Scheme of local sewerage in a private house. Do-it-yourself sewer installation in a private house

If desired, even a private house in rural areas can be arranged. The first thing a suburban resident faces is the lack of a warm toilet in the house. Without sewerage, a person is deprived of many amenities. This is not a luxury, it is a necessity. Laying a sewer system in a private house is a complex process that requires taking into account every detail. How to do this?

External and internal

Work related to the installation of a sewer system in a private house begins with the design of the internal and In the first case, the installation of a drain pipe, a riser, as well as pipe distribution to all rooms where it is required is required: kitchen, toilet, bathroom, and so on. As for the external system, this is everything that is located outside the house. Its arrangement requires connecting pipes to the septic tank. You can also connect the sewer system to a deep cleaning station.

The task is greatly simplified if it is possible to discharge wastewater into a centralized system. If the house is located in an isolated area, then you should create a system with a homemade septic tank. It can be with or cumulative. A cesspool is not suitable in this case.

Layout diagram in a private house

Before starting work, you should draw up a plan for laying pipes inside a private house. The process is greatly simplified if all wet rooms are located in close proximity. The scheme is drawn up strictly individually. In the process, you should take into account all the features of the house and the location of the premises. Ready option can look anything.

When designing a sewer system inside a house, it is necessary to accurately calculate the location of the collector pipe. Only after this can you determine where the remaining parts of the system will be laid.

How to make the right diagram

The scheme for laying a sewer system in a private house is an important stage. The quality of the system and its reliability depend on how well the plan is drawn up. Stages of drawing up a diagram:

On a piece of paper, preferably in a box, you need to recreate the house plan. When drawing up a plan, it is worth considering the scale.
Then you need to decide on the location of the riser or collector pipe.
At all levels of the building, the location of plumbing fixtures must be noted. At this stage, you should learn about how to connect it.
From the plumbing it is necessary to lay pipes on paper to the riser. In this case, all connecting elements, tees, bends and corners should be taken into account.
It is necessary to measure the length of each element of the internal system and summarize the data. The result will be required amount pipes In this case, the diameter of the material must be taken into account.

The final stage is drawing up a diagram of the external system: releasing pipes and laying them to the septic tank. In this case, it is necessary to take into account all the requirements specified in SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02, as well as SNiP 2.04.03-85.

What to consider when arranging the internal system

Pad internal sewerage in a private house it begins after drawing up a rough diagram. At this stage, several nuances should be taken into account:

To drain wastewater from the toilet, pipes with a diameter of 10-11 cm are required. Their total length must be at least 100 centimeters.
For gray drains that enter the common riser from the kitchen and bathroom, pipes made of PP or PVC are required. The diameter of the material should be 5 centimeters.
To arrange turns in the system, it is necessary to use several plastic elbows made at an angle of 45°. This allows you to reduce the risk of blockages during sewer use.
It is best to use polypropylene for arranging sewage systems inside the house. This material is more durable, reliable and relatively inexpensive. When using such pipes, laying sewerage in a private house is simplified.

Choosing pipes

Laying a sewer system in a private house requires careful preparation. After drawing up the scheme and carrying out necessary calculations, purchase of materials required. Pipes are used for wiring inside the house gray. To install an external system, orange-colored pipes are required. The difference in color can be explained based on logic. Orange hues are best seen in the ground. In addition, pipes have differences in properties. First of all, this concerns the material. Pipes located underground must withstand more severe loads. The material for their manufacture must be more rigid.

To ensure successful installation of sewerage in a private house with your own hands, you can use double-layer corrugated pipes. But, as practice shows, their use is often inappropriate. After all, the depth of sewerage in a private house is from 2 to 3 meters. It is much cheaper and no less effective to use orange pipes. Most often, a material with a diameter of 11 centimeters is used for arranging the external system. This is quite enough for normal wastewater drainage.

How to lay pipes? It's simple!

Laying a sewer system in a private house with your own hands requires certain skills and patience. The most difficult stage is the placement of pipes and their fastening. It is almost impossible to do this alone. Therefore, you will need an assistant for the job. This will not only speed up the process, but also improve quality.

The simplest option for laying sewerage is to use PVC or PP pipes. A fairly wide range of such products is produced. If necessary, you can purchase material of the required diameter, tees, elbows and revisions. It is worth noting that each part is equipped with a special rubberized insert - a cuff. Thanks to this element, laying a sewer system in a private house takes little time. The joints are connected easily and securely. If desired, you can process the seams additionally. Silicone-based plumbing sealant is suitable for this.

Things to consider

When laying pipes, it is necessary to take into account some nuances:

If pipes run through walls or ceilings, they must be placed in special sleeves that reduce the load on parts of the system.
The slope of the sewer system elements depends on their diameter and is prescribed in SNiP 2.04.03-85. For example, for a material whose diameter is 5 centimeters, this figure should be 3 cm/m, and for a diameter of 10 to 11 centimeters - 2 cm/m.

Sewer outlet installation

If a problem arises and the internal system does not correspond to the external one, then the laying of sewer pipes in a private house should begin with the outlet. This is the border zone between systems. At this point, the riser is connected to a pipe leading to a wastewater collection tank.

