Cost-effective heating of a country house. What is the most economical heating in a private home? Electric heat guns

Heating a home with electricity is one of the most convenient and effective ways to heat your home. It has many advantages over traditional heating technologies that use gas, coal or wood as fuel. Previously, the electric heating system had a significant cost disadvantage, but modern technologies make it possible to level it out. We will talk about how to make home heating with electricity inexpensive in this article.
Content:

Why electricity?

Electric heating differs from classic water-stove and gas systems by being more economical and practical. We will leave the first aspect for discussion below, and describe the operational advantages here:

1. Electric heating is not only silent, but also environmentally friendly. It is transported safer than gas and does not emit harmful substances at all, both into the atmosphere and indoors. In the absence of waste, the need for exhaust chimneys and traction structures disappears. Heating using coal or wood is not at all comparable to electric systems.
2. Heating with electricity does not require large one-time costs. A comparison can be made using gas as an example: to connect a house, you must purchase equipment for each room, install communications, a boiler, and connect it to a common pipeline. Moreover, all this must be done together, since it is impossible to postpone connecting any part of the house to the system. A electric method allows you to organize sequential installation: first, the most important parts of the house are connected, and then, as funds accumulate, peripheral ones.
3. Thanks to the possibility of using a multi-tariff meter in a private house or apartment, as well as the constant development of technology in this area, heating with electricity is already the most economical among analogues. You should not focus on the high price of the equipment - it quickly pays for itself due to low energy consumption.
4. Almost every method of organizing electric heating allows you to install it yourself, without many additional tools.

Of course, the use of electrical systems for heating cannot be called ideal. Work on high-quality heating Each home requires taking into account many features. In some regions, the cost of electricity can be so high that gas cannot be avoided. In old apartment buildings It is difficult to switch to electric heating for two reasons: it is very difficult to disconnect from the central line, and the electrical network will have to be reconnected, taking into account powerful equipment.

Despite this, the overall picture tips the scales towards electricity. For premises where there is no gas or where there is no possibility of supplying it, it is a real salvation.

Types of heating systems

There are several ways to organize electric heating in your home. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Some are cheaper at the purchase stage, and some save significantly during operation. Let's look at what features each method has:

1. Installation of an electric boiler designed to heat water passing through pipes heating system. Perhaps the most well-known method, but at the same time far from the most effective today. Manufacturers claim that current models have become much more productive and now consume 80% less energy, but this is a controversial issue. Manually switching the boiler on and off, of course, is impractical, and automatic switching at a given interval does not take into account temperature regime day and night. More or less economical option– install thermostats and corresponding automation to turn on depending on the temperature in the rooms, but this is difficult from an installation point of view and very expensive. Reduced power models with equal performance are also nothing more than advertising. Such a boiler most likely will not have enough “power” to heat a large private house.
2. Infrared panels. This is not just a way to heat rooms, but fundamentally great technology. The point is not in heating the air (which has a very low efficiency), but in influencing objects located in the room. Under the light of IR lamps, floors and furniture heat up and begin to emit heat themselves. The fundamental difference is that the traditional “radiator” method of heating rooms actually heats the ceiling (warm air from the radiator rises), while the floors remain cold. With infrared heating the opposite is true. The light is directed downwards, which means the warmest place is the floor. Supplement the system with thermostats - and economical heating country house, private house or garage is ready. And the opinion about the dangers of infrared radiation on humans is nothing more than a myth. The main thing is not to be under the lamp long time, and nothing dangerous will happen.
3. Use of convectors. According to the manufacturers, this is the most effective method space heating, which combines high performance and economical energy consumption. Both of these statements are the subject of a long debate, since the technology is based on the same “radiator” principle, and many individual characteristics must be taken into account when heating a house. The main difference is the significant ease of installation and operation and lower price. An important advantage of convectors is fire safety, which is very important when heating a country or private house made of wood. Convectors allow you to install them sequentially from room to room, are compact and pleasant to look at, and are also protected from power supply surges.

Inappropriate options

There are several types of electrical equipment designed for space heating, but not recommended for use as the main heat source:

• Heat fans. These devices have the simplest design and are a large hair dryer consisting of a heated coil and a fan that drives a flow of air through it. Their use will definitely not be cheap - the air cools down extremely quickly, and it will not be possible to maintain a comfortable temperature for a long time. Do not forget also about the load on the electrical network and the dangers - too dry air is harmful to house plants and people.
• Oil radiators are probably the most common device used by residents apartment buildings when the central heating power is not enough. Surprisingly, this is also the least efficient heating method. And even if the room is heated to comfortable temperature succeed, it won't be cheap at all.

