Homemade rounding. Is it possible to make a rounding machine with your own hands? rounding machine

The rounding machine is designed to give the correct shape to logs used for the construction of log houses. The use of machines makes it possible to speed up and simplify the preparation of wood. Hand-processed logs come out the same diameter, with a groove, planed surfaces and prepared mounting bowls.

Purpose of the machine for cylindering

The woodworking machine completely prepares the log for installation in the wall structures of log houses. Functions of woodworking machines:

production of grooves for installation;
rounding of logs (including final);
production of edged boards from gun carriages;
production of parquet dies;
milling smooth wood;
no pruning edged boards;
preparing the crown cup;
timber production;
sawing timber into carriages;
adjustable log rotation speed;
making an expansion groove using circular saw.

The movement of the carriage is controlled by a laser pointer. Important property rounding machines - the ability to perform any manipulation with one set of tools without reinstalling the log. The combination of cutters and techniques makes it possible to produce complex products with different diameters, for example, balusters. You can process a log up to 7 m long with your own hands.

The device of the machine for cylindering

The log processing machine drawing includes:

a metal frame, usually made of rectangular rolled pipe;
guides for moving saw and power devices;
headstocks for fastening the log and twisting it. The front is equipped dividing head, with which the barrel is fixed. The spindle head is also installed there;
Wood is processed using cutters. The shape cutter selects the groove for installation. The universal cutter is designed for cutting crown cups, processing planes, and rounding;
knives for cutters are removable. Made from good steel, they can be replaced and sharpened without touching the cutter;
levers for placing logs;
stop roller to prevent logs from sagging;
mechanical brakes are installed at both ends of the carriage and are used during removal of the crown bowl;
the carriage lock stops it while removing bowls;
device for manually rotating the barrel: used when cutting a longitudinal groove.

Types of machines for cylindering

Mechanisms for cylindering are divided into the following types:

checkpoints.
cyclic.

Pass-through machines ensure constant advancement of the barrel. During processing, the log is advanced through the tool.

Cyclic machines move and process wood in cyclic movements and are divided into:

cyclo-pass: the log is motionless, the cutter moves;
cyclo-positional: the tool is stationary, the material moves.

Woodworking uses two types of movements: linear and rotational. Form final product depends on the combination of movements. With a cyclo-pass mechanism, the logs move in a straight line and the tool rotates. During positional movement, the barrel rotates and the cutter moves along its axis.

An industrial rounding machine sharpens or mills wood. The turning process is possible with rapid rotation of the log. As a result, a lot of sawdust is formed. During milling, waste is generated periodically, rotating in in this case tool.

Rounding equipment is divided into three categories according to the level of automation:

mechanized machines. The worker loads the material, he also monitors and adjusts the mechanisms.
automatic machines. The worker only controls all processes. Loading and processing occurs automatically.
semi-automatic machines. Only one stage of woodworking is automatically controlled, then a worker is connected.

Comparison of woodworking machines

Continuous rounding machines are productive, but they allow errors in processing and surface roughness;
cyclic positioning equipment processes wood very efficiently and carries out all operations, but is significantly inferior in productivity.

Due to its compact size and stable base, cycle positioning equipment is widely used in woodworking.

Homemade rounding machine

sawmill at the base of the machine

The easiest way to make a machine with your own hands is from a sawmill. Instead of the front cone, a stop is installed. The headstock located at the rear is equipped with a thrust bearing. An additional electric motor or handle is used to rotate the log.

The most difficult thing to make is a cutter, so it is made up of parts. You should choose as much as possible durable material. The cutter moves on an additional rail. The device is similar to a conventional milling machine: a log is placed in the grooves, its rotation is started, and the cutter moves along.

A homemade rounding machine must be placed on a strong concrete base. You can prepare a frame of sleepers or thick timber, installed on compacted soil.

