Liquid flowing into centralized water supply, can only very conditionally be considered suitable for use for technical purposes - for laundry, washing dishes, etc. With a very big stretch, it can be used for cooking, but you can’t drink it without boiling it at all. To bring it to normal it is necessary to use different types filters for water purification. There are inexpensive installations, but they usually have low productivity and average cleaning quality, and there are expensive systems that can give ideal results.
The situation is no better with water supply from a well or borehole. There is still a high probability of bacterial infection, so the cleansing should be even better. In general, you need to take the sample for analysis, and then, based on the results, select the required types of filters for water purification. In private homes, this is usually a multi-stage system, which results in drinking-quality water.
Cleansing from mechanical impurities
The water that flows in our water supply contains grains of sand, fragments of rust, metal, windings, etc. These impurities are called mechanical. Their presence has a bad effect on the durability of shut-off valves (taps, valves, etc.) and household appliances. That’s why in apartments and private houses they install filters at the entrance to remove them. There are few types of filters for purifying water from mechanical impurities. This is with mesh and discs as filter elements.
The filter element in mechanical filters is a mesh. Based on cell size, these filters are divided into coarse (300–500 microns) and fine cleaning devices (larger than 100 microns). They can stand in a cascade - first for coarse cleaning (mud collector), then for fine cleaning. Often a coarse filter is placed at the entrance to the pipeline, and devices with a finer mesh are placed in front of the household appliance, since different equipment may require different degrees of water purification.
Depending on the orientation of the flask in which the filter element is installed, they can be straight or oblique. Oblique ones create less hydraulic resistance, which is why they are most often installed. When installing, you must observe the direction of flow, it is indicated on the body by an arrow.
Mechanical filter
There are two types of mechanical filters - with and without auto-rinsing. Devices without auto-flushing are small in size; their inlet/outlet diameters are selected according to the size of the pipe in which they are installed. Case material: stainless steel or brass, threaded connections- different (external or internal thread select as needed). The cost of this type of mechanical filters is low - around hundreds of rubles, although branded ones can cost much more.
Mechanical filters without backwashing: straight and oblique
Since the grids become clogged and need to be cleaned periodically, the lower part of the flask is removable. If necessary, unscrew it, remove it and wash the mesh, then return everything back (all work is carried out by first turning off the water).
Mesh with auto-rinsing
A mechanical filter with auto-washing (self-washing) has a pipe and a tap in the lower part of the flask with a filter element. The pipe is led into the sewer using a hose or piece of pipe. If you need to rinse such a filter, simply open the tap. Water under pressure washes the contents into the sewer, the tap closes, and you can continue using it.
This type of mechanical water filter often contains a pressure gauge. It determines whether the mesh is clogged or not. The pressure has dropped - it's time to clean the filter. If the flask of the device is transparent, there may not be a pressure gauge - you can determine it by the appearance of the mesh or the walls of the flask. In this segment, oblique water filters are rare, but they do exist.
A pressure reducing valve can be built into the housing to neutralize pressure differences. There are models with the ability to install an automatic flushing unit.
Tying this type of mechanical filters is a little more complicated - it requires an outlet to the sewer, but there are also models with different types of threads so that you can use as few adapters as possible.
Connection types
Mechanical cleaning filters can be either coupling or flanged. Flanged ones are usually main equipment for water pipelines with high pressure and diameters. Can be used to install water supply for a private home.
Disc (ring) filters
This type of equipment is less common, although it is less prone to silting, has a larger filtration area, and can trap particles of different sizes.
The filter element is a set of polymer disks, on the surface of which scratches of varying depths are applied. The assembled disks are pressed tightly against each other, water passes through the hollows in the disks, and particles of larger diameter settle on them. The movement of water is spiral-shaped, so that suspended matter is removed efficiently.
When the water purification filter becomes clogged, the discs are removed from the housing, pulled apart and washed. After that they put it in place. The discs must be replaced periodically; the service life of the filter element depends on the amount of contamination and the quality of the discs themselves. There are models with automatic flushing.
Mounted into a pipe break, the bulb can be directed up or down (see installation instructions).
Inexpensive types of filters for purifying water for drinking purposes
Water purified from mechanical impurities can be used for domestic needs, supplied to household appliances, but for drinking or cooking it is suitable only conditionally - after boiling. In order to drink it without boiling, fine filters are needed that retain a significant part of the substances dissolved in the water and disinfect it. Let's look at how to make tap water drinkable and the types of water purification filters that can be used.
Filter jug
The simplest, but not very productive way to make tap water drinkable is to pass it through a filter jug. Cleaning occurs in a replaceable cartridge through which water passes. A good cartridge contains the following filter media:
- polypropylene fibers for sedimentation of residual mechanical impurities;
- Activated carbon with additives to remove microorganisms and chlorine compounds;
- ion exchange resin for removing manganese and calcium salts, radionuclides, iron compounds, heavy metals;
- porous activated carbon for water clarification, sedimentation of organic matter.