Why is this equipment so widespread if it is ineffective? The fact is that all of these are auxiliary devices designed to help out in emergency situations or when the main heating does not cope with its tasks. For a garage, for example, constant heating is not always needed. For a while repair work it can be heated using a heat gun (fan heater) powered by electricity or gas. But in a house where it is necessary to constantly maintain the temperature at a certain level, infrared panels are much more effective.

Organization of economical heating

There is no need to have a long debate about which equipment from the listed options best combines economy, efficiency and safety. It will be much more practical to use one or another option in the most suitable conditions. Below are the basic principles that should be followed to create economical heating with electricity at home:

1. The first rule is common for systems powered by gas and electric - minimize heat loss by insulating the walls, ceiling and floor. Thanks to this, you can reduce the required thermal power to maintain temperature. Of course, additional costs are necessary for this, but they are compensated by savings on electricity. The temperature inside an insulated garage in winter rises above zero within half an hour if a car is running inside. In an insulated house, you will only need to maintain heat, and not constantly pump it up, forcing the equipment to work at increased power.
2. Design optimal system electric heating. For example, for heating a small studio apartment An electric boiler may be quite effective (if the heat loss is very small). But for a house with many rooms this is not the best option. Here it is more convenient to install a convection system with thermostats that control the climate in each room. Infrared panels are good for a garage, closet or utility room that does not need to maintain a constant temperature.
3. In rooms and houses that are not used throughout the day, it is optimal to combine electric heating equipment. As an example, let's take a kitchen with a main convector and an auxiliary IR panel. The convector allows you to maintain a minimum temperature throughout the day, and turning on the panel before the evening meal will quickly warm the room for a comfortable dinner. In a similar way, you can arrange the heating of a bathroom, outbuildings or a heated garage.
4. Thermostatic automation allows you to accurately adjust the temperature. Depending on specific models and devices, you can set “hot” and “cold” periods, use photo sensors to make the room warmer when people are present, and apply other settings. All these seemingly insignificant little things can greatly help in reducing costs.
5. A large share of heating system consumption occurs at night, when all residents are at home. You can significantly reduce bills for this period by switching to two-tariff electricity metering. The night rate is usually 3-4 times lower than the main rate. To replace the meter and switch to new metering rules, contact your local energy supply company.

Electric water heater

As we can see, economical heating of a private house without gas is quite feasible. The main thing is to carefully plan the transition to electricity, think about which devices to use for the main premises and which for the periphery (garage, bathhouse, other buildings). Of course, buying everything you need can cost a pretty penny, but these costs are offset by the amount you will save over the next years.

Cosy warm house– probably every person’s dream. Today, most people prefer to live in private houses, because this has many advantages. But how to make your home the most comfortable, everyone decides in their own way. And, probably, it’s first worth considering the amount of heat and light.

Which heating is better for a private home?

There are several heating methods country house. Each of them has its own pros and cons, operating principles, and requires certain costs. The choice of a specific type of heating depends on many factors. For example, the presence of a fireplace or stove in the house, electricity, the availability of materials such as gas, fuel, firewood or coal.

Depending on this, the following types of home heating are distinguished::

• Air;
• Electric;
• Water.

An air heating system passes air through a special device - a heat exchanger, after which the heated air is distributed evenly throughout the room. This type of heating is expensive and requires a huge amount of space. However, it provides quick heating of the house.

Electric heating is based on the conversion of electricity into heat.

This type is environmentally friendly and easy to install and use, but despite this, it significantly increases energy costs and forces you to constantly ventilate the room, as oxygen is burned. Water heating is based on the circulation of liquid through pipes, which ensures heating of the room. Such a system can be installed without the help of specialists, however, during frosts when the system is turned off, the water can freeze and rupture the pipes.

The most popular and economical heating method is electric. This will be discussed further.

Heating a house with electricity: cheap or expensive

There are a huge number of heating methods. But, unfortunately, not all of them can be used in your own home.

Electric heating is the cheapest and most convenient option:

• The installation of such heating requires a minimum of effort;
• Installation of the system does not require adjustment to any season;
• The heating system is very compact and does not require building an additional room for the boiler room;
• There is no need to provide maintenance;
• The cost of using such a system depends on the degree of operation and temperature level;
• The electric heating system is the most environmentally friendly.

