When planning a renovation, every owner asks the question: how to decorate the ceiling? Previously, this problem was solved simply: the surface could be whitewashed, painted or wallpapered. But today these options are considered only if they want to save as much as possible on repairs. The widest range of modern facing materials makes you think, because people's tastes and preferences have changed dramatically.
Options for finishing ceilings in residential premises
With all the variety of choices of facing materials, there are not so many ways to finish the ceiling - in particular, these are:
- painting;
- whitewash;
- wallpapering;
- pasting with polyurethane (foam) tiles;
- finishing with liquid wallpaper;
- facing with decorative plaster;
- installation of a suspended ceiling;
- installation of stretch ceiling.
Whitewashing the ceiling is one of the quick and inexpensive ways
The first four options are optimal if repairs need to be done quickly and at the lowest financial cost. All these methods (whitewashing, painting, wallpapering or foam tiles) are easy to perform. But here too there are difficulties.
- You need to know how to properly prepare the ceiling surface for application or installation facing material.
- You also need to know the rules for working with this material.
- It is necessary to decide which type of finish is optimal for rooms with normal and high humidity, in heated and unheated rooms.
Yes, for country houses the best choice is painting, whitewashing, wallpapering. The kitchen and bathroom will require moisture-resistant paints, panels and tiles. The maximum possible flavor of comfort and presentability will be provided by more expensive finishing methods: installing suspended or suspended ceilings, applying decorative plaster. All of them are not only the most spectacular options room design, but also the most labor-intensive.
When deciding how to decorate the ceiling, you need to take into account the condition of its surface. If it is uneven and has many flaws, it is better to cover it with hanging or tension structures than to prepare it for painting or wallpapering. In some cases, this will not only give the room modern style, but also save money.
Having decided on the finishing option, you can begin choosing the facing material. In this case, it is necessary to take into account all the features of the room being renovated: purpose, humidity level, degree natural light(solar). Next, proceed in accordance with the step-by-step instructions for installing the selected finishing material.
How to paint a ceiling correctly
Painting the ceiling will certainly highlight all its irregularities. Therefore, the requirements for surface quality are the highest. It should be understood that the cost estimate will need to include the cost of not only paint, but also primer.
In addition, you will need to buy:
- brushes;
- roller;
- paint tray;
- putty;
- spatulas (metal and rubber).
Painting or whitewashing the ceiling will cost less than installing suspended or tension structures. However, you need to prepare for the fact that the finishing process will not be easy. All work performed at height and on upper floors is labor-intensive.
The use of a spray gun (included in the package of vacuum cleaners of older models) will make the task easier. But in this case you will need cover for walls and furniture - polyethylene film, fabric or paper. Another important point when using paint: eye and respiratory protection. In this regard, high-quality ventilation of the room must be ensured.
Prices for the HAMMER PRZ150A spray gun
spray gun HAMMER PRZ150A
You can also use a spray gun to paint the ceiling. In the photo - HAMMER PRZ150A spray gun
Paint selection
The main task during this type of repair is right choice paints. For ceilings, water-emulsion or water-dispersion ones are often used. It is not difficult to understand the peculiarity of these compositions: coatings of the first group (water-based) are washed off with water, the second group is not.
An important characteristic of any paint is the degree of moisture resistance. This parameter is usually indicated on the container label. You definitely need to pay attention to it, otherwise there is a risk of buying some kind of paint for dry rooms to decorate the ceiling in the bathroom. This error will lead to peeling and cracking of the coating, which will require redoing the work performed.
- water-emulsion or water-dispersion;
- based acrylic resins;
- silicate;
- silicone.
Surface preparation technology for painting
Step 1. Remove old finishing coating: paint, wallpaper or tiles. To complete the task you will need a spatula with metal sheet. Close attention is paid to plaster. You need to check how tightly it holds and remove all loose particles.
Step 2. Seal seams and cracks with putty or cement-sand mortar.
Step 3. Using a broom, brush or rag, sweep away the remains of small particles of plaster, paint or wallpaper.
Step 4. Apply the first coat of primer. It is needed to ensure the strongest possible adhesion of the paint to the surface of the upper floor. In addition, the primer composition allows you to even out minor imperfections, which provides a more impressive look after painting.
Step 5. Before applying paint, masking tape is applied around the perimeter of the ceiling along the walls. It will protect the walls from accidental strokes and smudges.
Rules for performing work
The paint application process is simple and straightforward. But there are rules that will help you do the job efficiently and avoid such troubles as unsightly stains and gaps in the plaster.
First of all, you need to understand that the approach to painting surfaces with a roller and a brush is different. When applying paint with a brush, try to hold it at an angle of 35°-40° and make strokes evenly, in one direction. In order to evaluate the quality of the work performed, they move away to a distance of 1.5-2 meters and, tilting their heads 30°-40°, look at the painted surface. If gaps are visible, apply an additional layer of paint.
When using a roller, the layers are applied next to each other so that each next overlaps the previous one by 5-7 cm. When applying the second layer, the direction of the strokes should be perpendicular to the first. This will avoid gaps in the plaster. Coloring hard to reach places performed with a brush.
The basic rules for working with a brush and roller are given below.
- To apply the first layer, use more than liquid composition(water-emulsion and water-dispersion ones are diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10).
- In order to avoid gaps and streaks, the first layer of paint is applied in W-shaped strokes.
- A common mistake when painting a ceiling is to press the brush or roller too hard. You need to understand that the best result can be achieved by applying the first stroke in a fairly thick layer, which is subsequently smeared on the ceiling with the same pressure from the working tool.
Video - How to paint a ceiling with your own hands
Ceiling finishing with decorative plaster
Applying decorative plaster is an effective way to decorate a room. It allows you to transform a room quickly and with minimal material costs. But you will have to work hard: plastering is not an easy process.
The variety of textures of decorative plaster allows you to find exactly the type of ceiling decoration that will highlight the style of the room. When choosing a composition, it is necessary to take into account the type of surface to be treated. If the ceiling is wooden or plasterboard, hygroscopic mixtures cannot be used. In this case, compositions based on polymers or acrylic are optimal.
