Consider the profitability ratio of sales(ROS). This indicator reflects the efficiency of the enterprise and shows the share (in percent) of net profit in the total revenue of the enterprise. In Western sources, the profitability ratio of sales is called - ROS ( return on sales). Below I will consider the formula for calculating this coefficient, give an example with its calculation for a domestic enterprise, describe the standard and its economic meaning.
Profitability of sales. Economic meaning of the indicator
It is advisable to start the study of any coefficient with its economic meaning. What is this ratio for? It reflects business activity enterprise and determines how effectively the enterprise operates. The return on sales ratio shows how much Money from the sold products is the profit of the enterprise. What is important is not how many products the company sold, but how much net profit it earned net money from these sales.
The profitability ratio of sales describes the effectiveness of the sale of the main products of the enterprise, and also allows you to determine the share of the cost in sales.
Return on sales ratio. Calculation formula
The formula for return on sales by Russian system accounting statement looks like this:
Return on sales ratio = Net profit / Revenue = line 2400 / line 2110
It should be clarified that when calculating the ratio, instead of net profit, the numerator can be used: gross profit, profit before taxes and interest (EBIT), profit before taxes (EBI). Accordingly, the following coefficients will appear:
Gross profit margin on sales = Gross profit/Revenue
Operating profit ratio =EBIT/Revenue
Return on sales ratio for profit before taxes =EBI/Revenue
To avoid confusion, I recommend using the formula, where the numerator is net income (NI, Net Income), because. EBIT is calculated incorrectly based on domestic reporting. It turns out the following formula for Russian reporting:
In foreign sources, the profitability ratio of sales - ROS is calculated by the following formula:
Video lesson: "Sales profitability: calculation formula, example and analysis"
Profitability of sales. An example of a balance sheet calculation for JSC Aeroflot
Let's calculate the return on sales for the Russian company JSC Aeroflot. To do this, I will use the InvestFunds service, which allows you to get financial statements businesses by quarter. Below is the import of data from the service.
Profit and loss statement of JSC Aeroflot. Calculation of the profitability ratio of sales
So, let's calculate the profitability of sales for four periods.
Return on sales ratio 2013-4 =11096946/206277137= 0.05 (5%)
Return on sales ratio 2014-1 = 3029468/46103337 = 0.06 (6%)
Return on sales ratio 2014-2 = 3390710/105675771 = 0.03 (3%)
As you can see, the return on sales slightly increased to 6% in the first quarter of 2014, and in the second quarter it doubled to 3%. However, the profitability is greater than zero.
Let's calculate this coefficient according to IFRS. To do this, we take data on financial statements from the official website of the company.
Aeroflot IFRS report. Calculation of the profitability ratio of sales
For the nine months of 2014, the return on sales ratio of JSC Aeroflot was equal to: ROS=3563/236698=0.01 (1%).
Let's calculate ROS for 9 months of 2013.
ROS=17237/222353=0.07 (7%)
As can be seen, over the year, the ratio deteriorated by 6% from 7% in 2013 to 1% in 2014.
Return on sales ratio. standard
The value of the standard value for this coefficient Kp>0. If the return on sales is less than zero, then it is worth seriously thinking about the effectiveness of enterprise management.
What level of sales profitability ratio is acceptable for Russia?
– mining – 26%
— Agriculture – 11%
– construction – 7%
– wholesale and retail – 8%
If you have a low value of the coefficient, then you should increase the efficiency of enterprise management by increasing the customer base, increasing the turnover of goods, reducing the cost of goods / services from subcontractors.
If you have approached creditors or investors, then you have probably come across such a concept as the profitability of an enterprise. What it is? How is it calculated? What affects this indicator? We will try to answer these questions for you.
What is enterprise profitability?
If we turn to the definition, then profitability is a relative indicator economic efficiency. Profitability is measured as a percentage, and is calculated by dividing the amount of profit by the amount of assets and resources that form it.