Filter jug - simple, cheap
Filter jugs differ in the composition of the cartridge, its resource (how much water can be purified) and volume. The smallest models of tabletop filters can purify 1.5-1.6 liters of water at a time, the largest - about 4 liters. Just keep in mind that in the column “filter volume” the volume of the bowl is indicated, the useful volume (the amount of purified water) is much less - about half.
| Name | Bowl volume | Cleaning module resource | Degree of purification | Additional devices | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AQUAPHOR Art "Ice Age" | 3.8 liters | 300 l | 4-6$ | ||
| AQUAPHOR Prestige | 2.8 l | 300 l | Slightly reduces water hardness, removes mechanical and organic impurities, active chlorine, heavy metals | Resource indicator | 5-6$ |
| AQUAPHOR Premium "Dachny" | 3.8 l | 300 l | Reduces water hardness, removes mechanical and organic impurities, active chlorine, heavy metals | Large funnel - 1.7 l | 8-10$ |
| Filter jug Barrier Extra | 2.5 l | 350 l | 5-6$ | ||
| Filter jug Barrier Grand Neo | 4.2 l | 350 l | Depending on the filter type | Cassettes for different types water they go to + to the cost of the jug | 8-10$ |
| Filter jug Barrier Smart | 3.3 l | 350 l | Depending on the filter type | Cassettes for different types of water they come with + cost + mechanical resource indicator | 9-11$ |
| Geyser Aquarius filter jug | 3.7 l | 300 l | For hard water with bacterial treatment | Cartridge replacement indicator | 9-11$ |
| Filter jug Geyser Hercules | 4 l | 300 l | From heavy metals, iron, organic compounds, chlorine | Receiving funnel 2 l | 7-10$ |
Filter nozzle for faucet
A very compact filter for running tap water that fits onto the tap. Cleansing speed - from 200 ml/min to 6 l/min. The degree of purification depends on the composition of the filter part, but is usually not much different from jug filters.
According to the method of operation, there are two types of filters on the faucet - some are put on immediately before use, others have the ability to switch to the “without cleaning” mode. The second option is definitely more convenient, but the switches often break. As a temporary measure, this is an excellent solution, but “permanently” it is better to choose another device.
| Name | Performance | Cassette resource | What cleanses | Manufacturer country | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Defort DWF-600 | up to 20 l/hour | 3000-5000 l | China | 2$ | |
| Defort DWF-500 | up to 20 l/hour | 3000-5000 l or 6 months | organic substances, pesticides, heavy metals, chlorine and radioactive elements | China | 2$ |
| Aquaphor Modern-1 | 1-1.2 l/min | 40000 l | from active chlorine, lead, cadmium, phenols, benzenes, pesticides | Russia | 13-15$ |
| Aquaphor "B300" with bacterial purification | 0.3 l/min | 1000 l | recommended for use in case of possible bacterial contamination of water | Russia | 4-5$ |
| Geyser Euro | 0.5 l/min | 3000 l | carcinogenic and organic compounds, chlorine, iron, heavy metals, nitrates, pesticides and microorganisms | Russia | 13-15$ |
| Philips WP-3861 | 2 l/min | 2000 l | chlorine compounds | 180$ | |
| Sorbent RODNIK-ZM | 2 l/min | 3600 l | free chlorine removal, iron removal | 8-10$ |
Filters under/on the sink - a way to get a large amount of drinking water
For greater productivity and better water purification, filters are used that are installed under or on the sink; they can also be mounted on the wall.
There are two types of such systems - cartridge and reverse osmosis systems. Cartridge ones are cheaper, and this is their advantage, but the disadvantage is that you need to monitor the condition of the filter element and change it on time, otherwise all the accumulated dirt goes into the water.
Reverse osmosis systems are more technologically advanced equipment that have a much higher cost, but the quality of cleaning and productivity are much higher. These water treatment plants use a multi-layer membrane, each layer of which traps a specific type of contaminant.
Cartridge
In cartridge filters, the quality of cleaning depends on the number of cleaning stages - individual filter elements that “catch” a certain type of contaminant. There are single-stage systems, there are two, three and even four-stage filters.
Single-stage ones use universal inserts that have a multilayer structure. They are inexpensive, but it is difficult to predict whether you will be satisfied with the degree of cleaning. The composition of water in different regions is very different and it would be advisable to select/replace filters as needed. And so, we have to hope for the versatility of the liner.
In multi-stage cartridge filters, the housing consists of several flasks, each of which has a separate/special filter element that removes certain contaminants. The flasks are connected in series using overflows, flowing from one flask to another, the water is purified. IN in this case It is possible to select the types of filters for water purification specifically for your analysis, which will undoubtedly improve the quality of purification.
| Cartridge filter name | Type | Number of cleaning stages | For what kind of water? | Cartridge life | Performance | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BWT Woda-Pure | Household washable | 1 cartridge + membrane | medium hard | 10,000 l or 6 months | 1.5-3 l/min | 70$ |
| Raifil PU897 BK1 PR (Big Blue 10”) | Trunk | 1 | cold tap water | 26$ | ||
| Geyser Lux | Under the sink | 3 | soft/medium/hard/ferruginous | 7000 l | 3 l/min | 70-85$ |
| GEYSER GEYSER-3 BIO | Under the sink | 3 + protection against viruses and bacteria | soft/hard/very hard/ironous | 7000 l | 3 l/min | 110-125$ |
| Geyser-1 Euro | Desktop option | 1 | normal/soft/hard | 7000 l | 1.5 l/min | 32-35$ |
| Pentek Slim Line 10 | Trunk | 1 | 19 l/min | 20$ | ||
| Expert M200 | Under the sink | 3 | normal/soft | 6,000 - 10,000 l depending on the cartridge | 1-2 l/min | 60-65$ |
| Brita On Line Active Plus | Under the sink | 1 | flow-through | 2 l/min | 80-85$ | |
| AQUAFILTER FP3-HJ-K1 | Under the sink | 4 + protection against bacteria and viruses | for cold water | 3 l/min | 60-90$ | |
| Barrier Expert Hard | Under the sink | 3 | for hard water | 10,000 l or 1 year | 2 l/min | 55-60 $ |
| Atoll D-31 (Patriot) | Under the sink | 3 | highly chlorinated water | 3.8 l/min | 67$ |
Tabletop cartridge filters for running water
Most inexpensive option cartridge filters are installed next to the sink. These are miniature models that are small in size. They can be one or two stage; there is a small tap on the body. The filter is connected with hoses to a special outlet of the mixer; it can be connected directly to the water supply.
