Do-it-yourself technology for laying paving slabs: analysis of the nuances. Step-by-step instructions for laying paving stones How to lay round paving slabs

How to lay paving slabs with your own hands without any problems so that they last for many years? There are generally accepted recommendations that everyone should follow. In this case, achieve High Quality easy, using minimal effort.

Material advantages

Paving slabs are considered a popular material that is used to form pedestrian paths and platforms.

Path from paving slabs

It has numerous advantages:

• a wide selection of shapes, colors, and textures of materials, which allows you to realize any design solution;
• paving slabs are made from environmentally friendly pure materials, which prevents harm to the environment;
• the coating does not change color or change shape when exposed to high or low temperatures;
• styling street tiles implies the formation of drainage, which prevents the accumulation of water on the surface;
• characterized by high strength to various types loads and wear resistance;
• operation of the finished coating is easy, since caring for it does not cause difficulties;
• Laying paving stones is carried out quickly and does not require the involvement of specialists.

Site marking

At the planning stage, it is necessary to carefully consider where the paving stone paths will be placed and how they will be laid. It is best to draw a site plan, which will allow you to calculate all the required areas.

After calculating the required volume of materials, you should add 10-15% to the resulting number. Laying paving slabs may not be so easy, so a supply is needed in case they are damaged during the installation process.

When planning paths, you should also not forget that curbs are installed along its edges. They should be much thicker than paving stones. The border will help maintain the integrity of the coating and give it a complete finish. appearance.

To lay paving slabs with your own hands, use the following tools:

• shovel (it is advisable to use a shovel and a bayonet);
• rubber or wooden mallet;
• building level;
• Bulgarian;
• a set of spatulas of different widths;
• rule;
• twine or cord;
• roulette;
• Master OK;
• container suitable for preparing building mixtures;
• rake.

A rake will help distribute the material evenly

Preparing the base

Before laying paving stones, you need to take care of. First, markings are carried out on the site by driving wooden pegs along the edges of the paths. A cord or twine is pulled over them.

The resulting site must be carefully leveled. During the work, all high places are removed and holes are filled in. The technology for laying paving slabs implies the presence of a slope (transverse, longitudinal, transverse-longitudinal). When it rains, it will allow water to drain and prevent puddles from forming on the surface.

After leveling the area, it is carefully compacted.

Various types of manual rammers

This allows you to prevent uneven shrinkage of the coating during operation. It must be remembered that all installed structure paving stones will have a thickness of 20 to 30 cm. Therefore, in many cases it is recommended to remove the top plant layer of soil and deepen the coating.

Laying paving stones on a concrete base

Is it possible to lay paving slabs on a concrete base? This must be done if the coating will be placed on soft soils. Such actions will prevent premature destruction of the tracks. You can lay out all the layers of the structure in the following sequence:

1. A layer of screed formed from is poured onto the compacted base.
2. The surface is carefully leveled and compacted to remove air bubbles.
3. It is necessary to lay the curbs, filling both sides with fine gravel.
4. Curbs are installed taking into account the fact that they inside there will be paving stones (provide a gap of 2-3 mm).
5. Curbs are concreted with a solution prepared using a 1:2 ratio.
6. Rules imply application cement-sand mortar as glue.
7. Wooden spacers are installed in the gaps between the individual covering elements to form seams.
8. After installing the entire track, the remaining solution is carefully removed from the surface.

The process of removing mortar residues from paving stones

Application of sand base

How to lay paving slabs on sand so that the resulting coating lasts for more than one year? This basis is the most successful because it plays the role drainage system. Sand increases the stability of the structure several times and prevents its premature destruction.

How to properly lay paving slabs in in this case:

1. A sand cushion 50-60 mm thick is placed over the entire surface.
2. The bulk material is carefully leveled with a rake.
3. The sandy base is watered until puddles form.
4. After 3-4 hours (at sunny weather) the pillow is given the desired shape.
5. An ordinary pipe or block is used as a guide profile.
6. The pipes are placed at a distance of 2-3 m, and the sand in the interval between them is leveled using the rule.

