DIY vegetable cellar. Do-it-yourself above-ground cellar: step-by-step instructions

On any private plot or dacha, a huge number of buildings can be erected that are necessary for normal living and comfortable pastime. Don't forget about this required premises like a cellar. The cellar should be constructed immediately after or during the construction of residential premises. This building is needed for storage various types products, canned food, wine and vodka products and meat. Due to the fact that the cellar is a fairly cold room, due to its location underground, it will be necessary to make efforts to build it, and in this article you will receive step-by-step instructions on how to make a cellar in the country with your own hands, step by step. In addition, many other issues will be considered. About everything in order below.

Today there are a lot different types burial buildings, which, in principle, are similar to each other in design, but are somewhat different from each other in the functions they perform.

The main types include:

• Vegetable stores;
• Stone cellars for products;
• Cellars with blocking;
• Burts;
• Underground;
• Finnish glaciers and others.

Depending on the type of accommodation there are:

1. Ground cellars;
2. Recessed view;
3. Cellars located in residential buildings.

Before building a cellar, to achieve the desired result and fulfill it necessary functions, it is necessary to clarify the standards technological process and check the construction project. Be prepared for the fact that building a cellar is very labor-intensive process, is quite difficult and requires significant investment, but in the end it is completely worth it.

This article provides information on how to build a spacious cellar in your country house with your own hands. If all standards are observed, it will last for many years and will save products from the influence of temperature changes.

The simplest cellar is usually used for temporary storage of food, drinks and others. Its design is quite well known and you may have already encountered it. It is an ordinary dug hole, which is covered with a metal lid or any other with pre-vented ventilation. Such a pit is quite enough to preserve food for a day or more and leave vegetables in it for a long time.

The simplest option You can build a cellar yourself or, if possible, use the help of friends, since carrying out such work requires a certain amount of effort. Among other things, you need to have a tool and some materials, which we’ll talk about a little below.

From the very beginning, we select a hill on the site or do it ourselves in order to avoid damage to the building by groundwater. After making some calculations, even approximate ones, calculate the depth of the cellar and the amount of materials that can be spent on its construction.

It is completely logical that the next step is to dig a hole for the cellar in the country. It doesn't have to be too deep. A depth of 1 meter with a width of 1.2 by 1.4 meters is quite sufficient.

Digging a hole. The pit does not have to be large. For a small storage facility, a mini pit is quite suitable.

Having dug a hole, it is necessary to level its walls and strengthen them so that in the future they do not crumble and the cellar does not collapse. The bottom of the cellar, or rather its floor, is usually made of concrete with preliminary filling and cushion. Afterwards, a metal frame is installed. It must be installed in the corners of the cellar building.

After completing the work of digging a hole and strengthening it, you will have the following structure: the concrete floor is supported by a metal frame (if you took an iron corner, then from a corner), connected by transverse fasteners. Behind the frame there will be a fence that will prevent the earth from crumbling. Usually this is a mesh or chain-link, and a foam cover.

It is necessary to carry out the work one by one in a simple order:

• Dig a hole for the cellar;
• Fill the bottom with concrete;
• Install a metal frame and earth shedding limiters;
• Install the cover.

Afterwards, normal ventilation is done, and shelves are screwed inside the cellar, if necessary. This completes the construction of a basic cellar with your own hands. The scope of work, depending on the number of workers, lasts for 2-3 days, after which you get not the most efficient, but still quite capacious underground warehouse for storage.

To build, you must strictly adhere to the installation instructions and recommendations, follow the plan and instructions described below.

Selecting a location

An important factor is the choice of where to build the cellar. Such a place is usually elevated. As mentioned above, this is necessary to minimize exposure to groundwater, and waterproofing the building does not require a large investment.

Before construction, decide what type of cellar you should have. Will it be located inside a residential building or stand alone?

Positive factors for building a cellar under a building include:

• lack of influence on it from various precipitation;
• much greater ease of use, especially in the autumn winter period time.

After choosing a construction site, it is necessary to develop a project according to which all further work will be carried out.

Be sure to take into account all the tips provided below before making a cellar in your country house, and then the construction of a food storage room will take place at a lower cost in the shortest possible time.

1. Construction must be carried out in summer period time;
2. The construction of the structure should be on a hill;
3. For for long years services do not skimp on materials;
4. Be careful, follow all the rules when building walls and structures to prevent the earth from shedding;
5. Provide good ventilation;
6. When using wood internal structures cellar, treat it with special solutions in advance;
7. Observe correct sequence and don’t try to save money on construction.

Cellar space

Necessary materials

Taking into account your financial capabilities, in a preliminary plan it is necessary to calculate the amount of materials and their cost. Taking into account your needs, the cellar, depending on the functions it performs, can be built from: wood, concrete slabs or bricks. The cellar can also be made of metal, but it will be almost impossible to regulate the temperature in it.