So, the profitability of an enterprise is an indicator that illustrates the degree of efficiency in the use of property assets (current and equity) by an enterprise in its activities. main meaning calculation of profitability is to show how much profit is received by the enterprise for each ruble invested in its production assets.
The level of profitability of the company is influenced by many factors: the structure of capital, its sources, the structure and value of assets, the degree of involvement production resources in the activities of the enterprise, the cost of working capital, their sources, the amount of proceeds from sales, the amount of costs incurred during the reporting period.
The formula for calculating the profitability of an enterprise
Rp = B / (average OPF + average OA), where
Rp - profitability of the company;
B - balance sheet profit for the reporting period;
average OPF - the average value of the cost of the main production assets companies for the reporting period;
average OA - the average value of the value of current assets for the reporting period.
Balance sheet profit of the enterprise
This profit is also called accounting profit. In fact, this is the company's profit received at the end of the reporting period, i.e., profit before tax. To obtain this value, it is necessary to subtract the following indicators from the revenue received from the sale of products and services:
Cost of goods, works and services sold;
business expenses;
management expenses.
Do not forget to add to the amount received the profit from operating and non-operating activities. If a loss is received on these types of operations, subtract it from the total amount.
The resulting value will be the company's profit before tax. If you take an accounting statement of profit and loss (form No. 2), then the amount of balance sheet profit can be “peeped” in the line “profit (loss) before tax”.
Average values of working capital and production assets
The average cost of fixed production assets is determined quite in a simple way. It is necessary to take the value of production assets at the beginning of the reporting period and at the end, add them together and divide by two. We do the same with the definition average cost working capital.
If we take the balance sheet (form No. 1), then we will see the cost of fixed production assets in the line "Fixed assets".
We are looking for the cost of working capital in the same reporting. The values at the beginning and end of the reporting year can be found in the final line of the second section of the document, “Current assets”. We also find the average.
We substitute everything into the formula and find the profitability of the company. Let's give an example!
An example of calculating the profitability of an enterprise.
The company "Omega" in 2011 received 20 thousand rubles of total profits subject to income tax. At the same time, the value of its fixed assets at the beginning of the year amounted to 5,300, and at the end - 10,200 rubles. The result for the second section of the balance sheet "Current assets" as of January 1, 2011 amounted to 30,800, and at the end of 2011 - 30,500 rubles. Let's find the profitability of the enterprise.
The average OPF will be equal to: (5,300 + 10,200) / 2 = 7,750 rubles.
Average OA: (30,800 + 30,500) / 2 = 30,650 rubles.
The profitability of the enterprise will be: * 100% = 52%
52% profitability is a good result for the company. But for an accurate analysis of the profitability of an enterprise, it is better to compare its indicators in dynamics. If there is an increase in profitability, it can be argued that the ongoing management policy of the management is effective and leads the company to well-being. If there is a decline in the indicator, it is worth looking for the reasons for the decrease in the profitability of your activity.
The enterprise must be profitable - it is for this purpose, to be profitable, that it is created. We hope that our information will help you easily carry out the relevant economic analysis activities of your company.
To determine the profitability of a business, the best option will be the calculation profitability on a special formula. You can find out what types of it are, how to correctly determine the indicators and why you need it, from this article.
Content
1. Definition of profitability
To correctly calculate the main economic indicators of the organization, you need to understand. This definition comes from the German word "rentabel", which means utility, profitability or profitability.
Profitability is a relative indicator of economic efficiency, in other words, this is the value of the profitability / profitability of a particular enterprise or production process.
The definition can express the share of profit from each unit of funds invested in production, or each monetary unit obtained as a result of the work of the company. This value is calculated in two possible variations - in numerical format or as a percentage.
Note! The overall efficiency of the enterprise is influenced by multiple factors, taking into account the unprofitability / profitability of all industrial processes, return on assets, production, product quality, general market demand on products, competitor prices and other external criteria.