The outlet must be installed through the foundation wall. The depth of its laying should be below the depth of soil freezing. Otherwise in winter period Difficulties may arise during the operation of the sewerage system. If the outlet hole was not specified during the construction of the building, then it will have to be punched. Its diameter must correspond to the dimensions of the pipe located in the sleeve. The latter should be longer than the hole. At each edge, the sleeve should cover the pipe by more than 15 centimeters. These are the basic requirements for sewerage release.

Installation of the riser and further wiring

The size of the pipe from the riser to the toilet should be 1000 mm. This allows you to determine its location. It is better to install the riser in the toilet itself. The installation can be hidden or open. It all depends on where the pipe will be installed. You can install the riser close to the wall. To do this, you should use pendants and clamps. You can also install the pipe in a niche, in a channel or in a box.

To connect the riser and other parts of the system, you can use oblique tees. If the pipes are different in diameter, then adapters should be used to connect them. They allow you to avoid using sealant. In those places where there is an intersection of elements coming from the shower, sink or bathtub, it is necessary to install a collector pipe. Its diameter should be from 10 to 11 centimeters. Don't forget about water seals. These elements do not allow unpleasant odors to penetrate into the living space.

On each floor, a revision is installed in the riser - a kind of tee designed to clear the system in case of severe blockage.

What is a fan pipe

By following the rules for laying sewer systems in a private house, you can easily create external and internal system. In addition to installing the riser, a drain pipe is also required. This is its continuation, which is displayed on the roof of the house. This part is installed on the riser. A revision is installed at the connection point. After this, the vent pipe is led into the attic at an angle. Do not connect it to the building ventilation system or chimney.

Types of septic tanks

Pad external sewerage in a private house - this is no less important stage than installing the internal system. If the arrangement is incorrect, problems may arise not only with comfort, but also with environmentalists. One mistake can turn your drain into a big, smelly problem that will take a lot of time and money to fix.

You should start with the installation of a septic tank. Settlement type structures are most often used. This is a container or a combination of them through which wastewater passes. Gradually they are cleared. This occurs due to the precipitation of heavy inclusions. Afterwards, the wastewater undergoes additional purification in a filtration well or in the field. In this case, both mechanical and biological cleaning methods are used.

There is another, simpler type of septic tank - storage. In this case, a closed container of sufficiently large volume is installed. All waste is collected in it. To empty such a septic tank, sewer pumping is required, which is carried out. This method of arranging an external system is easier to implement. Plus it's cheaper.

How to calculate the required volume

Calculating the dimensions is not that difficult. The volume is determined based on settling for 3 days. In this case, the average consumption per person per day is 200 liters. If desired, this indicator can be calculated individually. If two people live in a house on a permanent basis, then the volume of the septic tank should be:

2 x 200 x 3 = 1200 liters or 1.2 cubic meters.

Stages of installation of an external system

Sewerage installation in a private house does not end after complete installation internal system. After all, the arrangement of the external part is required. Stages of arranging an external system:

First you need to prepare the materials: a ready-made container of the required volume made of PP or a ring made of reinforced concrete. If desired, you can lay it out of brick or fill it with a monolith.
The next step is to determine a suitable wastewater treatment method.
Afterwards, excavation work is carried out: a pit is dug for the container and trenches for laying pipes.
All structural elements must be connected. At the same time, do not forget about comfortable septic tank maintenance.
Pipes should be installed at a certain slope. This indicator should be 2 cm/m. The joints must be sealed.
The septic tank should be equipped with a ventilation system.
After carrying out work on the heat and waterproofing of individual fragments of the system, you can fill the structure with soil.

When placing a septic tank, it is worth considering the location of buildings on personal plot. You should not place a waste container near a recreation area or playground.

In conclusion

Now you know how to sewer a private house. If you follow all the rules, you will get a reliable system. Before starting to operate the sewer, it is worth running it. To do this, the system must be flushed with clean water. This will allow you to identify all the shortcomings and correct them. Only after this can the operation of the sewer system begin.

In fact, the process of installing individual fragments is not particularly difficult. The main thing is to avoid mistakes when drawing up a sewerage diagram, and also to make the correct slope of the pipes. Otherwise, the system will not function normally.

How to properly install a sewer system in a private home so that it lasts for many years? It is advisable to involve professionals in this matter, but if you have some skills, you can do everything yourself. Also, despite the fact that the basic requirements for the sewer system are individual, specialists must be involved in its design. Only compliance with all technological and technical standards will provide a private home with high-quality drainage.

What does the sewer system consist of?

How to install a sewer system in a private house, taking into account all the requirements of regulatory documents in the construction industry? For a one-story or two-story building, it is necessary to manufacture a system that will consist of the following components:

Ready-made or homemade septic tank (cesspool). Designed for storing and filtering wastewater. It is installed outside the home and has a rather complex layout.
Pipes for laying external sewerage. Any home septic tank must be connected to the building, which is done using these elements. Such pipes withstand temperature changes well and are characterized by increased strength and wear resistance, which allows them not to collapse under water and soil pressure.
Pipes and fittings for internal sewerage wiring. Consists of elements having a diameter from 40 to 110 mm. Fittings are also necessary for arranging sewerage in a house, since they are used to create bends, revisions and turns.
Thermal insulation for pipes. Installing a sewer system in a private house with your own hands is impossible without modern insulation materials. They are used to insulate pipes, which prevents them from freezing. Installation of pipe thermal insulation should be carried out not only outside the building, but also inside unheated rooms(basement, ground part of the building).