Scheme of one of the possible buildings

Cellar dimensions

• A more acceptable size is 2 meters wide, the same depth and 3 meters long for a fully completed structure. It is necessary to take a reserve of approximately half a meter on each side of the wall in order to comfortably carry out all the work and be able to supply power, as well as carry out finishing work.
• The bottom of the cellar should be at least half a meter from groundwater.
• The ceiling should be 20-30 centimeters below the level at which the soil is still capable of freezing.
• The minimum wall thickness must be at least 25 centimeters.

Organization of waterproofing

If you choose to build a cellar with your own hands, then waterproofing will be done without the intervention of specialized construction organizations. The quality of waterproofing is directly proportional overall quality construction of your cellar and it is this that determines how long the underground structure will serve you.

When organizing waterproofing, special attention is paid to materials. The material is purchased taking into account the actual groundwater level. If the groundwater level does not reach the level of the base of the cellar, then it is necessary to use non-pressure waterproofing. If the level groundwater higher, then it is necessary to use anti-pressure waterproofing.

The walls of the cellar play an important role. They have the main impact environment and corresponding pressure. That is why the material for building walls must be durable and water-repellent, for example, concrete.

The equivalent of concrete can be a brick, which must be treated with special solutions before laying, and then a cement screed is made on both sides of the wall.

Also protective material roofing material can be used for walls. If you want to reduce the influence of groundwater around the cellar, you can organize drainage.

The sequence of building a cellar with your own hands

According to a pre-prepared project, a hole is dug for the future cellar. In this case, a hole is dug half a meter larger on each side of the original calculation. This distance is necessary for quality work and connection necessary equipment or lighting. If you have the strength and opportunity to keep the land fertile, excavation work must be carried out manually.

When the pit is ready, it is necessary to make the foundation of the cellar. To do this, create a cushion of crushed stone or broken slate, which is spread in an even layer on the bottom of the cellar and filled with bitumen. This pillow is made to protect against moisture.

The next step is the installation of walls and their strengthening. The correct construction is the organization of the foundation, and not the usual floor inside the structure. The walls, in turn, are built on the foundation. If it is brick, then masonry is done, if it is concrete, then reinforcement is done.

During the reinforcement process, do not skimp on the rods or metal corners used, since the pressure that the walls will have to contend with is quite significant.

After erecting the walls and carefully strengthening them, we move on to the finishing process. WITH outside The walls are plastered using cement mortar. Next, several layers of roofing material are applied as protection, preferably with preliminary bitumen impregnation for better waterproofing.

Wall treatment with inside is organized by the initial lathing under sheets of asbestos cement, onto which they are subsequently carefully attached with screws, pre-treated with bitumen and primer. It must be remembered that sheets must be processed on both sides, and even more so at the joints.

After external and interior decoration proceed to pouring the floor with concrete, after which a screed is made; the concrete is leveled, and all joints can be treated with a special waterproof material. Further decoration of the walls is purely decorative and can be organized according to your wishes. The walls can be puttied again, painted and whitewashed. You can put laminate on the floor or wooden blocks. Any finishing work depends only on your imagination and economic support.

In the process of organizing all the work described above, do not forget about the openings that are left for ventilation and future connection of electrical energy.

Ceiling organization

To make the ceiling, depending on the type of your cellar, different materials are used:

1. Reinforced concrete in the form of slabs;
2. Wooden materials pre-treated with a special solution;
3. Metal materials.

Reinforced concrete slab for flooring

The main support for installing the roof is using the previously installed walls of the structure. Organizing the ceiling is an important stage that has its own sequence.

1. We place the stops with channels approximately half a meter from each other;
2. We organize perpendicular welding, and then parallel. The end result should be squares, one side of which will be approximately 0.25 cm.
3. We prepare and install wooden formwork.
4. We lead two pipes into pre-prepared openings for ventilation. The material for such pipes is most often asbestos.
5. We install supports of sufficient rigidity to prevent the ceiling from bending under the influence of the soil. The support is installed with the calculation of the influence on each of them of about 1.5 square meters of the surface layer of soil.
6. We make the formwork airtight.
7. We pour the concrete mixture into the gap between the grid reinforcement structure and the channel, making sure that there are no hollow spaces left. The end result should be a uniform overlap with a height of no more than 30 centimeters.
8. We strengthen the ceiling from the outside using roofing felt or any other available material, which has the same thermal insulation properties.
9. The final stage consists of filling the resulting structure with earth or organizing the roof in the form of an oversized structure in a shape resembling a house or gazebo.

Final works

In this paragraph we will tell you about last stages the buildings, possible difficulties and ways to solve them.

