Primrose: planting and care in open ground. Garden primrose - cultivation and care Planting primrose in spring

A beautiful garden plant, pleasing with a variety of beautiful flowers, early flowering and unpretentious character, it is known as perennial primrose. Photos with detailed instructions for growing primrose can be easily found on websites dedicated to gardening. Aesthetic qualities combined with ease of care make this flower increasingly popular among both housewives and landscape design specialists.

What does a garden perennial primrose look like?

Primroses are beautiful perennial primroses.

Primrose flower is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Primrose genus. Under natural conditions, it grows in northern Africa and Central Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. The plant has a powerful root system that makes up its underground part. The leaf rosette, located in close proximity to the rhizome, consists of simple or dissected, sessile or petiolate oblong leaflets. oval shape. There are varieties with wrinkled or dense, leathery leaf blades of gray-green color. At first glance, it may even seem that the leaves are covered with a slight coating of wax. But the greatest decorative value is not the bright foliage, but the colorful flowers of the primrose. They are attached to tender stems on elongated leafless peduncles. The arrangement can be single, but more often the flowers are collected in inflorescences of pyramidal, spherical, umbrella-shaped or bell-shaped. Tubular buds with a funnel-shaped or flat bend abundantly cover the bush, impressing with their beauty and variety of colors. At the end of flowering, fruits form on the plant in the form of a cylindrical or spherical polysperm.

Primrose perfectly adapts to environmental conditions and can be cultivated at home in Russia.

In addition to the garden, primroses grow wonderfully at home in pots

Types and varieties of garden perennial primroses

The family Primroses (also found as Primulaceae) has more than half a thousand species, making it one of the most numerous in the world flora. It is interesting that species not described by scientists are found in nature to this day. Huge variety different varieties allows gardeners to realize their wildest ideas and create amazing flower arrangements on their site. Naturally, before purchasing you should familiarize yourself with distinctive features each type to make sure that you can create the necessary conditions for the flower. In addition, knowing all the necessary information, choosing a hybrid with the desired color, inflorescence shape and leaf color will be much easier. Let's get started!

There is a huge variety of species and varieties of primroses

Primrose vulgaris (stemless)

This species is distinguished by a short rhizome consisting of thick, dense, cord-like roots. The leaves are lanceolate, their width reaches 6 centimeters and their length is 25 centimeters. They can partially remain on the plant during wintering.

The common primrose has pale yellow or snow-white single flowers with a purple throat, which are located on short peduncles (6-15 cm). Petals are dicotyledonous. During the flowering period, which begins in March, the bush is densely covered with colorful buds, so the stemless primrose looks like a festive bouquet. The most popular varieties:

Virginia - snow-white buds with a yellowish throat;
giga white - has white flowers;
cerulea - rich flowers with a bright yellow throat.

Primrose stemless has a very short stem, which is where its name comes from.

It is an evergreen herbaceous perennial with thick, leathery leaves of a rich green color with a slightly toothed border. They are covered with a slight powdery coating and can be oval or oblong. The flowers of the auricular primrose are yellow and reach up to 2 centimeters in diameter. Note that gardeners value hybrid varieties of this species more, as they have excellent decorative properties. For example, there are varieties whose buds are painted in several bright colors at once (Jonathan), and also have an unusual pattern on the petals. As a rule, flowers are formed on delicate peduncles (10-25 cm), have a yellowish throat and are collected in umbrella-shaped inflorescences.

Primula aurica or auricola - has large bright rosettes of flowers

It is a natural hybrid, which is based on species such as primrose auricular and stiff-haired. This is a fairly compact herbaceous perennial, growing up to 15 centimeters in height. The obovate leaves are collected in a miniature basal rosette (2-8 cm), have finely toothed edges, and are also densely covered with tiny grayish villi. Leaf blade with outside It is painted green, and has a fawn color on the inside; the entire surface of the leaves are covered with a powdery coating. The flowers are located on erect, powerful, mealy stalks, the length of which varies from 5 to 15 centimeters. Inflorescences in the form of apical umbrellas consist of 15-20 flowers directed towards the top.

Flowering lasts from early May to June. Hairy primrose - frost-resistant plant, capable of withstanding temperatures down to -29 °C.

Primrose pubescent is a hybrid of auricular and stiff-haired primrose, which has a beautiful rosette with small villi on the petals along the edges

The plant is a bush-like perennial with large spherical inflorescences, which consist of a large number of snow-white, purple, burgundy or lilac flowers. The diameter of the inflorescence can grow up to 10 centimeters, and the diameter of the flowers is 0.5-2.5 centimeters. It is interesting that at the beginning of flowering, the oblong, lanceolate, wrinkled leaves of light green color are practically not visible, and the peduncle rises above the bush by only 2-3 centimeters. After several weeks it grows, and the height of the inflorescences increases to 20-25 centimeters. Simultaneously with the peduncle, leaves also grow, which can increase from 5-7 centimeters (at the beginning of flowering) to 20 centimeters. During the period of fruit ripening, the length of the peduncle varies from 30 to 50 centimeters, and the leaf blade increases to 30-40 centimeters. Note that fine-toothed primrose blooms from April to mid-June. The stems and foliage of the plant are covered with a specific powdery coating, so experts do not recommend moistening them.

Primrose fine-toothed has spherical inflorescences of small flowers on a peduncle, which grows as the plant grows

Japanese primrose is a special variety, as it is somewhat different from its relatives. Firstly, it is characterized by rather late flowering, which begins in June, and not in April-May. Secondly, its inflorescences have a shape uncharacteristic for primroses, which breeders have dubbed candelabra. They are located on an oblong peduncle that can reach up to 40 centimeters in length. Colorful whorls, each containing 5-7 small buds, gradually begin to bloom on it. In adult primroses, the peduncle can have up to 6 tiers. It is interesting that when the upper inflorescences just begin to bloom, seeds are already forming and ripening on the lower ones.

This species is a long-flowering species, since its flowering period is on average 30-40 days. This sets it apart from other varieties and makes it so widely popular among gardeners. By the way, a powerful, long peduncle allows you to use Japanese primrose for cutting and forming bouquets.

Japanese primrose is a candelabra late species of primrose that begins to bloom in May, but gradually

Primula florinda

Represents a perennial herbaceous plant, which is distinguished by abundant flowering and unusual bell-shaped buds. Bright leaves are collected in dense rosettes, above which drooping rich yellow flowers, collected in neat inflorescences, rise on long stalks. Naturally, the perennial requires a lot of effort to form buds, so experts recommend thinning it out annually. The bush should be trimmed so that no more than 3-4 powerful rosettes remain on it. If you properly care for your Florinda primula, it will thank you with long flowering, lasting from June to August. Also worth noting is the captivating aroma of flowers spreading throughout the garden. Please note that in winter delicate flower You will need a shelter that protects it from frost and gusts of wind.