Trunk
These are usually single-stage cartridge filter flasks, which are placed after the mechanical filter. They remove a significant amount of impurities, making water suitable for drinking and protecting household appliances from the formation of scale and other deposits. Their disadvantage is the need to change filter elements.
For ease of monitoring the condition and degree of contamination, the flask is made transparent. If visible contamination occurs, replace the cartridge with another one. In some models, it is possible to independently restore the functionality of the cleaning element - it is washed under running water. In other models this is prohibited, so read the instructions carefully.
Multistage filters
They differ from those described above in a large number of flask cases, each of which contains a cartridge that removes various types of contaminants. The more stages of purification, the purer the resulting water. The composition of the filter elements must be selected for the specific composition of the water (read carefully specifications and description).
These units can also be installed on the highway, or they can be placed under the sink and receive drinking water High Quality.
Reverse Osmosis
The most advanced water purification technology today is reverse osmosis. It uses multilayer membranes that allow only water and oxygen molecules to pass through, preventing even the smallest contaminants from passing through. The water obtained is practically free of salts, which is also not good. This is precisely the disadvantage of reverse osmosis systems. To neutralize it, the plants are equipped with mineralizers that add the necessary minerals.
| Name | Number of cleaning stages | Lifetime/replacement frequency | Filtration speed | Notes | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geyser Prestige 2 | 6 | 1 time per year | 0.15 l/min | Purified water storage tank 7.6 l | 70-85$ |
| Atoll A-450 (Patriot) | 6 | prefilters - 6 months, membrane -24-30 months, carbon postfilter - 6 months. | 120 l/day | There is an external tank | 115-130$ |
| Barrier Profi Osmo 100 | 6 | 1 step - from 3 to 6 months, 2 steps - every 5 - 6 months, 3 steps - from 3 to 6 months, 4 steps - from 12 to 18 months (up to 5000 liters), 5 steps - every 12 months | 12 l/hour | There is an external tank | 95-120$ |
| Aquaphor DWM 101S Morion (with mineralizer) | 6 | prefilters - 3-4 months, membrane - 18-24 months, post-filter mineralizer - 12 months. | 7.8 l/hour | External tank + mineralizer | 120-135$ |
| Barrier K-OSMOS (K-OSMOS) | 4 | 5000 l (no more than a year) | 200 l/day | External tank | 120-150$ |
| Atoll A-450 STD Compact | 5 | prefilters - 6 months, membrane - 24-30 months, carbon postfilter - 6 months. | 120 l/day | External tank | 150$ |
The disadvantages of this system include their low productivity - only one glass or so can flow per minute clean water. It is clear that such a speed causes inconvenience, so that it is felt less, manufacturers complete the installations with tanks for purified water, to which taps are already connected.
Filters for purifying water from dissolved substances
In addition to mechanical impurities in tap water there is also a decent part of the periodic table: iron, mercury, manganese, potassium, calcium (hardness salts from which scale is formed), etc. All of them can be removed, but different filters are needed for this.
To make water potable, different types of filters are used to purify water.
To remove iron
Most often, large amounts of iron are present in water from wells or wells. It gives the water a reddish tint and a specific taste, is deposited on the walls of plumbing fixtures, and clogs shut-off valves, so it is advisable to remove it. It makes sense to do this if the amount of iron exceeds 2 mg/l.
Divalent iron dissolved in water can be removed from the water using a catalytic filter. This is a large cylinder into which catalysts are poured, the work is controlled by a small processor, that is, this equipment requires a power supply.
The backfill located in the catalytic filter greatly accelerates the process of oxidation of divalent iron and its precipitation. Depending on the backfill, impurities of manganese, chlorine, and other substances dissolved in water may also be removed, and mechanical particles will also settle to the bottom during the cleaning process. Removal of accumulated deposits occurs according to a given schedule, usually at night. The backfill is washed under the pressure of water, everything is drained into the sewer, and the water supply is stopped during washing. Catalytic filters are complex and expensive equipment, but they are the most durable available.
Another way to remove iron and water is aeration. Water is supplied in the form of a fine suspension (through nozzles) into a cylinder with a forced air pump. The iron in it reacts with oxygen in the air and its oxides are filtered out at the outlet. There are two types of filters for purifying water of this type - pressure and non-pressure. For more active oxidation, an oxidizing agent—hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite—can be supplied to these installations. In this case, it is also carried out biological treatment water - from microbes and bacteria.
Purification of water from hardness salts
To soften water, filters with ion exchange resins are used. In the process of interaction with water, harmful impurities are replaced with neutral or beneficial ones (increasing the amount of iodine and fluorine).
Externally, this equipment is a tank partially filled with ion exchange material. Paired with it is a second similar regenerator tank filled with a highly concentrated salt solution (a special one is sold in tablets, highly purified).
The advantages of filters for water purification of this type are: high performance, low level noise during operation, rare replacement of backfill (it lasts for 5-7 years). For water softening, ion exchange filters are the most the best choice. Disadvantages - the need to use a regeneration tank with concentrated saline solution. To get drinking water, you need to install an activated carbon filter.