Laying paving slabs

Installation on cement-sand mixture

How to lay paving slabs correctly if they are expected to be subject to heavy loads? The following recommendations should be followed:

1. A sand powder 3-4 cm thick is applied to the prepared base.
2. Install reinforcing mesh, which will significantly increase the strength of the coating.
3. It is necessary to mix dry fine sand with cement in a ratio of 4:1 (you can buy a special tile composition in the store).
4. The finished mixture is leveled on the surface ( maximum thickness preparation is 4 cm).
5. To facilitate all operations, guides made from reinforcement bars or pipes are used.

Popular patterns for laying paving stones

How to lay paving slabs to make them look beautiful? There are several popular schemes.

Classic order

For a beginner, laying tiles in the yard is easiest using classical scheme. It involves placing individual coating elements one after another. In this case, it is best to use paving stones of the correct shape - rectangular or square. It is easy to install without professional skills.

To improve appearance of this coverage When forming the path, it is recommended to use paving stones different color and textures. In this way it is possible to implement various design solutions.

Laying scheme “offset”

This technology for laying paving slabs is also traditional. It involves installing individual elements in such a way as to avoid overlapping joints.

To achieve good quality For coverings, it is recommended to use paving stones of the same shape. There are no restrictions regarding the color and texture of the material.

Herringbone pattern

You can even lay paving slabs in a “herringbone” pattern, which means installing each element of the covering at an angle of 45 or 90 degrees.

In this case, the paving stones can have a rectangular or shaped shape.

An improved version of the “herringbone” is considered to be “wicker”. It involves alternating longitudinally and transversely placed coating elements. To ensure that the resulting pattern is clear and aesthetically attractive, it is recommended to use materials of only two colors during installation.

Other schemes

There are other ways to lay paving slabs:

• chess order. It is recommended to combine several colors;
• diagonal pattern. The longitudinal seam of the coating is shifted relative to the axis of human movement by 30-60 degrees;
• geometry. We use tiles of the same size, but different colors(various patterns are formed in the form of geometric shapes).

Rules for laying paving stones

It is necessary to start laying paving slabs in the direction away from you. In this case, the coating does not deform under the weight of a person. Laying paving slabs on sand occurs according to the selected pattern. Each element is carefully leveled and fixed with a mallet.

Subsequent rows of covering are also installed maintaining a 2 mm gap. During installation, the evenness of the paving stones is constantly checked. If a defect is detected, the tiles are dismantled and installed again.

After laying the paving stones is completed, they begin to fill the seams. For this purpose use sand or sand-cement mixture.

On finishing stage work, excess grout is removed, checking the quality of filling the joints. They are also thoroughly moistened with water. The seams should be tight, as they take on part of the load.

Some installation nuances

Existing methods of laying paving slabs are implemented in compliance with the following rules:

• installation of paving stones occurs from the lowest point to the highest;
• when installing in a circular manner, work begins from the center of the drawing;
• during operation, check the horizontal level every 2-3 rows;
• when installing paving stones on sand, the gap near the curb is not concreted;
• To better fill the joints with sand, it is recommended to compact the surface with an area vibrator.

Care and maintenance of coating

It is allowed to walk on the laid paving stones only 2-3 days after the final sealing of the seams. To clean the surface of dirt, use a broom or rinse it with a stream of water from a hose. You should constantly monitor the safety of the seams. Over time, sand is washed out, so it must be added periodically.

It is forbidden to clean paving stones with abrasive powders. For this it is better to use sifted river sand. If necessary, the surface can also be washed with a mild soap solution.

Laying paving slabs with your own hands, the step-by-step instructions for which are presented above, is carried out without any difficulties. The main thing is to follow the recommendations of experienced specialists.

Arrangement local area- this process is very important. And maximum attention here should be paid not only to green spaces, but also to pedestrian paths, which will not only improve the external aesthetics of the site, but also make it more comfortable in all respects. IN Lately Special tiles are used as a material for walkways - the material is reliable and practical, and also quite easy to install.

Choosing paving slabs

Paving slabs have high quality characteristics - they are much stronger than concrete, and under intensive use and heavy loads, unlike other materials, it does not crumble and does not lose its attractiveness.