When choosing decorative plaster, it is important to consider its environmental friendliness. This parameter is especially important if the finishing is done in a room intended for children. In this case, it is recommended to choose mixtures based on cement, lime, minerals, and marble chips.
Types of decorative plaster
The composition of decorative plaster includes a filler, additives, and a binder. Additives are needed to give the product certain properties: antiseptic, water-repellent, bactericidal. Depending on the type of binder, the following types of plaster are distinguished.
Prices for decorative plaster
decorative plaster
- Mineral. Made from cement and lime mixtures, traditionally used for outdoor work. A well-known representative of this group is the decorative plaster “Bark Beetle”.
- Polymer. Mixtures of this type are made on the basis of acrylic resins. Such coatings are highly moisture resistant and can withstand sudden temperature changes. The composition includes additives that provide plasticity.
- Silicate. In these mixtures the binder is liquid glass. Plasters of this type are not flexible, but are ideal for decorating complex surfaces with cavities and height differences. Often used to finish concrete ceilings.
- Silicone. Made on the basis of silicone, the composition includes a fine filler: marble or sandstone chips. These mixtures are durable and have dust-repellent properties.
Acrylic-based decorative plaster is an excellent choice for finishing ceilings in rooms with high level humidity: in the bathroom, swimming pool or kitchen. Thanks to the excellent plasticity of this plaster, very beautiful textures like leather, stone, and velvet are created. When choosing the type of composition, you can focus on the table.
Table No. 1. Characteristics plaster mixtures.
| Properties | Mineral plaster | Polymer (acrylic) plaster | Silicate plaster | Silicone plaster |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Binder | Cement | Acrylic | Liquid glass | Silicone |
| Vapor capacity | High | Low | High | High |
| Degree of moisture absorption | High | Low | Average | Low |
| Additive type | Inorganic | Inorganic and organic | Inorganic | Inorganic |
| Elasticity degree | Low | High | Average | High |
| Abrasion resistance | Low | High | High | High |
Decorative plaster finishing options
Depending on the properties of the compositions and the size of the filler included in them, patterns of varying complexity can be created on the treated surfaces. Manufacturers have made it easier for consumers to choose and have classified plaster mixtures according to the type of application and the final result.
Technology of applying decorative plaster
To obtain structural and textured coating use different instruments. But the difference between these types of surfaces is conditional. The only difference is that the structural mixture provides relief due to the filler included in its composition, while the textured mixture provides relief due to the pattern on the roller.
Venetian plasters are most often used to decorate the ceiling in residential premises. There are several techniques for applying this type of composition. The simplest and most popular is given below.
Step 1. Carefully prepare the surface, leveling out the slightest differences in height on the ceiling and sealing seams and cracks with putty.
Prices for acrylic decorative plaster
acrylic decorative plaster
Step 2. Apply 1-2 layers of primer.
Step 3. Along the walls, in their upper part near the ceiling, tapes of masking tape are attached.
Step 4. If the mixture is not tinted, add pigment. The mixture consumption ranges from 600 g to 1.5 kg per 1 m2. The more complex the design, the greater the material consumption.
Step 5. The plaster is applied with a metal spatula in layers on a previously dried surface.
The essence of applying Venetian plaster is to create a multi-layer structure. The pattern of each layer is determined by multidirectional strokes with a spatula. Beautiful textured surface obtained by applying 2-4 layers of decorative plaster.
Do-it-yourself stretch ceiling installation
The most effective and durable finishing of premises is the installation of a stretch ceiling. Manufacturers offer two types of canvases: fabric and PVC (polyvinyl chloride based). Each of these materials has its own advantages. You can choose matte or glossy materials. Seamless PVC films are easier to stretch, which is why they are more often used for interior decoration.
To fix the canvas, choose one of the following methods:
- harpoon;
- glazing bead;
- clip-on
The first requires a special clamp - a harpoon. This is the name given to a durable PVC strip, one side of which is equipped with protrusions. Thanks to them, the canvas holds firmly in the profile. The films are attached to the harpoon using cold welding.
With the glazing bead method, the edges of the film are pressed against the walls with wooden slats - glazing beads. This method is simple to perform, but gives a less spectacular result than the harpoon method. The clip method of fastening is used when installing fabric panels equipped with special clips around the perimeter. These devices are attached to a profile installed along the walls.
To install a stretch ceiling you will need the following tools:
- plastic or aluminum profiles;
- fasteners for fixing the profile (screws, dowels);
- spatula with a narrow metal blade;
- construction hair dryer (if the ceiling is film);
- drill;
- stepladder (for greater ease of work, two stepladders will be required);
- roulette;
- level.
The most convenient method of installation is the harpoon stretch fabrics, that’s why it will be discussed in today’s article.
Note! It is necessary to know the width and length of the room, because the canvas itself should be wider than the distance between the walls by about 10 - 15 cm.
Table No. 2. Stages of work execution.
| Stages, illustration | Description of actions |
|---|---|
| IN modern apartments The height of the corners may vary significantly. To install a stretch ceiling, it is necessary to draw horizontal lines on the walls 4 cm below the ceiling so that when they intersect they form a single plane. For this purpose, it is recommended to use a level, laser or water level. |
| A profile (baguette) is installed along the marking lines. To do this, drill holes, insert dowels into them, and fasten the profile using self-tapping screws. |
| The canvas is unrolled and each corner is inserted into a baguette. The harpoon is pushed into the profile opening using a metal spatula. The work is carried out in a preheated room, optimal temperature 40°C, so if they install PVC film, when unfolding the canvas, it is attached at the corners to the “crocodiles” and heated construction hairdryer. |
| At opposite walls, they begin to alternately tuck the edges of the canvas into the baguette. |
In carrying out this task it is mandatory:
- find the middle of the free part of the canvas and insert the harpoon into the profile;
- then move to the opposite wall and repeat the action;
- after which they find the middle of the next sagging part of the canvas and put it into the harpoon;
- move to the opposite wall and do similar work.