Ordinary water from a public water supply rarely meets sanitary and hygienic standards, and certainly does not add truly beneficial nutrients to a person. For this reason, a considerable proportion of urban residents have long switched to individual filtration systems. In many ways, this is a costly and troublesome decision, but from the point of view of taking care of your health, it justifies itself. The modern system in the apartment is presented in different versions. Some of them are distinguished by their filtration efficiency, others are more convenient to use, and others also include additional beneficial substances in the liquid.
What types of systems exist?
Industrial filtration is by far the most common area in the field of cleaning systems. In this way, bottled water is produced, which can also be used in an apartment or house. Integrated and compact units that serve small volumes of liquid are also popular. In the first case, the water purification system in the apartment is introduced into the water supply channel and subsequently requires special maintenance. The second option does not cause problems with installation operations and is operated as usual kitchen device. In choise suitable option It is worth evaluating a wide range of criteria, not forgetting that the filtration system can also eliminate some beneficial bacteria.
Jug-type devices
The simplest and most popular way to obtain clean water at home. This system is implemented in the form of a small plastic jug, in the center of which there is a separation barrier with a filter cartridge. It is important to note that one such element is capable of passing about 300 liters of liquid through itself, maintaining an optimal level of water treatment. The cleaning itself is carried out with a particle tolerance of about 20 microns. That is, compared to other means, this is not the most effective filter system for water purification (in an apartment), but as a tool for basic or temporary preparation of a drinking resource, it can be used at home. Moreover, compared to analogues, this option benefits from several positive aspects. Firstly, the convenience of using such a jug is noted. It is mobile in use and does not take up much space in the kitchen. Secondly, the cost of cartridges is not so high compared to the cost of servicing more technologically advanced and efficient installations.
Flow filters
This group of filters is by far the most common in the homes of consumers who are demanding on water quality. They come in two types - upper and lower, which are located under the sink. As a rule, the installation of water purification systems in an apartment of this type is carried out using a plumbing tie-in into the water line. This allows the system to provide constant control, and at a high level. For example, an average flow-type filtration system is capable of eliminating particles with a fraction of about 0.1 microns. Models in this segment are also convenient from the point of view of use, as they do not clutter up the kitchen space. However, if the need arises for local plumbing repairs, having a built-in filtration device may be an inconvenience. Another disadvantage of flow-through systems is the need to regularly change cartridges - manufacturers recommend updating equipment every six months.
Filtration via faucet attachments
One of the simplest solutions to the problem of clean water supply is to use a faucet attachment. Such devices are simply put on the faucet head, after which they also filter running water. From the outside, this solution seems the most attractive, but it also has significant drawbacks. These include a small volume of cleaning sorbent and a low level of productivity. That is, if the flow-through installations described above have a minimal effect on the flow rate, then the water purification system in the apartment, such as a nozzle, can slow down the operation of the faucet. There is another nuance of operation - the installation itself, although it does not have large dimensions, in some cases can cause certain inconvenience when washing large-sized dishes.
Reviews about manufacturers
Segment cleaning systems quite densely represented by domestic products. In particular, users praise the products of the company “Aquaphor” and “Geyser” for their organic combination of low cost and performance characteristics. However, if you need to obtain a high-quality filtration result, it is recommended to contact the companies Atoll, BRITA and Teko-Filter. Bluefilters offers effective comprehensive solutions. Even, according to experts, it offers the best water purification systems for apartments, based on the principle of osmosis. Innovative solutions are also being mastered by employees of the AquaShield enterprise, under whose brand, for example, technological systems based on electromagnetic components are produced. The undeniable advantages of such models include complete elimination of the need to regularly change consumables.
How much does a water purification system cost in an apartment?
The cost of cleaning devices is largely determined by the type of design and filtration principle. For example, the most affordable jug models can cost about 300-500 rubles. For more high level there are flow-through water purification systems for the apartment. Prices in this case can reach 3-4 thousand. In the same segment there are installations that provide filtration using the principle of osmosis.
The most expensive cleaning systems are available for 10-15 thousand. What do manufacturers offer for this money? As a rule, these are sets of filters that are installed under the sink. The presence of a stylish case and the possibility of separate installation is distinctive properties, which highlight premium water purification systems for apartments. Prices for filters in such configurations can reach 20 thousand.
Conclusion
Despite the obvious pros and cons of different water purification systems, the question of choice optimal solution is far from so simple. In addition to design features, you should also take into account the quality of direct filtration provided by different systems water purification for the apartment. How to choose best option by this criterion? Comprehensive water treatment can be a win-win option. Modern flow-type systems, for example, provide for universal cleaning, iron removal, softening, bacteriological effect, as well as ionization and mineralization. But, on the other hand, a simple pitcher filter will be able to retain some of the beneficial salts and bacteria precisely because of the imperfection of its membrane.
IN apartment buildings the system works centralized water supply drinking water. Of course, before entering residential apartments Water treatment is carried out, but it cannot be said with certainty that even after this the water is completely ready for use. To obtain water that is truly purified from mechanical impurities and dissolved salts, it is necessary to use additional systems cleaning products, which are presented in a wide range.
Peculiarities
The current water purification in water pipelines follows the same type of scheme; it consists of several stages.
First you need to install a mechanical cleaning filter– here it is optimal to use mainline options, which are equipped with replaceable polypropylene cartridges. Such purifiers effectively retain iron, sand, and other suspended matter, which not only improves water quality, but also prevents the occurrence of rust. The main devices are cut directly into the water supply system, this allows you to purify running water completely 100%.