2. Main types of profitability
The performance indicators of the company vary significantly for individual lines of business, so it cannot be said unequivocally. There are several basic numerical expressions for the profitability of an organization:
- The overall profitability of assets - shows the ability of the company's assets to generate profit. Numerical/percentage data reflects how much profit falls on each monetary unit invested in property.
- Return on equity - is the main financial criterion for the owner or investor of the company, thanks to the calculation of the data, it is possible to determine how efficiently the capital invested in the business was used.
- Production efficiency - evaluates how productively property resources are used in the course of production activities, i.e. fixed and working capital of the company.
- Profitability of products - reflects the effectiveness of its implementation. This is a numerical expression of the ratio of income from the sale of goods to the costs of their production and sale. In addition to the overall profitability of products, the profitability of individual divisions or the profit from the production of special types of goods is often calculated.
3. Profitability - calculation formulas
Return on assets
Profitability assets is calculated according to formula the ratio of the organization's profit received for a certain period to the value of the assets themselves assessed for the same period:
— IMPORTANT! The total amount of assets is taken into account, taking into account not only own, but also borrowed funds (accounts receivable, credit obligations, etc.).
Separately, we can distinguish the following isolated indicators of profitability:
- fixed production assets:
- total capital:
- IMPORTANT! Depending on the goals pursued, the total amount of capital is selected, or the indicators of the authorized / additional capital separately.
Profitability of production
Formula profitability production is the ratio of profit from goods sold to the total cost of basic and revolving funds organizations:
Product profitability
The calculation of the profitability of products is the ratio of income from sales to the cost (production and sales costs) of manufactured goods:
Cost price - the total amount of costs for the production and sale of goods for the specified period.
What is return on sales
A separate indicator of the effectiveness of the company's activities is the profitability of sales, showing the operational efficiency of the company in the market of goods and services.
So sales? it economic indicator, reflecting the income from each monetary unit received in the process of selling products. In other words, the coefficient return on sales shows the share of profit in the total volume of goods sold.
- operating (net) profit - income remaining after taxation;
- sales volume - the proceeds received by the enterprise for the sale of products, in monetary terms.
How to increase sales profitability
The main criterion for the economic stability of any enterprise is the ratio of the level of net profit to the volume of goods sold, which is why the main task a good leader It is considered to maximize and regularly improve the firm's sales profitability. This can be achieved in several ways:
- raise prices for the offered goods, but this method is acceptable only for monopoly companies, otherwise competitors will attract most of your regular customers due to more affordable prices;
- introduce exclusive models - typical products are in demand, but having special products in the arsenal, you can make a splash in the service market, in addition, the company will be recognized by the individual assortment;
- reduce costs - you can achieve a reduction in production costs by cooperating with suppliers and partners. Even a slight reduction in cost (bulk orders of raw materials, discounts on advertising or transport services) will result in a good increase in profit when selling a large batch of goods.
So, what same such profitability? This is an indicator of the profitability (profitability) of an enterprise, which calculates the efficiency of using the economic, labor, monetary and other resources at the disposal of the company. It is easier to say that profitability is the ratio of the profit received to the resources expended (the ratio of net income and expenses preceding them). To calculate the total profitability of a firm, one needs to complex analysis, taking into account the profitability of assets, equity, production, products and sales.
To analyze and calculate the effectiveness of the enterprise, a wide range of economic and financial indicators. They differ in the complexity of the calculation, the availability of data, and the usefulness for analysis.
Profitability is one of the best performance indicators - ease of calculation, data availability and great usefulness for analysis make this indicator mandatory for calculation.
What is the profitability of the enterprise
Profitability (RO - returnon)- a general indicator of the economic efficiency of the enterprise or the use of capital / resources (material, financial, etc.). This indicator is necessary for the analysis economic activity and for comparison with other enterprises.
Profitability, unlike profit, is a relative indicator, so the profitability of several enterprises can be compared with each other.