Building a cellar is not a very simple process, but at the same time not so difficult, if you have enough experience. If you have a sufficient budget and desire, and you want to acquire such a building on your site, study the material given above, be patient, and the process of constructing an underground storage facility will go unnoticed.

A bulk cellar can be either a ground structure or a semi-buried one. The dependence of the choice is directly related to the groundwater level. To clarify all the details, you can use one of the well-known methods:

• Drill a hole at least one and a half meters high. We look into the resulting hole after 24 hours and, if water appears in it, then building a cellar at the dacha is only possible on the ground. If there is no water, then a semi-recessed design can be used.

The best period for carrying out such drilling work is spring-summer period, which is associated with a sufficient amount of groundwater during this period.

Bulk cellar

Above ground cellar

The ground structure has a fairly simple construction algorithm, which is listed below. If all points are observed, the structure will be of high quality and will last for many years.

Semi-recessed

The semi-buried cellar has a huge number of decorative designs. It is an ideal food storage and uniform climate environment. Such a structure is built in the event of a high rise in groundwater levels.

Scheme of a semi-buried burial room

The work is performed in the following order:

• We dig a hole approximately 70 centimeters high;
• We organize a brick or concrete foundation;
• We lay out or fill the walls 20 cm high, leaving a hole for the door;
• Isolate using special material foundation and walls;
• We carry out the installation of the ceiling, the material for which is most often used slab (its thickness is approximately 5 cm);
• Afterwards, a layer of clay is poured, roofing felt is laid, preferably in two layers;
• The soil is backfilled to a thickness of 70 cm;
• The building is covered with turf;
• At the final stage, the door is installed. Afterwards, if necessary, we hang a protective canopy over it and make several steps

Plastic cellar

A plastic cellar for a summer residence is a structure that has certain features that differ mainly in the shape of the structure itself. The structure provides a wall width of one and a half centimeters. The shapes of buildings in terms of their rigidity are determined by the presence of stiffeners or their absence. Plastic products may differ in their elemental content. Such cellars may include ready-made ventilation, as well as additional communications for the comfort of using the storage.

Your own cellar will be useful in almost every private household. You can store vegetables, canned goods and other things in the cellar. At the same time, such storage will be as convenient and high-quality as possible, because the cellar is underground and does not occupy usable space in residential premises, and the temperature conditions in the basement ensure maximum long-term storage various products nutrition.

The cellar can be equipped both at the stage of construction of the building, and in an already finished private building. In the second case, the work is complicated by the fact that you will have to dig a hole for the cellar by hand and remove the soil from the room yourself. Otherwise, the procedure for arranging a cellar for both mentioned situations is practically the same.

The cellar in the basement of the house must be buried at least 150-180 cm. With less depth, the temperature in the basement will exceed +8 degrees, which is not in the best possible way will affect the conditions and shelf life of vegetables.

Before starting work, you need to establish the depth of groundwater passage specifically in your area. This is easiest to do at the stage of arranging the foundation of the house, because... Geodetic research is included in the list of mandatory preparatory activities.

If the house has already been built, but you have just now decided to start arranging your personal cellar, determine the point of passage of groundwater you'll have to do it yourself.

This can be done according to the following methods:

• dig a hole with a depth of 250 cm and monitor its condition for several days in terms of filling with water;
• determine the depth of water in wells on adjacent land plots.

You can also contact a specialized company engaged in drilling wells.

Checking the groundwater level should be done during spring floods or prolonged autumn rains. It is during these periods that groundwater aquifers rise to their maximum level.

If groundwater is closer to the soil surface than 100 cm, you will have to refrain from constructing an underground basement, giving preference to an external cellar in some other suitable area.

If the groundwater level is within 100-150 cm, you can try to reduce it using a drainage system laid around the perimeter of the building below the floor of the future basement. In this case, special attention will need to be paid to waterproofing the basement walls.

Ideally, an underground cellar should have a depth of 200-230 cm. With such depth indicators, it will be comfortable to go about your business in the underground room, and the air temperature will be set at approximately +4-5 degrees, which is the optimal indicator for long-term storage of canned food, vegetables, etc.

Before you start arranging the cellar, you need to select suitable building materials. The walls of the room can be erected from concrete, natural stone, concrete blocks, ceramic bricks. Sand-lime brick and it is better not to use cinder blocks.

Determine the best option for entering the cellar. The simplest option is to install a hatch in the floor of the room with the installation of a ladder to descend into the cellar. If possible, the descent can be made from full-fledged concrete steps- it is more comfortable. An inclined trench for arranging the descent must be provided at the stage of digging the foundation pit.

Step-by-step guide to building a cellar

Self-arrangement of the cellar under the house is carried out in several simple steps. Complete each of them in sequence.