Please note that for cleaning hot water it is necessary to use special structures that are resistant to impact high temperatures. The use of coarse filters allows not only to purify water from mechanical impurities, but also to significantly increase the service life of the entire plumbing system in the apartment.
On next stage hot and cold water is purified from chlorine and metal impurities, for this they also use main water filters with carbon cartridges, and the result of using the cleaning system is immediately noticeable to the naked eye - after passing through it, the water acquires a bluish tint and also disappears bad smell chlorine
When taking a shower with water purified in this way, apartment residents do not complain about the unpleasant feeling of skin tightness that occurs after hygiene procedures using unfiltered water.
At the third stage, hardness salts (calcium and magnesium) are removed, which contribute to the formation of scale and plaque. inside pipelines and other plumbing elements in the apartment. The filters used for this contain special softeners.
Well then finishing stage a filter is used that is installed directly on the sink - it is used to obtain high-quality drinking water.
Modern water purification systems are subject to the most stringent requirements– it must be efficient, environmentally friendly, ergonomic and reliable. As a rule, it includes filters, as well as hoses and containers for supplying clean water, but at the same time it has minimal dimensions - the most popular options are compact models that can be easily placed under the sink.
Undoubtedly, a private house or cottage has big advantage in front of apartments, when it comes to creating a water purification system, since a separate room or isolated space can be allocated for it, in an apartment the space is limited by size and layout. Therefore, all elements of the cleaning system are constantly in contact with residents.
But it should also be kept in mind that apartment buildings fed from a common central water supply, therefore, there is no need for pre-treatment, since water enters homes already purified from mechanical impurities, pathogens and dangerous compounds. The main purpose of filters in apartments is to remove calcium and magnesium salts, as well as excess chlorine.
In small apartments, filter jugs and other systems equipped with storage tanks for storing filtrate are optimal.
Often water purification systems in apartments contain non-standard methods of water preparation: magnetic field, ultrasound and the like. However, most urban residents prefer a standard approach to water treatment, which long years use has proven itself to be reliable and fully compliant with current norms and standards.
Varieties
Mechanical filtration is used to remove solid impurities; filters are divided into options with and without auto-washing.
The former have compact dimensions, their diameters correspond to the parameters of the pipe into which they are mounted.
Typically the body of such products is made of brass or of stainless steel, and threaded connections can be very diverse in materials and sizes; they are selected individually in each case. Such filters have quite low price– as a rule, their cost does not exceed hundreds of rubles, although there are more expensive branded models.
Since the grids periodically become clogged, they have to be cleaned regularly, so the lower part of the flask is usually removable, it can be easily unscrewed and removed, and after cleaning the grid, it returns to its place.
The self-washing filter is equipped with a pipe and a tap, which are installed in the lower part of the flask. Using a hose, the pipe has an outlet into the sewer, so if you need to clean such a filter, you just need to open the tap, and the water flowing under pressure will wash all the contents into the sewer. After this, the tap is closed and the device can be operated further.
As a rule, such filters are equipped with a pressure gauge, which is used to determine the degree of clogging of the mesh: if the pressure drops, it means it’s time to clean the filter. However, if the filter is equipped with a transparent flask, then a pressure gauge is not needed - the degree of contamination can be determined by its appearance.
Depending on the type of connection, all mechanical filters can be flanged or coupling. Flanged filters are usually used for the production of main filters, which are installed in high-pressure water pipelines.
Disc filters are less popular. They are a set of rings, the surface of which has scratches of varying depths. At the same time, the disks are pressed very tightly together; when water passes through them, it comes into contact with all the hollows so that increasingly large particles settle on their walls. Since the movement occurs in a spiral, the removal of suspended matter is quite high-quality.
Water purified from mechanical impurities can be used for laundry, dishwashing, cleaning and other household needs. However, it is not suitable for drinking or cooking. Relatively speaking, it can be used for ingestion only after boiling, and in order to be able to drink water without heat treatment, you need to use fine filters that can effectively remove most of the dissolved substances and disinfect it.
Most often, one of several popular options is used for this.
Filter jug
This is the most affordable and affordable option, which effectively reduces the content of chlorine, copper and iron in liquids, softens water and retains mechanical impurities.
Purification occurs when water passes through a replaceable cartridge, which contains:
- activated carbon – necessary for removing chlorine-containing compounds and microorganisms;
- polypropylene fibers - which are used to deposit residual solid impurities;
- ion exchange resin - allows you to remove calcium and manganese salts, as well as heavy metal compounds and radionuclides.
The advantages of filter jugs include their ease of use and low price.
Among the disadvantages, it is worth noting the short service life of the cartridge and the lack of possibility for their restoration.
When purchasing jugs, you should give preference to brands from well-known manufacturers, since cheaper options often only perform rough cleaning.
Attachment on the crane
Another popular type of filters, which are similar in principle to jugs. As water passes through such a nozzle, all chlorine compounds and mechanical impurities are removed from the inlet. Certain varieties can also remove hardness salts, heavy metals, iron ions and aluminum, and in addition, nozzles containing activated carbon are cleaned of most types of bacteria, phenol and organics.
The popularity of the nozzles is explained by their ease of installation and small dimensions. The disadvantages are the same as those of jugs, and in terms of the cost of cleaning per incoming liter of water, it turns out that these filters are more expensive than multi-stage cleaning systems.
Multi-stage cleaning
The effectiveness of cartridge filters largely depends on the number of degrees of purification - that is, individual filter elements that can retain individual types pollution.