Thus, electric heating does not require special physical and monetary costs and is most common in private homes.

Types of electric heating systems

Heating electrical systems are built to convert electricity into heat. The methods of such transformation vary, and this is what the main types of such systems are based on. However, they all have one minus, unlike gas - the cost of their use is high, since they are based on electricity.

Among them are:

• Electric boilers;
• Heaters based on the use of infrared rays;
• Warm floor running on electricity;
• Fan heaters.

Electric boilers operate by heating the liquid in the heating circuit that is connected to them. Electric convectors also use heating elements. Only in this case electricity does not pass through the liquid. Heating is carried out by heating the aluminum or steel housing and the air that is inside this housing. Hot air rises, changing places with cold air. With the help of such circulation, the room is also heated.

Electric heating is the most economical: without a boiler

Which method is the most economical? Convectors do not take up much space and can be placed on the wall, on the floor, built-in or external. They quickly warm up the air and accurately perform the assigned tasks. The only downside is that one convector will not be enough to heat the entire house.

Infrared heaters convert electricity into infrared rays that can heat any object. They can take the form of rectangles built into the floor or wall, or mounted on a stand. This heating system heats the air only in a certain area of ​​the room. In order to heat the entire house, you need to install a large number of such devices. On the one hand, they are cheap to use, but their quantity increases the cost.

Infrared heaters are economical because you can set individual temperature conditions in different areas of the house. Therefore, these heaters are on average 35% more economical compared to boilers. An electric heated floor is installed under the tiles and may not be the main heating system.

Advantages of heated floors:

• Regulate temperature in electrical warm floors can be done easily and accurately;
• An electric heated floor does not need to be filled with new screeds, which require additional costs and put extra pressure on the floors;
• Due to the ease of installation, electric heated floors can be installed both in a private house and in a multi-storey one.

The only disadvantages of such a system include energy costs. But, on the other hand, if an electric heated floor is still not the main one, then this drawback can be crossed out. Fan heaters (heater, not radiator) are not the main heating system. They have a quick effect only in small rooms, but at the same time they use a large amount of electricity, due to which they greatly increase the cost of costs. Electric batteries are not bad heaters.

Economical electric boilers: options

Boilers are divided into those based on heaters - heating elements - and electrode ones.

The work of heating elements is that they heat running water and distribute it throughout the system. Special pumps are often installed with heaters to help circulate fluid through the system. Usually there are 3 or 4 heating elements in the boiler, which can work simultaneously or one at a time - it all depends on the temperature level.

The power of electric heating boilers also varies. There are models that operate on single-phase or three-phase network. An electrode boiler fails because electricity passes through the liquid from electrode to electrode. Instead of water, non-freezing liquid is used here.

Advantages of electric boilers:

• Easy to install and regulate;
• Do not take up much space;
• Accurately and quickly regulate the temperature level;
• Their work does not create noise;
• Relatively low cost and economical maintenance.

Disadvantages of electric boilers: high energy costs; with prolonged use of heating elements, the heaters become covered with scale and stop working; in the absence of water, heating elements burn out. Often boilers do not cope with their tasks and cannot warm up the entire house, that is, they slowly heat the house. The operation of boilers depends entirely on power electrical network. Correct schemes and high-quality batteries for the cottage allow you to heat the house inexpensively. Homemade device quite possible.

The most economical electric heating and electrical appliances

The most economical and easy to use system is electric convectors. They consist of an aluminum or steel casing that heats the air from both outside and outside. inside. Warm air gives way to cold air, and thus the entire room is heated.

Advantages of using convectors:

1. The convector is the most efficient heating system. Due to small sizes heating elements, the air heats up faster, evenly distributed throughout the room.
2. This is the most quality look heating, since it does not waste electricity, completely converting it into heat. This is also the reason for its efficiency.
3. Convectors are easily adjustable and do not heat up above 100 ºС. Many models have a safety system that turns off the device if air access is blocked.
4. This heating system is quite easy to install and use. All you need to do after purchasing is to install it on a wall or on a stand and plug it into the network.
5. Convectors are much cheaper than electric boilers.
6. Since one convector will not be enough to heat the entire house, you need to purchase more devices. However, this can be done gradually, depending on the need or availability of funds.
7. This heating system does not respond to possible jumps electricity and continues to work properly.