Video - Cellar under the house

The first stage is determining the dimensions

Start by determining the dimensions of the cellar that are convenient for you. As a rule, the cellar area under the house is at least 5-8 m2. With similar dimensions, it will be possible to place racks with canned food in jars and containers with various root vegetables. For the rest, be guided by your needs.

Make the size of the pit at least 60 cm larger than the size of the cellar on each side. Of this reserve, approximately 30 cm will go to the walls. The rest of the space will be filled with waterproofing material and a clay castle.

Video - Construction of a cellar

Stage two – excavation work

Start digging a pit. If the house is just being built, use special equipment. In the case of arranging a cellar in an already finished house You will have to dig by hand. To prevent the side walls of the pit from crumbling, strengthen them with temporary supports, for example, made of plywood or boards.

Make the depth of the pit such that its bottom is approximately 30 cm below the bottom of the future cellar under the house.

The third stage is the foundation

Fill the bottom of the pit with mixed grade crushed stone. Compact the backfill and place it on it reinforcing mesh. Pour the concrete. Allow the fill 2-5 days to dry initially. After this, you can begin arranging the walls of the future cellar.

Stage four - walls

It is better if the walls of the cellar are made of monolithic concrete. To increase the moisture resistance of the fill, it is necessary to add special mixture to create penetrating moisture insulation.

Assemble the formwork for pouring concrete walls. To do this, use boards, bars, ties and nails. It is better that the formwork boards are planed - they are easier to dismantle in the future. Make the formwork about 30 cm wide. Lay 2 reinforcing bars along the future walls with a connection at the joints of the walls. Use soft wire to connect the rods.

At the stage of arranging the formwork, provide places for placing ventilation pipes.

Pour concrete into the formwork. It is best to pre-order ready-made concrete, because... on self-cooking the required amount of solution will take a very long time.

After pouring, pierce the concrete with a metal rod in several places to remove it from the material. excess air. The solution will dry for about a week and will need another 3-4 weeks to gain strength.

Let the walls dry and dismantle the formwork.

Fifth stage - waterproofing

Proceed with the external waterproofing of the cellar. Bituminous mastic is best suited for this. Apply 3-4 layers of waterproofing material to outer side the basement walls using a roller, and then glue a layer of roofing felt over the mastic. Allow the insulation to dry and fill the area near the walls with earth or make clay castle.

If there is a risk of cellar flooding, the clay castle must be made in mandatory. Mix the clay clean sand and water until you obtain a homogeneous mass resembling plasticine. Fill the hole layer by layer with the resulting mass and compact thoroughly.

Inside, both the walls of the cellar and its floor are waterproofed. It is best to fill the floor with hot bitumen and cover it with roofing felt. To insulate walls, you can use polymer mastic or penetrating waterproofing. The second option is more preferable.

When installing the floor, remember the required 1-2 degree slope of the surface in the direction of the technical pit. Thanks to the slope, the cellar will remain dry even during the rainy season and floods.

Stage six - finishing

At the stage finishing you have to make a ladder, a manhole cover and ventilation.

If you decide to make do with a simple wooden staircase, pre-soak starting materials antiseptic. Place the stairs at a slope that makes it comfortable for you to climb and descend.

The hatch cover must be hinged. For the rest, at this stage, be guided by your preferences.

Video - Ventilation in the cellar

Insert the ventilation pipes into the holes that you made at the stage of preparing the walls for pouring concrete. The exhaust vent should be located under the ceiling of the cellar above the pit, the supply vent should be located almost near the floor in the opposite wall. Place the air ducts outside. Place protective grilles (grids) over the ventilation openings.

The procedure for arranging the ceiling depends on whether the cellar is being created during the construction of the house or whether it is being installed already finished building. In most cases, the ceiling of the cellar is an ordinary floor slab with a pre-prepared hole for the hatch. The procedure for arranging such a ceiling depends, as already noted, on the circumstances under which the cellar is created under the house, so be guided by the conditions of your particular case.

This completes the construction of a cellar under the house with your own hands. Install the planned racks and shelves, and you can start using your own cellar.

Good luck!

Video - DIY cellar under the house

We will send the material to you by e-mail

On the territory of a suburban area, it would not hurt to build a cool room for storing pickles, fruits, vegetables and other food products. In this regard, it is worth considering how to make a cellar in the country with your own hands. By completing all the steps step by step, you can create reliable and durable storage.

Even the small design allows you to store a lot of food

The cellar is usually located in a separate place on the street or under a residential building. Its main purpose is to store food supplies. Due to the device, shelves and other devices, it is possible to increase the functionality of the room.

Classification of cellars by depth level:

• underground structures are installed in dry places;
• semi-underground structures are erected in damp places with average groundwater levels;
• above-ground buildings are made when groundwater is too close.