Such systems can be one-, two-, three- and even four-stage.
Single-stage ones contain universal inserts with a multilayer structure; they are quite cheap. However, their effectiveness raises many doubts, since the composition of water varies greatly in each region, and if universal systems are used, one cannot count on the fact that impurities specific to a particular area will be removed from the water.
Multistage filters consist of a body of several flasks, each of which contains a special filter component that strictly removes certain types pollution. These flasks are connected to each other using overflows, flowing through which the water is gradually purified. The advantage of such a system is the ability to install a specific filter for your analysis of tap water - this significantly improves the quality of cleaning. However, such filters require free space, are difficult to install and high cost. Reverse osmosis of such filters requires a significant volume of water - in order to purify 1 liter of water, up to 5 liters of “waste” are needed.
There is an opinion that deep cleaning water washes out of it all microelements useful for humans, this theory has found neither confirmation nor refutation, however, for those who fear the loss of their water beneficial properties, water mineralizers are always on sale.
Let us separately dwell on filter options that are used in multi-stage systems for purification from various types of dissolved substances.
If the water acquires a brown tint and a characteristic taste, this may indicate a high iron content in it; this phenomenon often occurs when water from wells and wells is used. Such water causes the formation of deposits on the walls of sanitary fixtures and clogs shut-off equipment; if the concentration of ferrocompounds exceeds 2 mg/liter, then they must be removed.
The best solution in this situation would be to use a catalytic filter.– it is a fairly large cylinder in which catalysts are placed; such equipment requires connection to an electrical network.
When introducing special components into the backfill, manganese, chlorine and other substances can be removed.
As a rule, sediment removal is carried out according to a certain schedule, most often at night. The backfill is effectively washed under the influence of water pressure, all pollutants are discharged into the sewer, usually at night time.
Catalytic filters are very complex and by no means cheap equipment, but they are the most reliable and durable of all those on the market.
There is another way to remove iron salts from water - aeration. To do this, water is supplied to a reservoir with air, which is pumped through nozzles in the form of a suspension, the iron contained in it reacts with oxygen, oxidizes, and the resulting oxides remain in the filter at the outlet.
There are two types of filters for purifying water of this type - pressure and non-pressure. For more active oxidation, an oxidizing agent - hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite - can be supplied to these installations. In this case, biological purification of water is also carried out - from microbes and bacteria.
Well-known manufacturers and reviews
When purchasing a water filter, it is very important to choose a truly high-quality product that will effectively purify water from all types of contaminants. Unfortunately, today's market is literally flooded with a wide variety of fakes that claim to perform comprehensive cleaning, but in fact only remove solid particles and chlorinate.
Based on consumer reviews, a rating was compiled of manufacturers whose products have proven themselves to be high-quality and reliable.
The absolute leaders are the products of the Aquaphor brand. This company sells a wide range of different cartridge filters - for drinking water, for showers, as well as for washing machines and dishwashers. Among the products of this brand, you can always choose installations aimed at purifying both cold and hot water, which completely neutralize all types of chemical compounds. However, among the products you can also find filters whose tasks include only rough cleaning - all the information about functional purpose placed on the packaging.
Filters are no less popular German manufacturer Honeywell, which offers devices that can withstand significant excess operating pressure in the water supply system, which can reach 10 times. Among the products offered by this brand, you can find both coarse and fine filters, and the main filter element is a special metal mesh, which is closed in a reliable high-strength flask.
Among domestic companies, Novaya Voda purification systems are very popular. Products of this brand are distinguished by their affordability and exceptionally high quality. The assortment of manufactured products includes main filters with a separate tap, the degree and level of water purification in which can be adjusted by changing cartridges.
A large number of users prefer the Geyser brand, the company tirelessly introduces the latest technological developments into production, thanks to which it has created treatment systems based on ion exchange polymer.
It should be noted that a lot of different filters are produced under the Geyser brand; the products are presented in all regions of our country. In stores you can find both simple household models and complex industrial installations that can simultaneously clean quite large volumes of liquid.
Atoll – the company operates in the cleaning systems market for decades and has been tirelessly investing in improving its products. As a result, each newly created model released at this production has more and more advanced and reliable fastening and more long term use. The cost of production is low, making filters of this brand available to Russian users.
Coolmart is a Russian company located in Vladivostok. The company began its activities more than 20 years ago, starting with the production of one of the first remineralizing water purifiers in our country. Today, the main volume of products is sold in the Primorsky Territory, as well as in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
And also users note the high quality of Fibos products.
You can learn more about the filters of the Novaya Voda brand by watching the following video.
How to choose?
To choose the optimal water treatment system for installation in an apartment, it is not enough to find out the reviews of family and friends; you need to take into account your own operating parameters.
If financial possibilities allow, then the best option There will be a nanofilter that will serve faithfully for many years and will not require replacing the cartridge, and the water after it will be ideal.
In centralized water supply systems, purification is performed by chlorinating the liquid. As a result, disinfection is carried out - the removal of pathogenic microflora. But chlorinated water is dangerous to drink; it also damages hair and causes dry skin. Individual filters ensure safe cleaning for health. Their choice depends on the purpose and operating conditions.
Types of filters for water purification
Jugs are inexpensive, compact, easy-to-use models. Used at home and in offices. Cartridges must be replaced every 2–4 months. The equipment eliminates rust, chlorine and other impurities.
Drinking water filters that are installed under sinks are massive, bulky systems. Quite different complex installation and high cost, but they remove not only chlorine and rust, but also dangerous bacteria, and prevent the appearance of scale. The equipment is only suitable for buildings with a centralized water supply system.