The choice of convector depends, first of all, on the expected price. However, it is best to buy a device from leading manufacturers, since the issue here is about home security. It is important to pay attention to the restart function after turning off the device. If in this case the convector requires human intervention, then this will create some problems in its use, including the risk of great damage from freezing the house. Efficient and profitable alternative heating according to new technologies.

Installation of electric heating in a private house

An electric heating system is very easy to install. Therefore, you can do this yourself. It will save cash, since you don’t have to call specialists.

Installation consists of three stages:

• Planning;
• Installation;
• Launch.

First, you need to prepare a heating circuit and appliances, taking into account the way it will be used. In order to carry out an economical heat calculation and choose an electric boiler for a private home, you can call a specialist or use ready-made programs.

Next, shields are equipped with individual machines for each room and wiring is done. You need to consider how many boilers and other equipment you need to purchase. You will need automation, ceramic or other pipes. An electric battery that will heat, with an electricity consumption similar to that of a light bulb, is everyone’s dream. Modular energy-saving gas elements for country house premises will help you save some fuel.

After the electrical wiring is ready, you can begin installing equipment that will help heat the room (energy or economical radiators). It is important to pay attention to the temperature regime. At first, the device will work hard. This will warm up the room very quickly. And then the system will go into normal mode and will turn on to maintain established level temperature, like a drip device.

However, using only electric heating can cost a pretty penny. Therefore, you should use other means of heating your home to increase your living comfort.

Methods of additional thermal insulation:

1. Insulation of loggias, balconies and verandas will block the penetration of cold street air to the house. Thus, heating the house will be much more efficient.
2. Replacing old windows with plastic ones. This will eliminate the occurrence of drafts, which is also good for heating in bad weather. If it is not possible to install new windows, then you can insulate the old ones. To do this, you need to coat the space between the frame and the opening with sealant and seal it with electrical tape.
3. Using the same principle, old doors are replaced with new ones.
4. You can insulate walls both outside and inside. Internal insulation reduces the size of the room, so experts recommend insulating walls with outside. For this purpose, heat insulators are used.
5. Ceiling insulation is most often carried out in the attic. In this case, mats are used, under which a vapor barrier is placed, and a water barrier is placed on the mats.
6. You should pay attention to floor insulation. This is important because most often the floor does not warm up well, which causes some discomfort.

According to the laws of physics, warm air rises, giving way to cold air. Therefore, it is important to insulate the roof so that the heated air does not leave the house at all. The method of roof insulation depends on its type. If this pitched roof, then insulation is carried out inside the house using mineral wool. If the roof is flat, then hard materials are used on the outside that are not exposed to various negative influences. Homemade products (convection, autonomous, innovative heating for an apartment) are also possible, the panels will allow you to save money, but the equipment must be thought out thoroughly.

Long gone are the days when the only way to heat a private home was a wood stove. Modern technologies and materials allow you to choose a heating method from a variety of existing ones, but experts unanimously say that in the future, electric heating of a private home will be a priority. Everyone knows that mineral reserves are far from endless and the time will come when we will have to completely abandon gas and switch to a cleaner energy source - electricity.

Electric heating systems have a lot of undeniable advantages, and often this may simply be the only affordable way heating

It is very important to think through the electric heating project at the stage of building a house, since in the future, installing equipment in a ready-made room may lead to the need for remodeling, and, as a result, to additional costs. Accurate thermal calculations must be made taking into account SNiP standards. Failure to comply with these requirements will result in increased energy costs.

Pros and cons of heating your home with electricity

Electric heating of a private house has the following advantages:

Simplicity and ease of installation

For self-installation No expensive tools or special knowledge are required. All equipment is small in size and can be installed quickly and at minimal cost.

All devices are easily transported and transferred to different rooms. A separate boiler room and chimney are also not required.

Safety

Electrical systems do not produce carbon monoxide and there are no combustion products. No harmful emissions are released even if the system breaks down or is disassembled.

Low initial costs

No preparation required project documentation with an invitation special services. No permits are needed.

Reliability and quietness

Electric heating does not require regular after-sales service with the involvement of specialists. All installations operate absolutely silently, since the system does not have a fan or circulation pump.

Easy to use

There are no elements in the system that could quickly fail. There is no need to constantly monitor sensors and fuel levels.

System control unit.

High level of efficiency

Allows for quick heating a private house even at the most very coldy. Electric heating is always equipped special system, which makes it possible to regulate the temperature in each individual room, which allows for significant savings financial expenses V heating season.