Primula florinda is a bell-shaped species of primrose that thrives near bodies of water.

Early flowering varieties are of particular interest to gardeners, one of the representatives of which is Primrose Voronova. The plant is a fairly compact bush, growing up to 20 centimeters. It has ovoid basal leaves and delicate pinkish-purple flowers that form beautiful umbrella-shaped inflorescences. Flowering begins in April and continues until mid-May. This graceful flower will be an excellent addition to other hybrids.

By planting several varieties on your site that bloom at different times, you can enjoy the amazing flowering of primrose throughout the spring and summer.

Primula Voronova - an early small variety of the species Primula acaulis

Primrose small

This low-growing variety will undoubtedly appeal to lovers of miniature plants. It looks great both as an independent plant and as an addition to flower arrangements from other varieties. Under natural conditions, the small primrose is found in rocky areas of Central and Southern Europe. The height of an adult bush is only 5-7 centimeters, and the width is 10-12 centimeters. The flowering period falls in mid-May to late June. Please note that the flower should be transplanted into humus-rich, well-drained acidic soil, otherwise a small number of flowers will form on the bush.

Small primrose is a miniature variety of primrose that most often grows in rocky areas

Primrose Julia is one of the most popular varieties cultivated in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. Its main advantage is long and abundant flowering, which lasts from April to May. Even novice gardeners can grow and propagate this variety, because it is unpretentious, hardy and resistant to low temperatures. Its jagged leaves are rich green. Typically used as a ground cover or border plant to crowd out unsightly weeds.

Primrose Julia is a small ground cover species primrose from Transcaucasia, which is unpretentious and blooms for a long time

It is a herbaceous perennial with a short horizontal rhizome. Spring primrose has oblong, wrinkled, obovate foliage. There are species with vaguely crenate or serrated leaves, forming a loose basal rosette, from the middle of which a bare peduncle emerges. Five-membered, dimorphic yellow flowers reach up to 15 millimeters in diameter. They droop slightly to one side, have a ten-toothed calyx and form an umbrella-shaped inflorescence tilted to the side.

This is a long-blooming species, so enjoy bright colors you can from May to early July.

Spring primrose or veris is considered a medicinal plant, often used for decoctions and infusions

Primrose high

Perhaps the name speaks for itself: the tall primrose can grow up to 35 centimeters in height. It reaches this size thanks to a powerful root system, which is formed by many cord-like brown roots. The leaf blades are lanceolate or ovoid in shape and covered with small wrinkles. Often the edges of the leaves of the plant are framed with small teeth, and their inner side covered with grayish hairs. Small flowers (diameter 2-3 cm) are collected in lush umbrella-shaped brushes. Primrose is not only beautiful, but also fragrant, so plant several perennial bushes near the gazebo.

The main difference between tall primroses is their long peduncles.

Primrose rejected (Siebold's primrose)

This herbaceous perennial is medium in size and can reach up to 25 centimeters in height. It has a thin, highly branched, long rhizome. Lanceolate-oval, toothed leaves are located on elongated petioles. Often there are hybrids whose leaf blades are densely covered with tiny fibers. Peduncles with large flowers rise majestically above green bush. Depending on the variety, the buds, collected in umbrella-shaped inflorescences, can be colored pink, purple or soft purple with a white throat. Flowering lasts from early May to June.

Primula Siebold is a Japanese variety of primrose with serrated leaves.

Pink primrose is a spring perennial that enchants with its incredible beauty and bright colors. The height of an adult plant is 30 centimeters. It has wrinkled leaves narrowed into a small petiole and long arrows (20-30 cm). The buds are brightly colored pink color and form umbrella-shaped inflorescences. More often this type used for decorating lawns and borders. For rapid growth and abundant flowering, the bush requires loose, fertile soil and a large amount of moisture, so it should be watered abundantly and fertilizers should be added to the soil.

Pink primrose is great for growing on an alpine hill

Primula Bisa

The bush is formed by oblong leaves of an obovate shape, collected in rosettes. The leaf blade is narrowed towards the base, has a blunt apex and is covered with small teeth along the edges. The variety is distinguished by rather dense, hard, long (up to 50 cm) peduncles, which are covered with a slight powdery coating. They contain bright candelabra inflorescences consisting of 8-16 large flowers. They are collected in whorls and form from 2 to 8 tiers on the peduncle. The opened bud reaches 2 centimeters in diameter. Depending on the variety you choose, the buds may be pink, raspberry or carmine in color.

Primula byssus is a candelabra species of primrose.

As a rule, the presented variety is grown as a biennial, but perennial cultivation is also possible. Beautiful, long (up to 40 cm) leaves have an uneven serrated border and fall off in the winter. The inflorescences are located on high (up to 50 cm) peduncles in 5-7 tiers. The flowers can be yellow-orange or Orange color, flowering lasts from June to July. Primrose Bullea looks great near ponds and streams, and is also well suited for creating flower arrangements.

When placing a plant in open ground You should take care of reliable winter shelter, since the flower does not tolerate low temperatures.

Primula Bullea is a candelabra species of primrose with tiered flowers.

One of the tallest types. The peduncles are quite thin, but despite this, they can reach up to 75 centimeters in length. Powerful, erect stems are covered with a slight powdery coating. The leaves have an oval or lanceolate shape and are collected in a dense basal rosette. The drooping buds make up lush multi-flowered umbrella-shaped apical inflorescences, located on the peduncle in several tiers. The funnel-shaped corolla is pale yellow or cream in color. The flowering period occurs in May-June. The plant can withstand frosts down to -23°C and prefers to grow in wetlands or well-moistened areas.

It is a compact bushy perennial that does not grow higher than 20 centimeters. The basal leaves converge into delicate rosettes, from which arrow-peduncles rise majestically. Spatulate-lanceolate leaves can be entire or finely toothed. The foliage, stems and peduncles are covered with a whitish-yellow powdery coating. Flowers of purple, pinkish-lilac or deep purple have a bright throat and are collected in umbrella-shaped racemes.

The plant blooms from May to June, but with proper care, re-blooming is possible in early September.

Powdery primrose is a primrose with umbrella-shaped inflorescences and the presence of a white or yellow coating on the plants

This variety is usually cultivated indoors, placing a flowerpot with a bush on a windowsill or balcony (in summer period) apartments. It is a herbaceous annual plant that grows up to half a meter. The leaves, collected in a dense rosette, are attached to dense petioles. The leaf blade may be oval or heart-shaped, as well as an unusual serrated border. Leafless pedicels rise above the bush, on which there are several whorls. As a rule, the inflorescence consists of 10-20 small fragrant flowers. The buds can be colored pink, red or snow-white, the throat is yellow. The plant will delight you with colorful flowers in the middle of winter, giving you a spring mood.