Note! In an area with too high humidity, it should be arranged special pillow from a sand and gravel mixture. It will separate the structure from groundwater.

The construction of a cellar does not require obtaining permission from any regulatory authorities, however, the developer must in any case decide on its location, taking into account some nuances. You should choose a site that is as dry as possible, away from trees.

DIY cellar at the dacha step by step: basic work

After choosing a suitable location for your country storage, you can begin basic work. The listed stages are relevant for underground and semi-buried structures. As for above-ground structures, they have a slightly different construction technology.

Pit preparation

When digging a pit, the following points must be taken into account without fail:

• the depth of the pit is determined by the design of the building;
• the area of ​​the dug pit should be somewhat larger, since a certain part of the space will be occupied by walls and floor;
• You can avoid shedding of earth from the side walls by installing formwork;
• the removed soil should be left for embankment and design of the structure.

Important! Setting up a cellar with your own hands under the house deserves special attention. In this case, the need for laying floors is completely eliminated, since this function is successfully performed by the floors of the first floor.

Base structure in the form of a floor

Most suitable option is to fill the lower plane with concrete mortar. To do this, all debris is removed from the pit. The surface is leveled and compacted, after which it is covered with a 15-20 cm layer of sand. waterproofing membrane and reinforcing mesh, then concrete is poured.

Thus, when wondering which floor in the cellar is best to install, first of all you should pay attention to the concrete base.

Construction of the walls of the structure

The side parts of the structure must withstand soil pressure. Mainly used in their construction are:

• concrete mixture;
• building blocks;
• brick;
• wood.

Laying floors

The first option for floors is wooden beams. The load-bearing elements are laid with their edges on opposite walls, after which they are sheathed with boards. A waterproofing membrane is spread on top. The second option is to use ready-made reinforced concrete slabs. They are durable, which is why they are popular. They are laid on the end parts of the walls, after which they are covered with earth.

Creating high-quality ventilation

Constant air exchange will make it possible to avoid the appearance of mold and rot in the room, and will also allow you to maintain optimal temperature regime. For ventilation, two pipes must be installed. One of them will be a supply, and the other will be an exhaust.

Suitable for ventilation plastic pipes medium diameter. However, their sizes depend on the volume of the room. The supply elements are usually located on one side, 20 cm from the floor, and the exhaust elements on the other, 30-40 cm from the ceiling.

Problem with high groundwater levels: do-it-yourself cellar

A certain category of developers may have the following dilemma: if groundwater is close, how to make a cellar? It’s worth mentioning right away that this is quite possible. To do this, first of all you need to do ring drainage site where construction is planned.

Perforated elements are located below the depth of the soil along the perimeter of the pit. Their slope should be approximately 2 cm per linear meter towards the well or sewage pit. Pipes should be covered with crushed stone and wrapped with geotextile.

If the floor and walls are made of reinforced concrete, then high-quality waterproofing inside and out.

A large plastic container can be used as a sealed room. It is completely buried in the ground. By building a plastic cellar at your dacha with your own hands step by step, you can avoid mistakes associated with waterproofing the structure.

Related article:

Work after building a cellar with your own hands: photos + additional recommendations

Ensuring unhindered ascent and descent is carried out using. Its width should not be less than 40 cm, otherwise moving can be very difficult. It is allowed to make a slope of up to 75 degrees. The material can be wood, metal or concrete.

To store supplies, it is necessary to build special shelves or racks. Typically, 100x100 timber is used for their manufacture. The height of the structure depends on the height of the room itself.

The value of the harvest collected at the dacha directly depends on its preservation. Insuring the family budget from unnecessary expenses and serving a fresh, vitamin-rich harvest to the table all winter - these are the main tasks that the cellar performs. No home refrigerator, even the size of a linen closet, can replace it.

The word cellar is most often associated with a country house. Here on the veranda or in the kitchen there is a hatch leading to basement or shallow pit.

Free-standing cellars outside the house for storing vegetables, fruits and canning are less common and many summer residents are practically unfamiliar with them. This article will help you evaluate the advantages, study the varieties and understand the features of the construction of such structures.

Despite the same purpose, a free-standing cellar is structurally different from a basement. Placement of storage under open air requires a reliable roof and powerful insulation.

The need to build a cellar on the territory of a dacha arises in two cases:

• At high level groundwater.
• For storing large volumes of fruits and vegetables.

The type of structure depends on the water saturation of the soil. Surface storage is built in cases where it is impossible to go deeper into the ground than two or three “bayonets” of a shovel.

If the maximum level of soil water rise is at a depth of 1.5-2.0 meters, then the structure is buried in the ground to half its height. If the aquifer is deep, the storage facility can be completely dug into the ground, leaving a flat roof covered with turf on the surface.

