During construction wooden houses timber with various types profiles: several teeth, comb or “Finnish” profile. What are these types of materials, why are they good and how do they differ from laminated timber? Let's try to clarify all these questions.
About glued and profiled timber
Glued laminated timber is made from a set of boards glued to each other, and profiled timber is a monolithic log.
The timber with the profile dries for about a year. The glued version is sold dried.
The sound and heat insulation properties of laminated veneer lumber are lower than those of profiled timber. The glue between the boards can sometimes dry out, and this reduces the thermal insulation of the wall.
Profiled material is cheaper.
Laying profiled timber requires a certain level of professionalism from installers.
Properties of various types of profiled material
Comb
A “comb” shaped beam is a product with a large number of cut teeth.
Their presence is a big plus, since there is no need for insulation. The tight contact of the teeth prevents cold air from penetrating through the walls.
The disadvantage of such materials is the complexity of the connection. With changes in temperature and humidity, the original shape is lost. Logs sometimes have to be fastened together using a sledgehammer, which can compromise their integrity.
If the “combs” are connected correctly, you will get very warm walls.
Best type for cold northern regions.
Finnish type profile
In terms of installation, this is a more convenient connection. The profiled beam has two tenons along the edges, which greatly simplifies the assembly process. Walls with this profile are practically not subject to shrinkage.
Proper connection requires experienced professionals.
In order for the profile to have good thermal insulation, insulation should be laid between the logs.
More suitable for regions where the climate is not very harsh.
Beam with three to four teeth
A more versatile option with wide studs. They practically do not deform during storage.
Collecting such a profile is much easier.
Each type of profiled timber has its own pros and cons.
Advantages of profile beams
This is a 100% solid wood monolith.
Profile basis - tree species from pine, spruce.
Products are processed using high-precision equipment.
The grooves are connected without gaps to the tenons of the opposite beams.
The purchase of various fasteners is excluded.
There is no adhesive in the timber. Therefore, it is durable even after time. There are no emissions harmful to human health. Therefore, the indoor microclimate, due to the absence of artificial layers, is quite comfortable.
In houses from profile material cool in hot weather and warm in cold weather.
Walls made of profiled timber reduce the cost of maintaining heat during the cold season.
It is not necessary to finish the walls. They already have an original natural look.
Profile beam not processed during construction protective compounds. This procedure is performed in a factory autoclave, which is much more efficient than manual coating.
There are also some disadvantages.
Disadvantages of profiled timber
Finishing of the house should be done only after it has settled. And this is about one year.
Dried logs may develop cracks.
Appearance buildings do not claim to modern style. Log walls look natural. Houses made from profiled timber are chosen by developers who give preference to naturalness and environmental friendliness.
One way or another, the pros of the profiled material are much greater than the cons. Depending on certain conditions, it is successfully used in construction.
« Dry leveling» walls and ceilings are the key to successful subsequent interior decoration the entire apartment. Drywall perfectly copes with the task assigned to it, while simultaneously increasing heat and sound insulation. This is probably why many apartment owners who decide to make renovations choose it for preliminary finishing work on leveling walls. But in order for the structure to give you everything you expect from it, you need to know what and how to make the sheathing from: metal profile or from wooden beam? The reliability of the installed sheathing, the duration of its operation and the smoothness of the walls in your home depend 90 percent on it.
What to choose: profile or timber?
There are not so many materials offered by construction markets and stores for sheathing (frame) for drywall: wood and metal. In some cases, manufacturers also offer plastic, but it is, firstly, too soft and bends under the influence of the weight of the gypsum board, and secondly, it is not as common as the previous two, and therefore is quite rarely used in repair work. Let's figure out what is most suitable for solving our problems.
A wooden frame is superior to a metal frame in only two respects.
- Price. The profile costs much more. Especially if you compare its cost with the costs of unedged board, or even a slab, which can well be used when installing sheathing for drywall made of wood.
- Strength of fixation of self-tapping screws. In a metal profile they are held in place by only one turn, in a beam - by each screw.
Despite these disadvantages, galvanization is usually still chosen, since making sheathing for plasterboard from metal is more reliable, of better quality, easier and faster. And the insufficient strength of the gypsum board fastening is eliminated more frequent installation self-tapping screws
What you need to know when installing sheathing
Exist certain rules How to make sheathing for drywall correctly. If you follow them, it will turn out to be reliable and strong, capable of serving the inhabitants of the apartment for many decades.