Primrose softleaf is usually suitable for growing indoors

This is a perennial with beautiful grayish-green, serrated, round-heart-shaped leaves, covered with a pronounced powdery coating. Umbrella-shaped inflorescences of tiny yellow flowers are located on tall peduncles. As a rule, the length of the peduncle varies from 20 to 30 centimeters, and the diameter of the flower does not exceed 1 centimeter. The buds are very thin, pleasant aroma, so the plant is often placed near gazebos or houses.

Primrose cussica - another type of primrose for growing indoors

Chinese primrose

It is a herbaceous perennial. A bush placed in the garden usually grows up to 30 centimeters. It has petiolate leaves of a round-heart-shaped shape, collected in a powerful rosette and reaching 10-15 centimeters in length. The edge of the leaf blade is serrated. Umbrella inflorescences are located on high peduncles. The flowers are quite large (4 cm). There are varieties with snow-white, pink, red or orange buds, as well as wavy petals. The Chinese primrose will bloom annually only if after each flowering you artificially arrange a dormant stage for it.

The structure of Primula sinensis Primula sinensis is perfect for growing both in the garden and at home

The reverse conical primrose comes from China and is one of the tallest members of the family. An adult plant reaches a height of more than half a meter, has pubescent oval leaves with a heart-shaped base, located on oblong petioles. The edges of the leaf blade are slightly wavy. At the root, the foliage gathers into several powerful rosettes. Leafless flower stalks grow up to 25 centimeters, the inflorescences are umbrella-shaped. The color of the buds depends on the chosen hybrid. There are varieties on the market with scarlet, blue, snow-white or pink flowers.

Please note that fragrant flowers can cause allergies in people sensitive to strong odors. In this case, we recommend giving preference to special hypoallergenic hybrids, bred by breeders specifically to prevent allergic reactions.

Obconical primrose has another name - Primula obconica

We have presented to your attention the most common types of primroses, but in Lately Hybrids such as polyanthus primrose, terry primrose, obconica, acaulis, colossea, Elizabeth Killeley evening primrose, denim, Dutch and roseanne are becoming increasingly popular. Of particular interest are the mix varieties, which are a mixture of different species planted in one container.

How to care for primrose at home

Breeding primrose is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. Having familiarized yourself with the basic recommendations of experts on creating optimal conditions for a flower, you can grow a healthy plant and even propagate it.

Lighting

Perennial primrose is distinguished by a wide variety of varieties, allowing you to get aesthetic pleasure from contemplating beautiful flowers throughout the spring and autumn period. Almost all varieties suitable for growing in garden conditions are unpretentious, so an area of the garden where other plants do not want to grow may be suitable for primrose. When caring for primrose, you should remember that this flower prefers diffused lighting; direct sunlight is harmful to it.

Planting a plant requires compliance with a number of simple rules. Primrose varieties that prefer direct sunlight are very few in number, so when choosing a place to grow these bright flowers, you should focus on shaded areas and semi-shaded flower beds.

Primroses are unpretentious in care, but it is preferable to choose places with diffused lighting for them.

Temperature

In summer it is better to keep the plant on open balcony or in the garden. After the end of the flowering season and with the onset of cold weather, home primrose becomes full-fledged indoor flower. Primrose is perfect for growing outdoors as it prefers cool temperatures. For example, it is better to keep house flowers at 16-20°C, and during flowering it is recommended to move them to a northern windowsill. Naturally, the plant will grow well even with normal room temperature, but in this case you should not hope for long-term flowering. Sometimes, pots of primrose are even placed between the frames of old windows to provide it with optimal conditions.

In summer, it is better to take indoor primroses out into the open air.

Humidity

The flower signals a lack of moisture by drying out the edges of the leaves. The atmosphere around the primrose should be moist; from time to time the leaves should be sprayed with warm and soft water.

Primroses are moisture-loving flowers

How to water primrose

During the dormant period, when the flower does not bloom, it is watered moderately, avoiding excess moisture that can destroy the roots of the primrose. During flowering, primrose requires abundant watering, so as soon as the soil on the surface of the flowerpot begins to dry out, moisten it with settled water. warm water. Watering should be done directly under the root, otherwise the tender leaves may rot.

Top dressing

Care at home involves mandatory feeding of the plant. Most gardeners do not recommend feeding the plant with too rich fertilizer; it is better to dilute it greatly. It is preferable to apply the fertilizing itself comprehensively, starting from the moment the buds appear. Before the first signs of flowering, you should not fertilize the plant, as it will refuse to bloom and will devote all its energy to the leaf. During the period of active flowering, primrose should be fed every 14 days.

Bloom

As already noted, during flowering primrose requires cool temperatures, high humidity air and abundant watering. You should also not forget about fertilizing, which will help somewhat prolong flowering and give the plant the necessary components to form colorful buds.

How to speed up primrose flowering

To speed up flowering and stimulate plant growth, it is sprayed by special means. A 0.01% gibberellin solution is perfect. Such preparations should be used at the stage when buds are just beginning to form on the primrose

You can speed up the flowering of primroses using a 0.01% gibberellin solution

Primrose care after flowering

After the flowering period, the plant should be pruned, faded buds should be removed from the bush and the primrose should be prepared for wintering. It is recommended to reduce watering and moistening; fertilizing should be done no more than once a month.

How to prune primrose

Pruning involves removing flower stalks with faded inflorescences. This procedure is carried out so that the primrose does not waste energy on forming seeds. Thus, you somewhat prolong flowering and stimulate blooming following colors. Also, do not forget to trim off yellowing and wilted leaves.

How does primrose reproduce?

This bright and positive flower is not only easy to care for, but also provides gardeners with several options for propagation:

growing from seeds;
plant cuttings;
dividing the bush.

Let's look at each of them in more detail.

How to grow primrose from seeds

Recently, the method of propagating primrose by seeds has become increasingly popular. Despite the fact that experts consider this method to be the most energy-intensive and labor-intensive, many amateurs prefer it. Primulas grown from seeds surprise owners with unexpected colors and a riot of colors, while the characteristics of the mother plant are not always preserved.

Before sowing primrose seeds, it is better to stratify them

At home, primrose is grown from seeds using the same technologies that are used when propagating garden flowers:

Before planting in the soil, the seeds are kept in a cold place for several days (this procedure is called stratification);
after aging, the seeds are planted in moist soil to a depth of 5 millimeters; primrose can also be sown in peat tablets;
after the first shoots (after four to six weeks), the sprouts are carefully observed, waiting for the first leaves to appear;
the appearance of the first leaves serves as a signal for plants to pick;
grown seedlings are planted several at a time in one pot.