While stretching the film, the room is continuously heated. This can be done using a heat gun. If it is not possible to use this equipment, the film is heated with a construction hairdryer. With this method of installing a stretch ceiling, it is important not to overheat the canvas and not melt it.
Suspended ceiling installation
Despite the emergence of new ceiling design technologies, plasterboard finishing remains relevant. From this material you can build both simple single-tier and spectacular multi-tier structures.
Prices for suspended ceilings
suspended ceiling
Tools and materials for work
To construct a plasterboard ceiling frame, you will need the following materials:
- metal profile PN 28/27 and PP 60/27;
- self-tapping screws SMM 3.5/51;
- pendants;
- crabs.
The main element of the frame is racks made of PP 60/27 metal profile. Manufacturers offer products of different lengths: 2.8 m, 3 m, 4 m. You can buy individually or in packages (12 or 18 pieces each). The guides are placed along the walls adjacent to the ceiling. In addition to these materials, single-level profile hangers and connectors, which experts call “crabs,” will be needed.
Tools you will need:
- battery-powered screwdriver;
- drill or hammer drill (for drilling holes in walls and ceilings);
- metal scissors (for cutting metal profiles);
- marker, tape measure, string, square, plumb line (for marking);
- construction bubble level at least 80 cm long.
Configurations of plasterboard ceiling frames
Beginners in this business can have no doubt: they can build not only a simple single-level ceiling, but also complex multi-tiered structures. There is only one requirement: to understand the principle of constructing a frame made of metal profiles.
Hanging plasterboard ceilings They are good because they allow you to radically change the space of a room with the help of spectacular, intricate shapes. Spot lighting of figured protrusions and depressions will create a charming atmosphere of comfort and respectability in the room.
In order to mount the figured frame, you will need to bend the PP 60/27 metal profile so that it follows the contour of the figure conceived by the designer. This task is not difficult to complete, but it will require accuracy, attentiveness and leisure.
Drywall prices
drywall
In order to give the metal profile the desired shape, it is necessary to trim its side plates in increments of 4-5 cm. After which the bar is gradually bent in the desired direction.
A multi-tier (multi-level) frame for a suspended ceiling is erected in accordance with a previously drawn up diagram. All dimensions and distances must be indicated on it. When drawing up a diagram, you must be guided by the following rules.
- The optimal distance between the mounting points of the guides is 40-45 cm.
- The optimal distance between hangers for a single-level ceiling is 40 cm, for a two-level ceiling - in accordance with the drawing, but not more than 40 cm.
- If you plan to make spot lighting, when determining the location of the first line of the frame, take into account the dimensions of the lamps (for small ones, a distance of 5-8 cm from the ceiling is enough, for large ones you will need to retreat 12-15 cm).
- The optimal distance between PP posts is 60/27 – 60 cm.
Marking walls and ceilings
The first stage of installing a plasterboard ceiling is marking. The correctness of further work depends on how accurate it is. Therefore, you need to perform this task thoughtfully and slowly.
You will need the following tools:
- plumb line;
- bubble level 1.2-1.5 m long;
- water level;
- laser level;
- level.
The easiest way to mark is using a level or laser level.
Marking walls for installation of profile PN 28/27
Step 1. Work begins from one of the corners of the room (previously it was the lowest corner of the room, but today this is no longer relevant).
Step 2. In this corner, at a distance of 3-5 cm from the walls, a thread with a plumb line is pressed to the ceiling. Mark the vertical direction on the adjacent walls.
Step 3. According to the vertical line from the flow, measure down the distance at which the first tier of the frame will be located.
Step 4. At this point, screw in a self-tapping screw, to which a long thread is tied.
Step 5. Along the wall they move to its second corner and do similar work there.
Step 6. The thread is pulled between the two corners so that it is horizontal. A square will help with this, which is installed at a right angle to the intersection of the vertical markings and the stretched thread.
Step 7 Draw a line on the wall with a marker or pencil.
Step 8 Markings are applied in the same way on all other walls. The result should be a perimeter along which the PN 28/27 guides will be installed.
Installation of a single-level ceiling frame
The height and direction of the supporting frame posts are adjusted using hangers. Their installation is the first thing to do before proceeding with the installation of the supporting profile. Suspensions are mounted on the ceiling in accordance with the frame diagram. The first profile posts are installed in the direction of the long wall premises. The distance between the carriers is 55-60 cm.
The order of further work.
Step 1. The first supporting profile is installed: its end is inserted into the guide, covered with the “legs” of the suspensions located in its path, and fixed with self-tapping screws. Make sure that the direction is strictly horizontal. The threads and level stretched during marking will help with this.
Step 2. Install load-bearing profiles over the entire ceiling area.
Step 3. The work is completed by laying plasterboard sheets: sheathing. The sheets are attached to the profile with self-tapping screws. When performing this work, it is important to install the sheathing panels so that the gaps between them are minimal. Solid sheets must be fastened perpendicular to long guide profiles. The joining of sheets should be done in the middle of the profile. For high-quality fastening It is better to do the work together.
The sheets are fastened with self-tapping screws, and the latter are recessed into the sheathing material by 2-3 mm. The pitch between the screws should be 25-30 cm (3-4 cm from each corner of the sheets). Chips should not form on the edges of the sheets when screwing in the screws. If damage does occur, the self-tapping screw must be removed and a new one screwed in 3-4 cm.
Step 4. When the ceiling is sheathed, fill the gaps with putty. After it dries, all irregularities are smoothed out with a special grater in which a sanding mesh is installed. After which the ceiling is ready for painting, tiling or wallpaper.
So that there are no cracks! Neither gypsum board sheets nor load-bearing profiles are fixed to the guide profile 28/27 (on the wall), i.e. the walls and ceiling should not be tightly connected. For a suspended ceiling, gypsum boards with a thickness of 12.5 mm are used. When cutting sheets, a chamfer of 22.5 degrees is made on the edge. The sheets are fixed in a running start!
Video - Step-by-step instructions for installing a plasterboard ceiling
All ceiling finishing options can be divided into 3 groups:
Budget. These include: whitewashing, painting, wallpaper and ceiling tiles. Due to the availability of materials and the ease of performing work, there is no need to attract specialists, and, accordingly, the cost of labor is reduced. financial expenses for repairs.