Laying tiles is not a quick process, but it is simple enough to do without the involvement of specialists. It is enough to purchase a sufficient amount of paving slabs in advance, prepare the necessary tools and Consumables, and you can start arranging the yard area. If you have no experience construction activities and don’t know how to lay paving slabs - a video on the Internet will help you understand the details in more detail.

If you are interested in how to properly lay paving slabs with your own hands, then first you need to find out how to choose tiles so that the end result does not disappoint you. On modern market There is a huge variety of paving slabs available, varying in:

• size
• volume
• pattern
• quality characteristics

Before purchasing material, you must carefully measure the area of ​​the sidewalk and calculate the number of tiles based on its size. The most difficult thing to buy is tiles with figured elements or complex patterns. Here you need to not only calculate its quantity, but also approximately determine its consumption, taking into account undercuts. Since its design will need to be combined, quite a lot of scrap will be generated in the process, which can also be used in the future.

When calculating the number of paving slabs, you need to take into account the laying method. For example, with the diagonal technique, material consumption increases significantly. Therefore, it is much easier and more profitable to install the sidewalk in the traditional way.

When choosing paving slabs, the main criterion is its strength, determined by its thickness. For example, for a walkway, tiles with a thickness of forty millimeters are quite suitable. And if you plan to pave a path to the garage along which passenger vehicles will travel, then it is better to choose tiles at least five centimeters thick.

What is required to install tiles?

Before you study the instructions on how to properly lay paving slabs, you need to prepare the tools that you will definitely need in the process. The list is quite long:

• building level(you can use modern laser models that allow you to make markings as evenly as possible)
• rubber hammer- necessary for adjusting the tiles to each other during the laying process
• wooden pegs(spacers) and nylon thread - markings are made with their help
• Master OK- needed to level the sand layer
• rammer- necessary for compacting layers
• sand and small stone- from them you will need to make a mixture that serves as a “pillow”
• angle grinder- tool for adjusting the size of paving slabs

Also, do not forget to prepare the paving slabs and curbs themselves - with its help you can design the path better.

How to lay paving slabs evenly?

When all the necessary tools and consumables are ready, you can begin installation sidewalk path. But, even if you have an idea about the procedure itself, still watch at least one video on the Internet about how to lay paving slabs - the video will become your best assistant. By the way, there are a lot of literary sources and visual aids, which can also be used.

So, laying paving slabs with your own hands begins with preliminary preparation territories. Professional craftsmen Usually they draw up a plan of the territory, measure out all the dimensions, transfer them to paper, and only after that they begin to work.

• nylon thread
• pegs
• hammer

With their help, you will need to mark the boundaries of the area where you plan to lay paving slabs. Within the designated boundaries, you need to carefully remove the turf to a depth of approximately twenty centimeters, and then remove the soil. Be careful to ensure that no debris or grass remains remain in the prepared area.

After the soil has been evenly removed, it is necessary to make a cushion of small stone, which is filled in, leveled and thoroughly compacted. Then you need to start laying the next layer of sand or sand-cement mixture. Sand is laid up to forty centimeters thick. If you lay a sand-cement mixture, a layer of twenty or thirty centimeters will be enough. Sand is mixed with cement in proportions 3:1. To make the layer dense, you can slightly moisten the mixture of sand and cement with water. If you want your paving slabs to last their maximum lifespan, you need to ensure that plants do not grow out of the soil. This can be done using a layer of geotextile, which is laid between the paving slabs themselves and a cushion of sand and cement.

We mark the site

If you are interested in how to lay paving slabs correctly, you should know that laying paving slabs must be done strictly according to the markings. To do this, you need to measure the level of slope of the area where the path will be built. It is better to do this in the direction from the house to the street.

Drive two pegs along the line and stretch a nylon thread between them. Make sure the thread lies evenly in a horizontal plane. This can be done using a level. Next, tie the free end of the thread to the third peg and pull it perpendicular to the first. The third peg needs to be driven in higher than the first two. Then the fourth peg is driven in, the thread is pulled, resulting in a rectangle - this is the area for laying paving slabs with your own hands.