Please note that primrose from seeds blooms only in the second or third year.

Dividing the bush

This method is considered the most popular among gardeners due to its simplicity and accessibility, especially since this procedure should be carried out regularly: young bushes must be separated from old ones so that the plants do not interfere with each other. The overgrown primrose is dug out of the ground, the roots are washed under running water and divided with a sharp knife. The separated plant is immediately planted in the ground and provided with daily watering.

Garden primrose reproduces well by dividing the bush

Cuttings

The cutting method is considered a little less popular. By the way, this method is more preferable for the primrose itself. Photos demonstrating the cutting procedure can be easily found on the Internet. When cutting, first of all, make a small incision on the upper part of the root, which will provoke the growth of buds. After the shoot grows, it is transplanted into the soil and watered regularly.

Leaf cuttings

Leaf cuttings are also excellent for propagation. To do this, you should select several strong leaves, shorten them by one third, and then treat them with a special stimulator for root formation. The resulting seedlings are planted in individual pots with substrate, deepening the cuttings by 2 centimeters. Until a pair of true leaves appear, the small primrose should be kept under a special shelter.

How to transplant primrose

If you were given this beautiful flower or you purchased it from flower shop Most likely, you will have to replant the plant. This is the only way you can be sure that the soil and pot size are ideal for your primrose. Transplantation is also carried out at the end of the flowering period.

The soil

Primrose is known as a grateful flower, sensitive to care. Experts say that the main care requirement to ensure plant comfort is maintaining an optimal level of soil moisture in which perennial primrose grows. Planting a flower requires a high-quality selection of soil mixture.

Due to the weakness of the root system inherent in most types of primroses, the soil under these flowers should be loose and permeable, clean, and free from weeds.

Choosing a pot and planting

If you live in the city and want to decorate your windowsill with a wonderful flower - potted primrose will be best choice. It does not require a large flowerpot. It is enough for it to be approximately twice the size of the bush. To begin, fill the pot one-third full with drainage, then pour part of the substrate into it, consisting of a special soil mixture and sand. Remove the plant from the old pot, shake off the soil thoroughly and place it in a new one, placing the root collar closer to the surface. Be very careful with the roots so as not to damage them. Now all you have to do is water the primrose generously with purified water and fill the soil to the required level. Be careful not to get water on the delicate leaves, otherwise they may rot.

When the indoor primrose grows, it is transplanted into a larger pot.

Planting in open ground

Experts recommend planting primrose in spring or autumn. The most suitable period will be from the end of May to the beginning of June. Choose a shaded place for the plant, protected from direct sunlight. Only alpine primrose hybrids can be planted in the sun. Before planting, you should thoroughly loosen and moisten the soil and apply complex fertilizers. It is also necessary to take care of drainage to prevent water from stagnating in the ground. If the soil in your garden plot is excessively heavy and clayey, make it somewhat lighter by adding a mixture of sand, manure, vermiculite and moss. The distance you need to maintain when planting primrose largely depends on the variety you choose. For miniature hybrids, 10-15 centimeters will be sufficient, but tall species need twice as much space, so they are planted 20-30 centimeters from each other. The fit must be quite tight, otherwise flower composition will look unaesthetic. The application of complex fertilizers will help to accelerate the growth and increase the flowering time of the plant.

Grown primumul seedlings from pots are transplanted into open ground

Primrose care after planting

After planting, primrose takes some time to take root and adapt to the new place. During this period, seedlings need regular watering, loosening the soil and fertilizing. Don’t forget to remove weeds weekly that interfere with the development of the flower’s root system. In summer, watering is doubled, increasing water consumption to 3 liters per 1 m².

It is recommended to use complex mineral fertilizers well diluted with water as top dressing. The dosage indicated in the instructions is usually reduced by 1.5-2 times, and the feeding procedure is carried out weekly. Also alternate phosphorus and potassium mixtures to make it easier for the perennial to regain strength after the formation of lush buds.

Diseases and pests of primrose

The most common cause of various diseases and pests is improper flower care. For example, yellowing leaves indicate insufficient air humidity or primrose content at excessively high temperatures, excessive watering or fertilizing. Too frequent and abundant watering often leads to the plant being affected by gray rot, which destroys the stems and root system of the plant. Adjust the watering system, remove wilted stems and replant the primrose in a new substrate. As for pests, primrose most often suffers from spider mites or aphids. Treatment with an insecticide for indoor plants will help get rid of them.

If not properly cared for, primroses can be affected by gray rot.

Primrose is not only an excellent ornamental plant, but also a storehouse of healing substances. This is no secret, because it has long been used in folk medicine. For example, the benefits of decoctions and tinctures using primrose flowers and leaves have long been proven by scientists. Capsules, herbal teas and other preparations are made based on the plant. Naturally, any remedy can be used only on the recommendation of the attending physician, who will indicate the required dosage and describe the exact regimen of use. Primrose oil is most widely used because it has a number of beneficial properties. It is taken for women's diseases and cycle disorders, diseases of the cardiovascular system, mental disorders and even during pregnancy. The range of uses is quite wide, so primrose oil should be in every medicine cabinet. Please note that the purchase of medicinal products should be carried out exclusively in a pharmacy, since a drug purchased in a supermarket or on the market may not meet quality standards and cause harm to the body. As for manufacturers, there are many good reviews has products from Solgar and Ginocomfort.

The second name of this wonderful flower is primrose. This is completely logical, considering that it is he who holds the “palm” among spring flowers. Garden primrose is distinguished by a variety of varieties, is unpretentious in care and does not require much attention. Basic growing rules spring primrose described in our information.

Primrose varieties

A variety of varieties and colors will allow you to experiment with a suitable site design. Despite its inconspicuous size, garden primrose has additional benefit - bright inflorescences. The petals are double, simple, and uneven in color. Classification is carried out according to the arrangement of inflorescences.

The following types are distinguished:

Umbrella primroses. The largest "family", which includes the spring primrose, pubescent, multi-flowered, tall, auricular, rejected and pink. It will also be interesting to know how this happens
Umbrella primroses
Capitate primroses. Otherwise, they are also called spherical, and the most common are capitate and fine-toothed primroses from this species. But the photo from the article will help you understand how this happens.
Capitate primroses
Candelabra primroses. The arrangement of inflorescences is in peculiar tiers; among the most popular varieties are Japanese, primrose “Bulleya” and “Bisa”.
Candelabra
Bell-shaped primroses. The most common among them are: Sikkimese, mealy and Florinda primrose.
Campanulates

The differences between the species are not so noticeable, especially since breeding work makes it possible to obtain more and more varieties of this plant literally every year. On sale, primroses are often labeled not by variety, but by the color of the inflorescences. Most often they sell grown flowers with pronounced decorative effect. To extend the life of such a gift, you need to know the basic rules of plant agriculture.