Entrance to a semi-buried cellar

Some may say, why would I make a cellar in the yard when I can dig it under the floor of the kitchen or porch? There are several serious objections to this argument.

First. It is best to dig a cellar under the house during the construction of the building. In the existing dacha, the floors will have to be dismantled, and then, in cramped conditions, tons of earth will have to be manually removed.

Second. The construction of a bulk storage facility under a house can disrupt the soil conditions of the foundation and cause the building to settle.

Third. The ground may contain radioactive radon gas, which will enter residential areas.

Fourth. The dimensions of the basement are limited by the size of the room in which it is located. There are no such limits for a street cellar (storage warehouse).

Fifth. In winter, heat from the house significantly increases the temperature and humidity in the basement, worsening storage conditions and activating the growth process of potatoes.

General information on cellar construction

As we said above, the solution to the question of which cellar is better to make depends on the groundwater level. If they are close to the surface of the earth, then the only option is above-ground storage.

Ground cellar - the best option for damp soil

Original appearance An above-ground cellar is popular with lovers of rock gardens and other miniature “mountain massifs” created in the country.

As the “upper water” moves away from the surface of the earth, the storage for vegetables and fruits can be lowered deeper.

The lower the water, the deeper the storage

Along with the increase in the depth of a country storage shed, the problems inherent in all underground structures become more acute: the need for high-quality drainage, waterproofing of walls and ceilings. To solve them, a trench is dug along the perimeter of the pit, filled with crushed stone and sand. This reserve "pocket" will collect excess moisture that fell into the ground after melting snow or heavy rains. The walls are backfilled not with earth, but with a crushed stone-sand mixture that drains water into a drainage trench.

Regardless of the quality of drainage, an outdoor cellar needs waterproofing. Today it is easy to do. On the market you can find many hydrophobic impregnations and mastics that protect the bottom and walls of the building from soil moisture.

Water protection is needed outside and inside

Any summer resident knows that long-term storage of crops requires a certain temperature and humidity. In winter in country cellar The temperature should be maintained from +2 to +4C with air humidity from 80 to 90%. It is easy to control using a thermometer and hygrometer. But how to ensure that the room is warm enough and not too damp?

The first problem is solved by insulation. In surface and semi-buried storage facilities, this role is played by the soil used to line the walls.

The best natural heat insulator is peat. Unfortunately, it is quite rare. Therefore, if you decide to build a cellar at your dacha with your own hands, buy for insulation of the ceiling and walls polystyrene foam boards 5 or 10 cm thick. They are covered with earth on top and fixed to the walls with glue or bitumen mastic. To prevent erosion of the embankment soil, it is sown with grass or covered with layers of turf cut from the soil.

This is not a hobbit's house, but a mound cellar covered with turf.

Regulates humidity in storage simplest system natural ventilation. It consists of a long supply pipe and short exhaust.

Pipe A – inflow, pipe B – exhaust

There is a very effective and cheap way accumulation of cold in a storage facility - a glacier. Our great-grandfathers successfully used it to store meat and dairy products. This is a shallow pit with ice (in our time, its walls are made not of wood, but of concrete). There is nothing clever in the design of the glacier, but the cold release from the ice blocks is very impressive and persists for several months.

What types of cellars are there?

The simplest cellar is wooden frame made of logs on which the slab roll rests. A layer of roofing material is laid over it and soil is poured.

This is what a wooden vegetable cellar looks like

Wood, even antiseptic, will not last more than 15 years in a buried storage facility. Therefore, most often the walls of cellars are built from brick, cinder blocks or monolithic reinforced concrete. The ceiling is made from standard hollow core slabs or use concrete pouring over the reinforcement frame.

Sometimes wooden beams are used for the ceiling, between which expanded clay insulation is poured or mineral wool is laid.

Concrete storage slab made from wooden beams

Insulation of floors with expanded clay

For underground storage of vegetables, in addition to concrete and brick, you can use metal or plastic. A finished cellar for a summer residence is a container with stiffening ribs, which is buried in the ground to a given depth. The metal is treated with bitumen coating before installation. Plastic in additional protection does not need.

Metal cellar in the process of installation

During the period of seasonal rise of the “high water”, a powerful buoyant force acts on the caisson cellar (Archimedes’ law). Therefore, a prerequisite for it trouble-free operation is the use of ballast - monolithic or prefabricated concrete slab. It is placed with a crane or poured at the bottom of the pit before installing the tank and secured to it with anchors.

