Overlapping the 1st floor with an attic, layers diagram. Rules for creating a reliable floor in the attic of a private house

The overlap between the first and second floors is ordinary if the second floor is heated. It can be made of reinforced concrete, wood and other materials. It is only necessary to ensure sound insulation. If in winter time If only the first floor is in use, and the second floor is cold, then it must be insulated in the same way as the floor of the first floor (Fig. 5.14.). Due to the fact that a house loses 10-15% of heat through the ceiling, it is necessary to very carefully design and manufacture the ceiling between the first and second floors or the roof if the second floor is an attic. It is also necessary to provide a vapor barrier on the side of the heated room if using effective insulation And frame floor. If a reinforced concrete slab is used as a floor and the insulation is placed above it, then a vapor barrier is not necessary.

Rice. 5.14. Construction of the second floor with insulation.

Roof

The roof, like the foundation, determines the longevity of the house. It protects walls and foundations from precipitation and provides thermal protection interior spaces. The roof can act as a place to place solar energy elements on it (solar collectors for heating air, water, solar panels to convert solar energy into electrical energy). From the roof surface you can collect significant amount water for irrigation and other technical needs.

Types of roofs: combined (used for the attic floor) and cold traditional (for an ordinary one-story and an ordinary two-story house).

The design of the combined roof is almost the same as the design of the wall. If we sequentially consider how it is structured, from the inside to the outside, then first comes the finishing, then the sheathing, beams, vapor barrier, insulation, waterproofing, sheathing and outer covering (Fig. 5.15.). It is very important to provide a ventilated space above the insulation, which will ensure continuous drying of the insulation and the entire roof structure. The roof may be provided with fastening elements on which solar collectors and solar panels are placed. In this case, it is necessary to provide holes in the roof for laying air ducts and pipelines from air and water solar collectors. The roof design provides for a water collection system and its drainage to a specific place on the site.

Rice. 5.15. Insulated roof structure.

Notes. The slope of the roof should be such as to avoid large accumulation of snow. Fastening engineering equipment on the roof can be carried out in two ways: a) the equipment is built into the roof structure, b) the equipment is placed on special seats provided on the roof.

Window

The house loses almost as much heat through the windows as through the basement. On the other hand, the windows allow sunlight into the house, providing the necessary insolation and visual connection with environment. During the daytime in spring and early autumn, additional solar heating of the house is provided through the windows. IN summer time windows can be used for natural ventilation home and long-term ventilation. In addition, windows perform important decorative functions both in the interior and exterior of the house. All of the above shows how the window is important element Houses.

On the other hand, at night in winter, the house loses a lot of energy through the windows (Fig. 5.16.). Therefore, to increase the energy efficiency of an eco-house, a window design is needed in which the energy received from the sun is greater than it is dissipated per day (within winter months Siberia achieve this in simple ways This is not possible, but in the spring months and early autumn it can be done). For this purpose they use different ways(multilayer double-glazed windows, coatings that transmit visible light and reflective infrared radiation, filling the space between the glasses with different inert gases, thermal curtains, shutters, etc.).

Rice. 5.16. Radiation and heat flows in the window.

The simplest way to improve the energy efficiency of a window is to eliminate the ventilation function and use thermally efficient shutters. Simple design a window with an internal sliding heat-efficient shutter is shown in Fig. 5.17. Window includes one double glazing, inserted into window unit With inside. Behind it there is a sliding heat-protective shutter. From the outside, a frame with single glass is inserted into the window block, protecting the window block from snow, wind, and rain. The shutter provides thermal insulation during the cold night season. It is locked from inside the house. The thermal resistance of a window block when closed (at night in winter) can be made comparable to the thermal resistance of a wall.

Notes. To make shutters, you can use extruded polystyrene or solid high-quality foam plastic or foam glass. The window block is replaceable, assembled from individual elements, mounted outside. The internal double frame (glazed window) is inserted from the inside. To simplify the design and reduce the cost, there are no vents or frames in the window. For ventilation, vents are installed in the wall.

Rice. 5.17. Triple glazed window with thermally efficient sliding shutter.

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Hello, unknown literature connoisseur. If you read this text, the book "Second Sex" by Simon de Beauvoir did not attract your attention. This is a true phenomenon in literature that you do not like, but you admire the whole of nature, I do not like it, but it leads to incalculable ecstasy. Gentle irony, along with comics, is so harmoniously intertwined in the plot that it becomes an integral part of it.

In the end, all the riddles, secrets and tips that were cleverly organized in the story are revealed. Vibrant landscapes, vast horizons and rich colors all add depth to perception and stimulate the imagination.