Types of septic tanks

When installing sewerage for country house, what to choose as a septic tank? There are many options for the design of this element of the system.

Cesspool without bottom

Sewage system in country house using a cesspool has its advantages:

low cost. A cesspool is a kind of well that has no bottom. Its walls can be made of monolithic or prefabricated reinforced concrete, brick;
simple operating principle. After sewage enters the cesspool pure water seeps into the soil, and solid waste settles at the bottom;
no difficulties during installation of the structure. There is no need to carry out extensive excavation work.

The disadvantages of this design diagram They say that it is suitable only for those houses where the average daily volume of wastewater does not exceed 1 cubic meter. m. Otherwise, the surrounding soil and groundwater will become polluted household waste.

Hermetic tank

Do-it-yourself sewerage for a country house can be formed from large-volume sealed tanks made of plastic, metal or other materials. You can buy them ready-made or make them yourself. In this case, a sewerage project in a private house involves the use of prefabricated ones. The bottom of such a septic tank will be formed from monolithic concrete, and the lid is made of metal.

The disadvantage of this design is that over time the container will fill up. After a certain amount of waste has accumulated, it is necessary to call a special machine that pumps it out. The advantage of a hermetic tank is that it can be used in the presence of a high groundwater level.

Single chamber septic tank

Installation of sewerage in a private house very often occurs using a single-chamber septic tank. It is a cesspool, the bottom of which is filled with 30 cm of crushed stone and sand of the same thickness. The advantage of this design is that water penetrating through the so-called “filtration field” is purified by approximately 50%.

Two-chamber septic tank

How to properly install sewerage to prevent contamination of the site with household waste? In this case, it is recommended to use a system of overflow settling wells.

Such a sewage system in a private house includes two tanks. One of them is hermetic, the other is without a bottom, but sprinkled with a layer of crushed stone and sand.

Waste from the house goes into the first container. After some time they settle there. All solids sink to the bottom of the septic tank, and grease rises to the top. The waste that lies in the middle is relatively clean. They are the ones who end up in a well without a bottom. This happens through a pipe that connects two containers and is placed at a slight slope at 2/3 of the height of the septic tank.

Over time, too much waste accumulates in the first well that needs to be pumped out. This should be done once every 5-6 months.

DIY septic tank

What is the easiest way to make a septic tank?

How can you make a sewer system in a private house with your own hands so that it works as efficiently as possible? First of all, you need to take care of the septic tank. To install a local sewer system in a private home, you should follow these instructions:

Digging a pit. The dug hole should have a size that is slightly larger than the dimensions of the tanks. It is necessary to expect that a layer of crushed stone and sand should be poured onto the bottom of the septic tank, and a clay castle should be installed on the sides. If the sewer system for a country house is intended for a small number of people (1-3), then the pit can be dug manually. Otherwise, it is recommended to use the services of an excavator.
Arrangement of the base. When installing a sewer system in a private house, the bottom of the dug hole must be leveled, then covered with sand and compacted. The area where the first tank (sump tank) will be installed needs to be waterproofed. For this purpose, clay or a concrete disc should be used.
Installation of containers. Sewerage in a private house with your own hands should consist of two separate tanks, which are formed from concrete rings. In order for the system to work effectively, all joints must be sealed. Such a sewerage scheme in a private house will prevent wastewater from entering the soil and groundwater.
Arranging the bottom of containers. This scheme sewerage stipulates that the bottom of the first tank must be sealed. To do this, it is concreted and the top is treated bitumen mastic and lay a layer of roofing material. Also, in order to build an effective sewer system, the bottom of the second well is covered with crushed stone or pebbles.
Overflow design. In order for the sewage system of a country house to work correctly, the installed tanks must be connected to each other by an overflow pipe. It is installed at a distance of 1.5 m from the bottom. A T-fitting is also mounted on the pipe. It allows you to collect the liquid itself, which is separated from organic matter.
Floor installation. To install local sewerage for a private house, reinforced concrete slabs are installed on top of each tank.
Installation of hatches and ventilation. To prevent an unpleasant odor in the area, a ventilation pipe is installed in the ceiling of the tanks. Also, each well is closed with hatches, which must be opened if necessary.

Laying pipes on the street

Should be carried out according to the following scheme:

Digging a trench. A small ditch is made from the septic tank to the house. Its depth should be greater than the freezing depth of the soil (the water pipeline is also laid). When constructing a trench, it is necessary to ensure a slope from the house to the storage tanks for good outflow of liquid (about 2 cm 1 m).
Pipe laying. How to install sewerage in a private house, which pipeline to choose? It is recommended to choose one that has a diameter of at least 110 mm.
Thermal insulation. If the pipes are laid shallow, then freezing can be prevented by insulation.
The final stage. One end of the pipe is inserted through a concrete wall, carefully sealing the joints. Also, in order to install a sewer system in a private house with your own hands, you need to remember to leave a small hole in the foundation or base during its construction. A pipe is inserted through it, after inserting a metal washer.