Laying paving slabs

After preparatory work are completed, you can begin the actual laying of paving slabs. There are several ways to lay tiles with your own hands, for example:

• traditional
• diagonal
• combined

If you are not a professional, then it is better to use the traditional one. First, prepare a solution - mix six parts sand with one part cement. It is important that the sand is sufficiently wet. If the sand is dry, moisten it a little and lay the mixture on the prepared area for laying paving slabs.

Compact the layer thoroughly. Place two pipes on the sides - at this stage they will act as limiters. To make sure that the layer is absolutely even, take a fishing line or thread, pull it over the pipes and move it a little to the side - this way you will see where you need to remove a little, and where, on the contrary, you need to add.

How to lay paving slabs correctly with your own hands: tile inspection and installation

Before laying tiles with your own hands, you should carefully inspect the material itself. Take the tiles and carefully check that they do not have cracks, chips or other defects that could negatively affect the final result and quality of use of the paving path.

Laying tiles correctly is not difficult. Simply lay them on the prepared base with minimal clearance. Use a rubber mallet to push the tiles closer together. Do not forget that paving slabs, although durable, are susceptible to defects, so tapping with a rubber hammer should be light.

If tiles need to be trimmed, use an angle grinder. To do this you need:

• make a mark
• cut tiles
• lay the tiles flush with the rest

Periodically check the level of the masonry - the tiles should be located evenly and in one line.

After you have laid all the tiles yourself, you need to sprinkle the paths with fine gravel and rub them thoroughly using a stiff broom or brush. Then you can start grouting the joints. To do this, it is better to use special grouts that are sold in stores. At this point, the process of installing the paving tiles can be considered complete. The only thing you will need to do next is install the curb.

Installation of curb slabs

It has already become clear how to lay paving slabs correctly. Now you need to figure out how to install the border. Here you should pay attention to the fact that the curb can be laid flush with the paving slabs, or raised slightly.

The main task of the curb is not the aesthetic appeal of the path, as many people think, but to prevent the tiles from spreading on soft ground. To install them, you need to dig special trenches, the width of which will be slightly larger than the size of the curb itself. Next, you need to lay a sand cushion in the trenches. A layer of five centimeters will be enough. The sand is carefully compacted and a slab is installed on top, which must be leveled and secured.

Sidewalk modules have gained popularity among the country's population. Correctly selected instructions and doing the laying of paving slabs with your own hands will allow you to reduce the cost of landscaping the local area and be proud of the builder’s own achievements.

Tile pavement covering - affordable, inexpensive material to decorate the area around country house, driveways. Thanks to the parameters:

• frost resistance;
• practicality;
• resistance to mechanical stress;
• durability;
• other.

The construction market offers a selection of tiles according to color scheme, texture, shape, size. Picking up type of coating in accordance with the overall design of the site, create a single harmonious ensemble that will transform Vacation home and the courtyard around it into a complete picture.

The advantage of tiles is their durability summer heat, this material is not:

• softens;
• fades;
• deformed;
• releases harmful substances.

Sand between the joints allows rainwater to freely seep into the ground, leaving no puddles and creating comfort in the area.

How to choose sidewalk modules

When considering a landscaping project suburban area mark areas of different loads:

• car parking lot;
• access part of the territory;
• area around the house made of tiles;
• pedestrian paths;
• relaxation area.

Based on the estimate received, the thickness of the fragments and the amount of material for the sand and gravel cushion are selected. Color tiles to be laid in harmony or contrast with the background of the house. If it is difficult to determine the color, it is better to opt for light gray tones - this shade is considered universal.

The quality of the future tiles plays a special role. Therefore, it is better to purchase or order coverage of the adjacent area through the online market from manufacturers, at the bases building materials. Read reviews from former clients, look at certificates, talk to neighbors and friends who have already encountered this problem.