It's nice to immerse yourself in the "golden age" where happy people live with their small and simple, but it would seem big problems. Apart from providing interesting, exciting and interesting narrative material, the plot also maintains logic and sequence of events. The first lines of the visual are eye-catching and in many ways they are distinctive, colorful and graphic. The main character instantly pushes approval and compassion, you can easily imagine yourself out of place and sympathize with him.

The core idea has so many emotions and intentions so deep that anyone who comes into contact with it becomes a child of this world. “The Second Sex” by Simon de Beauvoir reads for free on the Internet, you can admire it, perhaps with bitterness, but it is impossible with indifference.

Beams and floors
Beam device
Working

There are two options for installing a wooden floor: if the house is single, the floor is attached to logs; if it is multi-story, the floor of each floor is attached to wooden beams.

Although, depending on the design and within the same home, wood floors may be attached to wood beams. Therefore, we are not talking about the choice of technology, but about the structural characteristics of the building.

Beams and floors

The device on the second floor floor on wooden beams has technological characteristics.

namely:

• Beams are part of the home's design, making it stronger. The shafts are firmly attached to the load-bearing walls, making the floor reliable.
• Light weight of building materials that came to the bottom of the floor.
• Low cost of construction of such floors. However, second floor floors on wooden supports have their disadvantages. Reliance on load-bearing walls increased noise conductivity, which negatively affects life in such a home.

  If you think about it and cover the back of the second floor with soundproofing pads, the problem will be solved. Unfortunately, this approach reduces the load-bearing characteristics of the structure as a whole.

Beam device

The floor was of high quality and lasts a long time, it is necessary to determine the number of rays.

To do this, you can use special programs, and developers differ in accordance with standard approaches:

• Select beam with cross section 150×150 mm or 200×200 mm.
• The beams are located at a distance of 0.6 m from each other.

As a rule, pine is chosen as the cheapest and most affordable wood.

Depending on whether the buildings are brick or wood, the fastening of the supports overlaps. Brick house built into brick. In a wooden structure they are laid on wooden base and secured with metal clips.

This process requires a certain approach, which can be based on certain rules:

• All wooden structures, including beams, must be treated with antiseptics and fire-resistant materials.
• Do not remove wood structures containing resin as this may cause condensation.
• Place the first stick at a distance of 5 cm from the wall and no more.

As mentioned, the installation of supports is switched according to the structural characteristics of the structure.

Working

The floor on the second floor of a private house is arranged as follows. First, you need to secure the rods on all sides of the beams. The rods are fixed so that the plates are at the same level as the beams. The fastening must be reliable, since it is necessary to walk on the ground.

The overlay has been completely removed from the bottom, which will later serve as the ceiling on the first floor. The panels are installed very tightly, so there are no cracks.

After this, the top side of the cladding is covered with a layer of waterproofing or usually clay mortar.

Its merit is that this mixture does not burn, so it is ideal for such purposes.

The solution is applied to thin layer, after which it must be allowed to dry. You can place roofing felt as an option. Such technological operations increase the service life of the insulation.

Second floor floors wooden house must be warm, so it is necessary to install thermal insulation between the beams.

Place floors between floors

As a heater you can use:

• ordinary slag, which is poured into the spaces between the beams;
• mineral wool;
• expanded polystyrene;
• expanded clay or sawdust.

In most cases, mineral wool is used due to its low cost, simplicity and ease of installation.

This material fits between the beams and is very tight, so there are no cracks, especially since you can work with sealed mineral wool. This will ensure high quality thermal insulation coating without possible cold bridges.

Finally, the surface can be coated with a vapor barrier, although this is not necessary if there are financial concerns.

As an alternative, polystyrene foam can be used, but remember that it has good fire resistance, despite its unique thermal insulation properties.

If we are talking about materials such as sawdust, expanded clay or slag, this bulk materials and they cannot simply be delivered to the second floor in sufficient quantities.

After installing the insulation, you can begin obtaining flooring floor on the second floor.

This is done using the same technology as pre-strengthening the space between the beams. But the panels were secured from below, but now it needs to be done from above.

The main thing is that the rough soil is leveled by the rays.

There is another version of finishing the floor covering on beams. For this purpose, the jams are fixed to the beams and in a direction perpendicular to the direction of beam distribution.

In this case, we get an air space that has a positive effect on the stability of the structure.

Additionally, this approach allows for the installation of a floating floor, which can reduce noise levels somewhat.

A slab or particle board slab is attached above the logo. At the same time, there must be gaps between floors and walls. In any case, the floor installation can be completed with a finish suitable for linoleum, parquet or laminate.

conclusion

The conclusion shows that having a heated floor on the second floor of your home is the best choice. This is usually additional comfort and convenience.

After watching the video you can learn more about this technology.