Profit, revenue and sales volume are absolute indicators or economic effect, and it is incorrect to compare these data of several enterprises, because such a comparison will not show the true state of affairs.
It is possible that an enterprise with a smaller sales volume will be more efficient and sustainable, that is, it will bypass another enterprise in terms of relative performance which is more important. Profitability is also compared to efficiency(efficiency factor).
AT general view profitability shows how many rubles (kopecks) of profit one ruble invested in assets or resources will bring. For the profitability of sales, the formula reads as follows: how many kopecks of profit are contained in one ruble of revenue. Measured as a percentage, this indicator reflects the effectiveness of the activity.
There are several main types of profitability:
- profitability of products / sales (ROTR / ROS - totalrevenue / sale),
- return on cost (ROTC - total cost),
- return on assets (ROA - assets)
- return on investment (ROI - invested capital)
- personnel profitability (ROL – labor)
The universal formula for calculating profitability is as follows:
RO=(Type of profit/Indicator whose profitability needs to be calculated)*100%
In the numerator, the type of profit is most often used profit from sales (from sales) and net profit, but it is possible to calculate , balance sheet profit and . All types of profits can be found in the report on financial results(on profit and loss).
The denominator is the indicator whose profitability needs to be calculated. The indicator is always in value terms. For example, to find the return on sales (ROTR), that is, the denominator should be an indicator of sales in value terms - this is revenue (TR - totalrevenue). Revenue is found as the product of price (P - price) and sales volume (Q - quantity). TR=P*Q.
The formula for calculating the profitability of production
Return on cost (ROTC - returnontotalcost)- one of the main types of profitability required for efficiency analysis. Return on cost is also called the profitability of production, as this indicator reflects the efficiency of the production process.
Profitability of production (cost) is calculated by the following formula:
ROTC=(PR/TC)*100%
In the numerator, profit from sales / sales (PR), which is found as the difference between income (revenue - TR - totalrevenue) and expenses (total cost - TC - totalcost). PR=TR-TC.
In the denominator, the indicator, the profitability of which must be found - total cost(TC). The full cost consists of all the costs of the enterprise: the cost of materials, semi-finished products, the wages of workers and AUP (administrative and managerial personnel), electricity and other housing and communal services, workshop and factory costs, advertising costs, security, etc.
The largest share in the cost is materials, so the main production is called material-intensive.
Profitability of the cost price shows how many kopecks of profit from the sale will bring one ruble invested in the cost of production. Or, measured as a percentage, this indicator reflects the percentage of efficient use of production resources.
Balance sheet profitability formula
Many types of profitability are calculated on the basis of balance sheet data. The balance sheet contains information about the assets, liabilities and equity of the organization.
This form is compiled 2 times a year, that is, the status of any indicator can be viewed at the beginning of the period and at the end of the period. To calculate the profitability from the balance sheet, the following indicators are required:
- assets (current and non-current);
- the amount of own capital;
- investment size;
- and etc.
You can’t just take any of these indicators and calculate the profitability - this is wrong!
In order to correctly calculate the profitability, you need to find the arithmetic mean of the sum of the indicator at the beginning of the current (end of the previous) and the end of the current period.
For example, find the profitability non-current assets. From the balance sheet, the sum of non-current assets at the beginning and end of the period is taken and divided in half.
In the balance sheet of medium-sized enterprises, the value of non-current assets is reflected in line 190 - Total for section I, for small enterprises, the value of non-current assets is the sum of lines 1150 + 1170.
The formula for the profitability of non-current assets is as follows:
ROA (in) \u003d (PR / (VnA np + VnA kp) / 2) * 100%,
where VnA np is the value of non-current assets at the beginning of the current (end of the previous) period, VnA kp is the value of non-current assets at the end of the current period.
The profitability of non-current assets shows how many kopecks of profit from sales will bring one ruble invested in current assets.
An example of calculating the profitability of production
To calculate the profitability of production, the following indicators are required: total cost (TC) and profit from sales (PR). The data are presented in the table.