Internal network rules

The internal network device is considered important stage in the installation of sewerage for a private house, how to do everything correctly? Do-it-yourself sewerage installation in a private house involves the installation of the following structural elements:

riser. This is a central pipe with a diameter of 110 mm, which is installed in a vertical position. It connects all the existing contours in the house together. For a small building, one riser is usually enough;
. Installed on the top of the riser. Such a pipe is necessary for drainage into environment accumulated gases;
main branches. Pipes with a diameter of 50 mm are used to connect plumbing fixtures to the riser. This system does not have forced circulation, therefore, it is necessary to provide for drainage (3 cm by 1 m);
supply pipes. Used to connect device outlets to highways;
revisions. They are a tee, where one outlet is closed by a hatch. Inspections are necessary to carry out repairs and preventative work various kinds. They are usually installed at all turns, branches, at the base and end of the riser.

If you adhere to this scheme for the design of the sewer system, it will work efficiently and without failures.

Living in a private house, you want to create maximum comfort for your family, providing high level life, so it is very important to think in advance about such an important issue as sewerage. You can do sewerage in a private house with your own hands. This article will help you complete all the work correctly, competently and without harm to the environment.

When you independently build a sewer system in a private house, you can save a lot, but it is very important to carry out all the work correctly, in accordance with all the requirements for construction and installation work of this kind.

The choice of sewer system layout should be made in accordance with the layout of a particular house. When planning a house, it is recommended to provide for compact placement of premises for which water supply and drainage will be carried out (showers, bathrooms, laundries, bathrooms, etc.). But the best option would be a placement in which all plumbing equipment will be tied to one pipe (collector), through which wastewater will flow into a cesspool or septic tank.

Experts advise that if you have a large house that has several various rooms with drainage and supply of water located in different parts building, give preference to a sewer system design that will have at least two (and sometimes more) cesspools or septic tanks. In addition, if your house has two or more floors, and bathrooms, toilets and kitchens are located on different floors, then in this case you will need to install risers.

Types of sewerage

All work on constructing a sewer system in a private house with your own hands comes down to the arrangement of external and internal sewage systems. Internal sewerage work includes installation of a drain pipe, riser and pipe distribution to rooms such as a shower room, kitchen, toilet, etc. External or external sewerage includes everything that is located outside the house, that is, a system of pipes running from home to deep cleaning station (quite expensive ready-made solution) or up to homemade septic tank(with a filtering field or cumulative). Of course, if you have the opportunity to connect to centralized system discharge of wastewater, the task will be greatly simplified. But in this article we will consider exactly autonomous system, including effective wastewater treatment in a septic tank, and such a primitive method as a cesspool.

First of all, it is necessary to deal internal circuit. Even at this stage, it is necessary to think about ensuring that all the rooms to which the sewerage system will be connected are located as close as possible to each other, since subsequently this approach will significantly simplify the arrangement of the internal sewerage system. Each house requires an individual sewerage system, which can be very diverse.

In this case, one should take into account the fact that in the toilet, pipes with a diameter of 100-110 mm must be used to drain wastewater. For gray waste that will flow into the sewer from the kitchen or bathroom, you should use PP or PVC pipes s having a diameter of 50 mm. All turns must be made using two plastic elbows bent at an angle of 45 degrees, as this will further minimize the possibility of clogging, which is quite problematic to remove. It is more reliable and cheaper to use polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polypropylene (PP) pipes in the sewerage system, as they are more durable, more reliable and cheaper than cast iron. And besides this, installing an internal sewage system using such pipes is much easier.

First of all, you need to decide where exactly the collector pipe or riser will be located, and only then do further wiring from it.

But before that, you should more accurately understand how you can independently develop a sewerage scheme for your home, because in the future, using this scheme, it will be possible to make a full calculation of everything (plumbing equipment and materials) that you will need to arrange a sewerage system.

You can make a sewerage diagram on a piece of checkered paper, but it is advisable to purchase several sheets of graph paper for this task. In addition, you will need a tape measure, a ruler and a sharp pencil.

For a private house, the sewerage diagram is drawn up in the following sequence:

First you need to draw it to scale. If you don’t know the dimensions of the house, you will have to walk around with a tape measure and measure everything;
Next, you need to decide where the risers will be located;
after this, it is necessary to mark on the plan the locations of plumbing fixtures and decide how they will be connected;
on next stage it is necessary to note the pipes that will go from the fittings and riser to the plumbing fixtures, as well as all connecting elements (tees, bends, etc.);
everything listed above should be done for each floor of your house;
then you need to decide on the dimensions of the fan pipe and riser;
now all that remains is to sum up the length of all the pipes related to the internal sewage system;
the next stage will be the external system, at which it is necessary to draw up a diagram of the external sewerage system, which includes pipes running from the deep treatment station or septic tank to the outlet. Do not forget to take into account all existing SNiPs.

Since the conditions inside and outside the house are very different, the pipes used for these two sewerage schemes are different. Currently, PP and PVC pipes, which have a characteristic gray color, are most often used for laying internal sewerage pipes. For sun loungers and risers, the diameter of such pipes is 110 mm, and for drainage - 40 and 50 mm. But do not forget that these pipes are intended only for internal sewerage, and for external sewerage it is necessary to use other solutions.