Agricultural technology of primroses

A purchased pot with a plant should not be immediately subjected to additional stress and planted in open ground. It is usually believed that a faded primrose can simply be thrown away, because it is not at all easy to achieve re-blooming. However, if we are talking about perennial plant, the main thing is to adhere to the following rules.

The main subtleties of growing primrose:

This plant can take root even on infertile soil, so there is no need to allocate the best site for it.
The distance between bushes should be at least 10 centimeters for miniature varieties, and accordingly 25 cm for large ones.
The soil must be well moistened, and the top layer must be loosened regularly.
Fertilizing must be carried out with any mineral complex for flowering plants, just reduce the concentration by half. It is not advisable to use nitrogen components for primrose, because flowering in this case will be replaced by lush foliage. Potassium and phosphorus complexes best stimulate the formation of buds.
In hot weather, the frequency of watering is doubled so that the roots of the plant do not die. In this case, it is desirable that moisture does not fall on the leaves of the plant, so drip watering would be preferable.
You can plant a potted plant only after the last buds have fallen. Transplantation is carried out by transferring an earthen clod into a previously prepared hole.
For cold climates, it is necessary to consider a winter shelter. These can be dry leaves, straw and agrofibre. In order for the plant to be guaranteed to survive at subzero temperatures, the thickness of the shelter must be at least 5 - 7 centimeters.
To extend the flowering period of the plant, it is necessary to cut off the faded buds. This will help save energy for new flowers. Damaged or dry leaves should also be removed from the bush.
To obtain larger inflorescences, it is recommended to thin out the ovaries and buds. Usually the largest and most promising ones are left on the bush, and the rest must be gotten rid of. How to care after flowering Hyacinth in open ground is described in great detail in this

In the video - growing garden perennial Primrose:

Very important nuance: Leaves should not be cut in autumn. This serves as a natural shelter for the plant's roots. After the last snow has melted and the first shoots appear, the dried leaves are removed so that the bush looks neat and beautiful.

Reproduction

After the bush has become sufficiently strong and grown, you can try dividing it into separate parts. Sufficiently mature plants, at least three years old, are suitable for this.

The algorithm for dividing a bush is quite simple. To do this, you need to carefully dig it out of the ground and clean the roots. After this, cut with a knife approximately in the middle, leaving enough strong roots and stems on both parts.

If the plant has not yet grown much, you can propagate primrose by cuttings. To do this, a strong root is separated from the underground part of the bush, preferably with layering. It must be pruned and then planted separately from the mother plant. and here is how Aquilegia is propagated by seeds, in great detail. with photo, described in this

In order for germination to be as successful and fast as possible, it is necessary to position the root horizontally, having previously made several punctures along the length. This will help sprout shoots faster, and fertilizers with stimulating substances and good watering will contribute to this.

Growing from seeds

Despite the length of this process, growing primrose from seeds is not difficult even for inexperienced gardeners. Three periods are suitable for this, each of which is characterized by its own nuances.

Basic landing rules:

Planting “in winter” is considered the most effective. The soil will receive enough moisture, and a good shelter will protect it from freezing. Planted primroses do not need additional care, A early varieties capable of first flowering as early as next spring.
For the spring period, it is optimal to choose the end of February - beginning of March. At this time, pre-germinated seeds are planted in prepared soil. To create optimal conditions of temperature and humidity, it is better to use plastic film or glass. Plants are transplanted into open ground only after the ground has completely warmed up, and in case of night frosts it is necessary to think about a fairly reliable shelter.
In summer, you can plant seeds directly from faded plants. The disadvantage is considered to be an insufficient degree of soil moisture during this period. That is why it is necessary to provide partial shade and, if necessary, mulch the soil. But you can see what low-growing flowers look like for a flower bed that bloom all summer long in the photo in this

In the video - growing flowers from seeds:

Growing primrose from seeds will take at least two to three years, because flowering will occur precisely after this period of time. The rows of seedlings must be dense, because primrose is perennial

Primrose- one of the most popular and favorite plants among our flower growers. In nature, these flowers can be found almost throughout the Eurasian continent in temperate latitudes, in humid areas of the highlands.

But, like all plants, primrose has the ability to adapt to other growing conditions, which is why it has been successfully cultivated by gardeners around the world, including Russia, for centuries.

Description of primrose

Primrose primrose- one of the most diverse and widespread early flowering plants. There are up to 550 species in total. Most often it is a perennial, herbaceous or semi-shrub crop, but both annual and biennial primroses are also found.

The underground part of the primrose is a rhizome with roots. The leaves are always collected in a small basal rosette, but they can take on a variety of shapes - lanceolate, oblong-oval, oval.

Given the species diversity of primroses, the leaves may have an uneven surface or a dense, leathery texture. The leaves can live either only one season, dying off after the first frost, or overwinter under snow cover and come to life for the new season.

Primrose flowers have a tubular structure with bipartite or solid petals.

Primrose color have the most variety, there are single-colored, two-colored and tricolored plants. Terry primroses have been bred by breeders. Often the flowers have an eye. A peduncle without leaves produces one or more flowers collected in spherical, umbrella-shaped or pyramidal inflorescences.

Primrose gives fruits in the form of seed boxes. The seeds in the boxes are small, dark brown, cylindrical or spherical in shape. Flowering period is spring. There are species that bloom in summer.

Useful properties of primrose

Even the ancient Greeks valued medicinal properties of primrose (primrose), and this is not surprising. The root system of this plant is included in the composition of diaphoretic, diuretic and expectorant drugs that help to start the processes of secretion of sputum from the respiratory tract.

Decoctions of primrose roots are used in folk medicine for insomnia, decoctions of leaves are used for vitamin deficiency, neurosis, headaches, tinctures for the treatment of gout, rheumatism, and skin rashes.

The agricultural technology for growing this crop is not that complicated. In this article we want to tell you about how to grow primrose in open ground and in the garden. We will not dwell on the description of this family of early flowering ones; you can read about the varieties and types of primroses in.

Growing primrose in open ground

What is the best place to plant primroses?

First of all, you should decide place for planting primroses. Regardless of the variety and place of their natural growth, in our natural conditions, professional flower growers recommend shaded areas of the garden for primroses. deciduous trees(or pears) or bushes, flower beds and hillocks that are not exposed to the afternoon rays of the sun, wet coastal zones reservoirs.