Practical and durable. With more tangible cost and complexity installation work, they are distinguished by high aesthetics, ease of maintenance and long service life. This category includes: decorative plaster, tension and dropped ceilings, wood and cork.
Elite. These include: mirrored or coffered ceilings, Venetian plaster, sgraffito.
So.
Ceiling finishing options
Let's consider all the current ceiling design options, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.
Painting / Whitewashing
The traditional and, perhaps, one of the most common in the recent past, method of finishing the ceiling is whitewashing, in Lately is increasingly giving way to coloring.
Both options are ideal for rooms with low ceilings. Usage light shades allows you to visually increase the height of the walls and refresh the entire room.
The process of painting (whitewashing) a ceiling is quite simple, however, it requires a perfectly flat, carefully prepared surface.
There are two main components for preparing the whitewash mixture. This is lime and chalk. Regardless of the choice, they are combined with water to the desired consistency.
The main disadvantage of whitewashing the ceiling is that it crumbles, creating the need for regular wet cleaning premises and annual renewal of the coating itself, which is also very unstable to any influences.
Ceiling paints differ primarily in composition. Depending on the purpose of the room, they can be:
- water-based;
- acrylic;
- silicone;
- latex;
- silicate.
In turn, depending on what you want decorative effect, coloring mixtures are divided into matte, glossy and semi-gloss. The colors and shades you choose directly depend on the interior as a whole.
The process of applying whitewash or paint to the ceiling does not involve fundamental differences. The main working tool can be a brush, roller or spray gun. Paint, like whitewash, is best applied in several layers, each time waiting for the previous one to dry completely.
The only disadvantages of painting ceilings are the need to carefully remove previous coatings and the need for periodic updating.
To the advantages:
- Possibility of application to any surface;
- wide selection of colors and shades;
- affordability.
Fans of non-standard solutions when painting the ceiling can afford artistic painting. To do this, depending on the complexity of the drawing, you will need to invite a professional or simply use a suitable stencil.
In addition to the usual plaster used to level surfaces, there is its decorative analogue, which is a textured finishing coating. This product allows you to give the surface a beautiful relief that hides minor defects and allows you to bring to life the original design ideas.
Combination in various ways application also allows you to achieve interesting results.
Finishing the ceiling with decorative plaster has a number of advantages:
- masking surface defects;
- Can be applied to any building materials (concrete, brick, wood, drywall);
- color variety;
- resistance to mechanical stress;
- significant service life;
- environmental Safety.
The disadvantage is the complexity of application and, accordingly, the need to attract specialists.
Depending on the desired result, there are two types of decorative plaster for the ceiling:
Textured. It is a completely ready-to-use mixture. The desired appearance and surface relief is achieved thanks to the presence of appropriate components (marble, granite or quartz chips). There are several subtypes of this plaster, differing in the size of the decorative filler granules.
Structural. It is a white plastic mass. It differs in that to create a relief pattern during the application process it is necessary to use special tools. The desired shade is achieved by adding a tinting solution or subsequent painting.
Sgraffito
When considering ways to decorate a ceiling with decorative plaster, one cannot ignore such an option as sgraffito. This is a special technology of multi-layer application and subsequent fragmentary removal of particles upper layers in accordance with the artistic design.
As a result, a real work of art appears on the ceiling.
The peculiarity of this technique is that to create a multi-layer pattern, the working surface is alternately covered with plaster mixtures of different colors. After final drying, a pattern is applied to the outer layer. Then, using special tools, part of the coating is removed until the desired color appears. Next, work is carried out with the next layer, etc.
After completing the artistic process, the surface is covered with special wax.
As a rule, sgraffito is not used as the main decoration for large areas single-level ceilings. This option is more suitable for multi-level structures or is used fragmentarily, to highlight individual areas (near the chandelier, in corner areas, around the perimeter). This technique works great when decorating one wall while capturing part of the ceiling.
The main disadvantage of this method of decoration is high price and the labor-intensive application process, requiring the highest level of skill.
The ceilings, reminiscent of polished marble, exquisitely shine with the rays of light penetrating them - this is the result of the master’s painstaking work with Venetian plaster. IN modern design it is a mixture of dyes with lime, silicone, acrylic or epoxy resin.
The advantages of such a coating are obvious:
- aesthetics;
- durability;
- resistance to fungal infections;
- hypoallergenic.
Flaws:
- difficulty of application;
- high cost of work and raw materials.
When choosing Venetian plaster, it is important to consider that it is only suitable for.
The widest selection of wallpapers with a variety of textures and materials makes them very popular when decorating many surfaces, including ceilings. On sale you can find options for every taste and income, suitable for.
This versatility is explained by the many types of wallpaper:
- paper;
- vinyl;
- non-woven;
- glass wallpaper;
- liquid wallpaper.
Titles in in this case are determined by the main components, which also provide the characteristics of the coating.
- variety of textures and colors;
- affordability;
- Possibility of gluing/application by hand.
Some types of wallpaper are suitable for subsequent painting.
The disadvantages of such coatings boil down to fragility, instability to moisture and ultraviolet radiation.
Liquid wallpaper differs not only in its structure, which is a dry mixture of paper and decorative components, but also in the method of application.
To start using this wallpaper, mix it with water according to the instructions. Then the resulting mixture is applied to the ceiling, carefully spreading it using a spatula and trowel. The work is simple and can be done without the involvement of specialists.
The final result in appearance is more reminiscent of decorative plaster, only soft and delicate.
An additional advantage of this coating is the ease of restoration of damaged areas. It is enough to moisten the damaged fragment with water, remove it and reapply it.
One of the simplest and fastest ways to finish a ceiling is rightfully considered to be gluing with polystyrene foam tiles. They can be the most different sizes, perfectly smooth or with a relief pattern, snow-white or colored.
In addition to the variety of shapes and shades, ceiling tiles have the following positive characteristics:
- water resistance;
- affordability;
- ease of installation and dismantling.