Most often, pipes that are laid underground from a deep treatment station or septic tank to discharge are painted in Orange color, which can be explained very simply - the bright orange color is more noticeable in the ground compared to the rest. But pipes for external sewerage differ from others not only in color - they are subject to completely different requirements. Such pipes have greater rigidity, since they will have to withstand significant loads while underground. There are more durable structures, an example of which would be double-layer corrugated pipes. But the depth of laying pipes when constructing a sewerage system for a private house is usually small (most often up to 2 meters), so there is no need to use such pipes. Red pipes most often have a diameter of 110 mm, this should be sufficient to drain wastewater from the house.

Cast iron

Advantages: able to withstand heavy loads, durable and strong.

Flaws: expensive, heavy and fragile, roughness can form on the inside due to corrosion, which can cause a blockage.

Polypropylene

Advantages: lightweight and flexible, making them most popular for indoor sewerage. Can withstand without problems high temperature Wastewater.

Flaws: If used as intended, there are no disadvantages.

Polyvinyl chloride

Advantages: similar to cast iron, inexpensive and lightweight. Most often used for external sewerage.

Flaws: They do not tolerate high temperatures of wastewater and are fragile (they do not bend, but crack).

Pipe laying

Probably the most labor-intensive process When constructing in a private house with your own hands, the wiring and laying of pipes is involved. If you decide to do this work yourself, be sure to call someone for help, as this will affect not only the quality of the work, but also the speed. It is also recommended to first check the tightness of the system by flushing it with clean water, and only then, having made sure that all seams are secure, you can begin full operation.

It was said earlier that the most simple option PP or PVC pipes will be used for sewerage. Currently in the construction market there is a large number of offers of these products, so it will not be difficult for you to find revisions, tees, elbows and plastic pipes that are reliably and easily connected at the joints due to the presence rubber cuffs. If desired, all joints can be additionally treated with a special plumbing sealant. And in those places where labor passes through a wall or ceiling, it is recommended to install a sleeve.

It is also necessary to remember about the slope of the pipes. In accordance with SNiP, in a free-flow system, the angle of inclination of the pipe depends on its diameter. For example, for a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm it is necessary to create a slope of at least 3 cm per meter, and for a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm - at least 2 cm per meter. Do not forget about this, since you will need to place various points in the pipeline on different heights, to ensure the required slope.

In order not to encounter a discrepancy between the internal and external sewerage systems, it is necessary to begin the installation of sewerage in the house from the outlet. The outlet is the boundary part of the sewer system that connects the pipe leading to the septic tank with the pipe that leaves the house (riser).

The outlet must be installed through the foundation at a depth exceeding the soil freezing depth that corresponds to your region. You can install the outlet higher, but to do this you will need to insulate the pipe so that it does not freeze in winter. If this is not done, then there is a high probability that you will only be able to use the toilet in the spring, after the weather warms up.

If this is not taken care of, then you will need to punch a hole in the foundation that will accommodate the outlet pipe with the sleeve. A sleeve is a small piece of pipe whose diameter is larger than that of a sewer pipe (130-160 mm). Such a sleeve should protrude at least 15 cm on both sides of the foundation.

Summarizing the above, we can say that at this stage you need to make a hole in the foundation (if it is not there) and insert a sleeve with a pipe into it. Do not forget that the diameter of the outlet pipe must be no less than the diameter of the riser. And the sleeve is needed in order to set the required slope of the pipe towards the septic tank (2 cm per meter).

It is best to place the riser in the toilet, since the recommended size of the pipe that goes from the toilet to the riser is 100 mm. It can be mounted either openly or hidden, depending on how the pipes will be mounted - in special boxes, walls, channels and niches or next to walls (fastening with pendants, clamps, etc.).

In order to connect sewer pipes with a riser, oblique tees should be used, and at the joints of pipes of different diameters, adapters should be used. Where pipes from sinks, bathtubs and showers intersect, it is necessary to install a collector pipe with a diameter of 100-110 mm. Also, don't forget about water seals, which will help protect your sense of smell from unpleasant odors.

It is imperative to install a special tee (inspection) on each riser, with the help of which it will be possible, if necessary, to clear the blockage. In order to avoid having to carry out sewer cleaning work in the future, it is necessary to install cleaning after each turn.

The removal and installation of the vent pipe takes a very long time. important role, since the fan pipe is needed for:

maintaining atmospheric pressure inside the system so that water hammer and air vacuum do not occur;
increasing the durability of the sewer system;
ventilation of the entire sewage system, which in turn is necessary for efficient work septic tank

A fan pipe is a continuation of the riser, that is, it is a pipe that is led to. Before connecting the fan pipe and the riser, it is necessary to install an inspection. After this, you need to bring the pipe at a convenient angle into the attic.

It is not recommended to simplify the work by combining the drain pipe (sewer ventilation) with the chimney or ventilation of the house. Moreover, it is necessary to locate the exhaust pipe outlet away from windows and balconies, at a distance of at least 4 meters. The height of the indentation from the roof should not be less than 70 cm. In addition, it is necessary to place the sewerage ventilation, chimney and ventilation of the house at different levels.

To summarize all of the above, we can say the following:

at the first stage, you should start drawing up a detailed wiring diagram, minimizing the distance from the plumbing fixtures to the riser as much as possible;
it is necessary to increase the diameter of the pipes that go to the riser as additional devices are connected. The diameter should not be reduced;
need to stick to simple rule: the larger the outlet of the device, the closer it should be to the riser. The toilet should be located closest to the riser;
when installing sewerage in a private house, sharp corners should be excluded, and pipes should be laid with a certain slope;
where blockages may form in the future, cleaning and inspection must be provided in advance;
To ventilate the system, a fan pipe must be present in the wiring diagram.

