeresitCT 84 adhesive foam is done using the rule. At the initial moment, Ceresit CT 84 glue has zero adhesion; in fact, gluing occurs in 7-12 minutes, depending on temperature, humidity and pressure. Two hours after gluing, you can begin installing the base reinforcing layer.

6. Caulking the cracks between sheets of insulation with strips of insulation, foaming the seams between sheets of expanded polystyrene with high-quality polystyrene foam

After gluing is completed, after 72 hours using cement-containing adhesives Ceresit CT 83, Ceresit CT 85, Ceresit CT 180, Ceresit CT 190, you can begin caulking the gaps between the sheets. To do this, you can use wedge strips cut from insulation. It is better to foam the gaps between sheets of expanded polystyrene with high-quality mounting homogeneous foam such as Ceresit TS 52, Ceresit TS 62, Ceresit TS 65, Ceresit TS 66. To do this, the seam is pierced with a mounting gun to the very base, to the wall, the trigger is pulled and at the same time the gun is removed. Punctures of seams and joints between sheets of expanded polystyrene are made in increments of approximately 50mm.

The permissible slot width is up to 12mm (The figure is not exact, subject to verification, if anyone knows, write in the comments!)

Foaming seams and joints between sheets on a construction site

As a result, all seams are thoroughly foamed, Ceresit foam reliably glues the sheets of expanded polystyrene together, creating a monolithic structure.

7. Sanding the insulation planes according to the three-meter rule

Sanding is done using a plywood grater measuring 400 x 600 mm, 500 x 700 mm with sandpaper glued to it with a coarse grain of 100 microns (1 mm). This sanding allows you to smooth out small irregularities that occurred when gluing the insulation due to initial deviations in the geometry of the glued sheets and due to errors during gluing. Graters small size It is strictly forbidden to use it on large surfaces, since small graters create unevenness and depressions when sanding.

Video of sanding planes under the three-meter rule.

Video of the final alignment of the facade.

8. Installation of dowels

Dowels additionally secure the insulation sheets to the facade; they are installed either in accordance with the official recommendations of the system holders, two in the middle of the slab and the rest at the joints of the slab with neighboring slabs.

Or one “star” in the middle and four dowels in the body of the insulation closer to the edges:

Installation of dowels according to the diagram. The “correct” dowel with a metal core. Photo 6.
Installation of dowels according to the diagram. The “correct” dowel with a metal core. Photo 7.

If the insulated wall is made of monolithic reinforced concrete, solid brick, expanded clay concrete, then the expansion zone of the dowel should be 50 mm, the total length of the dowel is approximately the thickness of the insulation + 50 mm.

If the insulated wall is made of foam concrete, aerated concrete, slotted brick, multi-slotted blocks, warm ceramics, then the spacer zone is 100 mm, the total length of the dowel is approximately the thickness of the insulation +100 mm.

The top of the dowel must be carefully coated with CeresitST 85 or ST 190 glue; the coating is done after the final sanding of the surfaces to the three-meter rule.

Video installation of dowels.

9. Installation of diagonal and internal gussets, corners, droppers using Ceresit polymer cement glue

The construction of the base reinforcing layer begins with the installation of diagonal and internal gussets at the corners of window and door openings. We must not forget that before installing the base reinforcing layer, the surface of the mineral wool board must be primed with CeresitCT 190 glue, and forcefully press the glue into the surface of the mineral wool.

Then the base reinforcing layer is made on the decorative elements of the facade, made of polystyrene foam

10. Installation of a base reinforcing layer on the main planes of the facade.

The base reinforcing layer is made using polymer cement adhesive Ceresit CT 85, Ceresit CT 190 and facade fiberglass mesh 165 g/m2, cell size 5 x 5 mm.

After installing the gussets, a base reinforcing layer is installed on the main planes. CeresitCT 85 glue is applied to the surface of expanded polystyrene with a metal float, a facade fiberglass mesh is applied, then it is embedded in the glue, the excess is removed into a bucket. The minimum overlap of roll on roll is 100 mm, rolls are installed vertically.

After drying, re-stretching and puttying is done, this is done in order to level out the unevenness and hide the mesh in a layer of Ceresit ST 85 glue.

The installation of a base reinforcing layer with a mineral wool slab is carried out similarly.