Installation progress:

The frame is being assembled. Used building level, an error of up to 0.5 mm per 1 m is allowed. The frame is installed at a height of 20 cm.
Installation of the power mechanism, headstocks.
A cable for the electrical cable (mobile) is attached to the installed racks.
The power mechanism is equipped with a stopper.
Grounding is provided.
A motor is connected to the power supply to rotate the log. When connecting, check that the phases correspond to the modes. If the phases are connected incorrectly, when pressing the buttons the head will move in the other direction. This means the phases need to be changed.
The direction of rotation of the log is checked. It changes by changing the phases on the electric motor. Before checking the phase connections, it is strictly forbidden to start the rotation motors and the machine.

It is important to firmly and rigidly secure both headstocks, installing them parallel to the guides. The axes of the headstocks must match! The machine will quickly fail if the cutters are not balanced. The final stage machine installation - installation of cutters. The figured one is fixed to the shaft and attached to the conical part with a bolt. A universal one is screwed into its body and tightened tightly.

If it was kept in a damp place between starts or the interval between uses was more than 8 weeks, the machine should be kept in a dry shed to dry out the motors.

Rounding machine with movable carriage in action:

All photos from the article

The construction of wooden housing in our great power has been developed since ancient times. First of all, this is caused by colossal reserves of this environmentally friendly and relatively inexpensive material. Despite the emergence of many new construction technologies, classic log houses still remain popular. After all, the advantages of rounded logs are obvious, and they will be discussed further.

Why exactly a log?

First, let's find out what a rounded log is and why the vast majority of people prefer to build housing from it.

Important: speaking in the dry language of definitions, a rounded log is usually called a straight tree trunk, pre-processed on woodworking machines to give it the correct cylindrical.
As a result, the top uneven layer and knots are removed, and compensation and mounting grooves are applied.

Advantages of the material

Wood itself has a natural porous structure, making it one of the best warmth and sound insulators.
Having clear geometric dimensions, this material fits perfectly together. Specially designed grooves ensure high tightness and quality of inter-crown seams.
All trunks have a clearly fixed diameter, the maximum deviation here can be no more than 2 mm. This makes it possible to choose wood for the construction of premises for various purposes with specified characteristics.
At the moment, there is simply no building material that is more environmentally friendly and beneficial for people. Unlike wood, traditional brick or modern views building materials can only boast of environmental neutrality.

Although the price of rounded logs may be higher than that of many competitors, such houses do not require additional internal and external cladding. This material itself has natural beauty, as a result of which owners save significantly on finishing.
Modern woodworking equipment makes it possible to initially produce trunks with ready-made connecting elements. This significantly speeds up the construction process and gives a lot of layout options.

You may have already heard that natural wood breathes. This refers to the array's ability to take out of thin air excess moisture and give it back when conditions change. Simply put, wood is a natural air conditioner, providing an ideal microclimate for human life in the house.
And finally, the construction instructions are quite accessible. A simple bathhouse, barn or small country house, a good owner, with a strong desire, will be able to build it with his own hands.

What are the disadvantages

As we have already said, wood is a living material, so over time the wood begins to dry out and crack. This is true, but thanks to modern technologies, such processes can be significantly slowed down.
Many people know that during the process of growth, a tree trunk slightly twists in a spiral. After the cut, this spiral sometimes begins to unwind. This is why craftsmen do not recommend building from freshly cut timber; the structure may fail. But a dry rounded log does not have this drawback.
Disadvantages such as high fire hazard and susceptibility to biological pests are easily eliminated using the same specialized impregnations.
Perhaps the only significant drawback of any wooden structure is a high percentage of shrinkage of new houses. Well-dried, high-quality wood shrinks up to 100 mm for every 3 - 4 m of wall in the first year. And 10 - 20 mm each for another 2 - 3 years. Freshly cut timber will take up to 10 years to shrink.

What affects performance

To determine the basic parameters of the material, there is a set of regulations. In our country this is GOST 2708-75, in the west ISO 4480-83. There is no big difference between them, the main parameters are identical. It is on this data that a program such as a calculator for rounded logs of volume, weight, density and other characteristics is based.