Tabletop - filters for water treatment in small apartments. They have a capacity of about two liters per minute. Largest number impurities are removed by membrane-type products.
Faucet attachments are small flow-through water filters for apartments that do not cause difficulties in operation. They remove chlorine, rust, and hardness salts. They have a low cost, but require frequent replacement of cartridges.
How to choose a water filter?
The quality of cleaning largely depends on chemical composition liquid that is supplied to a specific object.
You should also take into account the design features of the device:
- efficiency;
- principle of operation;
- purpose - for industrial or residential facilities;
- frequency of cartridge replacement.
In almost all water supply systems, there is an increased content of chlorine, and excesses of the permissible concentrations of iron salts, manganese, petroleum products, industrial pollutants and other harmful substances are also recorded. The indicators of impurities in the liquid depend on the quality of the pipes, the operating characteristics of the nearest treatment station and other factors.
The simplest solution is to buy a universal water filter, but this only removes basic contaminants. Fine cleaning requires specialized solutions. The Evols group of companies selects, installs and maintains cleaning systems in apartments, taking into account the individual characteristics of water.
We perform:
- analysis of impurities contained in the liquid;
- selection of filters for water purification;
- installation;
- service.
At the preliminary stage, specialists collect liquid and carry out analysis in the laboratory. Depending on the obtained indicators, optimal filtration layers are selected. As a result, the equipment effectively eliminates existing contaminants.
Some types of water purifiers are built into the pipeline - installation is carried out only by specialists. Tabletop models and no jugs required installation work, in this case only delivery is made.
Water filters need to regularly replace cartridges. Its frequency is influenced by the design features of the models, intensity of use, and others. individual parameters. In most household water purification devices, replacing cartridges is not difficult and is performed by the user. If necessary, employees go to the site and carry out preventive maintenance of filtration equipment.
Our company practices a comprehensive professional approach and offers individual solutions for water purification, which are based on modern technologies. To place an order or receive additional information about the service, please contact us by phone, email, or use the online contact form.
Many probably remember the Russian folk tale about sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka, in which our ancestors clearly and eloquently spoke about the importance of clean drinking water. More than a dozen years and even decades have passed, and young parents still tell their children that drinking dirty water is dangerous: you will become a little goat.
In order to protect themselves and their family from all kinds of transformations, citizens often install in their homes various systems water treatment, without thinking that before purchasing equipment it is necessary to conduct a water analysis.
It happens that water after filtration becomes even worse than before purification, and the reason for this is the wrong equipment. In particular, consumers purchase softener filters with the assumption that they will be hard water However, in reality, too soft water washes out useful minerals and organic substances from the body, leading to the development of rickets. To avoid this kind of opus and waste of money, you should do a water analysis.
Today, analysis of drinking, natural and waste water can be ordered from specialized laboratories. Within 1-2 days, analytical chemists will determine why your water is unsuitable for use. It is best to do a complete bacteriological and chemical analysis of the water, since only in this case can one judge the quality of the water, as well as the need to install water purification systems.
Based on the data obtained during the study, you will be able to purchase exactly the filter that will purify the water from the detected pollutants.
The most dangerous impurities for living organisms are nitrates, phosphates, pesticides, pathogens and heavy metals. Here are just some of the diseases that can be caused by contaminated water: allergies, boric psoriasis, cretinism, anemia, gout, cancer, fluorosis.
Excess impurities include iron, hydrogen sulfide, metal salts, manganese and other substances that promote corrosion processes. Well, the sources of mechanical impurities are rust, sand, clay and scale.
An important stage of any water analysis is the determination of the organoleptic properties of water, i.e. consumer qualities - color, taste, smell, turbidity and temperature. Good organoleptic properties of water have a positive effect on human health, and an unpleasant odor, sediment, alkaline or other taste are the first signs of contaminated water.
Water purification methods
In order to purify water, you should strictly follow the recommendations that you receive in the laboratory, because often in order to eliminate all impurities it is necessary to use several purification methods at once.
Today, the most accessible methods of water purification are: clarification, adsorption, iron removal, oxidation based on chemical reagents, softening, desalting, disinfection, conditioning, dechlorination, removal of organic contaminants and nitrates.
Below are ways to purify water from the most common contaminants.
| Type of pollution | Cleaning methods |
| ions of iron, manganese |
|
| microparticles, coarse particles, colloids, suspensions |
|
| increased content of calcium and magnesium salts |
|
| increased acidity | filtration with dolomite or granular calcium carbonate |
| salts, microorganisms, organic compounds | reverse osmosis |
| microorganisms, bacteria, viruses |
|
| change in organoleptic properties | sorption on activated carbon - binding of particles at the molecular level |
Water purification systems for apartments
Despite the fact that the water supplied to city apartments is purified at water supply stations, it still contains impurities that can be harmful to health. The main water pollutants in the urban water supply system remain insoluble mixtures, pesticides, petroleum products, phenols, metal salts and chlorine. Therefore, taking into account water analysis indicators, consumption volumes, as well as financial capabilities, it is necessary to choose exactly the purification system that will most effectively cope with sources of pollution.
Let’s take a closer look at some types of cleaning systems that are more appropriate to use in the city.
Recommended for final water purification. The advantages of this treatment equipment, the main filter component of which is activated carbon, are ease of operation, compactness, mobility and low cost, while the disadvantages are the quality of water purification and filtration speed.
The Geyser company offers consumers several types of filter jugs with a 5-level cleaning system: bactericidal, universal, for hard and ferrous water. The cost of these filters varies from 175 to 359 rubles.