1. Do not save on purchasing tiles, because this material serves long years and looks attractive - the areas that are lined with these tiles are located in plain sight.
2. Looks prettier, easier to style due to irregular shape- errors are not so noticeable. Square and rectangular fragments are more difficult to lay down; here the deviation from geometric correctness immediately catches the eye!
3. If the tile fragments are chosen in different shades, you can spend time laying out patterns or designs.
4. Based on the drawn up project, you should carefully calculate the number of tiles, the volume of sand, gravel or cement. You need to mark the area using rope and pegs. Making such devices is simple and quick, so there will be no delays.
5. When laying the tiles, a gap of 2mm remains between the two segments. If the tiles do not fit tightly to the building fragments, cut them using a grinder using a stone circle.

Installation instructions

Correctly selected types of paving slabs - an excellent addition to the design solutions of the site, emphasize the relief of the territory and the originality of the created landscape. In order for this beauty to please the eyes of owners and guests, you should remember some rules for installing it yourself and competent instructions will help with this.

Required materials and tools

1. Depending on the use of the future site, tiles or concrete pad.
2. When choosing a coating, you need to consider external design, operational parameters of products. The parking area is more durable than the pedestrian path.
3. Before starting work, you should carefully study the technical process and choose a tool that is comfortable to use with your hands.
4. Before purchasing tiles for a site, they draw up a design for the location of platforms and paths to correctly calculate the amount of material.
5. During installation of the tiles, a slope is made to allow unimpeded flow of water from the paths onto the lawn. The slope is maintained at 5mm per 1m.

Laying process

When laying tiles by hand, do not miss important points and do everything right. The first stage preparation of the base or cushion is considered. The beauty of the future site and the service life of the tiles directly depend on the quality of the preparatory work.

We select excess soil from those areas where the tiles are laid with our own hands. If construction work is planned in these areas utility networks, lay the pipes in advance. Crushed stone and gravel are chosen in small or medium fractions. If a pedestrian path is being laid, the cushion should be made up to 15cm deep. For parking, deepen the base to 20cm. These dimensions will be obtained after thoroughly compacting the poured material. Next, we prepare a sand cushion with our own hands, laid on a layer of gravel.

Step-by-step video of preparing the base for paving slabs:

However, there are situations when the soil on the site is difficult, there are many uneven areas, etc. Instructions on how to correct this point are presented below.

Having compacted the first layer, cover the area with geotextile to prevent sand from mixing with crushed stone in the future. Then the sand is compacted: a thick layer is not made here, 5cm is enough. Check the horizontality of the platforms using building level. Identified inaccuracies are additionally sprinkled with sand and compacted again.

If the soil in the work area is characterized as weak, geotextiles are laid in 2 layers: before and after gravel. This once again strengthens the strength of the base.

The base is ready, now all that remains is to prepare the mixture on which the tiles will lie. This mixture is prepared in the following ratio: 1 part cement and 5 parts sand. Spread the composition on top layer of the last pillow 5 cm and compact.

Now they begin, during which they should Constantly check the levelness of the site with a building level.

Video: laying paving slabs with your own hands

The process of laying the tiles is completed, now all that remains is to fill the surface of the laid covering with fine sand and rub it along the joints between the modules.

Paving slab repair

Care for this coating: can be swept, washed even with chemicals. If one or more tile fragments are damaged, it is easy to repair the coating:

Get the damaged fragments;

Level the sand cushion;

Lay new tiles;

Fill the seams with new sand.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I want to show one video on how not to lay paving slabs:

To ensure that paving slabs last a long time, do not work in wet weather, do not use backfill other than sand, and do not drive cement into the joints. After finishing the laying work, a trench is dug along the perimeter of the site, crushed stone is poured and a curb stone is installed. For strength, it is filled with cement. The construction of a border will prevent the modules from spreading and loosening. The platform will be given special strength by a 2.5 cm mortar cushion, under which there is a reinforced concrete base.

Paths and platforms laid with paving slabs at the dacha create aesthetic appeal, comfort and cleanliness in the territory and in the house.

When choosing, pay attention to color saturation. If it is too bright, then there are too many dyes in the paving stones, which reduces its strength.

Laying paving slabs is not difficult, and if done correctly, it will last for many years.

In this article you will learn how to lay paving slabs with your own hands without special training.