In this article:

All machines for the production of cylinders can be classified according to the following criteria:

production technology;
kinematic cutting diagram;
type of cutting tool;
degree of automation of the processing process.

It is by these criteria that we will consider the equipment presented on the domestic market of woodworking machines.

Classification according to technological schemes

Today, 3 technologies for the production of rounded logs are used:

1) Classic

The log is clamped in the center of the ends and rotates. The movable cutter removes chips by moving along the workpiece. Positional lathes operate according to this scheme.

2) Positional

The log is also fixed in the center, but is processed by a stationary rounding spindle equipped with a special rotary head. This technology was developed for positioning machines rotary type.

3) Passage

Log clamps are not used - the workpiece is moved through the rotary head by a roller mechanism. Machines operating on this principle are classified as rotary-type equipment.

Pros and cons of different technologies

Advantages of pass-through technology:

continuous supply of logs is possible, which ensures processing speed;
high yield rate finished products(up to 90%) is achieved by uniform distribution of the allowance in cross section. The allowance is necessary to form a log cylinder and a circle at its ends. With this technology, this indicator is no more than 1-2 1-2 msm in diameter;
the length of the log is practically unlimited, but minimum size should be such that during processing the workpiece does not end up in the gap between the rollers;
good productivity - in an 8-hour shift, about 35-40 m3 of products (100-130 logs) are produced on such a machine;
aspiration is used to remove chips;
versatility - these machines can produce not only rounded logs, but also edged lumber, block house, decorative boards from a slab.

Main disadvantage: curvature finished part almost identical to the curvature of the original log; It is quite difficult to compensate for this shortcoming - either ensure the loading of relatively smooth raw materials, or saw the semi-finished product into blanks 1-2 m long.

The main advantage of positioning machines is minimal curvature of the log at the exit, which allows you to work with any workpiece.

Flaws:

the volume fraction of the output depends on the initial curvature and run of the log. For example, when processing 1st grade logs (according to GOST 9463-88), the waste rate can exceed 50%;
the length of the workpiece is limited by the dimensions of the machine;
lower productivity than pass-through equipment. But the problem of time-consuming readjustment in equipment with rotation of the workpiece has been partially solved - it is enough to move the support of the milling unit in the transverse direction. But when working on machines with log fixation, the complexity of setting up the tool is significant, since it is necessary to align the cutters of the cutting module as accurately as possible when changing the standard size of the raw material;
the need for qualified personnel - incorrect reconfiguration of cutters can reduce the processing accuracy to zero.

Main disadvantage- average performance indicators - can be eliminated by installing a second milling unit on the machine, which will allow finishing and roughing to be carried out in one pass.

Profile forming equipment

The production of edges and grooves of rounded logs is carried out using saws or specialized cutters.

Depending on the type of machine and its configuration, these operations are performed either simultaneously, together with the formation of a cylindrical log, or in an additional pass. Of course, the first option is preferable in terms of processing speed and overall performance.

Depending on the type of cutting tool, the cylindering process is performed:

1) Turning

The main movement is the rotation of the workpiece or tool, during which chips are formed continuously.

The cutting module can be:

rotor(female head with a set of round cutters for roughing and finishing gouging) – optimal configuration for machines that does not cause difficulties in reconfiguration;
through cutters(angular, oblique knives) is an effective, but outdated technology, the use of which requires the participation of a qualified specialist.

2) Milling

The main movement is rotation of the tool:

two longitudinal cutters;
end mills with longitudinal feed;
conical end mills with longitudinal feed.

The most common option today is face-taper cutters. But for pass-through machines, profile ones are considered the most promising.

On a positioning machine with a movable milling unit, the profile is made after the cylinder has been formed. The rotation mechanism is blocked, cutters/saws are attached to the support. In this case, the speed of reinstallation and correct adjustment of the equipment is crucial, otherwise significant downtime will result.

On most pass-through machines, milling and sawing units are included as standard. They are located in the direction of movement of the log, behind the cutting module. The straightness of the edges of the grooves, as well as the formation of the cylinder itself, directly depends on the degree of curvature of the feedstock.