PR 1 \u003d TR-TC \u003d 1500000-500000 \u003d 1,000,000 rubles
PR 2 \u003d TR-TC \u003d 2400000-1200000 \u003d 1,200,000 rubles
It is obvious that the revenue and profit from the sale of the second enterprise is higher. In terms of absolute indicators, the effect of the second enterprise is higher. But does this mean that the second enterprise is more efficient? To answer this question, production is needed.
ROTC 1 =(PR/TC)*100%=(1000000/500000)*100%=200%
ROTC 2 =(PR/TC)*100%=(1200000/1200000)*100%=100%
The profitability of the production of the first enterprise is 2 times higher than the profitability of the production of the second enterprise. We can confidently say that the production of the first enterprise is 2 times more efficient than that of the second.
Profitability, as an indicator of the effectiveness of the enterprise, more accurately reflects the real state of affairs in production, sales or investment of the enterprise, allowing you to correctly respond to the current situation, in contrast to the use of absolute indicators that do not give a complete picture.
Video about what shows profitability:
Profitability- characteristic financial condition company, which allows to evaluate the ability to make a profit on the invested funds. Profitability is calculated as profit per unit of invested funds.
Profitability is a general indicator of the enterprise's activity in terms of the ratio of costs and results. The final result is influenced by two components: internal organizational and economic factors and external market conditions. The first component includes changes in labor productivity, specifications production, the method of its organization, that is, everything that depends on the enterprise itself. The second component includes, on the one hand, resource prices ( labor force, raw materials, materials, fuel, energy, etc.) that the company uses to produce / sell the product, and on the other hand, the prices for the manufactured / purchased product, which may vary from the ratio of supply and demand in the market.
When analyzing the cost of manufactured / sold products in current year it is necessary to take into account both the change in the volume of growth in manufactured / sold products, and the change in prices for it, as well as the change in the range of products. The costs (production costs) should take into account: changes in production volumes, changes in prices for resources, changes in resource consumption rates for the production of a unit of product and changes in the range of products. As the main indicator of the economic efficiency of current costs (resource consumption), you can use the indicator of costs per 1 ruble. manufactured or sold products.
As factors influencing the level and dynamics of the cost indicator, private indicators of the use (application) of living labor resources and means of labor can also be singled out. The growth and development of the enterprise are closely related to the development and implementation of the strategy and tactics of managing the process of formation, increase and distribution of profitability.
The growth of the profitability of the enterprise is facilitated by the manipulation of three key indicators: the acceleration of turnover, a decrease in the mass of costs, an increase in the rate of return by raising prices. In the Western market, it is believed that the long-term profitability of companies depends on a much larger number of factors (more than 30) that characterize the state of the competitive situation, the situation on the manufacturer's market, the current economic situation, etc. Therefore, it is important in the process of profitability analysis not to lose sight of a number of other important factors: capital intensity, the relative quality of products (services), the company's market share, and labor productivity.
There is a close relationship between the goals of enterprise development and the factors that determine them. If the goal is to meet the need for savings for productive development, then the most important factors the structure of sales of goods and services, the level of trade margins, sales prices, the volume, structure and efficiency of the use of resource potential, the size of profitability act. If the goal is to ensure the sustainable position of the enterprise, then it is achieved on the basis of ensuring sustainable relationship with suppliers, banks and other counterparties (number of goods sold, unit price of goods) and sufficient profitability. If the goal is to satisfy the interests of the owner of the property, then the most important factors ensuring its achievement are the volume of own and borrowed working capital and the efficiency of their use, as well as the amount of profitability.
If an enterprise determines the provision of social consumption and social development collective, then the main factors that should be used to achieve it are distribution costs, the number and composition of the labor resources used, measures state regulation(norms and standards for contributions to various social protection funds, minimum wage, minimum subsistence level, etc.), level of profitability.