Preliminary calculations

In some cases, to strengthen the base, a concrete screed is also made on the sand-gravel mixture.

It would be correct if, before the main work, you draw an approximate laying plan, mark the territory and calculate the coverage area.

To mark the area where you will need to lay paving slabs in accordance with the plan, use ordinary wooden pegs and drive them along the edges of the future path or area. Mark the selected height. Stretch ropes between the pegs. It is recommended to make the path width at least 90 cm. Consider installing curbs.

Before buying, calculate the coverage area. The resulting figure is increased by 20%, provided that it is laid in parallel. If it is laid diagonally, then the material is purchased 30% more than the figure obtained in the calculations. Pavers come in different thicknesses.

You will need following materials and tools:

• Gravel (crushed stone, pebbles, broken brick);
• Cement, sand;
• Curb stone (or curb);
• Paving stones;
• Mallet (wooden or rubber), shovel, shovel, pegs, cord (rope), rake, broom, trowel;
• Level, grinder, tamper;
• Vibrating plate (or round, even log).

The soil should be removed from the surface of the marked area to a depth of 15 cm. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the slope for drainage of water, rain, melted water and from irrigation. The slope must be at least 5 mm per m. After excavating the soil, carefully level the surface. If there is any, remove excess soil and fill in the holes.

If the site has mobile soil, then the earth is removed to an additional depth. Then the area is covered with a mixture of sand, pebbles, small crushed stone or brick fragments. The resulting layer is leveled over the entire area. Geotextiles must be placed on top. If you don't do this, upper layer sand can seep down and cause the path to sag.

If you do not screed, then soon the tiles will stick out in different directions, and gaps will form.

To prevent the pillow from spreading when laying and to give the path clear outlines and shapes, you also need to lay the border, curbs or curb stones with your own hands. The height of the curb may vary from place to place. To avoid water drainage and exceeding the ground level in flower beds, the height of the border is allowed above the level. In general, the curb should not be more than half its height higher than the paving slabs. Along the edges of the path along the stretched rope, dig a trench of the required depth, cover it with a small layer of sand and compact the cushion. Secure the curbs in the trench using M100 mortar. To ensure that the edges fit snugly against each other, fill the joints with mortar. Maintain the selected height.

Pour coarse sand onto the surface of the geotextile and compact it. Pour plenty of water over the resulting sand cushion. After drying, examine the surface for the presence of all kinds of pits and tubercles. Level the sand in places where necessary. Next, it is recommended to put a mixture of sand and cement on top in a ratio of 5:1. Observe the height marked at the beginning of the preparatory work.

Main job

To move on laid tiles, it is better to use a board and move on your knees.

Now you can get started. Next to the work, it is necessary to lay out a sample of the composition on an area of ​​at least 1 square meter.

You can lay paving stones correctly if you start laying them away from you, diagonally, without stepping on the tiles that you just laid. It can also be laid with a sheet of plywood underneath. A sheet of plywood, in turn, must be placed on the laid out areas.

Laying it down. You need to lay it down by carefully pressing it with your hands and hitting it with a mallet (wooden or rubber mallet). If you can't get it to sit completely still, then lift the tiles and level the sand underneath. The next one must also be placed horizontally. You will be able to lay out the material correctly if you use a level to control. The gap between should be from 2 to 5 mm.

When laying, maintain the specified slope. As you work, you will definitely need to cut out shapes to fill the empty spaces not occupied by solid tiles. For cutting you will need a grinder.

Final stage

After you have laid out the entire planned area, fill the surface of the path clean sand. Compact the laid paving slabs using a vibrating plate with a rubber sole, failing which you can use a flat log. After this, sprinkle sand again and leave for a while. Brush off excess sand from the surface. The work is done.

As you can see, laying it yourself is not at all difficult. The main thing is to be careful and consistent in your work if you want to have beautiful and high-quality paths in your dacha or country house.

How to lay paving slabs? This question has a modern sound, since arranging paths with its help is gaining impressive popularity. It is posted not only because it is fashionable. This is facilitated by its beautiful appearance, practicality, and ease of installation. The modern construction industry makes it possible to choose materials from a wide range of products that differ in shape, color, and size. However, it should be taken into account that the tiles also differ in quality, and therefore you should not use the services of dubious sellers - such a product will not last long.