The disadvantages include:
- low strength;
- fire hazard;
- expanded polystyrene quickly degrades when exposed to direct sunlight.
Dropped ceilings
A special type of finishing that does not require preliminary preparation surface, which perfectly hides all defects, and at the same time communications, is called a suspended ceiling.
There are many options for suspended ceilings. These can be designs from:
- drywall;
- slats;
- cassettes;
- gratings;
- laminate;
- PVC films.
All suspended ceiling coverings have a number of common advantages:
- practicality and aesthetics;
- the ability to hide wires and communications;
- durability.
They are not without their disadvantages:
- complexity and significant cost of installation;
- reducing the height of the room.
Drywall
With the advent of drywall, designers have unique opportunity bring to life the most daring and extraordinary projects. This material allows you to create straight lines and smooth curves on the ceiling, geometric shapes and unusual figured details. With its help, both simple, smooth surfaces and exquisite multi-level structures are created.
Drywall, as a construction and finishing material, consists of two cardboard sheets connected by gypsum filler. To create suspended structures, sheets of the desired shape and size are mounted on metal profiles, fixed to the surface. Absolutely any finishing method can be used to decorate the resulting coating.
The disadvantages of drywall are: instability to moisture and significant weight of the structure.
Rack (panel) ceiling
A more budget-friendly, but no less popular option for suspended ceilings are slatted structures. They consist of a fixing frame system and cladding panels made of plastic, aluminum or steel.
There are two types of slatted ceilings:
RP open type
– in it the main panels are located with a small gap, into which, to increase aesthetics, decorative inserts are placed. The colors of the parts can be either the same or contrasting, depending on the preferences of the owner.
RP closed type
– consists of alternating slats, tightly fitted to each other.
Regardless of the material, the surface of slatted ceilings can be solid or perforated.
The general advantages of such coatings are:
- moisture resistance;
- practicality;
- durability;
- the ability to create curved surfaces;
- ease of installation.
Flaws:
- susceptibility to deformation;
- difficulty of dismantling.
In the case of choosing steel elements, significant weight and susceptibility to corrosion are added to the list; at the same time, absolute fire safety is added to the positive characteristics.
Cassette system
Cassette ceilings have long been the prerogative of offices and commercial premises, however, recently they can increasingly be found in home interiors.
Square plates (cassettes) made from a variety of materials are used as a decorative component of such ceilings:
- metal (steel, aluminum);
- glass (acrylic, silicate);
- gypsum;
- mineral fiber;
- tree.
Their surface can be matte, glossy, mirror, or metallized.
In terms of design, cassettes can be either solid or perforated.
Lighting fixtures are often installed behind glass panels, filling the room with soft, diffused light.
For opaque surfaces, small built-in lighting options or lamps of appropriate sizes are provided, installed instead of cassettes.
According to the installation method, cassette ceilings are divided into two categories: open and closed. In the first case, the holding frames remain visible, in the second they are hidden behind the finish.
Advantages:
- versatility;
- possibility of fragmentary replacement of damaged elements;
- access to communications;
- ease of arrangement of additional ventilation;
- environmental friendliness.
Most types of cassette ceilings are also characterized by high moisture resistance.
Disadvantage cassette structures is the impossibility of obtaining a uniform coating; the grid of squares will be visible in any design.
Lattice ceilings (Griglyato)
An original Italian invention, ceilings resembling a cellular lattice are also rapidly moving from offices and shopping centers to residential interiors. Such designs are a profile lattice decorated with cells rectangular shape.
The materials used for manufacturing are usually aluminum or steel. Due to their lightness, environmental friendliness and non-standard nature, such coatings allow the implementation of exclusive design projects.
There are several models of lattice ceilings:
Standard. It has identical square cells of a U-shaped profile;
Multi-level. Complete with profiles different heights, allowing to achieve the effect of changing levels;
Pyramidal. It differs in the shape of the cells having a Y-shaped profile;
Blinds. In appearance they resemble the design of the same name;
Non-standard. At the same time it includes cells of different sizes.
Advantages of Grilyato ceilings:
- light weight;
- environmental friendliness;
- Fire safety;
- visual effects;
- ease of dismantling;
- durability;
- many lighting options.
The disadvantage is the need to prepare a base that can be viewed through the grating.
Laminate finishing
Many people associate laminate with flooring, however, this finishing material can increasingly be seen on the ceiling. Imitating natural wood covering, it gives the room a special coziness, while simultaneously performing the functions of heat and sound insulation.
The advantages of this finishing option include all the relevant characteristics of suspended ceilings, plus:
- variety of layouts and colors;
- strength, resistance to mechanical stress;
- environmental friendliness;
- aesthetics.
The disadvantage is the destructive effects of moisture.
Stretch (PVC) ceilings
This method of finishing allows you to transform the room beyond recognition, forming a spectacular seamless coating.
Advantages of suspended ceilings:
- variety of colors and configurations;
- moisture resistance;
- practicality.
Disadvantages include:
- instability to mechanical stress;
- significant cost of coating and installation.
Mirror ceilings
A mirrored ceiling is always interesting and unusual. Visually expanding the room, allowing you to play with light, it becomes a real highlight of the interior.
There are several options for creating mirrored ceilings:
Tiled. Consists of glass mirror fragments of a certain shape. Has the best reflective effect.
Rack and pinion. Represents panel construction made of plastic elements with appropriate coating or aluminum slats with a reflective layer;
Tensioner. Using PVC film with a glossy surface, a mirror coating effect is created.
Polystyrene. It is made in the form of large reflective plates, which involve gluing onto a carefully leveled surface.
Positive characteristics:
- versatility;
- visual increase in space;
- lighting effects;
- functionality;
- possibility of combining materials;
- moisture resistance.
Flaws:
- difficulty of sanitization;
- significant weight of glass panels.
Coffered ceilings
An aristocratic classic that has stood the test of time and has not lost its popularity is coffered ceilings. They give the room a special atmosphere of majestic luxury.
Coffered ceilings are decorated beam structure with recesses of a certain shape (caissons).
The material for creating such ceilings has traditionally been natural wood. However, due to the high labor intensity and significant cost of production and installation of all necessary elements, many prefer to use alternative options:
- polyurethane;
- drywall.