Before work, we re-inspect the mineral wool surface for the presence of “corks” - inclusions of pieces of metal and droplets of binder. All “kings” must be removed. In the presence of kings big size sections of the mineral wool slab are cut out and replaced with new ones.

After this, we proceed to priming the mineral wool slab. cement glue Ceresit CT 190. The surface of the mineral wool board is primed with Ceresit CT 190 glue, apply the glue with a metal float, press it into the structure of the mineral wool, remove the excess by scraping off. Afterwards, we wait for the glue to dry completely and inspect the surface. In some places where the mineral wool slab turned out to be inhomogeneous, we will see the primer layer blistering; it moves away from the base, clinging to inhomogeneous mineral wool fibers. In these areas, we remove the heterogeneity and repeat the operation - again let the primer layer dry completely, and if necessary, repeat again.

WE MUST OBTAIN A HOMOGENEOUS MINERAL WOOL SURFACE COATED WITH A THIN LAYER OF GLUE WITHOUT BUBBLES AND LAMPS WITH DEVIATIONS OF 4-6 MM FOR A RULE OF THREE METERS

Next, a base reinforcing layer is made. CeresitCT 190 glue is applied to the glue-primed surface and a façade fiberglass mesh is embedded into it. The overlap of roll on roll is at least 100 mm. There are corresponding marks on the rolls of Facade fiberglass mesh that make it easy to track this.

The overlap of the fiberglass mesh can be more than 100 mm, but cannot be less!

After drying, the base is re-upholstered with liquid glue to remove minor irregularities and completely hide the texture of the fiberglass mesh.

Application of quartz primer Ceresit ST 16

When the base reinforcing layer has completely dried, at least 72 hours after the last re-upholstery, you can begin applying the quartz primer Ceresit ST 16. The Ceresit ST 16 primer is applied with a paint brush, a wide brush, or a flute. The primer can be white, not a tinted base, or it can be painted to match the color of the future Ceresit decorative plaster.

Application of decorative plaster Ceresit

Ceresit decorative plaster is applied with a metal plaster and rubbed with a plastic float. This applies to decorative plasters with bark beetle textures CeresitCT 64, CeresitCT 63, CeresitCT 175, Ceresit CT 35 and pebble textures Ceresit CT 60, Ceresit CT 174, Ceresit CT 137.

Stone decorative plaster of the textures Ceresit CT 60, Ceresit CT 174, Ceresit CT 137 can be applied to decorative elements by spraying using a spray gun, or manually.

The final appearance of houses insulated using VWS/WM technology (wet facade) Ceresit

As a result, we get beautiful, reliable Ceresit facades that are warm, economical and comfortable to live in at home.

Appearance finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 1.
Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 2.
Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 3.
Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 4.
Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 5.
Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 6.
Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 7.

The article is based on materials from ForumHouse user with the nickname Reliable. Perhaps someone will say that he lobbies the interests of Ceresit and sells their goods. Firstly, following technology and selling quality goods is not a sin; secondly, the technology will be almost 1-in-1 for any wet facade system, be it Kraisel or something else.

Facade cladding is usually combined with its insulation, since up to 40% of the heat leaves the house through the walls. A common technology that allows you to combine thermal insulation with finishing is a wet facade, insulation in combination with plaster.

This technology owes its popularity largely to its low cost, but this is not the only reason, there are others. For example, due to the variety of finishes, a building can be given an individual look. Let's look at the types of wet facades.

Types of wet facade depending on insulation

This façade is a layer-by-layer structure. The materials are arranged in the following order:

heat-insulating layer;
reinforcing layer. Provides strength and high-quality adhesion of the insulation to the cladding;
priming;
plaster. It has two functions: decorative and protective (protects the insulation from ultraviolet rays and precipitation).

Types of wet building facades differ primarily in thermal insulation:

polystyrene foam. EPS – porous organic material;
mineral wool - the material consists of basalt fibers;
combined.

Features of teaching staff:

flammability. It decreases when fire retardant is added during the manufacturing process, but does not disappear completely. Manufacturers offer self-extinguishing brands as insulation materials;
combustion toxicity;
vapor tightness;
non-hygroscopic;
low density, light weight.