You can install a sewer system in a private house with your own hands different ways, which will be discussed below. It is very important to choose the right system that will satisfy all your needs.

It is necessary to select a scheme for arranging a sewerage system taking into account certain parameters:

temporary or permanent residence in a house;
the number of people living in the house permanently;
how much water each person uses daily (depending on the availability of a washing machine, washbasin, sink, toilet, shower, bath, etc.);
at what level does groundwater lie?
what size is your site and how much space can be allocated for treatment facilities;
what type and structure of soil;
climatic conditions.

To obtain more detailed information, you should study all relevant sections of SNiP and SanPin.

All sewer systems for a private home can be divided into two types:

storage systems (sealed container for wastewater, cesspool without a bottom);
structures designed for wastewater treatment (aeration tank - septic tank with constant supply air, a septic tank with a biofilter, a septic tank with two or three chambers and a filtration field, a septic tank with two overflowing wells and natural purification, a simple single-chamber septic tank with soil purification).

A cesspool is the most ancient and centuries-tested method of arranging a sewer system. This method had no alternative 50-70 years ago. It is true that in those days people did not use as much water in a private home as they do now.

In essence, a cesspool is a well that has no bottom. In the cesspool, you can make walls from concrete, concrete rings, bricks or other material, and leave soil as the bottom. After wastewater from the house enters the pit, relatively clean water will, being purified, seep into the soil, and solid organic waste and fecal matter will accumulate, settling to the bottom. When over time the well becomes completely filled with solid waste, it will need to be cleaned.

Previously, waterproof walls were not made in the cesspool, so when it was full, it was buried, and another was dug up in another place.

It should be noted that it is possible to install a sewer system in a private house using a cesspool only when the volume of average daily waste does not exceed one cubic meter. Only in this case will soil microorganisms living in the soil and feeding on organic matter be able to process the water that will penetrate through the bottom of the pit into the soil. And if the volume of wastewater exceeds this norm, the water will not receive the necessary purification, which will lead to groundwater contamination. If this happens, then all water sources within a radius of 50 meters will be contaminated. If you add microorganisms to the cesspool, this will reduce the bad smell, which comes from it, and will also speed up the process of water purification. But it's still not worth the risk.

Conclusion. It is worth building a cesspool that does not have a bottom only when people do not live in the house permanently, but visit it several times a week, without using a lot of water. Also, it is worth paying attention to the fact that groundwater must lie at least one meter below the bottom of the pit, otherwise you will not be able to avoid contamination of water sources and soil. The cesspool has the lowest cost, but even despite this, it is currently not popular in cottages and modern country houses.

In this case, it is necessary to install a sealed container near the house into which wastewater will flow from the entire house through pipes. You can purchase a ready-made container in the store, which can be made of metal, plastic or other material. But if you wish, you can make such a container with your own hands from concrete rings. The lid can be made of metal, and the bottom can be made of concrete. The main condition for the construction of a sewer system of this type is complete tightness. For this type of sewerage, you can use pragma corrugated pipes.

Such a container will definitely need to be cleaned when it is completely filled, for which you will have to call a sewer truck, which will cost you from 15 to 30 USD. The required volume of the tank and the frequency of emptying it depend on the volume of wastewater. For example, if four people permanently live in a house and use a washing machine, toilet, sink, shower and bathtub, then the storage tank must have a volume of at least 8 cubic meters, and it will need to be cleaned every 10-14 days.

Conclusion. If the groundwater in your area is quite high, then as an option for arranging a sewage system at home, you can use a sealed cesspool. With its help, you can completely protect water sources and soil from possible contamination. But the downside of such a system is that you will need to call the sewer truck quite often. For the same reason, it is necessary to think in advance about the place where the pit will be placed so that there is convenient access to it. The bottom of the container or pit should not be deeper than three meters from the soil surface, otherwise the hose will not be able to reach the bottom. The lid of the storage tank must be insulated so that the pipeline is protected from freezing. The cost of such a container will directly depend on its volume and the material from which it will be made. Using used Eurocubes will be the cheapest option, and the most expensive is brick or concrete pouring. Also, do not forget about the monthly costs of cleaning the container.

The simplest option for soil cleaning is a single-chamber septic tank

A single-chamber septic tank is not very different from a regular cesspool, and sometimes it is called that. This structure is essentially a well, in which the bottom is covered with a small layer of crushed stone (at least 30 cm), and coarse sand is covered with the same layer on top of the crushed stone. In this case, wastewater from the house flows through pipes into the well, where the water then seeps through sand, crushed stone and soil, being purified by 50%. Of course, crushed stone and sand significantly improve the quality of water purification, but this does not fundamentally solve the problem.

Conclusion. It is not recommended to build a sewer system in a private house using a single-chamber septic tank if people live in the house permanently or large volume Wastewater. This option can only be used with low level groundwater and temporary residence. It will also be necessary to periodically change crushed stone and sand, as they will silt.

The construction of filter wells and overflow settling wells is a fairly popular way of arranging a sewer system in a private home; moreover, this option is quite economical and can be installed independently.