Aquaphor jug filters promise to protect against chlorine, bacteria and organic compounds for only 360 - 560 rubles.
Jugs produced by the Barrier company cost approximately 249 - 699 rubles. They are distinguished by a wide model range, color variety, in addition, Barrier produces filter jugs with electronic indicators.
The principle of operation of a filter jug is similar to that of a household water purifier, a storage type dispenser. The only difference between a dispenser and a jug is the volume of the container.
There is a wide range of tabletop dispensers on the market. Thus, a 1.5-liter water dispenser costs approximately 1.6 thousand rubles, and if it is equipped with a water heating and cooling system, an electronic display or a mini-aquarium, then the price rises to 5 thousand rubles.
Multistage systems
The next type of cleaning equipment for apartments is multi-stage “under-sink” systems.
Classic multi-stage sink filters consist of several filter cartridges permanently connected to the water supply, with a separate tap for clean water. These filters purify water from mechanical impurities, pesticides, heavy metals and petroleum products.
2-stage washable filters from the company " New water"cost 1.99 - 2.27 thousand rubles, 3-stage Geyser filters - from 2.6 thousand rubles.
When purchasing a cleaning system for your home, the main thing is to decide what you want to get from the filter: water purified from large impurities, which will not spoil household appliances, or clean drinking water, which can be consumed even by babies.
Carbon filters
The operation of carbon filters, capable of removing organic impurities and chlorine, which give water an unpleasant taste and odor, is based on the principle of adsorption (preventing pollutants from entering water by retaining them on the outer surface solid). The main component of such filters is activated carbon, which, due to its large surface area, provides good filtration.
Carbon for filters is made from coconut shells, the advantage of which is its high abrasion resistance, which allows you to use one filter for about a year. The main disadvantage of carbon filters is their dimensions - 860x340x260 mm.
The cheapest carbon filter with a capacity of 1.4 m 3 per hour costs 25 thousand rubles.
Mechanical filters
These are the simplest mesh filters, sold at any plumbing store. Mechanical filters are installed in the pipeline; they purify water from suspended impurities. These cleaning systems prevent solid particles from entering faucets, appliance valves, and meters. The most acceptable mechanical filter for an apartment is considered to be a magneto-mechanical filter, inside of which there is a magnet that can retain metal particles.
The minimum price for Honeywell brand mechanical filters is 1.9 thousand rubles, Aquaboss filters - 1.97 thousand rubles.
It is a mistake to assume that water from deep well has the highest qualities. Chemical analysis will show that natural water contains dissolved iron, hydrogen sulfide, manganese, as well as a number of biological pollutants.
Purification of water from a well consists of a whole range of measures, since for use natural water for domestic purposes, it must be softened, clarified, and salts and iron, gases, chlorine, and ammonia removed from it.
The design of a water treatment and filtration system must be carried out on the basis of chemical analysis and the volume of water consumption (average nominal volume country cottage 1.2 - 1.9 m 3 per hour).
The optimal water purification system from a well consists of 4 stages:
- Aeration - oxidation of impurities and removal of gases;
- Disinfection and catalytic clarification - reagent-free removal of hydrogen sulfide, iron, manganese, etc.;
- Hardness stabilization - water softening;
- Water purification by microfiltration or ultrafiltration.
Often, consumers are faced with the question: which water purification system - reagent or reagent-free - to choose for a country cottage. It’s worth noting right away that each purification system has its own advantages, but you should focus on the one that is more effective at eliminating impurities detected during chemical analysis.
Reagent cleaning
The essence of reagent water purification is to add a certain amount of reagents to the liquid, which react chemically with impurities, resulting in the formation of an insoluble precipitate or foam. The reagents can be flocculants, inhibitors or coagulants, it depends on what you want to remove from the water: iron, manganese or hydrogen sulfide.
The disadvantages of a reagent water purification system are seasonal fluctuations in the volume of pollutants (the amount of reagents is dosed in a given volume), and the harmfulness of the reagents (the reagents must be stored in a safe place).
Reagent-free cleaning
The reagent-free system purifies water without chemical substances, and is definitely more modern technology. This system oxygenates the water through aeration, causing the iron to react with manganese oxide. At the end of the reaction, the iron is deposited in crystals, and the manganese is returned to the catalytic loading layer. As a result, the consumer receives purified water.
Ultraviolet cleaning
Another way to clean Wastewater is the disinfection of water with ultraviolet light, which kills pathogenic microorganisms by affecting ultraviolet rays on the enzyme system and cellular metabolism of harmful cells.
Water purification with ultraviolet light occurs without chemical reagents; in addition, ultraviolet light does not affect the organoleptic properties of water.
Low operating costs and a high degree of environmental friendliness make ultraviolet disinfection the most effective wastewater treatment system.
Installation of a water purification system includes delivery of selected equipment, installation of a filtration system, connection of filters to engineering networks, system startup.
Designing a water purification system will cost a Moscow resident 15 thousand rubles, installation of turnkey filtering equipment will cost at least 40 thousand rubles. The cost of calling a specialist for service is 3.5 thousand rubles, prices for servicing reagent-free and reagent filters start from 900 and 3.5 thousand rubles, respectively, servicing aeration systems - from 450 rubles.
If the cost of installing a water purification system seems high to you, then remember that dirty water can kill, but when purified, it prolongs life by protecting human cells from negative impact environment. Therefore, you should not save on own health, drink purified water!
Evgenia Khvatova, rmnt.ru