Moisture and soil requirements for planting primroses

Hydration

The soil for primroses should be loose and moisture-absorbing. In other words, primroses should receive a large amount of moisture, but the liquid should not stagnate and over-moisten the soil.

IN spring period, in April-May, hydration should be the most intense, because in nature, when the snow melts in the mountains, primroses literally drown in water. Often in our conditions there is little rain at this time, so take care that the primroses do not dry out, otherwise the plants will weaken and lose their decorative qualities.

Helpful advice: Varieties such as Siebold's primrose are best grown by immersing their root system 1-2 cm in water.

The soil

Regardless of where the ancestors of your primrose grew before, in mountain crevices with poor soils, or along mountain rivers, or among alpine meadows with rich fertile soils, V garden culture primroses should be provided with loose, well-manured soils - light and clayey. Such soil retains nutrients, is well saturated with moisture and drains fairly quickly.

If your area is heavy clay soil, this drawback is easily eliminated by adding 1 sq.m. landing area:

buckets of sand,
crushed sphagnum moss,
vermiculite,
2 kg or rotted silage.

The easiest way to do this is to remove 20 cm of the top layer of soil on the site and replace it with a suitable nutrient mixture. A year later, in the fall, it will be sufficient to add only mineral potassium-phosphorus fertilizers to such soil.

Lack of light soils in low content nutrients. Such soils are enriched with:

5 kg of old humus,
10 kg of leaf (compost) soil,
5 kg of old peat,
20 g of phosphorus-potassium and 15 g of nitrogen fertilizers

per 1 sq.m of landing area.

Primrose care

These plants do not require special care. The main thing is to provide the necessary amount of moisture and sufficient air flow to the primrose root system. To maintain proper nutrient levels, be sure to regularly get rid of weeds.

Feeding primroses

During the growing season primroses should be fed three times per season potassium-phosphorus fertilizer and regularly organic fertilizer.

The first application of mineral fertilizers is done in early spring.
The second time - after 14-21 days.
The third time was in July.

All this time, do not forget to add slurry to the primrose bushes (mullein, horse or sheep manure), and in the fall you should enrich the place where you grow primroses with a 3 cm layer of nutrient substrate to a depth of 15-20 cm.

To preserve moisture, ensure aeration of the root system and prevent abundant germination of weeds, primrose plantings are mulched with a 5cm layer of gravel. In addition, it will serve as an excellent decorative addition to primrose plantings.

Helpful advice: To extend the flowering period of primroses, regularly pick off dried flowers.

Like all plants, primroses tend to grow. After 3-4 years, they can grow so large that they will be forced to crowd each other and bloom poorly. Therefore, in order to provide primroses with normal development conditions and nutritional properties of the substrate, the plant bushes should be divided and planted. It will be better if you not only plant the overgrown bushes, but also move the entire flower garden with primroses to another place.

Perennial plantings of primroses require protective shelter for the winter. First of all, it is important to preserve the foliage rosette of primrose until autumn - this is the plant’s natural protection from winter cold.

Helpful advice: The rosette of such varieties of primroses as Japanese, Florinda and Fine-toothed is not retained entirely, only 3-4 leaves are left, this significantly reduces the likelihood of primrose becoming infected with rot of the root collar and leaves, and also allows the plant to form larger and bright flowers to spring.

Mulching for the winter is easiest done at the end of autumn with a 10 cm layer of tree leaves.

Diseases and pests of primroses

Most often primroses are susceptible the following diseases:

rust,
rot of the ground part,
bacterial leaf spot,
powdery mildew,
anthracnose,
jaundice,
viruses and cucumber mosaic,

From pests Damage often occurs:

nematodes,
weevil,
fleas,
beetles, etc.

Primroses bring the biggest troubles fungus Ramularia cercosporella . This is evidenced by the appearance in last days spring, first pale and then brown spots with a yellow border on the leaves of the plant.

When sporulation of mushrooms begins, and this usually happens in the second half of July, the spots become covered with a whitish coating. This leads to wilting and drying of the leaves, cessation of flowering, and weakening of the plant.

To prevent such situations, regularly inspect the primrose bushes. If you find affected leaves, remove and destroy them. Twice a year, immediately after flowering and in early spring treat the primrose plantings with the following compounds:

0.2% topsin, 2% basezol, 1.5% zineb,

0.5% copper oxychloride, 1% Bordeaux mixture.

In autumn, primroses should be sprayed with 1% nitrafen.

Interesting to know. Primrose Julia, Common, Spring and Tall primroses are most susceptible to this disease. Primula Ushkovaya, Primula Pink, and Pallas were found to be more resistant to damage by Ramularia cercosporella. Primroses Japanese, Florinda and Fine-toothed do not suffer from this fungus.

Reproduction of primroses

These plants can be propagated vegetatively(dividing the bush, cuttings), and using seeds.

Growing primroses from seeds

Requirements for seeds and substrate

Primroses produce a ripe seed capsule in the second half of summer. But when collecting seed material, one should take into account the fact that Primrose seeds lose their viability very easily. That's why for sowing, take only freshly harvested planting material.

In principle, you can sow primrose at any time of the year, but in the middle zone we recommend that you do this from the end of February. Try to find the most suitable day for this using. This way you will achieve better germination of seedlings and their normal development.

If you are planning to sow primroses at your summer cottage in open ground, then wait until the snow melts and prepare boxes or containers for sowing, digging them into the ground. This way you will reduce the likelihood of losing seedlings. At the same time, you will have to constantly ensure that the soil in the containers does not dry out, is not washed away by rainfall, and is not damaged by various pets.

You can plant primroses in a similar way in the summer immediately after the seed pods ripen, but then, to ensure normal seed germination during periods of summer drought, you will need a larger amount of planting material. Some gardeners sow primroses at the end of autumn. But Primrose gives the highest percentage of germination during seed propagation in the spring.

Containers for sowing

The most suitable for this are mini-greenhouses or containers, at the bottom of which there are drainage holes, with plastic, transparent lids. But you can use for these purposes any suitable container that allows you to set up a mini-greenhouse for seeds. You can even take an ordinary plastic food container with drainage holes drilled in the bottom.

Substrate for sowing

For most varieties of primrose, it is best to take a substrate, consisting of:

1/4 turf land,
1/2 leaf humus,
1/4 sand.

You can use ready-made flower soil, which is sold in stores. Just add 20-50% vermiculite and perlite or sphagnum moss if these components are not part of the mixture.

Fill the containers with the prepared substrate. It is possible, in the case of small Auricula seeds, to make a thin top layer of perlite. The soil should be slightly moistened with a spray bottle.

Sowing primrose seeds

These plants are sown on the soil surface at the rate of 5 grains per 1 sq. cm of sown area. This can be done using a napkin on which the seeds are poured, or using a toothpick, having first moistened its tip with water. The seeds need to be lightly pressed into the ground.