The attic floor of a private house made of wood must have good thermal insulation and sound insulation characteristics. If the cottage is one-story, then this is quite simple to achieve. Interfloor insulation and soundproofing the floor in a two-story building or in a house with an attic is a much more difficult task. The floor will still have to be laid on top of the wooden beams. In this case, the choice of materials is reduced, and the requirements for them increase.

Features of interfloor sound insulation and insulation of a cottage

Flooring on wooden beams is the simplest and in a fast way devices attic floor in a private house. It is enough to mount the beam with a certain step, lay heat and sound insulating material in the resulting gaps and cover everything with finishing. Everything is quite simple; even a novice master can handle the installation.

Thermal insulation of interfloor and attic floors in a wooden house is a cake made of insulation and vapor barrier

If the ceiling beams are simply sheathed with wood, then such a ceiling will not dampen sounds and retain heat. Without high-quality thermal insulation ceiling structure You can't get by in a wooden cottage. If there is an attic on top, then when choosing a material, the main attention should be paid to it thermal insulation properties.

However, in the case of insulation of the interfloor ceiling between the first and second or attic floors, more important soundproofing characteristics"isolator". You have to fight the spread of unnecessary sounds in any residential building, but the insulating layer can be reduced.

If the house has heated rooms not only on the ground floor, then a high-quality heat insulator in the ceiling will prevent heat from rising to the upper rooms due to convection. As a result, maintaining a comfortable microclimate throughout the cottage will be much easier.

Important! Thermal and sound insulation of the interfloor ceiling in a wooden house is done to reduce air convection and the spread of noise between floors.

The insulation between wooden beams must be reliably protected from moisture at the top and bottom

When insulating between floors, not only the choice of heat and sound insulating materials is important, but also the design of the cake made from them. Ideally, from bottom to top from the first floor, it should consist of several layers:

• heat reflective;
• vapor barrier;
• insulating and soundproofing between beams;
• waterproofing.

The subfloor and the finishing coating on the second floor are laid on top of the heat and sound insulating cake. In this case, you will still need to leave gaps for ventilation so that the insulation does not accumulate moisture.

Classification of noise and methods to combat its spread

To effectively reduce the volume of sound passing through ceilings, you should clearly understand what you have to fight with. In some cases, laying soundproofing material is sufficient, while in others it will be necessary to make changes to the structure of the ceiling structure.

According to standards in residential premises, a comfortable noise level is considered to be within 40 dB, and harmful to hearing - more than 80 dB

Sound pressure levels various sources sounds

Types of noise

All noises spreading throughout the cottage are divided into two types:

1. Airborne - the sounds of operating household appliances and loud people talking.
2. Impact – formed as a result of impact on building structures (driving nails, drilling, falling objects onto the floor).

There are two types of noise around us

In addition, there are also structural noises that are formed as a result of a combination of the first two types or the conversion of sound waves from one type to another. Moreover, as a result of the fight against impact and airborne noise, structural sounds are automatically eliminated.

Important! If there are through gaps in the interfloor ceiling, then the soundproofing material laid between the wooden beams will be of little use. Noise penetrates through the holes along with the air.

Ways to combat airborne noise

To overcome airborne noise, the interfloor ceiling must be turned into multilayer construction from hard and soft building materials. As the first, you can use plasterboard or particle boards, and secondly - mineral wool, felt, fiberglass or fiberboard.

Some of the airborne noise should be reflected back into the room by the hard surface, and some should be absorbed soundproofing material inside the pie

Ways to combat impact noise

With percussion sounds everything is somewhat more complicated. It is necessary to dampen the energy of vibrations and shocks that are generated when walking on the floor of the second floor and objects falling on it. To do this, elastic pads made of rubber or cork are placed on wooden beams, and the rough floor covering is installed on them.

Advice! You can save a little on rubber gaskets by installing a “floating floor”. In this case, ordinary insulation is laid on the beams, and two layers of chipboard or plywood are laid on top of it without fastening to the joists.

Airborne and impact noise insulation index

When choosing a material for soundproofing and insulating the interfloor ceiling in a wooden house, its technical characteristics should look at the airborne noise insulation index R W in decibels. It indicates how many dB will be absorbed and directly depends on the thickness of the laid layer. According to the standards, to create comfortable conditions, R W of interfloor thermal insulation must be at least 50 dB. These are speech sounds of medium volume, which the cottage's ceiling must completely dampen.

For impact noise, the indicator L NW is used to assess sound insulation. However, it is calculated using special formulas and methods. Only a competent specialist can do this as part of the preparation of the building project. The higher R W and lower L NW, the better the sound insulation performance of the floor between the first and second floors.

Which heat and sound insulating material is better to use?