Despite the fact that turning is recognized as a more accurate technology for obtaining an ideal cylinder, the quality of the cut does not particularly depend on the type of machine - only on the sharpening of the tool, its correct settings and operation. It is important that the workpiece settings are maintained between operations - any reconfiguration leads to a loss of manufacturing accuracy of various structural elements. In this regard, the equipment is recognized as the best positional type with a fixed position of the log. On such machines, deviations in size can only occur due to severe wear. cutting tools or insufficient rigidity of the frame structure.

Formation of “cups” - connecting mounting grooves

The “cup” element is made using a milling unit and straight guides that feed the tool. After forming the groove, the cutter returns to its original position.

Such a structural unit can be part of the process flow - the edges of the laying groove, to which the axis of the “cup” is oriented, become the supporting base. In the most common arrangement, the cutter cuts into the workpiece below the center axis.

But, as practice shows, best performance accuracy is demonstrated by positional type machines, on which the cup cutter is mounted on a support with a vertical cutter. In this case, the axis of the cup can be formed at different angles to the plane of the mounting groove. For such operation of the cup-cutting unit, it is necessary that the log is rotated along its axis and fixed in a new position.

If the rounding machine is not equipped with a cup-cutting module, equipment for cutting grooves can be purchased separately. The asking price is from 100,000 rubles.

About mechanization and automation

According to this criterion, rounding machines can be divided into 3 classes:

automated– the entire complex of operations (including loading and feeding of workpieces) is performed by the machine;
semi-automated– the process is automated within one work cycle. Next, only the loading/unloading of the machine is performed manually, and all other operations are performed by the machine;
mechanized– loading/unloading, setting, and regulating the operation of the machine are performed by humans.

Today in our country, mainly mechanized machines are used, which are equipped with modules for loading/unloading, cutting and feeding. But basing, setting, controlling and regulating production process done by a person. Used and optional equipment– forklifts and transporters.

So what should you choose?

Considering that equipment with different technological schemes has almost the same level of maintenance and service costs, the main parameters by which a rounding machine is evaluated are the productivity and quality of processing of all structural elements.

In terms of the first indicator, the pass-through machine leaves behind all types of positional equipment. That is, it allows you to ensure the shortest payback period for capital costs and greater profits. True, this statement is effective only if there is stable sales and supply of raw materials. But the quality of the products leaves much to be desired: a rough surface due to shortcomings in the basing system and non-observance of straightness when using insufficiently smooth raw materials.

Regarding processing accuracy, positional equipment has the best performance, although it throughput an order of magnitude lower than through-path machines.

However, for an objective assessment, the manufacturer of any technological equipment usually provides a sample made on a given machine. The results of his examination can tell a lot.

An industrial machine for the production of high quality products must be equipped with:

massive frame;
precise guides;
convenient control system;
powerful drive (7-90 kW);
safety barriers in the cutting area.

Let's summarize: pass-through type machines are indispensable for large production, where it is possible to sort raw materials. The main line of business is the serial production of ready-made building kits for the construction of wooden houses.

But for medium and small enterprises focused on working on exclusive projects, with output volumes of up to 15 m 3 /shift, and also when using raw materials with a high percentage of curvature, knots and other defects best option– positional lathe.

To commit right choice, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the raw material base, parameters production premises And technological scheme work of future production. Since the machine must support the size range of raw burdens, be compatible with other equipment, match the planned flow rate and fit into the workshop area.

There are about 30 companies represented on today's woodworking equipment market. Therefore, knowing the parameters of “your” machine, all that remains is to decide on the manufacturer.

Since ancient times, humanity has used trees to build housing. This material is widespread, does not require complex preparation and retains heat well. Nowadays, wood can be subjected to any treatment to give the desired shape to the log. To obtain even logs with the same cross-sectional area, rounding machines are used.

This installation allows for various wood processing operations:

Wood rounding.
Making grooves.
Production of edged boards.
Obtaining elements for parquet.
Trimming boards.
Production of timber.
Milling smooth logs.
Sawing wood onto a carriage.