If you need to hide fairly large communications in the design (for example, fan pipe), a double set of rack and guide strips is installed, which are connected by cross members from profile scraps - this will increase the degree of rigidity of the box.
Errors when using the profile
Inexperienced drywallers repeat the same mistakes from generation to generation. Because of them, many are so disappointed in plasterboard structures, that in the future they begin to look for alternative ways. Meanwhile, it’s enough to just remember – and follow! - a few simple rules.
Profiled timber this is modern construction material which is made from coniferous trees by milling and planing. At the same time, a special profile is attached, such material is easy to lay, thanks to the tenons and grooves, the walls are assembled from it like a constructor, which significantly saves time and money, the walls remain geometrically smooth, thanks to the rigid coupling, in the form of a lock and do not require further finishing.
Types of profiles and sizes
Exists three main sizes profiled timber: (dimensions are indicated in clean form)
- 140 per 90 mm (wall thickness 9 cm) - For country houses and mainly goes like a partition beam
- 140 per 140 mm (wall thickness 14 cm) the most popular timber size, the so-called “golden mean”
- 140 per 190 mm (wall thickness 19 cm) used for cottages and houses for permanent residence
By profile type:
- Finnish- the beam profile has two pronounced spikes
- Comb- It has a large number of thorns
- Scandinavian- this is a subspecies with a comb profile.
- Lunar- or in other words, a “block house”, semicircular on the outside and smooth on the inside, the most popular look timber
- Smooth- the profile is smooth on both sides, with beveled chamfers.
By degree of humidity:
- timber natural humidity (25-40%)
- Chamber drying timber (forced) (no more than 20%)
By harvesting season:
- Winter forest(raw materials for timber, prepared in winter)
- Summer forest
Production technology
For the production of profiled timber they use conifers wood, spruce or pine. We take blanks of unplaned timber measuring 150 by 100, 150 by 150 or 150 by 200 mm, depending on the size we want to obtain. Using the milling method, 0.5 cm is removed from both sides, while the beam is given a profile (a semicircle on one side or even sides, two tenons or a comb), in the other two a profile is formed in the form of a “tenon and groove” At the output we get a planed timber profiled on 4 sides, the whole process takes 1-2 minutes per 1 piece. (beam 6.0 meters long). Profiling is carried out on special four-sided planing machines profile cutters.
The photo shows standard blanks of unplaned timber, ready for milling and profiling
Timber after profiling in stacks, ready for shipment to the sawmill
Close-up, beam profile from the outside under the “block house” (lunar)
The profile of the timber is smooth on both sides with natural humidity under a canopy before shipment
Important: Finish walls made of such timber must be sawn down and cut into a root tenon (another name for a “warm corner”) or its variety, dovetail. Between the crowns they always lay interventional insulation jute.
Cutting the corners of houses, only in the root tenon, according to GOST 30974−2002
Jute insulation between each crown of timber main walls and partitions
Thanks to the tenons and grooves, the timber is connected into a rigid, geometrically even structure
For reference:
In one cube of timber 150 by 100 mm - 11 pcs.
In one cube of timber 150 by 150 mm - 7.0 pcs.
In one cube of timber 150 by 200 mm - 5.5 pcs.
This affects the cost of a log house; for example, a house of equal size and area made of 150 by 200 mm timber will always be more expensive. Since the number of beams in a cube is smaller, which means more cubes are needed for construction, take this into account when requesting or planning the construction of a future home
The choice of timber profile does not affect the cost (you can choose either a lunar profile (under the “block house” from the outside) or even on both sides).
- We have own production profiled timber.
- There are two in production drying chambers, at your service, chamber drying timber.
- And also timber for winter harvesting.
On modern market building materials there are several modifications of profiled timber. There are products with a semicircular front edge, straight, smooth with a chamfer of sizes 20x20 cm - 10x10 cm of square, rectangular cross-section.
Before you purchase profiled timber, you need to find out which profile is better, and how specialist consultations will help.
Regardless of the cross-section, type of decorative front edge, wood material, profiled timber can have one of two main profiles or an intermediate one. The main profiles include Scandinavian (Finnish), German (“comb”), intermediate profiles are combinations of tongues/grooves.