This sewer system consists of two wells: the first well has a sealed bottom, and the second has no bottom, but is sprinkled with crushed stone and sand.

From the house, wastewater flows into the first well, in which feces and solid waste sink to the bottom, and fatty waste floats to the surface. Between these two layers, relatively clear water is formed. The first well is connected to the second at about 2/3 of its height by an overflow pipe, which is located at a slight slope, allowing water to flow there freely. The second well receives slightly clarified water, which then seeps through sand, crushed stone and soil, purifying itself even more.

The first well serves as a sump, and the second - a filter well. From time to time, the first well will fill with feces and you will need to call a sewer truck to clean it out. This needs to be done approximately once every six months. In order to reduce the amount of unpleasant odors, you need to add microorganisms that decompose feces to the first well.

The two-chamber described above can be made with your own hands from brick, concrete or concrete rings, or you can purchase a ready-made one from the manufacturer plastic septic tank, in which additional cleaning will be carried out using special microorganisms.

Conclusion. It is worth installing a sewerage system based on two overflow wells in a private house only when, even during a flood, the groundwater level is below one meter from the bottom of the second well. If your site has sandy loam or sandy soil, then this will be an ideal option. But remember that after about five years, the sand and crushed stone in the second well will need to be replaced.

Soil and biological treatment - septic tank with filtration field

This type of septic tank is made in the form of one container, which is divided into several separate containers connected by pipes, or into 2-3 sections. Usually, if you want to install this type of sewer system, you purchase a ready-made version.

The first container of the septic tank is designed to settle wastewater, as happens in a conventional settling well. Next, the partially clarified water goes through the pipe into the second section or container, where all existing organic residues decompose anaerobic bacteria. After this, the more clarified water flows to the filtration fields.

The filtration field is a fairly large (about 30 sq.m.) underground area where wastewater undergoes soil treatment. In this case, the water is purified by approximately 80%, thanks to large area. If the soil on your site is sandy loam or sandy, then this will be an ideal option, but otherwise you will need to build an artificial filtration field from sand and crushed stone. After the water passes through the filtration field, it is collected in pipelines and sent to wells or drainage ditches. It is not allowed to plant edible vegetables and trees above the filtration field; you can only make a flower bed.

Over time, the filtration field will become silted and will need to be cleaned, or rather replaced with sand and crushed stone. This is a very large amount of work, and your site may suffer.

Conclusion. The construction of a sewer system with a filtration field in a private house is recommended only when the groundwater is at a depth of at least 2.5-3 meters. You also need to remember that there must be a distance of at least 30 meters from the filtration field to residential buildings and water sources.

Using a deep cleaning station, you can perform it in a private home full installation sewerage, even with a fairly high groundwater level.

This station is a container that is divided into 3-4 sections. It is best to purchase it from a trusted manufacturer, checking with professionals in advance about the necessary equipment and volume. The cost of such a septic tank starts from 1200 USD, which is not cheap at all.

The first chamber of this septic tank is designed to settle water, and in the second, organic residues decompose with the help of anaerobic microorganisms. In the third chamber, water is separated, and in the fourth, organic matter is decomposed with the help of aerobic bacteria, which necessarily require a constant flow of air. To ensure this condition, a pipe is mounted above the chamber, which should rise 50 cm above the ground. A filter is installed in the pipe that leads from the third chamber to the fourth, into which aerobic bacteria are introduced. In fact, this is a filtration field, but it is concentrated and more miniature. Due to the higher concentration of microorganisms and small area water movement, water purification occurs more thoroughly (up to 90-95%). Water purified in this way can be used for washing a car, watering a garden and much more. From the fourth chamber comes a pipe, which is directed either to drainage ditch, or into a storage container.

Conclusion. For a private home where people live permanently, a septic tank with a biofilter is an excellent solution. Adding microorganisms to the septic tank is very simple - you just need to pour them into the toilet. Such a cleaning station has no restrictions. Its advantages include the fact that it does not require electricity to operate. The disadvantage is the fact that this station requires permanent residence, since bacteria deprived of wastewater will simply die. If you add new bacteria there, they will start working only after two weeks.

Artificial treatment station - a septic tank with forced air supply

This is practically an accelerated cleaning station in which natural processes occur artificially. Arranging the sewer system of a private house using an aeration tank is not possible without supplying electricity to the septic tank, which is necessary to connect the air distributor and air pump.

This septic tank has three separate containers or chambers that are connected to each other. Water through the sewer pipe first enters the first chamber, in which it settles and settles into solid waste. Next, the partially clarified water is pumped into the second chamber, which is essentially an aeration tank, where activated sludge, consisting of plants and microorganisms, is mixed with water. All bacteria activated sludge and microorganisms are aerobic, therefore forced aeration is necessary for their life.

Then the water mixed with sludge enters the third chamber, which is a deep cleaning sump, after which the sludge is pumped back into the aeration tank by a special pump.

Thanks to the forced air supply, wastewater treatment occurs quite quickly, and the purified water can be used for various technical needs (watering the garden, washing the car, etc.).

Conclusion. The aeration tank is, of course, quite expensive (from 3700 USD), but at the same time very useful. Installation restrictions of this type There are no sewers. Among the disadvantages, we can note only the need for electricity, as well as permanent residence so that bacteria do not die.