Rounding machines are used in sawmills, large industries and in private households. The main function of the equipment is to remove the top layer of wood using a cutter and various types knife tools.

Types of rounding equipment

Depending on the technology, the log rounding machine is divided into:

Passage – carries out wood processing while moving, without stopping.
Cyclic – when processing wood, the movement of the log is interrupted. The movement pattern is a cycle of operations.
And also cyclic installations are classified into two subtypes:
Cyclo-positional - material processing occurs in the process of advancement relative to the tool
Cyclo - walk-through - wood is subjected to woodworking with a tool that itself makes the necessary movements.

With the pass-through processing method, the log moves linearly, and the machine moves rotatingly. And cyclo-pass equipment provides for the movement of the log in relation to the axis, and the movement of the tool occurs using the torsion method. Cyclo-positional machines carry out rotating movements of the log, and the tool produces a rectilinear movement parallel to the axis of the workpiece.

According to the mechanism of operation, the machines are divided into:

Mechanical - require the presence of an operator who adjusts modes, configures, loads and unloads equipment.
Automatic - the entire processing scheme is carried out by a machine. There are models where a person only needs to load the material.
Semi-automatic - the installation automatically performs only one cycle of operations, and then the person must start the mechanism again.

Machine for rounding logs in case of a separate type gives different performance. Pass-through equipment is more productive, but inferior in terms of correct processing and the formation of pronounced roughness of the material.

Cyclo-positional settings provide good clarity and high quality, but the output is significantly less. If we compare the occupied area, then to place cyclo-positional equipment you need somewhere less space than for pass-through installations.

Features of the design of machines for cylindering

The installation consists of main blocks - a metal frame, headstock and tailstock, cutters. Usually used as a frame square pipes, having guides for the movement of the power structure and carriage. Headstocks are required to secure the log in the central part and to push for rotational actions.

The main running tools are cutters. They provide easy entry into the wood, reducing vibration and increasing accuracy. They come in universal and curly shapes. The universal cutter is used for classical rounding, milling and sampling of crown cups. A shape cutter is used when making grooves.

The cutters are equipped with knives that can be removed. If the obtained log parameters do not match, the knives must be replaced. They are made of durable steel and are used for a long time.

To reduce time and make placing the log on the frame easier, levers are used that are installed in the center of the log. To select a crown cup, you need to securely attach the carriage. Therefore, brake devices are used, placed at the ends of the carriage. If you need to get longitudinal groove, then use a convenient wood rotation regulator.

Selecting a machine for the production of rounded logs

To select a machine, you should not rely on advertised settings. It is necessary to evaluate the proposed samples well. Of course, it is useful to visit factories where such machines are used. Communication with direct equipment operators will bring good results when choosing an installation.

On Russian market widely represented following models: Rus', Sherwood and Termite. Sherwood and Rus equipment can be separate components, or be part of a woodworking system. The volume of logs that passes through these installations is 24 cm. There are models that pass larger diameters. Such installations are used when processing various materials: birch, oak, ash, pine and others.

Of course, you can buy popular machines, but sometimes you have to modify them to suit your own needs. Therefore more in a practical way Sometimes it is necessary to make a rounding machine with your own hands.

Independent production of a machine for working with wood

It is preferable to make a homemade rounding machine using a sawmill. To twist the log, an electric motor is used, which is installed additionally. Instead of the front conical part, a stop is made, the bearing for which is the headstock located at the rear.

The production of a cutter occurs by assembling the constituent elements. A rail is used to move the cutter. Installation reminds milling machine, since the installation of the log occurs in the existing grooves, then torsion occurs. As a result, the cutter begins to move along the log.

A homemade rounding machine is mounted on a hard surface, preferably concrete. When making the frame, sleepers or thick timber are also used.