All of the above goals and factors are themselves closely interconnected. It is important that all activities carried out by the enterprise to increase profitability (using all opportunities) contribute to the achievement of the most important goals of the enterprise's development. When analyzing profitability, the following coefficients are calculated:
. Profitability of implementation is the ratio of profit from sales to the amount of revenue from sales for the period.
- profit from sales for the period = line 050 of Form No. 2,
- the amount of proceeds from sales for the period = line 010 of Form No. 2,
- the sum of the cost for the period = line 020 of Form No. 2.
Standard for trade:- 0 - 0.3
Standard for industry: - 0 - 0.4
When analyzing profitability ratios, it is necessary to analyze the structure proceeds organizations and prime cost her products. The amount of revenue is influenced by objective and subjective factors.
Objective are divided into internal and external. Internal - this is the volume of production, the level of costs, product quality, the rhythm of release, the assortment (in production), the rhythm of shipment, the timely execution of documents, the optimal forms of payment (in circulation). External - the situation on the market of raw materials, materials, semi-finished products, the volume of production in its competence, quality compared to analogues of other enterprises, the rhythm of deliveries (in production), the timing of document circulation, compliance with the terms of contracts, the optimal form of payment (in the sphere of circulation). In addition, there may be additional costs caused by: delays in the delivery of materials and other resources, errors in transport support, late payment.
Subjective factors include: moral factors, the political situation in the market, the field of activity and advertising ordered from the right agency - advertising-code.rf. As a rule, the proceeds from the sale of products are based on the volume of sales of products based on prices excluding VAT, excises, trade and sales discounts, excluding customs duties and tariffs.
The costs of production and sale of products consist of the cost of raw materials, materials, energy, fixed assets, labor resources, other operating costs, and non-production costs used in the production of products. The costs of production and sales of products are combined into five groups: material costs, labor costs, social contributions, depreciation of fixed assets and other costs.
. Return on assets is the ratio of net profit for the period to the value of assets for the period.
For the calculation, indicators are used:
- net profit for the period = line 190 of Form No. 2,
- assets for the period (balance sheet currency) = line 300 of Form No. 2.
Return on assets measures the ability of a company's assets to generate profit. In other words, it is an indicator of the profitability and performance of the company, cleared of the influence of the amount of borrowed funds. In addition, the return on assets (capital) shows the efficiency of the use of all property of the enterprise. The decrease indicates a falling demand for the company's products and an overaccumulation of assets.
Standard for trade - 0 - 0.05
Standard for industry - 0 - 0.1
. Return on current assets is the ratio of net profit for the period to current assets for the period.
This indicator reflects the efficiency of using the company's current assets and shows how much profit the company receives from each ruble invested in the company's current assets. Demonstrates the ability of the enterprise to provide a sufficient amount of profit in relation to the used working capital companies. The higher the value of this ratio, the more efficiently working capital is used.
Standard for trading - 0 - 0.08
. ROI is the ratio of net profit for the period to equity and long-term liabilities for the period.
For calculation is used:
- average value of own funds and long-term liabilities according to data for the period = Own funds (line 490 of Form No. 1) + Long-term liabilities (line 590 of Form No. 1) for the period.
Standard for trade - 0 - 0.07
Standard for industry - 0 - 0.16
. Return on equity(equity) is the ratio of net profit for the period to equity for the period. Shows the return on shareholder investment, in terms of accounting earnings.
Standard for trade - 0 - 0.06
Standard for industry - 0 - 0.2
Comments
At present, the question remains which indicators to take into account the profitability from sales - revenue or cost, net profit or revenue. If we proceed from the fact that the profitability threshold (Break-even Point) is the volume of operations at which total income is equal to total costs, i.e. this is the point of zero profit or zero losses, and the profit is already included in the sales proceeds, it is advisable to consider the profitability from the sale as the ratio of the profit from the sale not to the revenue, but to the cost, in order to avoid underestimating the profitability indicators. In addition, it is advisable to include in the calculation not net profit, but profit after taxation, since net profit can include profit not only from core activities, but also from non-operating and operating ones.