What is cold start and why is it needed?

In nature, many species of wild primroses grow at the base of glaciers. Therefore, in order to produce friendly shoots, the seeds of such varieties of primroses as Pink, Florinda, Japanese, Siebold, Vysokaya and Opuschenaya need cold start. This means that immediately after sowing, the containers are placed in the freezer (up to -10 degrees) or covered with snow for 3-4 weeks.

Primroses Siebold and Tall after cold start should be germinated in a dark room until sprouts appear. We do not recommend that amateur flower growers engage in such varieties of primroses; leave this to experienced breeders. But hybrid varieties do not need such a procedure.

Germination of seedlings

Before sprouts appear, direct sunlight does not pose any particular problems for greenhouses. But as soon as you notice the first shoots, be sure to take care of shading primroses and regularly moistening the soil using a spray bottle or syringe without a needle. Just don’t overdo it with watering, otherwise the seedlings will start to rot very quickly!

You should also begin to gradually acclimatization of sprouts. This means that it is necessary to periodically ventilate the greenhouses, slowly increasing the time period of ventilation until the seedlings grow and 2 fully formed leaves appear on them. Then you can remove the transparent protective cover or film from the containers. During the period of intensive seedling growth, the frequency of watering is increased.

Note. In order to sprout, primroses planted in the fall will need 14-18 weeks, and seeds sown in the spring, only a month.

Diving seedlings

It is advisable to do the picking 2 or 3 times. After 3 full leaves appear on the young plants, they should be planted. It makes sense to plant crops that are too dense and earlier in order to give them all the opportunity to develop normally. In this case, it is better to do this procedure using tweezers so as not to damage the delicate, fragile plant.

Make a pick every time the seedlings grow strongly.

Seedlings can be transplanted directly into the soil of the greenhouse, or into specially prepared boxes, and plant small varieties at a distance of 15 cm from each other, the distance between large primroses is up to 30 cm. At the same time, try to ensure that there is no free space between the leaves of neighboring primroses , this is unfavorable for them.

On permanent place growth Primroses are planted only in the second year of life in spring or autumn. Plants usually show their decorative properties in the third year of life.

How to save seed

In case of unfavorable weather conditions in winter, your primroses may freeze or dry out. To ensure that there are no empty spaces left in the flower garden, you should always have a supply of fresh seeds from last year’s harvest. These seeds are stored mixed with sand in the refrigerator or basement.

Reproduction of primroses by dividing the bush

You can start this procedure no earlier than after 3-5 years of growing primroses- early spring, or from the second half of July. Try not to plant primroses later than the first half of September, otherwise the plants that have not yet matured may freeze and lose their decorative qualities or even die.

It is important to know. Plant primroses that bloom in summer in spring.

In order to plant a plant, water it abundantly, carefully dig it up, carefully shake off the clod of earth from the roots and wash the roots in water. This will make it much more convenient for you to divide the bushes and at the same time injure the plant as little as possible.

Then the bush is divided into arbitrary parts with a knife, but it should be taken into account that the divisions must contain at least one renewal bud. The sections must be processed, then as quickly as possible, without allowing them to dry out, the cuttings must be planted in a new place. After the plants are planted in the ground, they should be watered and preferably provided with a label with the name of the variety and the date of propagation.

It will be better if you plant the divisions in such a way that there is no free space between the foliage of the rosettes, so the plants can protect themselves from drying out. For 2 weeks, seedlings need daily watering. In case of propagation in autumn, do not forget to carry out protective mulching for the winter.

Reproduction by cuttings

Reproduction of primroses by cuttings carried out using a technology similar to propagation by dividing a bush. But not all types of primroses can be propagated in this way.

Auricula Propagated by rooting leaf cuttings. To do this, in the fall, several leaves are separated from the rosette and planted in a greenhouse, while the cuttings should take root in 2-3 weeks. In spring, the plants are transplanted into open ground to a permanent location.

Toothed primrose easily propagated by root cuttings. The largest plants, from which several large thick roots are separated, are suitable for this procedure. In order for the root to form buds, make a longitudinal cut up to one and a half cm in its upper part. After this, the cuttings should be planted in light soil 3 cm deep. Next, we proceed as described above about leaf cuttings.

You can find out here.

Primrose in garden design in photographs

Border along the garden path made of primroses

Primrose in a flowerbed with daffodils

Flowerbed with primroses

When is the best time to start dividing primroses? The optimal time for this procedure is considered to be 3-5 years of cultivation, provided that the primrose grows sufficiently. Dividing should be done either in early spring or summer, preferably in late July or early August. However, replanting can be done immediately after flowering. First of all, dig up the plant and shake off the rhizome thoroughly, then wash off the remaining soil with water. In principle, division is possible without such preliminary preparation, but it will be much more pleasant and comfortable for you to work with a clean plant.
It is best to plant primrose bushes right now, in August and until the end of the first half of September. If planting is done later than the specified dates, the plant may freeze, as a result of which excessive bulging in the spring will simply interfere with its development. If you do encounter bulging problems, press the plant firmly into the ground immediately after the snow melts.
The bulk of primroses bloom in the spring, because it is in April and May that they bloom. active growth. After the primrose blooms and the ripening of the seeds is completed, summer dormancy begins, which continues until the beginning of August, when the plant wakes up and the growth of the root system, foliage and the formation of flower buds begin, which transform into excellent flowers in the spring of next year. Based on this, August until the first ten days of September, or early spring is considered a favorable period for dividing primroses. Garden types of primrose (tall, multicolor and Siebold) will tolerate replanting well during the flowering period, while it is advisable to replant fine-toothed primrose in early spring or August, avoiding the flowering period that occurs in the spring.

Summer-blooming Japanese primrose, Bis and Florinda primroses should also be replanted before flowering because of their low resistance to cold weather conditions.
Before digging up the primrose, it needs to be well moistened. Then the plant should be divided into pieces of arbitrary size using a knife. The main thing is that on each of them there is a flowering bud, at least in a single copy. Be sure to treat the cuts with ash. And be sure to make sure that the prepared seedlings do not dry out, if you do not want to ruin all your efforts. On the contrary, the sooner you plant and water them, the better the end result will be.