Disadvantages of work

The main disadvantage of electric heating is considered high consumption electricity. In some areas, energy prices are quite high, so this method may simply not be profitable.

The second disadvantage is energy dependence. If the electricity is turned off for any reason, heating the room will become impossible.

Using a generator.

An induction electric boiler consists of a radiator and a pipeline through which the coolant circulates. The emitter produces an electromagnetic field that interacts with the metal. Electricity creates vortex flows, which, in turn, transfer energy to the coolant. There is no heating element.

The induction boiler is easy to install and maintain, does not contain wearing parts, scale forms in it in minimal quantities, and is effective for heating large premises. The coolant can be oil, water or antifreeze.

Making an induction boiler with your own hands is not difficult, and the cost will be much cheaper than a purchased one.

A significant disadvantage can be considered the rather large dimensions and high price, compared to heating element and electrode boilers. Moreover, in case mechanical damage integrity of the circuit, the boiler will fail due to a dangerous increase in temperature. In this case, the device must be equipped with a sensor that turns off the boiler if there is no water in it.

Conclusion

Almost all popular electric devices were considered. Each method has many advantages - this includes the absence of the need for a fuel supply, environmental friendliness, safety, noiselessness and ease of operation. But given that electricity is currently not cheap, one cannot expect any special economic effect. Therefore, it is worth paying special attention to the insulation of a private house in order to reduce heat loss to a minimum.

Unlike apartment residents, owners of private houses face many tasks in organizing efficient operation water supply systems, electricity supply, etc. Modern manufacturers are offering increasingly simple and profitable technologies and ways to provide a private home or cottage with heat. One such know-how was electric heating. In this article we will tell you how to organize home heating with electricity cheaply.

It is believed that the most advantageous type, in terms of price, is a gas boiler and metal radiators. Unfortunately, not all homeowners have access to this method. The territory of our country is not fully gasified; ecologically clean areas are especially far from network gas.

Advantages and disadvantages

Just for those houses near which there are no gas mains, electric heating will become competent and profitable solution. This alternative home heating has obvious advantages:

• + you don’t need to burn anything to get heat
• + no need to regularly replenish fuel reserves
• + no need to carry anything heavy and put it in the firebox
• + fuel itself flows through the wires

The electric heating system of a private house also has disadvantages:

• - significant energy consumption
• — constant increase in housing and communal services tariffs
• - risk of power outage without warning
• — the need to purchase an autonomous generator in case of emergency system shutdown

At the stage of designing a house, it is worth working with specialists to develop such effective system, which will make heating a country house with electricity economical, efficient and safe. Low price sometimes becomes the main factor when choosing the type of home heating. Thanks to new technologies, despite rising energy tariffs, electric heating devices are becoming more and more efficient.

Which electric heating is better?

The concept of electric heating includes a large class technical means and ways.

Today, a home heating system can be of two types:

1. With direct heat dissipation
2. With intermediate coolant

First option provides for the use of such heating devices as: electric convector, spiral, infrared or quartz heater, electric fan. Such household appliances, for all their convenience and ease of operation, have a significant drawback - a very high consumption of electricity.

This does not include the underfloor heating system, which is worth talking about separately. It will really help create a comfortable temperature in your home or country house without extra costs.

Second option is a system in the “heart” of which an electric heating boiler is installed. It heats the coolant to required temperature and distributes heat through the pipes. Real reviews Any construction forum will help you find information about the use of such heating systems.

If we compare a solid fuel, liquid fuel or pellet boiler against an electric one, the latter wins significantly. The main “trump card” of the latter is high coefficient useful action. By installing automatic thermostats on batteries, the economic effect becomes even higher. In addition, well-organized electric heating of a private home is durable, easy to use on a daily basis, and quiet. It is very attractive that the organization of electric heating does not require obtaining any permits for installation.

THIS IS IMPORTANT: You can make the use of electricity for heating cheaper by installing a two-tariff meter. So the cost per 1 kWh at night will be significantly lower.

Seven ways to organize inexpensive heating of a private home with electricity

Electric convector

The operating principle of convectors is to circulate air through heating elements. According to the laws of physics, warmer air rises and mixes with colder air. This way the room is heated evenly.

The advantages of such devices are heating speed and efficiency of 80%, compact size with high power. In addition, a variety of operating modes and a built-in thermostat allow you to efficiently use electricity only when the ambient temperature drops.