The building materials market offers a fairly wide range of insulation materials for interfloor ceilings with good sound insulation performance. The option can be found either the cheapest or the most expensive, environmentally friendly or the warmest.

Installation of a mineral wool insulated beam interfloor structure of a cottage

You can insulate the floor of the first floor using wooden beams using:

• mineral wool (basalt or glass);
• vibration damping materials based on synthetic rubber;
• glass canvas with non-woven fiber as the outer layer;
• fiberboard slabs;
• extruded polystyrene foam (EPS);
• silica fiber mats;
• isolon (foamed polyethylene with foil);
• construction felt;
• ecowool made from cellulose.

In addition, there are ZIPS on sale - sandwich panels made of two gypsum boards and insulation between them.

Advice! The cheapest is mineral wool, but the particles of glass or basalt from which it is made are harmful to health. It is better to take ready-made mats made of non-woven canvas with mineral wool inside. The insulation from them will definitely not crumble.

Izolon is ideal for installation from the ground floor with the foil down. It reflects perfectly thermal energy, It has good performance sound insulation against impact noise and is an excellent waterproofer. But it alone will not be enough on the floors; something else will have to be laid between the beams.

EPPS provides good sound insulation and insulation for interfloor slabs, but in terms of environmental friendliness it is much inferior to almost all other options. Plus it is flammable, like felt or ecowool. Medium and low density fiberboard slabs have good heat and sound insulation characteristics. However, they have considerable weight, which can lead to overloading of the beam floor.

Mineral wool has good sound absorption and thermal insulation. The fibers inside it are located at different angles to each other in a chaotic manner. On the one hand, they cushion and absorb sound vibrations, and on the other, the air between them is an excellent heat insulator.

The most affordable and popular option for insulating floors in a cottage is a cake made from mineral wool and vapor barrier film

The final choice of insulation for interfloor beams depends on the personal preferences of the owner wooden house. All of the listed materials are suitable, you just need to choose the right thickness to ensure the required heat and sound insulation.

Warm floating floor technology

1. Before insulation, the entire wooden beam of the interfloor ceiling should be coated with an antiseptic.
2. Then a rough flooring of boards 25–30 mm thick is placed between the beams, and a vapor barrier film is laid overlapping on top of them, extending 10–15 cm onto the walls.
3. After attaching the vapor barrier layer, insulation is laid on it. In this case, the heat-insulating material is mounted both between the beams and on top of them. This will avoid the formation of cold bridges and increase sound insulation.
4. The top of the insulation is again covered with a layer of vapor barrier.

Six steps for installing mineral wool in the interfloor ceiling on wooden beams

The subfloor can be made from 30 mm boards. But it is much better to lay two layers of chipboard so that the joints are covered wood boards. The result should be a coating that does not have a direct connection with the interfloor beams. It will lie in place due to its own weight, and due to the absence of a rigid tie with the beam beam, it will not allow transmission impact noise.

As finishing coating can be used:

• linoleum;
• carpet;
• laminate;
• parquet.

Carpet and pile materials will only increase the heat and sound insulation properties of the resulting cake. If linoleum is chosen for laying the interfloor flooring on the floor, then its base should be foam. The felt backing reduces airborne sound insulation.

The floating subfloor and walls should not be rigidly connected. It is necessary to leave a small gap of a couple of millimeters around the perimeter to fill with damping inserts made of rubber or porous polyethylene. Skirting boards need to be attached only to the floor or exclusively to the walls.

Video instruction: installing a floor on the second floor using wooden beams

Technology of insulation and sound insulation of interfloor ceilings from wooden beams has its own characteristics, but is quite simple and can be done by one person. A floating floor insulated with mineral wool allows you to create a reliable heat and sound insulating barrier between floors in a private house. But if the insulation is not carefully protected from moisture, then over time it will certainly deteriorate even inside a heated cottage.

The presence of an attic in the house opens up new opportunities for the owners. Firstly, it helps to give a stylish appearance the structure as a whole, and secondly, it rationalizes and increases living space. Provided all rules are followed, the attic can be used as a full-fledged residential floor. Special attention When constructing an attic, it is worth paying attention to the arrangement of the floor. In order for the floor of the second floor to meet state standards, to be durable and reliable, it is necessary to follow established rules.

Before you begin work on creating a high-quality and warm floor in the superstructure, you should know about the main features of such a room:

• can have any geometry, it all depends on the choice of roof type. These can be broken, symmetrical or asymmetrical designs. The location of the under-roof space can be along the entire length, or also located on one side of the longitudinal axis.
• The location of the attic floor can extend over the entire quadrature of the building or over any part of it. If the projection is limited, then such a room falls on the removal of the console.
• The planned project depends on several factors. Main parameter– architecture of the entire structure and load bearing capacity walls of the house.