Scandinavian timber profile
IN Finnish version longitudinal locking connection, the timber has two wide tenons in the upper part with a recess between them. A mirror pattern is milled on the opposite side - a middle protrusion, wide grooves on the sides. When laying the walls of a log house, the profile is additionally thermally insulated and sealed with a sealant:
- jute, tow, polymer materials, sealant fill the lower part
- the middle wide tenon of the upper crown fits into a reciprocal groove with a small gap intended for shrinkage of the structure when the material is completely dry during operation
Classic rounding is similar in installation scheme to this version of the beam profile. Profiled products with a Scandinavian longitudinal lock are more convenient for redevelopment and the manufacture of extensions:
- The crowns are easily disassembled and installed in place
- There is no complex cut when making bowls
Having chosen profiled timber for construction, you need to decide which profile is best for a particular project. Many experts believe that the sealing tape, which is used only in the Scandinavian type of longitudinal lock, adds reliability to the joints.
German timber profile
The design of wooden houses with longitudinal locks of German timber profiles ensures a permanent connection after a short period of operation. After drying, the labyrinthine circuit is reliably jammed, and the walls become inseparable.
Externally, the locking connection resembles a comb in cross section, which is where the material gets its name. Depending on the cross-section of the profiled beam, there may be 4-6 medium grooves on the edges (20x20 cm, 10x10 cm, respectively).
- in this case, the geometry of the products is unstable;
- problems arise in the construction area when the tenons/grooves do not match;
- when choosing a German profile, a seal is not used - the grooves are too small to accommodate foreign material;
- there is an opinion that German locks are easier to operate due to the lack of insulation;
In the classic Finnish timber profile, the bowls are semicircular; for sealing, a wide tape is placed in the middle part, and a sealing cord is placed in the side grooves. In practice, straight bowls are more often used, compaction only in the central part of the profile or only on the sides polymer materials. In the German profile, the sealing technology in the bowls is selected individually, depending on the gaps present in the connection. Complex labyrinth geometry is considered optimal for the absence of blowing through the walls.
Experts, answering the question: “what profile for construction wooden house better?" - they agree that, in all respects, the material with factory bowls wins. Their production in the building area is too complicated, the gaps increase, requiring excess sealant, and the aesthetics of the perception of the log house decreases.
Profiled timber "comb"
The profiled timber comb is great solution for people who appreciate high level life. Regular maintenance of a wooden structure ensures comfortable living in houses made from a comb profile. Samples of the product usually have 3 - 4 tenons and beveled chamfers, which makes it possible to build reliable houses that meet modern requirements. Since there is no gap when laying the comb profile, there is no need for a wall seal.
Corrugated timber is manufactured using technology developed to minimize the thickness of the inter-crown seam. This method of manufacturing the material eliminates the need to caulk the cracks that form between the beams during the construction of walls. The tenon-in-groove technology ensures the tightest possible fit of individual elements, so it’s easy to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of this material.
The German profile, which has a “comb” pattern, is optimal solution when choosing building materials. The presence of a large number of tenons and grooves on each side of the material greatly complicates construction. The timber is specially designed to avoid unnecessary work associated with insulating a wooden house. Different kinds thermal insulators always require additional investments in the project.
Reliability wooden building using profiled timber, the comb is determined by the presence of tenons and grooves on the surface of the material. For maximum possible protection from the cold, only 3-4 spikes are provided. The strength of this inter-crown connection is explained by the precise fit of the tenon into the groove, which prevents cold air from entering the house.
Walls made of comb corrugated timber will always retain heat, which is achieved due to the following factors:
- Marking of cut elements.
- Precision of operations in the production of material.
- Cutting bowls on each side of the timber.
Among the main reasons for the popularity of comb timber are the quality and speed of installation. The use of this type of material in construction allows reducing labor costs. Fast construction designs based on a special assembly map are possible only by marking the cut elements.
Creating a reliable “labyrinth castle” prevents cold wind from blowing through a wooden house. This is possible thanks to ready-cut bowls on all sides of the material. Precision in the manufacture of timber in the factory allows you to avoid making additional adjustments when laying products.
What to look for when purchasing
The choice of material for a wooden house construction project is influenced by a large number of various factors. This is not only the price of the product, but also the climatic conditions of the area where the construction of a wooden house is planned, as well as its purpose. Glued laminated timber differs from the profiled sample not only in its higher price, but also in a number of characteristics:
- profiled timber is made from solid log, and glued - from boards (lamellas);
- the comb profile provides better thermal insulation of the house than glued material;
- profiled timber dries completely only a year after the construction of the house is completed, and laminated veneer lumber goes on sale dried in production.
To decide which timber is better, you should not take as an axiom the arguments of marketers that the German profile has only advantages. They are provided only for the purpose of luring a potential buyer, and therefore do not constitute a warning about possible consequences using low-quality profiled timber. Before purchasing material, you should think carefully and ask former developers about the disadvantages of timber.