We should also highlight the mobility that a convector heater has. By moving it to the coldest areas of the room, you can quickly and evenly heat the entire space.

A big plus for convectors- permission for use in wet areas. Water protection allows you to install such an electrical appliance even in a bathroom or toilet.

Like any household appliances In addition to significant advantages, convector heating also has disadvantages: connecting all devices to the network immediately entails exceeding the permitted power.

THIS IS IMPORTANT: When installing a relay that regulates the sequential start of heaters, the possibility of exceeding the permitted power is eliminated. This solution will maintain a comfortable temperature in a private home and reduce costs.

Tubular electric heater

The principle of operation of the system is to transfer heat from the heater to the coolant liquid in the pipes. Traditionally, the coolant is water, oil or antifreeze. In simple words is a device that works in a similar way to electric kettle or a boiler. Heating element immersed in liquid. When used to organize economical electric heating of a private home, such devices show high efficiency and minimal heat loss.

Tubular electric heaters are often called oil radiators or heaters. In times of shortage, such devices were even made by hand. Photos and videos of homemade radiators can be found on construction forums.

The main advantages of tubular type heaters are their reliability. They are not explosive and are not afraid external influences such as vibration and shock. In addition, their design is so diverse that it allows the device to harmoniously fit into any interior.

Tubular electric batteries have one significant drawback - high price. The point is the high cost of the metal from which heating heating elements are made.

Electric heated floor

A modern way to heat large areas without using radiators. The easiest to install underfloor heating is available in the form of ready-made heating mats, which must be distributed over the surface, connected and hidden under a layer of screed. Heated floors have a big advantage - due to the fact that the heat in the room is distributed evenly, the number of dust particles in the space of the house is reduced.

Electric boiler with heating element

The growing popularity of such boilers lies in their high reliability, safety and relatively low price, especially in comparison with induction or electrode boilers. However, such a heating system cannot be called “The best electric heating” and it cannot be called cheap either. Boilers of this type use thermoelectric heaters - not the most economical devices in terms of power consumption.

THIS IS IMPORTANT: Before installing a boiler with a heating element, check with the electrical network company about the maximum possible load on the wiring in your home.

Induction electric boiler

A two-winding transformer is hidden inside the device. Eddy currents arising in it move behind a short-circuited loop, which is the body of the induction boiler. At this moment, the secondary winding receives a certain amount of energy and converts it into heat, which warms up the coolant liquid.

Induction boilers are characterized by 100% efficiency, resistance to voltage surges, rapid space heating and durability. They simply don't contain parts that could break!

Electrode heating boilers

Principle of operation heating devices This type is as follows: the role of heating elements in it is performed by electrodes. They are immersed in a coolant liquid. As electric current passes through the electrodes, heat is released. Thus, scale does not form inside the boiler, which greatly simplifies its use at home.

In addition to the absence of scale, the electrode boiler lasts much longer than a tubular heater and has a compact size, which is suitable for use in a small home.

Uninterrupted operation of the device is only possible if the correct liquid is poured into the electric boiler. If it is water, then after multi-stage filtration, if it is antifreeze, then only of the brand of the same name as the boiler.

Infrared heater

The principle of its operation is based on the fact that it is not the heating element or the coolant that is heated, but the surrounding objects. Heated objects also warm up the air in the room. In simple words - infrared heating The atelier works like a microwave oven.

Such heaters are rightfully considered one of the most budget-friendly. Heaters made in the form of panels are especially popular. The panel can be installed on a wall or ceiling both in a private house and in a non-residential premises.

Due to the increased heating area, private or country house heats up many times faster than when using other heaters.

THIS IS IMPORTANT: Infrared panels can be combined with an electrode boiler. For example, use infrared heating during a period when the heating season has not yet begun or is already over, and it suddenly gets cold outside.

Today there is a large selection of options to achieve the necessary comfort inside a residential building using electric heating.

Manufacturers offer a wide range of different devices for organizing home heating with electricity. You can really get a warm home and save money, you just have to create a single reliable system, in which heating elements and possible heat losses will be rationally taken into account.

The most widespread and effective way to heat an apartment or private house is to use a heating system that runs on natural gas. But as usually happens in dachas, there is simply no gas line.

Therefore, the only safe and environmentally friendly source of energy for heating remains electricity.

Moreover, reserves of natural minerals are limited, and over time, you will have to look for an alternative, that is, electricity.