Essence of the material

At its core, paving slabs are a high-strength tile block designed for street laying when forming sidewalks, paths, and platforms. It is not for nothing that they are also called paving stones, since their appearance resembles a stone covering. Laying outdoor tiles allows you to get rid of procedures such as asphalting or concreting.

The main advantages of such a coating are ease of installation and operation, the possibility of repair, high strength and wear resistance, resistance to sun rays, heating, precipitation, temperature changes and frost resistance. Particularly noteworthy is its decorative effect, since the variety of shapes and colors make it possible to create various ornaments and even designs on the ground.

Paving slabs can be made from various materials. The most widely used concrete products are those formed according to special technology with the addition of pigments. Less commonly (taking into account the increased cost) tiles from natural stone, baked clay to create an original texture, as well as rubber-based.

Concrete tiles you can make it yourself. For this, as in the factory version, one of 2 methods is used: vibration casting and vibration pressing. In the first case, the form is filled out concrete mortar with compaction, after which it is subjected to vibration for a specified time, and then dried under natural conditions. The second method is more complex, as it involves combining vibration with compression of the workpiece using a press, that is, vibration is produced under pressure, which ensures a more monolithic structure of the product.

In general, the choice of paving slabs is carried out according to the following parameters: size, thickness, shape, color, surface topography. Smooth tiles are not placed on the sidewalk to prevent feet from slipping. A certain relief is created on its surface, which can also play a decorative role. The relief pattern is considered important parameter selection of products. It may be slightly noticeable, that is, in this case the tile simply has a rough surface. When forming specific design sometimes preference is given to a pronounced relief in the form of an ornament or design.

The shape of paving slabs, even factory-made, can be very different: square, rectangle, polygon, round, etc. The most popular forms are: paving stone (rectangle), honeycomb (hexagon), wave, gzhelka, flower, scale, clover, fleece.

Required Tools

When laying paving slabs with your own hands, you will need the following tool:

• grinder or angle grinder;
• tamping;
• Master OK;
• putty knife;
• shovel;
• scoop;
• mallet;
• hammer;
• hacksaw;
• hacksaw for metal;
• jigsaw;
• construction level;
• metal ruler;
• square;
• protractor;
• roulette;
• spray nozzle for hose.

Laying rules

Paths and areas on the site will delight the eye for a long time if the issue of how to properly lay paving slabs has been resolved. The event itself, although it requires a lot of time, is carried out quite simply, and therefore everything can be done independently. Will help with this certain rules laying paving slabs.

In general, the entire installation process can be divided into several important stages:

• development of laying scheme;
• preparatory work;
• directly laying tiles;
• filling tile joints;
• installation of curbs.

It should be noted that planning an event is very important. At this stage, a laying scheme is developed, namely, the shape of the track, the pattern on the surface, color scheme. Already at this stage it is important to accurately calculate the need for specific elements. It should be borne in mind that if there is a shortage of tiles, problems will certainly arise with variations in sizes in different batches of goods and with color tone. Everything must be purchased in one go.

When designing tile masonry it is necessary to take into account that such an element of arrangement catches the eye, so it must be harmoniously combined with the style of the whole landscape design. The choice of element sizes should also take into account the load on the laid out surface, in particular, the possibility of being run over by vehicles or rolling heavy carts.

The question of how to lay paving slabs is related to the dimensions of the site, its location on the site, and the purpose of the coating. Paving slabs can be laid in several ways, which provide different visual perceptions. Most often, traditional laying patterns are used: brick (row), column, herringbone, checkerboard. This masonry forms the correct geometric figures and can be carried out in a horizontal, vertical or diagonal direction, as well as in a combined way. At the same time, you can satisfy your imagination and provide styling using unconventional methods: in a circle, in a wave and other fancy options.

In order to lay paving slabs with your own hands, you should remember that it is impossible to lay out the surface using only solid elements. You will definitely have to cut the bricks, and to do this, without the skill, you may have to ruin more than one tile. However, the amount of cutting required increases when choosing a diagonal laying system, especially with an unconventional layout. The tiles are cut special knife or a grinder with a disc for cutting concrete.