So, bushes divided into rosettes are planted at intervals of 10 to 15 centimeters, which increases to 30 centimeters when larger species are planted. When planting smaller species, try not to leave open space between the seedlings to avoid drying out the soil under the bushes due to the shadow created by their leaves. Water daily for at least ten days, especially in hot, dry weather. If planting is done in the fall, be sure to cover the primrose for the winter.
Note: the purpose of division can be not only reproduction, but also rejuvenation of primroses. Prolonged growth in one place has a detrimental effect on the flowering of old bushes, contributing to the exposure of part of the root system located close to the surface of the earth. The roots become extremely vulnerable: a winter with little snow causes them to freeze, and the heat causes them to dry out. That is why we advise you to annually cover the rhizome with nutritious soil from the second year of flowering.
Some types of primrose are easy to propagate by means of rosettes of leaves, which quickly take root both in greenhouses and in garden beds, provided there is coolness and shade. Rooting is completed within 20 days. In this way, the primrose overwinters, after which, in the spring, it can be planted in its main place of growth. Large species of primrose can also be propagated using root cuttings: for this, large roots are separated, in the upper part of which a cut up to one and a half centimeters long is made, after which they are planted at a depth of three centimeters in light soil. Further care is non-specific and is produced according to standard parameters.
Primrose is well adapted for cultivation in cool and humid climates due to its unpretentiousness, cold resistance and early, but long-lasting flowering.
Recently, growing primrose in various containers has become widespread. If you're going to follow this example, be sure to invest in water-holding gels, which make it much easier to keep the soil moist despite being prone to drying out.

Translated from Latin, primrose means "primrose". There are about five hundred species of this flower, but for home breeding no more than twenty are used. In its natural habitat, primrose prefers to settle on river banks and in the foothills. Southern Asia and Africa are considered to be the birthplace of these magnificent flowers, and they gained the greatest popularity in England. Every year the British hold exhibitions of their favorites, where new varieties appear.

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Perennial primrose: planting and care, photo

Appearance:

This unpretentious flower attracts more and more attention from gardeners every year. Amazing combination beauty and durability during cultivation makes it indispensable in home gardening.

Primroses, like all primroses, love humus-rich soils. Landing place should be in partial shade, and watering is moderate. Among them there are both tender and resistant varieties. For example, large-cupped spring primrose thrives in cool, damp climates. All varieties are divided into groups according to their main characteristics:

Growing primrose and caring for it

This flower can be planted three times a year. If you want primrose to appear in your garden in the spring, then start germinating the seeds already in the second half of February. Sow them in a box or any other container. A soil mixture is prepared from leaf soil, humus and sand, and the seeds are sprinkled with peat on top. Moisten them with a spray bottle and cover them with glass or film. Occasionally, the greenhouse is opened, the soil is moistened again and condensation is removed from the glass.

Thus, they germinate for a month, after which they are planted in a flower bed in the garden. If spring is cold, then seedlings are planted in peat pots and, together with the pots, are buried in the soil.

Considered the most effective landing for the winter. Thus, already in March you can see the first sprouts of primrose. In spring, the soil is very saturated with moisture, which means you don’t have to worry about soil moisture.

Planting in summer has its advantages and disadvantages. Seeds sown in August run the risk of ending up in dry soil, as summer drought prevents the soil from receiving sufficient moisture. Therefore, you should sow as many seeds as possible, of which half will sprout and survive.

After the sprouts germinate and rise a little, they are dug up and planted in a permanent place.

Reproduction

To grow perennial primrose, I use three methods: seeds, dividing the bush and propagation by leaves. Multiply by dividing the bush It is possible only in the fifth year of the plant’s life. Then the root is taken out of the ground, washed and divided into parts using a sharp knife. The sections should be sprinkled with ash. Each divided root must have at least one growth point. The roots are planted in the ground without delay. Thus, the bushes are perfectly rejuvenated.

Propagation using a leaf is carried out as follows: a leaf with a cutting and one bud is separated from the bush. Cut the leaf in half and plant it in a pre-prepared soil mixture. It should contain park soil, humus and sand. The leaf is germinated at a temperature of at least fifteen degrees, watering occasionally, and as soon as shoots appear from the bud and at least three leaves are formed, the cutting can be planted in open ground.

Landing place

These flowers love partial shade, although they tolerate heat and direct sunlight well. The planting area should be ventilated and slightly darkened. These flowers will feel great under trees and shrubs. If the place is open to the sun, then primrose from perennial risks becoming annual plant . By the end of the season, it is so weakened by the sun's rays that it withers completely and is no longer able to grow further. Its leaves become crowded and its inflorescences become smaller.

The soil

The soil must be loose and nutritious. The flower is not indifferent to well-fertilized soil. Suitable for her organic fertilizers in the form of rotted compost or manure. Usually take two buckets per one square meter beds with primroses. During the growth of green mass and budding, mineral fertilizers are used.

The distance between flowers should be at least thirty centimeters, and if the bushes are large, then forty centimeters.

It is recommended to plant in cloudy weather. Flowers are planted only after flowering has ended. If planting was carried out during a period of drought, then the flower is watered twice a week.

Temperature

Primrose tolerates frost well and overwinters well in the garden. At a temperature of minus six degrees, the plant does not need to be covered. Many gardeners try to play it safe and cover the bushes with bast leaves. If the winter is frosty, the primrose is dug up in October and taken indoors.

Pests and diseases

Like many garden plants primrose is attacked by pests. If not properly cared for, the flower can become susceptible to fungal diseases.

Popular varieties for growing in open ground

These flowers look great in combination with other plants. The designers have come up with a list of colors with which primrose feels most organic. These are: periwinkle, tulips, fern, and astilbe. Try to plant it in the shade of trees or bushes. It will look good near gazebos or fences.

Primula stemless

Primrose stemless is one of the most favorite varieties among gardeners. It has practically no flower stalk, and the leaves are lush and long. So, the length of the sheet reaches twenty-five centimeters with a width of six centimeters. Cream or white flowers grow singly. Flowering begins early in March and looks simply mesmerizing.

Variety Julia

This variety barely reaches ten centimeters. The leaves are oval-shaped with toothed edges. Blooms in lilac shades with small grooves. Single inflorescences are located on long peduncles.

Primula aurica

A low-growing variety with long dark green leaves. The petals, like the leaves, are covered with a whitish coating. The inflorescences are painted in pink, cream and yellow shades. Flowering begins in April and ends in mid-summer.

Mealy

Powdery primrose has a yellowish or whitish coating on the petals. The inflorescences grow in the form of an umbrella. This variety is very moisture-loving and completely frost-resistant.

Alpine

Alpine primrose has a variegated color. The core, as a rule, is a different color from the rest of the petals. It has no waxy or powdery coating.

Curtose

Curtose primrose has dark oval leaves and funnel-shaped flowers. The length of the flower stalk reaches forty centimeters. Inflorescences are umbrella-shaped and drooping.

Primula stemless growing from seeds and care

Primrose stemless is often used for filling free seats on a site located in the shade. Caring for it is not difficult, but it is somewhat different from other types of primroses.