Features of mineral wool:

non-flammability, non-combustibility (NG group);
vapor permeability;
hygroscopicity;
environmental friendliness (artificial ingredients are, as a rule, not used in production);
weight is greater than that of PPS.

Types of finishing of wet facades

In addition to thermal insulation, the types of wet facades of houses differ in plaster. All recommended compositions are divided into several groups according to the type of binder:

acrylic, the binding component of which is organic matter - acrylic resin. Water-dispersed composition. Climatic resistance is high, vapor permeability is average;

mineral, binder - cement. Dry mixture, diluted with water. Good vapor permeability, non-flammability, lowest price;

silicate – potassium liquid glass. Sold ready-made. Good vapor permeability, compatibility with many materials. Relatively high price, limited color range. Only silicate primer can be used with this plaster;

silicone – silicone resin. They are sold ready-made and can be placed on any base. The most expensive, most durable. Vapor permeability, non-hygroscopicity, dirt-repellent properties. Only silicone primer is suitable.

Combination of thermal insulation with outer covering not arbitrary: the finished wet facade system consists of materials adapted to each other with high level adhesion. Wherein:

expanded polystyrene is used in combination with organic or silicone compounds;
mineral wool - with mineral or silicate plaster;
combined systems - also usually with a mineral composition.

Types of finishing of wet façade houses depend on the design solution:

"bark beetle" (Reibeputs);

"fur coat" (Rollputz);

“lamb” (Kratzputs);

plaster paint (Streichputs), etc.

The finished coating differs in texture, which depends on the grain size of the filler, application methods, and the tool used.

For your information

Exclusive, unique species wet facades of private houses are obtained thanks to different composition plasters and various finishing techniques.

For example, a popular technique is to apply prints to laid plaster. The template for the print can be any sufficiently hard object.

The solution includes various pigments, crumbs, and mother-of-pearl. Eventually finished surface can imitate anything: marble, any ornamental stone, brick, even cork and wood.

Simpler and cheap way finishing - painting. Another option is wall cladding with ceramic tiles.

“Heavy” and “light” types of wet house facades

Another classification. In it, the types of wet building facades differ in the technology of insulation fastening.

"Hard" way

“Heavy” method (some experts call it “floating”, by analogy with laying floors using the glueless method). At the stage of installing the insulation, glue (or cement mortar) is not used: dowels with hooks are driven into the base, insulation is placed on them, and the mesh is fixed with pressure plates. And only after this they move on to plastering.

With this method, the base and heat-insulating boards function as if separately, which helps compensate for their deformations, incl. significant.

The method is called heavy not because of the hardware used for fastening, but because to cover the mesh you need a thick layer of plaster, 2-4 centimeters.

The advantage of this technology is no high requirements for preparing the foundation, the downside is that it is more expensive. It can only be used with durable materials walls that can withstand heavy loads: brick, expanded clay concrete, cellular concrete etc. Used on moving soils, in seismically hazardous areas, at critical facilities, in poor climatic conditions.

"Light" type of wet facade

Usually when they talk about a wet facade, they mean the “light” type. He is more widely known. The insulation boards are placed on a special glue containing cement and fixed with mushroom-shaped dowels.

For your information

This is an inexpensive and versatile option: such a façade can even be made using OSB or moisture resistant plywood frame house.

Mineral wool with a density of 150 kilograms per cubic meter or PPP of at least 35 is used as insulation. Covering plaster is no thicker than 8 millimeters, the entire facade does not exceed 1 cm in thickness. The mineral wool facade is a little heavier, but has an advantage over PPS - it “breathes”.

The cost of the “light” option is significantly lower than the “heavy” one, but the surface under it must be carefully removed.

Cost of different types of wet facades

The cost of the finished facade depends on:

on the insulation material and its brand;
depending on the type of plaster;
on the technology used;
on the complexity of the relief of the facade walls and the volume of work.

Plus additional work - delivery of materials, preparation of the foundation, erection of scaffolding, etc.

Approximate prices for the main types of turnkey wet facades:

With mineral wool– from 1.7 thousand per square;
with expanded polystyrene - from 1.9 thousand.

Breakdown by type of work (approximately):

soil – from 60 rub./m2;
fastening the heat insulator - from 470 rubles/m2;
reinforcement – from 350 rub./m2;
plaster – from 410 rub./m2.