Advice! To arrange on attic floor floor, ceiling and walls, experts recommend choosing relatively light building materials so as not to burden the structure of the entire house.

• As a rule, the attic area is large, so it is important to avoid heat loss during the arrangement. Despite the fact that the lower plane is not in contact with the external environment, the area needs high-quality thermal insulation.

The attic can have any configuration, which opens up new opportunities for interesting design projects. In addition to the aspect of rationalization and increasing full-fledged living space, the attic floor is economical. Practice shows that the construction of an attic is cheaper than the construction of a full floor of the same area. In addition to functional advantages, one cannot fail to mention aesthetics. Attics give the entire building a more expressive and unusual look. Understanding the features of constructing an attic floor in a private house, you can take into account everything during planning important points when arranging the floor in order to avoid mistakes and discomfort in the future. Particular attention should be paid to floor insulation.

Arrangement of the lower plane

By virtue of design features attic, when arranging the floor, you need to remember that to climb to the second floor you will need to equip a hatch, which will subsequently connect to the stairs. To do this, you need to choose its location and leave enough space for its device. The algorithm for arranging the lower plane of the attic floor is as follows:

1. We carry out cleaning to prepare the base. To do this, we remove debris, tools and foreign objects from the surface.
2. The next step is to check the strength of the floors. What is it for? It is the floors that bear the main operational load, so making sure of their strength and reliability is extremely important. We carefully examine the beams for integrity and absence of rotting.
3. We make preparations wooden logs. Their installation is a fundamental stage; the work depends on several factors. The choice of lag section and the distance between them during installation depends on the pitch of the floors, as well as the thickness of the board. The length of the logs must correspond to the dimensions of the roof space.
4. Installation of the outer support strips. Installation and fastening is carried out using self-tapping screws or nails. The planks are fixed directly to the pediment or side partitions. The installation principle is determined by the location of the roof structure.
5. It is necessary to place a strong crossbar along the edge of the proposed hatch. To ensure reliable fastening, you can use steel corners.
6. After the final determination of the location of the hatch for the entrance to the attic floor, the remaining logs are installed, taking into account the design features. In this case, the wooden crossbars should be located in the same plane.

It must be remembered that the floor in the attic is the ceiling for the lower floor in the house. Therefore, the reliability of the floors and high-quality arrangement will be the key to comfort and safety for all household members. At this stage, the preparatory work for arranging the floor has been completed. You can move on to an equally important part of the work - insulation.

Choice of insulation

When choosing a gasket for the floor on the attic floor, you need to avoid making the structure heavier. There are many materials for insulating buildings on the market. Which one is optimal for, should be understood in detail. We remember that the ceiling of the lower floor is also the basis for the attic. Therefore, heavy insulation materials should be avoided, as they place excessive stress on ceiling beams and floors. Experts recommend the following insulation materials:

1. Polystyrene foam is the simplest way to insulate a floor. Advantages:

• affordability;
• excellent thermal conductivity;
• moisture resistance and biological stability;
• ease of installation.

In addition to the advantages of using polystyrene foam as insulation for floors in attics, there are also disadvantages. The material has low vapor permeability, little strength, and is also a fertile environment for rodents.

1. Extruded polystyrene. A representative of the modern generation of floor insulation, which has the following advantages:

• high levels of moisture resistance;
• low thermal conductivity threshold;
• groove fastening system.

The disadvantages include high cost material and low vapor permeability.

1. Mineral wool is the best choice for insulating floors in the attic. Pros of use:

• the material is fireproof;
• has low thermal conductivity;
• moisture resistant;
• environmentally friendly for households.

The disadvantages include the high cost and the presence of joints during installation. The cracks and joints that may result from installation must be sealed with special mastics.

1. Expanded clay is one of the most effective materials for floor insulation. This insulation – a budget option With good characteristics. Pros:

• lightness;
• maximum filling of voids;
• environmental Safety.

Important! When choosing expanded clay for floor insulation in an apartment or semi-attic, you need to take into account its shrinkage, the coefficient is 1.15.

Glass wool is considered a classic insulation material. But, along with being safer, its characteristics are not ideal. When choosing floor insulation, you need to proceed not only from financial capabilities, but also from the aspect of durability. As they say, the miser pays twice! Therefore, savings in measures to insulate the attic floor are not appropriate.