When considering the option of purchasing a ready-made storage unit made of plastic or metal, you need to take into account the following considerations:

• The price of a container for storing fruits and vegetables (including installation) is higher than the cost of building a structure made of concrete or brick.
• Despite the high factory readiness of the caisson, completely abandon the earthen and concrete works you will not succeed (a pit and a ballast slab are necessary).
• Drive the crane to the equipped country cottage area It is problematic to install the slab and container without damaging green spaces, paths and fences.

The only real advantage of plastic and steel structure is absolute tightness - an important factor for a deep cellar.

The average cost of a 5 cubic meter plastic cellar (without installation) is 95 thousand rubles. Installation work will cost 50 thousand rubles.

The approximate price of a metal storage facility of the same volume (walls made of steel sheet 5 mm thick) – 85 thousand rubles. You will have to pay at least 45,000 rubles for installation.

Looking for inexpensive option street vegetable storage, pay attention to concrete rings. They are used for septic tanks and other underground structures. By making a concrete base and installing several rings on it, you will get a reliable shelter for the grown crop.

Factories make not only round, but also rectangular concrete sections

The floor in the cellar made of prefabricated rings and its walls must be treated inside and outside waterproofing composition(coating or impregnation). A prerequisite for tightness is the presence of joining locks on the concrete sections.

Construction of the underground storage facility is nearing completion

You won’t have to manually cast a concrete lid for such a cellar. It can be bought together with rings.

If the farm is idle old slate, then the problem with the cellar can be considered solved. Having made a frame from a corner or pipes, it is lowered into the prepared pit. After this, the slate sheets are attached to the profile with self-tapping screws.

A slate cellar on a metal frame is a simple and inexpensive option

After preparing the sand and crushed stone and installing the reinforcing mesh, the bottom is filled with concrete. Next stage– laying electrical wiring, coating the slate and frame with bitumen mastic. The work is completed by concreting the floor and backfilling.

Monolithic slate ceiling

Regardless of the type of material used to build the walls, a well-executed cellar floor design includes several layers indicated in the diagram.

Floor design

To conclude our review, we will consider two options for above-ground mini-storages. The first of them is a “box” made of boards with a gable roof and a door. By insulating the space between its outer and internal lining mineral wool (thickness of at least 150 mm), you will get inexpensive and functional storage.

The second option for an above-ground mini-cellar is a structure attached to the wall of the house. The benefit of this solution is twofold: saving space and one finished wall.

The ceiling here is made of boards covered with crumpled clay and a layer of roofing felt. The embankment is made with soil, which after laying is moistened, compacted and covered with turf.

Nowadays, almost every family has personal plot in the form of a small dacha, where, for their own pleasure, townspeople plant vegetables and take care of fruit trees, grow flower crops.

However, in the fall, many owners begin to think about where to store all the vegetables and fruits collected from the garden.

The ideal option for this is a cellar, in which all year round holds on optimal temperature for storing preparations and vegetables.

In this article we will talk about how to build a cellar without extra costs what requirements and recommendations must be observed during construction.

The structure of the cellar and its differences from the basement

Between the cellar and the basement there are serious differences.

Materials required for building a cellar

For the construction of a cellar, materials such as concrete, cinder blocks and bricks.

Porous materials, such as polystyrene foam, will easily allow air and moisture into the room, so additional costs may be spent on waterproofing and ventilation.

To build a cellar with your own hands, we will be needed:

• crushed stone and gravel;
• river sand;
• clay;
• roofing felt;
• cement;
• bricks;
• ceiling boards.

The main stages of constructing a buried cellar

Preparing a pit and a solid foundation for the cellar

Having chosen a place to build a cellar, and having decided on the size of the structure, it is necessary clear the soil surface of vegetation, stones and sticks.

In order for the cellar to be durable and serve you for many years, it is important to properly dig the pit and prepare the foundation for pouring the floor and installing the walls:

• First you need dig a hole of a certain depth, depending on what type of cellar you have chosen. In our case, the height of the structure will be about 2.5 meters. In addition, it should be taken into account that part of the space will be occupied by an entrance space or a hatch, stairs and shelving, so the pit should be dug with a margin, which will depend on your preferences

Helpful advice! Before digging a pit, you should check the meteorological forecast for the coming week, since the presence of precipitation can significantly complicate the construction process.

• After preparing the pit, it is necessary to treat the base of the cellar, level and compact the top layers of soil. The floor in the cellar must be stable and level. To get rid of excess moisture, we need to fill the bottom of the cellar with a layer of crushed stone or gravel up to up to 30 cm.

Pouring the floor with clay and concrete

To build a floor in the cellar, you need mix clay mortar with little content quartz sand(no more than 10% of the total amount of clay) with water.

You should have the consistency of thick sour cream. Using the resulting mass, pour gravel into an even layer to a height of about 3 cm.

In order for the building to serve you for many years, a clay floor will not be enough, so many people strengthen it and poured concrete. To do this, place on a dried layer of clay reinforced mesh to strengthen the floor covering.