Advantages of coffered ceilings:
- aesthetics, premium look;
- durability;
- improving the acoustic characteristics of the room.
The disadvantages include:
- significant reduction in room height;
- relatively high cost;
- complexity of installation.
A very unusual and effective way to decorate the ceiling is to decorate it with textiles. In the simplest interpretation, this is pasting the surface with any fabric material. The application process is practically no different from working with wallpaper.
The next option is a suspended ceiling made of textile material. Compared to film, this coating is environmentally friendly, it does not interfere with air circulation and easily tolerates temperature fluctuations. Disadvantages include the complexity of cleaning measures, higher cost and the inability to use in rooms with high humidity levels.
And finally, for luxury-elite and themed interiors a drapery effect is applied, turning any space into a real art object.
There are several ways to capture such masterpieces:
Reiki. They are located around the perimeter and inside the selected area;
Frame system. Used for organizing complex compositions: cascades, puffs, tents;
Cornices. Attached along the edges of the drapery.
The textile design of the ceiling is directly dependent on the walls. They should harmoniously complement each other without causing dissonance of perception.
Wooden ceilings
Wooden ceilings are in steady demand today. Their uniqueness lies in the fact that, in any design, they give the interior a special flavor and home comfort, successfully fitting into many design projects.
Advantages of wooden ceilings:
- aesthetics and decorativeness;
- environmental friendliness;
- versatility;
- soundproofing;
- thermal insulation.
Flaws:
- fire hazard;
- exposure to moisture;
- soundproofing;
- moisture resistance;
- Fire safety;
- durability;
- practicality;
- decorativeness.
There are practically no disadvantages to such a ceiling, if you do not take into account the rather high cost.
Bamboo ceiling
Fans of eco-design will certainly appreciate bamboo ceilings. They are decorated using three types of finishing materials:
bamboo slabs– made in the form of squares, with a side size of 60 cm;
bamboo panels– can have parameters: 120x240 cm and 100x190 cm.
bamboo fabric- This roll version, which is a special type of wallpaper that differs in length and width.
Bamboo stems are used as decorative finishing for such ceilings.
Advantages of bamboo finishing:
- naturalness and environmental friendliness;
- exclusivity;
- practicality;
- significant service life.
Considering that in the manufacture of these materials it is widely used handmade, their cost is quite high, which is their main disadvantage.
Before you begin repairing the ceiling, you should decide on its design, select materials and calculate their cost. The construction market offers a wide selection of finishing materials. These can be water-based paints, paper or liquid wallpaper, drywall or suspended ceilings. To make it easier to make a choice, we will consider the options for finishing the ceiling separately.
Most affordable way to update the ceiling is to level it using putty and plaster mixtures, and then cover it with a layer of whitewash, water-based paint or cover it with wallpaper. The price of wallpaper starts from 180-200 rubles. per roll, it is enough to cover 6-7 sq.m. surface, depending on the roll width and footage.
In order to plaster and whitewash the surface of the ceiling, you will need special dry mixtures that are diluted with plain water. Ready solution Apply it to the ceiling with a trowel and rub it in a circular motion until the surface of the ceiling is leveled. Then the ceiling is sanded and painted. For a ceiling surface of 20 square meters, you will need 1 bag of the mixture. Its price starts from 300-350 rubles.
The advantages of this finishing method are its inexpensive cost. The disadvantages are that this process is not only labor-intensive, but also dirty, because... The whitewash gets on the floor and spreads throughout the apartment. It is necessary to remove furniture and close walls and windows if they are not planned to be repaired or changed.
After leveling the ceiling, its surface can be finished not with ordinary, but with silk plaster, the so-called liquid wallpaper. This ceiling finishing option is a little more expensive than the previous ones, but overall relatively cheap. If you do the plastering yourself, without involving specialists, repairing a 20 sq.m ceiling will cost about 3,000 rubles.
The surface on which liquid wallpaper will be applied must be dry, primed and dust-free so that the mixture adheres well to it. The liquid wallpaper solution is applied with a trowel (it comes with the wallpaper) or using a special construction gun. The mass is simply pulled out with a trowel over the surface of the ceiling. Rub it like ordinary plaster, no need.
Using liquid wallpaper, you can create interesting color combinations and original effects on the ceiling, and add an unusual texture.
Suspended ceiling
By using frame structure a practical and functional suspended ceiling is created. It can be faced with mirror slabs, wooden or plastic panels, clapboard or plasterboard.
A rigid wooden or metal frame is attached to the ceiling, then sheathed with the selected material. Additional benefit this method finishing is that if necessary (breakdown or repair), you can replace a separate module section, you will not need to remove the entire structure.
The construction of a suspended ceiling hides 7-10 cm of the height of the room. But this inter-ceiling space is used to its advantage: for communication and lighting. The advantages of a suspended ceiling include quick installation of the structure, aesthetic appearance, the ability to install built-in or surface-mounted lamps that give the room a specific and original look.
Suspended ceilings can be sheathed with any material according to your preference. For example, wood is a natural and beautiful material, but it is afraid of dampness. Not suitable for wet rooms. Plastic is not afraid of moisture, it is easy to attach and clean. Such ceilings are ideal for the kitchen. Good sound insulation The room and the whiteness of the ceiling will be given by finishing materials made of mineral fiber.
Mirror ceilings have an unusual appearance, they are durable and do not require complex installation. The material used is polished glass. Finishes made from MDF panels will last a long time, but plasterboard has gained the most popularity. This material is inexpensive and can be used to easily make structures of complex shapes - round or oval. To many advantages, you can add one disadvantage - this material will not withstand large water flows, for example, if the neighbors from above are flooded. There are also moisture resistant drywall, but it is more fragile than regular one, and it will be difficult to cut structures of non-standard shapes from it.