Today we will look at the main systems of a private house or apartment. Moreover, there are many methods of electric heating, which we will definitely consider.

Pros of use

Let's start, as always, with the advantages:

Disadvantages of use

The disadvantages include:

1. Electric heating depends on electricity. There is no electricity, no heat.
2. Voltage instability can permanently damage the boiler or electrical appliances.
3. High power consumption. The condition of the electrical wiring should be taken into account. You should clarify how much power you are allocated to your home. A three-phase electrical system may be required.

The first two problems can be effectively solved by purchasing a generator. Costs increase accordingly.

Review of electric heating options for a private home

Before moving on to a discussion of types of heating, it should be said that the heating system should be designed and calculated before building a house, so as not to have to deal with alterations later.

Prepare the electrical wiring

Particular attention should be paid to electrical wiring.

To prevent the wiring from heating up, you should follow the rule: 1 mm2 of wire cross-section corresponds to a current strength of 8 A.

And most importantly, if the house or apartment was not designed for heating with electricity, then you will either have to install an electric boiler and connect a separate input to it.

During the arrangement process, it is important to prepare everything necessary in advance.

Option number 1. Infrared heaters

This is an innovative and high-tech way to heat houses and apartments.

One of the most effective, but expensive methods. The principle is based on the radiation of long-wave infrared waves, which propagate unhindered in the air and, upon reaching an opaque surface, heat it.

As a result, we heat not the air in the room, but objects, which in turn transfer heat to the air. When using this type of heating, the room is heated quickly and uniformly. There are no losses, which gives high savings and efficiency.

Equipment appearance

Available in hanging or mobile form.

Hanging equipment looks like lamps.

Mobile heaters allow you to direct heat when needed to the right place.

Film radiant electric heaters

But in Lately use (PLEN). It is based on heat-resistant plastic on which emitters (foil plates) are applied. The emitters are connected by copper plates. The film has a thickness of about 4 mm.

PLEN release form

Issued in strips different widths and length.

They are also installed vertically, the principle of operation is simple: cold air enters from the bottom of the grilles, passes through heating elements, heats up and exits through the upper grilles. Heating elements do not dry out the air and create a stable upward flow.

The design includes a thermostat and the electronic unit, which control the heating process, which makes the device economical.

This type of electric heating has the following advantages::

• There are models that can be installed in rooms with high humidity. They have a protection class of IP-24.
• Easy to set up and safe device. There are no exposed parts or exposed wires. The external screen heats up to a temperature of 30-40 degrees Celsius. This allows them to be used in children's rooms.
• Quiet operation.
• Wide selection of models and design solutions.
• No complex piping or separate rooms are required.
• Easy to install and connect.

There are also special convectors that are installed deep in the floor, in front of doors or panoramic windows. It should be noted that this type effective only in houses with high thermal insulation.

Option number 3. Electric floors

The principle is based on the fact that from the heated floor surface, warm air flows are evenly distributed to the ceiling.

It can be used as the main type of room heating or as an auxiliary one. Heating cables or heating mats can be used as a working element.

Cables are usually laid under a concrete screed, which in turn heats up and accumulates thermal energy. Cables can be single-core or double-core. The principle of operation is simple: it passes through the wire electricity, resulting in heating of the conductor.

Heating mats are easy and convenient to install. If the cable is placed directly in concrete screed, then the mats can be placed under finishing coat floor.

There is a variety of mats made in the form of rods; two conductors are placed in parallel. After which they are connected by jumpers in the form of rods. Main feature is that if one element fails, the mat continues to function.

If installation technology is followed and high-quality materials are used, this type of heating will last up to 80 years. The control is carried out by a thermostat block, and the temperature sensor is installed in the thickness of the floor.

This type of heating, as the main type of heating, is not effective. It is often used as an additional source of heat, usually to create comfortable living areas.

Option No. 4. Electric boiler

The heating principle consists of building an extended system of pipelines and radiators throughout the entire area of ​​a country house.

A coolant liquid (water) circulates in the system. IN winter time you will have to drain the coolant. Is one of the most effective option heating.

According to the heating method, all boilers are divided into:

1. Electrode.
2. Tenovye.
3. Induction.

Electrode boilers

So, electrode boilers are based on the work of an electrolyte (a liquid that conducts electric current). Since the current in our network is alternating with an oscillation frequency of 50 Hz. These vibrations excite vibrations in the tones of the electrolyte, as a result of which we obtain rapid heating of the entire volume of the electrolyte.