Insulating the floor in the attic

Arrangement of the floor in the superstructure - important stage. During the process, it is necessary to eliminate any errors that could lead to negative consequences. As a result of improper installation, the ceiling of the lower floor of the house may be damaged. The algorithm for floor insulation includes several stages:

1. Creation of a high-quality vapor barrier layer. To do this, the entire prepared surface is covered with a special film. This is necessary in order to avoid the accumulation of condensation from the lower floor. When laying the covering, you need to make an overlap of 15-20 centimeters.
2. Installation of insulation. Insulation is placed in the gaps between the joists. It is important to monitor the formation of gaps between the plates, so it is recommended to make an overlap of 2 centimeters.
3. The next layer of vapor barrier film is placed on top of the insulation. IN in this case installation is carried out on a flat surface, and the material is secured to the joists with staples or nails.
4. The sheathing is being prepared for laying the floor boards.
5. Laying is done on top of the crossbars wooden flooring. You can use veneer or edged boards. The joints between the planks are fastened with staples, screws or nails. This type of flooring is called a subfloor.
6. Produced finishing floor.

When using wood in work, attention should be paid to antiseptic and fire protection treatment. This will help prevent rotting as a result of moisture and will increase the level of fire safety in the room.

Important! Between the layers of hydro- and vapor barrier it is necessary to create air gap 50 millimeters. This will help increase the service life of the attic floor!

When choosing materials for flooring, preference should be given to lightweight, energy-saving, vapor-proof and sound-proofing materials.

Installation of floors on the second floor.

There are several basic rules for creating a high-quality, durable and reliable floor on the attic floor:

• The main focus is on sealing the entire structure. To do this, all joints, corners or crevices are treated with sealant lubricants or insulating tape.
• When installing a self-leveling floor, the surface is pre-primed. For a perfectly flat floor, use a self-leveling mixture diluted with water in correct proportion. On such a floor you can lay tiles, carpet, laminate or any other decorative covering.
• Do not leave the space between the joists empty. If voids are not filled, the floor can resonate with a loud, booming sound. To fill space you can use bulk insulation, expanded polystyrene granules or expanded clay crumbs. This technique helps to perform sound insulation and insulation at the same time.
• It is better to do floor insulation using a two-layer method. In this case, ligation of seams and beams with a thickness of at least 150 millimeters is performed.

The arrangement of the floor depends on what material the floors in the house are made of. These could be wooden beams or reinforced concrete floor. When arranging a floor, you should pay attention not only to the choice quality materials, but also safety precautions. Having found out all the details and step-by-step algorithm actions, you can do all the work with your own hands no less efficiently than experienced professionals.

Proper insulation of the attic and attic ceiling.

Wooden floors between floors are suitable for almost all types of buildings. They are compatible with wood, brick and concrete buildings. Structures are installed not only between floors, but also in attics and basements. You can’t do without them in these rooms, but the arrangement of wooden floors between floors differs from basement structures.

Features of wooden floors

The ceiling structure includes, for the most part, only wooden elements. However, absolutely any materials are used to finish the ceiling and floor. The main thing is to correctly install the structure itself.

One of the most important functions of flooring is sound insulation. It is very easy to attach any insulating materials, including slabs. You can easily install any modern finish on top.

A very important advantage of wood construction is its low weight. Wooden floor elements do not exert significant pressure on the base of the building. Therefore, they are often used in houses with light foundations.

Installation carried out according to the rules promotes natural air exchange in the room. At the same time, the heat and sound insulation of the rooms is not compromised.

In general, wooden structures are very durable. They allow you to create lightweight and durable floors in a short time.

Technical requirements for floors

Interfloor structures consist of the following elements:

• beams;
• bars;
• layer of board;
• heat and sound insulation layer;
• waterproofing film;
• finishing board;
• ventilation slot;
• baseboards.

Note! Wood belongs to the class of highly flammable materials. In addition, it is susceptible to putrefaction, fungi and various bacteria. Therefore, materials for floors must be processed before installation. The minimum set of impregnations consists of fire retardants and antiseptics.

Installation and processing

To make the correct wooden floor between floors with your own hands, you need to understand the structure of its structure. It consists of a beam frame and sheathing made of boards or sheet particle materials.

The role of a heat-insulating and sound-proofing layer is performed by rolled material. Most often, glass wool, mineral wool or similar insulators are used for this. Sometimes expanded clay or polystyrene foam is used. However, the first one makes the structure very heavy, and the second one is highly flammable.

For wooden floors between floors in saunas and baths, it is very important to properly arrange waterproofing. In this case, vapor-proof films are optimal, allowing moisture to pass through only in one direction. The material consists of expanding cones that absorb moisture only from the porous side. WITH reverse side the coating does not release moisture.

Important! Vapor-tight coatings are laid with the porous side facing the insulation, “facing” the room. And for the room above, the film is mounted in reverse.

Floor beams

To figure out how to make a wooden floor between floors, you need to know the features of the structure's frame. Its basis is wooden beams. Most often, elements 15-25 cm in height and 5-15 in thickness are used. There is a distance of up to 1 m between the beams, depending on the cross-section of the elements.