Stretch ceiling
Surface finishing with stretch ceilings profi-potolkov.ru outperforms all other ceiling finishing options in terms of technical and quality characteristics. Stretch ceilings are moisture- and fire-resistant, have a modern look and a rich range of colors. They are easy to match to any interior design. They come with matte, glossy, mirror finish. Stretch ceilings can be made multi-level, in the form of a tent, tier, wave, arch. Unusual view the canvas will be given a photo print applied to it or art painting– a flower will bloom above your head or the starry sky will spread out.
Installation of a stretch ceiling is carried out within several hours. Along the perimeter of the room, a canvas is attached to the baguette. To make it elastic, it is first heated with a heat gun. The height of the baguette on which the canvas is stretched is only 3 cm, which takes up much less free space than when installing a suspended structure. In the inter-ceiling space under suspended ceilings you can hide the communication system of the room, and there will still be room for built-in lamps. The ceiling is not afraid of moisture and can withstand 100 liters of water per 1 sq.m. If the canvas has been deformed and stretched under the weight of water, after some time it returns to its original shape and appearance, leaving no traces.
Manufacturers of suspended ceilings are both foreign - French, German, Belgian, and Russian companies. Russian suspended ceilings are somewhat inferior in quality and richness of colors to foreign canvases, but they are half the price. Price 1 sq. m of French canvas is 25-30 dollars without the cost of installation and additional materials - baguettes, lamps, without taking into account the complexity of the design.
Any repair, even simple cosmetic, requires correct design ceiling. For various rooms Materials for finishing the ceiling are very important.
Even when making simple repairs using available materials, not every user knows how to decorate the ceiling in an apartment in a particular room and the finishing technology.
In order to choose a material for finishing the ceilings of an apartment, you need to decide on the design direction and determine the budget for finishing the ceiling. After all, the design of the ceiling is not limited only to the classics; if desired, you can even create very individual options, it all depends on preferences.
Let's look at the most common finishing materials:
- Whitewashing, the most inexpensive and short-lived way, is an option to quickly refresh a room.
- Painting the ceiling with water-based emulsion, classic version, requires preparatory work. The ceiling surface must be completely leveled.
Therefore for ceiling coverings with significant unevenness, this method will take a lot of time. - Finishing the ceiling with wallpaper also requires preparatory work. It will be difficult to quickly glue it with your own hands alone; you will need helpers.
The finishing price is low, but operational period not long lasting, although with an interesting combination of several types of wallpaper you can create interiors from classic to avant-garde. - Lightweight finishing boards will help quickly solve the problem cosmetic repairs, will last quite a long time, but are not distinguished by external originality.
- Liquid wallpaper is one of the inexpensive modern methods of finishing ceilings and walls. Using liquid wallpaper you can create interesting design thanks to a rich range of colors and combined application technology.
- If you choose the most modern materials for finishing ceilings, it is best to give preference to suspended structures: plasterboard, slatted and cassette ceilings, PVC panels. There are no restrictions here design, and by combining several types at the same time, you can create exclusive interiors.
- Stretch ceilings are also very popular due to a number of positive characteristics.
It should be remembered that not every ceiling is suitable for painting, as even minor irregularities will appear. In this case, suspended or tension structures will be needed.
The best way to finish the ceiling, the exclusion method
Whitewashing, as a finishing option, is losing its popularity every year, unless we are talking about a modest small dacha In the countryside.
IN modern renovations This option is practically not used, especially since there are serious restrictions for such premises as:
- Boiler room.
- Kitchen.
- Bathroom.
Painting the ceiling almost never goes out of fashion, it's universal method finishing, but provided that the ceiling is fairly flat.
The ceiling painting technology consists of several stages:
- Putty.
- Grinding.
- Primer diluted with water emulsion.
- Painting the surface in several layers.
Advice. If you have a flat ceiling surface and you are wondering how you can decorate the ceiling in your bedroom inexpensively, then painting is the simplest and most reliable method. In addition, modern paints are environmentally friendly and quick-drying, safe for health, which is important for a room such as a bedroom.
Compared to other materials, paint has a number of undeniable advantages:
- Modern special paint is not afraid of water, so after painting you can safely wash the ceiling, without even choosing special products.
- If desired, you can change the interior of the room at any time, thanks to the wide range of colors.
In addition, this option is considered an inexpensive finishing material, but it will take time and effort to finish. See the photo for an example of a painted ceiling in a modern interior.
Wallpaper and tiles on the ceiling
Today, wallpapering the ceiling remains in demand. From inexpensive option, this is the simplest method of designing a ceiling plane and provides the opportunity for various design developments.
Ceilings that use several types of wallpaper look especially interesting, with interesting patterns and pasted in different directions. If there are no options yet for how to decorate the ceiling in the living room inexpensively, then you can consider wallpaper as an option for ceilings even with a small error.
Advice. When choosing wallpaper as an option, be prepared for the fact that the process is quite labor-intensive. When finishing, you need to strictly ensure that no air bubbles form under the canvas. This problem applies especially to wide rolls.
Finishing with slabs does not require special preparation, installation is very easy, you don’t even need special instructions. This finish will allow you to very quickly make inexpensive cosmetic repairs that are not labor-intensive and hide all the unevenness and cracks in the ceiling.
Advice. When finishing with tiles, do not put too much pressure on the surface, as it is soft and delicate. To avoid leaving marks at the clamping points.
When finishing the ceiling with tiles, it is necessary to determine the starting point; usually the finishing is done from the middle of the ceiling (from the chandelier) and is evenly distributed over the entire plane. The trimmings will be obtained near the walls, then they can be covered with a special plinth.
Titanium glue or similar is used as a fastening element.
Liquid wallpaper as a finishing material for the ceiling
If the question arises of how to decorate the ceiling in a room, then of course one cannot fail to mention liquid wallpaper. This type finishing can add luxury and elegance to any room.
This type of material is perfect for rooms such as:
- Living room.
- Hallway.
- Bedroom.
- Children's room.
Silk plaster and liquid wallpaper are an excellent alternative to other finishing materials.
Instructions for finishing the ceiling with liquid wallpaper:
- The entire surface is thoroughly cleaned of all contaminants.
- Dry the ceiling.
- Prime.
- Using a trowel, apply silk plaster to the ceiling.