On top of it it is necessary to pour a layer of concrete mortar to a height of approximately 5 cm.

To prepare concrete mortar, you need to take five parts river sand and one part quality cement. For example, on 1 kg we should take some cement 5 kg sand.

Most often, the proportions are indicated on cement packages necessary materials, so it is better to follow these recommendations. Filling the base of the cellar with a solution 5 cm, you need to level it and give it a couple of weeks to dry completely.

Construction of walls in the cellar

An important stage in the construction of a cellar is walling. Consider the construction rules brick walls step by step:

1. Before you build walls, you need to level with a shovel or trowel, so that the brick laying is as even as possible
2. A prerequisite for laying bricks is foundation cleared of earth and pieces of clay, on which the first layer will lie. The foundation is necessary for the stability of brick walls. For its construction, the remaining concrete solution that was used to fill the floor is used. The width and height of the foundation depends on the load that will be placed on it in the future. Typically the width of the walls is made from 1 brick, so we fill the foundation so that it protrudes above the floor level by 15 cm and let it dry
3. The beginning of the masonry must begin from the corner of the wall where the doorway will be. The laying must be carried out in a checkerboard pattern, that is, starting with a whole brick, the second layer will begin with half a brick, the third with a whole brick, and so on
4. When laying a brick on the foundation, it is necessary each time tap with the handle of a trowel for better bonding and to allow excess solution to come out. In order for the walls to be smooth and strong, it is necessary to check each erected row using a building level
5. Cement mortar for fastening bricks is prepared in the ratio 4 parts sand to 1 part cement powder
6. At the same time as cement, experts recommend preparing a thick clay solution by mixing clay and water in the ratio 2×1, which need to fill the free space between the earthen wall and the brickwork. This will serve as an additional layer of waterproofing.

After building the walls, you need to let the mortar harden for about for a week, after which you can design the ceiling with a ventilation system and waterproofing.

Waterproofing

Availability waterproofing layer is a necessary requirement when building a cellar.

The most popular materials for wall insulation are roofing felt or hydrostekloizol. In addition, experts advise treating walls and floors with a special waterproof compound.

So, after we processed the brick water repellents, it is necessary to waterproof the walls using roofing felt and cement.

Mounted on walls 2 – 3 layers of roofing material using heated bitumen, after which they must be plastered with cement mortar.

Hot bitumen is a molten bitumen mastic made from hydrocarbons and their derivatives. It is a fastening material that has water-repellent properties.

Construction of floors

Ceiling in the cellar must be as durable and reliable as possible.

To build the ceiling in our cellar we use metal channels , representing metal constructions U-shaped.

Due to the fact that the weight of the ceiling is very large, you should build it yourself supports, supporting the ceiling. First, a base is made of four boards fastened together, and wooden supports are installed on them.

This entire structure is installed on the base of the floor and supports concrete ceiling until it dries completely.

To construct the ceiling we place on upper layer brickwork reinforced mesh, fill it with cement mortar and wait for it to dry.

After which you can begin laying the channels at a distance of about half a meter from each other. In this case, it is necessary that the channels go perpendicular entrance opening.

When making ceilings in the cellar, you need to leave holes for ventilation pipes, each of which is approximately 15 cm in diameter.

Ventilation in the cellar

Ventilation in the cellar is an important point when designing a cellar in the country.

If the room does not receive enough fresh air, then this can cause serious harm to human health.

The most popular type of ventilation is supply and exhaust. To organize it, you need to take two plastic pipes and place them in the openings of the ceilings.

One pipe is placed at a height half a meter from the floor. Fresh, clean air will flow through it into the room.

Another pipe is necessary to remove musty and harmful air outside; it should be located above the ceiling, protruding downwards 10 – 15 cm.

Installed on pipes plugs and protective caps, protecting against excess moisture.

Design of shelves and racks in the cellar

The design and decoration of the premises should be done after all construction work is completed.

Many owners prefer to build an entire wall wooden shelving with shelves of different sizes.

Some people attach metal to the walls hanging shelves that can withstand the heavy weight of stored products. Metal corners attached to the wall by welding in selected places.

When choosing certain designs for the cellar, you should proceed from what products will be stored there.

The most popular option among summer residents is prefabricated shelving, which are simply attached to the entire wall. The advantage of such shelves is their mobility, that is, when dry sunny weather they can be taken out to dry.

Attention! All wooden elements in the cellar it is advisable to cover special means against eating by insects, which will protect the building from cockroaches and beetles.

Thus, every owner can build a cellar on his own; the main thing is to follow the advice of experts and not skimp on building materials.

You can watch detailed information about building a cellar at your dacha with your own hands in this video.

Return