Note! The greater the load on the floor, the larger the cross-section of the beams should be.

The supporting ends are made from 150 mm in length, they are laid using the “beacon” method. First, the outer beams are installed, and intermediate beams are laid between them. The evenness of the installation is checked with a level. The middle beams are laid according to the template. For leveling, you can use various resinous pads from scraps.

Important! You cannot use hewn, pointed wood chips to level beams.

The beams are laid with the same spacing along the entire perimeter, strictly parallel. They are treated before installation antiseptic impregnations and wrapped in 2-3 layers of roofing material. For brick and block buildings, floor beams are coated with bitumen at the ends. This technique protects the wood from moisture. For walls with a thickness of 2.5 bricks or more, vents are left for ventilation. And at the junction of the wood and the walls, roofing material is laid under the beams.

Reel installation

To cover the floor between floors use various materials made of wood, including boards, plywood and particle boards.

The subfloor in the ceiling is the lower flooring; it is on this that the heat-insulating material is laid. It can also be attached directly to the beams from below. In this case it performs the function draft ceiling, on which you can immediately mount finishing material. A floor made using second-rate boards will cost several times less.

The distance from the beams or logs is determined by the thickness of the boards with which they cover rough coating. They bear the main burden. So, if 2 and a half centimeter boards are used indoors, for attic spaces a step of 50 cm is needed, and for residential - 40 cm. Therefore, for flooring it is recommended to use a thick board of 4-5 cm.

Methods for laying basement floors

For a wooden plinth structure, a cranial block is required. It will allow you to insulate the floor. After all, it is on this that the panels or board covering the insulation are mounted.

The more popular option is a rough layer of rolled or unedged boards. The material is mounted on wooden block with a square cross-section and a side of 5 or 4 cm. It is best to attach the cranial beam to the logs with self-tapping screws, but you can also use nails.

Advice! You can attach the board not to the skull block, but to a groove (quarter). It needs to be cut with chisels or power tools. It will take longer.

The subfloor of the basement is insulated with bulk materials, including sand. Antiseptic-impregnated sawdust or mineral wool from 10 cm in thickness. To protect wood structures, a waterproofing layer is laid underneath. The most practical option is bitumen roll materials. For rooms in contact with moisture, waterproofing is also installed on top.

Insulation and sound insulation

The thermal insulation layer is very important in the design of the ceiling: it performs the function of sound insulation. Therefore, modern synthetic and mineral insulation is used for its arrangement. They are not susceptible to bacteria and fungi, so they have a longer service life.

Mineral wool is very popular. However, some rolled materials are contraindicated for baths and saunas. It is not recommended to use slag wool in such rooms, as it contains suspended metals. These particles rust from moisture, and the cotton wool sags, losing its properties.

Most often in rooms with normal humidity Roofing felt is used for waterproofing. Bituminous materials have low cost and excellent performance characteristics. Thick polyethylene is laid on top of the roofing material.

Thermal insulation material is mounted on top of the film. It is very important that there are no gaps between the layers of cotton wool or polystyrene foam, otherwise the room will have low heat and sound insulation. If foam-based board insulation is used, the cracks are sealed with polyurethane foam.

By installing the floor of the second and first floors on wooden beams, you can save a lot. Similar designs will cost several times less than concrete, and you can handle the installation yourself.

During work, you should follow certain rules. For example, it is necessary to use beams of a certain section, and the pitch must be adjusted taking into account the floor area.

Floor insulation is an important component of the thermal insulation of a house if there is unheated attic(attics) or cellars. Its other task is to reduce the level of drums and air noise. It can be done from the side of the living room or the “cold” room. When deciding how to insulate an interfloor ceiling, it is also important to take into account the design and room features (temperature and humidity conditions), and the maximum permissible increase in floor level.

In private buildings, interfloor structures are made of reinforced concrete slabs or wooden beams. Moreover, due to the ease of installation and low cost, the second option is much more popular. However, in both cases, additional interfloor insulation is required to ensure a decent level of thermal insulation.

The main purpose of the work depends on the location of the floor slab:

• first floor floor– separates the living space and the unheated cellar. When deciding which insulation to choose, it is important to remember that it must serve as a sealant and prevent moisture and cold from penetrating from below;
• between residential floors – the main role is to reduce noise levels;
• between the attic (unheated attic) and the living room– must prevent loss of radiant energy.

Experts recommend insulating floors from the floor or ceiling. The first option is simpler and allows the installation of almost any thermal insulation option. In the case of work in a residential area, the second one is easier to carry out at the construction or renovation stage. In addition, strengthening the insulation on the ceiling is not always convenient. In this case, only plates or sprayed compounds can be used.