An electrode is used as an ion exciter; it usually looks like graphite rod. And only water with a certain value specific resistance.

The use of antifreeze liquids is strictly prohibited!

The advantages include: high efficiency of about 98%. Fast heating. Depends on the frequency of the current in the network, and depends little on voltage drops. Overheating of the boiler is not possible; if there is no electrolyte, the boiler simply turns off.

The disadvantages include: the electrode deteriorates over time and requires replacement; you can replace it yourself. Electrode boilers work for full power always and nothing else, hence the problem of automation. A ground loop is required for installation of the device.

The electrolyte composition should be constantly maintained and the system cleaned every year.

The boiler kit includes: Control block.

You will have to buy the expansion tank and pump yourself.

Boilers with heating elements

The heater is made of a metal conductor, which is packed in a waterproof case. The conductor is heated by passing an electric current.

Due to the fact that the heater is packaged in a case, the efficiency drops sharply to 80%. To ensure high-quality heating, several heating elements are used simultaneously. Modern boilers with heating elements - heaters are equipped with modern automation, programmatic shutdown of heating elements in stages, to maintain the specified indicators.

The main disadvantage is the formation of scale on heaters, which leads to their malfunction. Modern, you have to add special drugs to the system.

Induction boilers

The operating principle is similar to that of an electrical transformer.

The primary winding coil is fixed in the boiler body. The coil is sealed and does not come into contact with water. An alternating electric current is passed through this coil.

The role of the secondary winding is played by a system of tubes through which liquid circulates. Since the secondary winding (pipe system) is located in the electromagnetic field of the primary coil, it induces voltage there. And when we close the secondary circuit, current begins to flow through it, resulting in rapid and uniform heating.

In such a system there are practically no losses and the efficiency is 100%.

The approximate weight of such boilers is about 20 kg, power is about 2-3 kW. This boiler can heat a room of about 30 sq.m.

Installation is simple, the device has threaded connections for insertion into the system and control unit.

Vortex induction boilers

Such boilers are elements of a variety of induction boilers.

Electrical power is converted to high frequency, causing a rapid increase in tension. There is no secondary winding. Its role is played by the body, which is made of an alloy with ferrimagnetic properties.

As a result of the influence of Foucault eddy currents, magnetization reversal occurs, which causes heating of all ferromagnetic surfaces. Efficiency is about 99%. Boilers of this type very heavy. They have a wide range of models.

Advantages when using induction boilers

Both water and low-temperature liquids can be used as a working fluid. Service life over 10 years. The coolant heats up quickly, and the control unit allows you to adjust the entire system as accurately as possible.

No scale is formed. The efficiency of boilers of this type is 20-30% higher than that of boilers of similar types.

Flaws

High mass, which requires special attention during installation. There are complaints about slight vibration when the device is operating. High price, minimum cost 30,000 rubles.

Option number 5. Air conditioning

Also referred to as houses and apartments.

As experts say, energy costs are insignificant when operating an air conditioner, but installation, maintenance and purchase of the equipment itself is expensive. The adjustment is quite simple and convenient. Used to maintain a comfortable temperature in a separate room.

The main disadvantage is that it requires constant professional maintenance.

Option No. 6. Oil radiators

The efficiency of such a device is 100%. Very mobile, all models have wheels. It has the shape of a cast iron battery; due to the ribbing, the heat exchange area increases.

Even after turning off oil radiator gives off heat for a long time.

Option No. 7. Heat fans

As heating element A nichrome spiral is used.

The air flow passes through a red-hot spiral, heats up and is capable of heating small space, small room. It is not recommended to use this device for a long time, as it dries out the air.

It cannot be used for heating a country house, only locally and not for long.

Option No. 8. Reflectors

Heaters of this type are rarely used due to their inefficiency.

The design is simple: several spirals are placed in tubes. This creates a directed heat flow and heating small area premises.

conclusions

Today we looked at almost all methods of electric heating.

The main conclusions can be drawn as follows::

• It should be noted that the use of local heating sources (infrared heating, fan heaters) cannot be used as the main method of heating a house.
• It should be approached by using several types of electric heating in a comprehensive manner.
• High-quality home insulation plays a big role in efficiency.
• Scheme and calculation and installation locations of all devices, before building a house.
• Use of multi-tariff meters. Application of automation, use of auxiliary sensors.

All these activities will help bring together heat losses to a minimum and make heating comfortable and efficient.

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