Correct formation coverage implies meeting the following conditions:

• the elements are placed in recesses, and the protrusion above the ground surface should not exceed 3.5-4.5 cm;
• the tiles are laid only on carefully compacted dense soil;
• the surface must be flat;
• must be provided good drainage(gutter), eliminating the appearance of puddles on the laid paving stones.

Preparatory stage

The solution to the question of how to properly lay paving slabs is largely determined by careful preparation of the area where the process will be carried out. On preparatory stage The following main works are carried out:

1. Digging a hole. The work begins with removing the top layer of soil, which helps solve two problems at once: leveling the work site and creating the necessary recesses for laying tiles. As a rule, soil is removed to a depth of about 19-22 cm for pedestrian paths and 28-32 cm for possible collisions with vehicles.
2. Soil compaction. It is necessary to thoroughly compact the soil over the entire area of ​​the dug hole. This condition is especially important when solving the problem of how to lay paving slabs on sand. In this case, it is recommended to wet the bottom of the recess well with a hose terminated with a sprayer.

In preparation working area the need to provide drainage should be taken into account. Most often, it is ensured by forming a general slope of the entire site (approximately 3-4 º per meter).

Zone Restriction

Required element sidewalk or paving area is a side limiter in the form of a curb. In its absence, the outer tiles will move over time under load and moisture. It is best to use a ready-made concrete curb for this purpose. You can do it yourself by pouring concrete into formwork or using bricks, which are then plastered.

Installation of curb slabs is carried out in this order. A trench is dug along the entire perimeter, which is 5-10 cm larger than the width of the curb. A sand cushion 6-8 cm thick is poured into the bottom of the trench and thoroughly compacted. Plates are installed on top of the pillow, which are aligned with each other and in a vertical position. To prevent their displacement during work, fixation is ensured using pegs. To secure the limiter, the prepared trench is filled with concrete mortar.

Preparing the base

Laying paving slabs is done on a prepared base - a cushion. Its main tasks are to level the surface and prevent subsidence of individual elements. It is made of sand and crushed stone in several layers.

The first layer is sand 5-8 cm thick. The next layer is provided with crushed stone, and it is designed to redistribute loads over the entire area. Its thickness is 14-18 cm. Additional filling of crushed stone with sand allows you to get rid of voids. If in the first layer of the cushion there are no special requirements for the quality of sand, then the outer layer is formed from fine sand. After this, the entire surface is moistened and thoroughly compacted to create a level area with the required slope. Finally, it is recommended to fix the pillow when falling asleep. thin layer from a mixture of sand and dry cement.

Laying paving slabs is done without haste and in the “away” direction, which is important to avoid disturbing the even surface of the cushion. The elements fall into in a certain order, corresponding to the selected scheme (picture). A gap of 1.5-2.5 mm is left between them, and wedges made of wood or plastic are used to form the same width throughout the entire area.

The tile is deepened into the sand layer by approximately half its thickness. Leveling on a plane is carried out using a mallet and wooden block. As the installation proceeds, the evenness is checked with a level. First, all solid elements are placed on the pillow. The final stage involves cutting the tiles. To do this, it is applied to the installation site, where the cutting line is carefully marked. All elements are cut after the fact.

The laying of paving slabs is completed by sealing the seams. Their shift at this stage is prevented by filling the gaps with a dry mixture of sand and cement powder. After filling, water is sprayed over the entire surface of the sidewalk, as a result of which the cement holds together individual elements between themselves. Before the solution dries completely, the fixing wedges are removed. The procedure is carried out several times (3-4 times) - for better filling of the seams. Excess mass is removed without waiting for complete hardening. At decorative design Pigment can be added to this mixture the desired shade.

The durability of paths or paving slabs depends on the correct preparation of the work area and the installation of elements. Such work can be done with your own hands, but taking into account the recommendations of specialists. High-quality laying of tiles will provide practicality and a beautiful appearance that will delight the owner of the site for a long time.

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