Most often, slab, bulk or sprayed (liquid) material is used as insulation for ceilings. Leading manufacturers also offer modern solution– insulating self-leveling floor.

The most common types of slab insulation include:

• mineral (basalt) wool– non-flammable, easy to install, inexpensive. It can muffle almost all noise. But mineral wool is sensitive to moisture (when wet, it loses its thermal performance). Also, when cutting and laying, dust may be released, which causes itching and irritation of the mucous membranes, so you should work in a respirator and special clothing;
• polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam– has good characteristics at a low price. It is resistant to moisture, microorganisms (fungi, mold), and many chemicals. Foam plastic is simply cut with a handy tool. Its disadvantage is fragility, low mechanical strength;
• EPPS is an improved version of polystyrene foam, characterized by greater density and strength. It also has a higher thermal insulation rating for the same thickness. The disadvantages include not the best soundproofing characteristics.

Self-leveling floor technology

A modern solution for how to insulate an interfloor ceiling can be the installation of a heated self-leveling floor. The advantages of this option include:

• versatility - it is possible to insulate interfloor ceilings made of wood or reinforced concrete;
• obtaining a smooth surface without seams, which is ready for laying decorative coverings;
• good heat and sound insulation properties;
• non-flammability;
• performing filling in a short time;
• fast hardening;
• resistance to deformation - compression, tension, bending;
• stability of geometry during operation.

Among the disadvantages of insulating heated floors, it is worth noting the relatively high cost and complexity self-application. To obtain a high-quality result, it is better to involve specialists in the work. Also, its thermal insulation performance is slightly lower than that of other materials.

To insulate floors between floors using self-leveling floor technology, complex preparatory work. It is enough to remove all unnecessary elements, debris and dirt from the reinforced concrete surface. If there are peeling areas, it is better to remove them. To avoid overuse of the composition, it is important to take care in advance about eliminating any cracks, seams, etc. on the base. wooden covering There should be no loose or loose floorboards.

Application of the compositions is allowed only on a dry surface. For better adhesion (adhesion) of the heated floor to the reinforced concrete base, it is recommended to carry out preliminary priming.

On wooden beam floor To avoid moisture accumulation inside the structure, special lining paper is used as a separating layer.

If the insulation characteristics of the self-leveling material are not enough, then it can be combined with tiled thermal insulation for floors (expanded polystyrene). In this case, the seams between the insulation mats must be additionally insulated. When laying a heated floor on a base in contact with the ground, additional waterproofing may be required. An insulating material is attached to the bottom of the walls. edge tape. To obtain a flat surface, it is recommended to install beacons. Uniform distribution of the composition and removal of air bubbles can be easily achieved using a needle roller.

Bulk material

The most popular bulk insulation materials are expanded clay, perlite, granulated foam, and ecowool. Among the general positive characteristics it should be noted:

• excellent thermal and sound insulation performance;
• light weight;
• resistance to rotting and decomposition.

Insulation of floor slabs between the attic and the first floor is carried out from the floor. The space is covered with waterproofing. A layer will be enough polyethylene film, laid with overlapping sheets of 10 cm. Expanded clay or other material is poured onto it in a layer of up to 20 cm and leveled. In the case of a concrete floor, you can fill it with expanded clay concrete mortar.

The next stage of insulation interfloor ceiling first floor - repeated waterproofing.

In the case of moisture-sensitive materials (expanded clay, sawdust), some experts recommend doing it in two layers: film + roofing felt.

This guarantees protection of the insulation from getting wet. Next, a concrete screed is poured or a subfloor is laid.

Insulation of wooden floors between floors by spraying

Among sprayed insulation materials, polyurethane foam is the most popular. It is different:

• good adhesion to different building materials– wooden structures can be insulated and reinforced concrete beams floors;
• energy efficiency - thermal conductivity coefficient does not exceed 0.035 W/m·K;
• safety in frozen form - does not emit harmful substances, belongs to the group of fire-resistant materials;
• moisture resistance;
• good sound insulation properties;
• strength;
• inertia towards chemicals, fungi and mold;
• long service life.

Spraying polyurethane foam is a simple process, but it requires the use of special equipment and the use of protective clothing and a mask. The preparatory stage includes cleaning and cleaning surfaces. Insulation can be applied from the side of the sheet or the floor. After complete hardening, the polyurethane foam is covered with boards and a facing coating is created.

Conclusion

Proper insulation of interfloor ceilings guarantees reduced waste of energy resources and good sound insulation. The choice of material should be based on the characteristics of the insulated structure, financial capabilities and personal preferences. Compliance with installation technology is no less important.

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