Advice. This type of finishing requires a number of specific skills, so before starting work, without experience, it is better to familiarize yourself with educational video or consult a knowledgeable specialist.
Dropped ceilings
Finishing using suspended structures is the most common and popular option for modern houses, offices and city apartments. A suspended structure in most cases consists of a metal frame, which is attached to the load-bearing ceiling and cladding panels, which are attached to metal frame.
So:
- Suspended ceilings are most often used when the surface has radical differences and defects. In order not to engage in labor-intensive finishing, you can use a simple hanging structure, which will also allow you to hide everything. engineering Communication and create a unique ceiling plane design.
- In the kitchen and bathroom it is best to use PVC panels (see Finishing the bathroom with PVC panels yourself: a step-by-step guide), suspended and slatted ceilings, but for ordinary rooms plasterboard structures and combined options ceilings.
Advice. Plasterboard construction is perfect for shaped curved designs; the material is easy to cut and install.
Ideally for plasterboard construction and other types of hanging ceilings will do spacious room with high ceilings.
Stretch ceiling structures
This is the most universal type of finishing, which is suitable for absolutely any room, without restrictions. In addition, of all materials, this is the most durable, but also expensive, finishing of premises.
If you have not decided how to decorate the ceiling in the bathroom, then you don’t have to think that the tension structure will withstand everything negative impacts. Considering the small area of the room, the cost of the material will be insignificant, but the result will exceed all expectations.
Without special equipment and knowledge in this area, it will not be possible to do the installation yourself. PVC is heated to a certain state, stretched and fixed at the edges in baguettes.
With help PVC structures You can hide all communication systems, irregularities and defects. In addition, thanks to its unique features, the ceiling will add elegance and luxury to the room.
In any apartment, residents want to have their own unique renovation, which would bring not only style, but also comfort to the room. Therefore, the issue of finishing a home is very relevant, because a lot depends on what the walls and ceiling will be covered with. An incorrectly selected combination can destroy the carefully planned image and design of the apartment.
Thus, you should pay maximum attention to the materials used to decorate the ceilings in the apartment, because the result of the renovation will have to be enjoyed for more than one season. So what is popular and practical today?
Painting or whitewashing
It would seem that there is nothing easier than finishing the ceiling in an apartment with simple whitewash. However, there is definitely a catch. In this case, it's uneven ceiling, which you will definitely have to fight, because on a painted surface all the roughness will be even more noticeable.
Therefore, leveling work will have to begin. In addition, you cannot slightly improve the surface and abandon the matter once you start whitewashing: cracks and depressions will stand out strongly on the ceiling. Leveling is also bad because it is not only a difficult and time-consuming process, but also very dirty. All putty will fall from the ceiling onto the craftsman, or onto the floor around it, so before putting new laminate, it's worth dealing with opposite sex surface.
The best option The paint for the ceiling will be a water-based version, which can give the room a touch of solidity and completeness.
Wallpapering
If there were problems with the whitewashing, then there definitely shouldn’t be any problems with the wallpaper, because they will cover up the unevenness. However, not only will they not hide them, but they will also make them more obvious.
The following facts should be taken into account when working with wallpaper:
Ceiling paneling
Every year new ones appear in the apartment and now PVC modules seem commonplace. This is not surprising, because the material is easy to use, practical and attractive.
In general, polystyrene foam modules have plenty of advantages:
So, if you have chosen this option, you just need to select the desired pattern on the modules, purchase material and glue, and then feel free to get to work. Of course it's worth getting construction knife or at least scissors to cut the modules. In addition, a tape measure will also be very useful, but all this is a mandatory tool for any repair, so you should not focus on this.
In order to mount the module on the ceiling, you will need to apply glue evenly along the edges of the tile, as well as in its center. The undoubted advantage of the tile is that it covers small unevenness in the ceiling, which eliminates the need for thorough leveling of the surface. In addition, such finishing is easy to bring to the stage of completion, you just need to glue the plinth at the joints of the modules and walls at the end of the work.
Of course, the options for finishing ceilings in an apartment may be more original, but PVC tiles are very functional and durable, so in conditions where you just need to slightly update the design or save money, this is one of the best options.
Suspended structures
If you want to create a unique interior, then this option can be very attractive. Now there is not only a wide range of similar ceilings, but also a proven scheme for their installation, so there should be no problems during installation.
So, what other qualities do suspended ceilings have:
- These structures depend little on the flatness of the surface, as they are mounted on a frame.
- Thanks to the presence of the frame, a small space is formed between the ceiling and the surface in which wiring and lighting can be hidden.
- They significantly “eat up” the height of the room, since the modules must be located on suspensions that are attached directly to the ceiling surface.
- The main materials are not only metals, but also drywall, polystyrene foam, mineral fiber and MDF. All this expands the possibilities and options for finishing ceilings in the apartment.
The most popular in this ceiling family are cassette options, which are a frame onto which special modules are attached. They are usually produced in white. The cheapest options do not have special characteristics, but you can order cassettes that are not afraid of moisture, germs and force, or those options that provide better sound insulation.
Finishing the ceiling in an apartment is easy and quick; in addition, dismantling is carried out at the same speed. Moreover, you can replace one panel with another without any extra effort.
Slatted suspended ceilings
Some types of ceiling finishing in an apartment suffer from the fact that such cladding cannot be used in extreme conditions kitchen or bathroom. However, this does not apply in any way to rack modules, which are not afraid of either cold or heat, and, in addition, moisture has no effect on them.
The installation of such a structure differs little from other suspended analogues. In the same way, the slats are attached to the pre-assembled frame using hooks. On the other hand, the modules can be placed directly on the ceiling. To do this, you will need a comb that will be fixed to the ceiling. The modules will be inserted into it and fixed with latches that are already located directly on it.
Thus, slatted ceilings are the only analogue among suspended structures that can be placed on the surface without stealing the height of your room.
Stretch ceiling
If we mean modern decoration of ceilings in an apartment, then the tension option is exactly what lies behind this phrase. It is almost impossible to install it yourself, since special equipment is required for this, but, on the other hand, this particular cladding option should always be left to the craftsmen.