If your site has a high groundwater level, then drawing a conclusion from everything written above, you can choose several options:

aeration tank (aeration treatment station);
septic tank with biofilter;
an airtight container in which waste accumulates.

There are certain restrictions on the placement of sewerage system facilities.

Septic tank location:

at least 10 meters from the garden;
at least 20-50 meters from any water sources (pond, well, well);
at least 5 meters from residential buildings.

Residential building location:

300 meters from stations and drainage wells;
50 meters from aeration treatment plants;
25 meters from the filter field;
8 meters from the filter well.

Be sure to make a design for the sewerage system of a private house and do not try to do everything without it, since sewerage is a system in which there can be no approximation. It is best to contact architects or a design office, where professionals will help you create a competent project, taking into account operating conditions, climate, site and soil. It’s even better if you do a sewerage project together with a house project, even before construction begins.

The work itself on installing a sewerage system for a private home is not particularly difficult. You just need to correctly route the pipes around the house, connect them to the collector and lead them to the septic tank. For earthworks You can hire an excavator, or you can do them yourself. The main thing is to draw up a project and competently select a sewerage system.

It is difficult for us to live without amenities, even if we are in a private home. We strive to provide maximum comfort, creating an optimal standard of living for our family. For this, it is very important to think through the issue of construction in advance.

When constructing a sewer system with your own hands in a private country cottage, you can save money, but you need to carry out this work in accordance with construction and installation requirements.

Sewerage installation in a house involves the arrangement of external and internal sewerage systems.

The internal part is pipe routing, installation of a drain pipe and a riser.

External refers to a set of pipes running from the house to a septic tank or deep cleaning station.

Internal sewerage diagram

You need to choose a scheme based on the layout of each house. It is ideal when all plumbing equipment is connected to one collector through which the water will flow.

IN big house, with several bathrooms, it is more correct to prefer a scheme in which there will be at least two cesspools or a septic tank. And in two-story house risers must be installed.

How to draw up a sewerage diagram for a private house:

draw up a house plan;
determine the location of risers;
mark the locations of plumbing fixtures and decide on how to connect them;
depict the pipes running from the fittings and riser to the plumbing, and all connection elements;
do this for each floor;
determine the dimensions of the fan pipe and riser;
add up the length of all internal pipes;
At the final stage, draw up a diagram of the external sewerage system.

How to choose sewer pipes

Different ones are used for external and internal sewerage.

For laying pipes inside, polyvinyl chloride and gray ones are used. For sunbeds and risers, pipes with a diameter of 110 mm are used, and for drainage - 40 and 50 mm. Turns are made with two plastic elbows bent at right angles.

Often, pipes for external sewerage are orange, have a diameter of 110 mm and the required rigidity. Double-layer corrugated pipes can also be used.

Pipe properties

Cast iron:

durable and strong, designed for heavy loads.
expensive, heavy and fragile, corrosion on the inside can contribute to clogs.

Polypropylene:

Light and flexible, withstands high water temperatures well.
there are no shortcomings.

Polyvinyl chloride:

inexpensive and lightweight, used for external sewerage.
They are fragile and do not tolerate high water temperatures well.

Pipe laying

The most serious process when constructing a sewer system in a house is the routing and laying of pipes. Upon completion of work, check the tightness of the system, and only then proceed to its operation.

Pipe connection

Today many types of revisions, tees, elbows and plastic pipes, which are easy to connect. The joints can be processed. And in places where the pipe passes through the foundation, it is recommended to install a sleeve.

It is also important to remember the slope of the pipes, which depends on its diameter and is 2 - 3 cm per 1 m.

Sewer outlet

In order not to encounter a discrepancy between the internal and external sewer systems, begin the installation of the sewer system from the outlet,

It is installed through the foundation below the frost level. When installing the outlet higher, it will be necessary to insulate the pipe.

If you didn’t think about it, you will need to punch a hole in it large enough to install a drain pipe with a sleeve. The sleeve is a small piece of pipe with a diameter of 130-160 mm. It should protrude 15 cm on both sides of the foundation.

The outlet diameter must be no less than the diameter of the riser. And the sleeve is needed to create a pipe slope.

Pipe routing and riser installation

It is ideal to place the riser in the toilet. It can be mounted openly or hidden.

To connect sewer pipes to the riser, oblique tees are used, and adapters are used at the joints of pipes that differ in diameter. At the intersection of pipes, it is necessary to install a collector with a diameter of 100-110 mm. Also install water seals that will protect you from unpleasant odors.

Installation of a special tee (revision) on each riser is mandatory. With its help it will be possible to clear the blockage. You can install cleaning after each bend.

It is better to place the riser in the toilet of a private house

Fan pipe outlet

Functions of the drain pipe:

supports Atmosphere pressure within the system;
increases the durability of the sewer system;
ventilates the entire sewer system.

The fan pipe is the continuation of the riser. This is a pipe leading to the roof. Before connecting the drain pipe and the riser, it is important to install an inspection. After which the pipe is led out at a convenient angle into the attic.

You cannot combine the fan pipe with the chimney or ventilation of the house. The exhaust pipe outlet must be located at a distance of 4 meters from windows and balconies. The height of the retreat from the roof should be 70 cm. It is also important to place the sewer, house and chimney ventilation at different levels.