Example
Initial data:
Revenue = 100 million rubles.
Cost price = 70 million rubles.
Selling expenses = RUB 1.2 million
Calculation:
Profit from sales \u003d 100-70-1.2 \u003d 28.8 million rubles.
Return on sales \u003d Profit / Revenue \u003d 28.8 / 100 \u003d 0.288 \u003d 28.8%.
Return on sales = Profit / Cost = 28,8/70 = 0,41 = 41%.
As can be seen from the example, in the first case, the profitability is lower than in the second, since the proceeds already include profit from sales.
Profitability calculation deserves special attention in Russian conditions. Due to the high income tax rate (as of September 1, 2009, income tax is 20%), taxpayers are engaged in tax optimization. In addition, in some cases, profits increase due to unreasonable price increases. As a result, it is not possible to evaluate the performance of a borrower solely on the basis of what the profitability shows. Additional performance indicators for the organization are discussed below.
To assess the profitability of a company, it is advisable:
- track the dynamics of the cost/revenue ratio;
- analyze how the net profit was received (at the expense of core activities or at the expense of other income);
- analyze the structure of management, commercial, operating, non-operating and other expenses;
- compare revenue with credit turnover on account 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers” and receipts on account 51;
- clear revenue from the share of offsets when calculating profitability from sales;
- to analyze, due to which there is a decrease / increase in profitability from sales. Too high profitability of sales may arise due to a large margin on the product / service or the establishment of an unreasonable high price goods, which is a negative factor in assessing the payment risk. The increase in profitability of sales is a consequence of the increase in prices with fixed costs to produce sold products or reduce production costs at constant prices.
The decrease indicates a decrease in prices at constant production costs or an increase in production costs at constant prices, i.e., a decrease in demand for the company's products.
Profitability calculation example
How to determine how profitable a business is? First, you need to understand that if a company does not operate in industries such as gas, oil, gems or the construction of business centers, the profitability will be in the range of 15 to 35% per annum.
An industry such as trucking is, in principle, subject to “losses”. Trading companies receive a margin of 10-15%. Production also does not skim big cream - up to 25% per annum.
Let's give an example of calculating the profitability of a company that is engaged in timber processing, namely, the production of boards.
Let's start by dividing costs into fixed and variable costs. Next, we define maximum power equipment, number of shifts and workers. We consider the costs of production capacities:
One shift - 8 hours - 15 people.
The cost of 1 cu. raw materials - 6 thousand rubles.
Power sawing machine- 3000 cubic meters / month, of which 50% is waste. From 3000 cu. it turns out 1500 cubic meters / month. finished raw materials.
Drying capacity - 750 cubic meters / month. Drying cycle 14 days. Total 1500 cubic meters / month.
The selling price is for 1 cubic meter. dried board 15 thousand rubles.
Expenses:
|
Purchase of raw materials |
variables |
6 000 * 3 000 = 18 000 000 |
Based on the maximum load |
|
Office rent |
permanent |
||
|
Base rental |
permanent |
||
|
permanent |
With a piecework system, wages are calculated based on the load. Including the "gray" salary. |
||
|
Taxes from the minimum wage fund (10 tr. per month) |
permanent |
10 000*43%*15=64 500 |
13% - income tax |
|
Communications |
variables |
Based on the maximum load |
|
|
permanent |
Settlement and cash services |
||
|
Sharpening cutters |
variables |
||
|
Spare cutters |
permanent |
||
|
variables |
For 1500 cu. |
||
|
permanent |
|||
|
TOTAL |
18 754 500 |
Income:
1500 * 15,000 = 22,500,000.00 rubles
Net profit:
22,500,000- 18,754,500=3,745,500 rubles - 749,100 (20% income tax) = 2,996,400 rubles.
Profitability:
2 996 400/18 754 500 = 16%
When calculating profitability, one should not forget about the influence of seasonality factors, reduced demand, equipment downtime, and defects.