The cost of wood building material is determined depending on the size cross section and humidity, which can be measured with a compact needle moisture meter. Best choice is a comb beam, the humidity of which is not higher than 20%. The price for dry material is 11 - 12 thousand rubles. per 1 m3 with a length of 6 m.
The average price of profiled timber with natural moisture allows you to significantly save on the purchase of this material. For example, timber with a moisture content of 40% is sold at a price of 7 to 9.5 thousand rubles. depending on the size of its cross section. It may be:
- 100x100 mm;
- 150x150 mm;
- 200x200 mm;
- 230x230 mm.
The building material should not have any cracks on the surface, so it should be carefully inspected before purchasing. It is not recommended to trust handicraft industries engaged in the manufacture of timber. Material with a “Finnish lock” is offered at more high prices than solid timber with a comb profile. In any case, after purchasing timber, it is necessary to comply with all conditions for its storage in warehouses and construction sites.
Pros and cons of comb timber
Planning permanent residence in your own wooden house, you will need to take care in advance about insulating the walls of the building. You should select products only from large manufacturers. When deciding which timber to choose, you should take into account other advantages of multi-tenon corrugated timber:
- Accelerated pace of implementation construction work in compliance with the technology of laying products tenon in groove.
- The high quality of raw materials for the production of corrugated timber ensures a reduction in heat losses in finished houses.
- Insulation or sealing tape is not used when constructing walls made of corrugated timber.
If comb-profiled beams are laid in rainy weather, their humidity begins to increase. Construction of a wooden house from quality timber happens quickly if all work is carried out by experienced craftsmen. The concept of a high-quality profile means a dry building material that was stored in acceptable conditions before use. In general, the type of profile does not play a big role in the process of speeding up the assembly of walls, since the result always depends on the professionalism of the builders.
Since insulation of the walls of a house made of German timber is excluded, then Finishing work no need to implement. This significantly reduces the cost of construction work. Living in a new wooden house will be comfortable, since the comb beam ideally retains heat and does not allow moisture to pass between the crowns.
After the work related to laying thermal insulation, the facade of the house requires a suitable finish. This type of work is carried out not only after the walls are insulated, but also when various damages wood It is worth remembering the torsion of the timber due to strong drying, which causes the formation of cracks between separate elements designs.
Shrinkage of a house made of profiled timber with natural humidity
Wooden building materials are characterized by their ability to respond to changes in humidity. It is impossible to accurately predict the consequences of the influence of factors on wood. Since the likelihood of cracks and gaps occurring between the crowns is high, assembling a house from profiled timber requires the use of special devices: dowels, studs, etc. They are necessary for a complete interlocking connection of the beams. In practice, cracks and cracks are completely different sizes can appear in any type of timber.
Characteristics of timber structures
When buying timber for building a house, you usually choose what is best for the project: a Finnish profile or a comb. If the choice is made on a German profile, then laying a heat insulator between the logs during the assembly process will not be required. Manufacturing technology of this material based on perfect compliance with the geometry of teeth and grooves. When using a comb to build walls, the beams may crack due to the fact that the teeth do not fully fit into the grooves.
If products are stored improperly, the spikes tend to swell from moisture and become damaged. This doesn't mean that this type products cannot be used in construction; you just need to buy timber from a more reliable manufacturer. If the supplier's material was stored under open air, then it’s better not to buy it. Only perfect compliance with the geometry of the German profile will ensure the construction of walls according to the provided technology without the use of thermal insulation. Because the correct styling German products require the insertion of tenons into grooves, then the possibility of material displacement is eliminated.
Example of laying a Finnish profile
The popularity of the Finnish profile is due to its unpretentiousness. You can also carry out construction work using material that has absorbed a little moisture. The classic Finnish profile is not inferior in its characteristics to the German one. The main difference is that during installation, the upper and lower beams of the Finnish profile do not touch each other, forming a thin gap into which the insulation layer should be laid.
Spruce and pine are the main wood materials, from which the profile is made. They have a low thermal conductivity coefficient, which is 4 times less than that of ceramic bricks. This should mean that with a timber wall width of 20 cm, thermal insulation characteristics designs are similar to properties brickwork, the thickness of which is 80 cm.
Since walls made of German timber are actually a monolithic compound, the material should not deform or crack after drying. For finished design not required at home external finishing any panels, since the view natural wood is beautiful and expensive. The wood does not contain harmful additives, and a constant level of humidity will be maintained in the premises of the house under natural ventilation conditions.