Stages of machine assembly:

Assemble the frame using a level to position it in a stable, horizontal position. Typically the frame height reaches 20 cm.
Mounting the power structure (front and rear headstocks), onto which the electrical cable fastening cable is pulled.
Equipping power racks with a stopper.
Providing grounding.
Connecting a motor that causes the log to twist. In this case, you should focus on the exact connections of the phases. If connected incorrectly, the direction of the power head will not coincide with the direction of the buttons.
Checking the direction of log torsion. If the direction is incorrect, the phases on the electric motor must be replaced. It should be remembered that until the power phases are correctly connected, rotational actions of the log and the engine are prohibited.

You should also secure the headstocks firmly, installing them simultaneously with the guides. The lines of movement of the rack axes should be similar. To do this, measure the exact length between the longitudinal profile and the central part of the post and between the nearest guide and the center of the headstock. These distances must be equal for both headstocks.

The cutters are installed on a conical element, and they are secured with bolts. It is necessary to maintain the balance of the cutters and the change in sharpening of the knives.

After all installation operations, you should check the correct assembly and horizontal frame.

After standing for a long time without using your machine or being in a damp room, you need to keep the installation in a dry room before starting it to remove excess moisture.

Video: homemade rounding machine.

Advantages of a homemade machine

A do-it-yourself rounding machine has certain advantages:

Low wood consumption.
Obtaining material for any of your own needs.
Achievement good quality the resulting log.
Having a machine at hand.

Of course, like any purchased machine, homemade equipment requires the purchase of components. But processing wood using your own equipment turns out to be more suitable for the personal purposes of using the resulting log. Achieving certain technical properties for products occurs in the presence of homemade rounding equipment.

People have worked with wood for a very long time. Since then, the use of this raw material has only gained momentum. Currently, there are entire facilities dedicated to wood processing. However, skillful owners can assemble some devices themselves if they need to large quantities process wood. Enough useful device became a rounding machine.

Purpose of the equipment

The main purpose of this machine is that it is used to give the correct shape to those logs that are used for the construction of log houses. Naturally, harvesting can be done manually, but the use of an automated device significantly speeds up and facilitates the entire process.

The rounding machine has the following number of functions:

prepares grooves in logs for further installation;
carries out rounding of the material;
used for the production of edged boards from carriages;
you can prepare dies for parquet;
smooth wood can be milled;
pruning unedged boards;
production of timber of the required dimensions.

In addition, this equipment can create expansion grooves using a circular saw, and the processing speed of raw materials is adjustable.

What does the unit consist of?

The rounding machine includes several of the following components:

A metal frame, which is most often made from rectangular-type pipes.
Necessary guides for moving the power and sawing device.
Headstocks used for fastening and torsion of logs. The headstock must be equipped with something that secures the barrel. The spindle head will also be mounted there.
The milling cutter for rounding machines is one of the key elements. If the cutter is of a figured type, then it can be used to make a groove for mounting, but if it is universal, then it can be used for rounding, cutting crown cups, and processing planes.
An important element There will also be removable knives for the cutter. They must be made of good steel. The main convenience is that they can be replaced without removing the cutter itself.

Types of units

Today there are several types of rounding machines.

Pass-through type machines ensure constant movement of the workpiece on the table, processing it at the same time. There are also cyclic type machines, in which movement and processing occurs in several cycles. In addition, this one is divided into two more - these are cyclo-pass and cyclo-positional. In the first case, the wood workpiece remains stationary, and the cutter moves; in the second case, on the contrary, the processing tool does not move, the wood moves.

It is also worth noting here that the division of machines is also carried out according to the level of their automation. There are mechanical, automatic and semi-automatic machines. If used mechanical type machine, then loading the material and setting up all processes is carried out by the operator. In automatic machines, all this happens without human intervention; you just need to control the progress of the work. Semi-automatic machines are capable of controlling only one stage of work; then operator intervention will be required.

A small comparison of classes

Continuous type rounding machines are distinguished by their high performance, however, they also have a certain error during operation, and the surface may remain slightly rough.

Units belonging to the cyclic type process the surface much better, and also perform other operations, but this significantly affects productivity.

However, it is worth noting here that it is the second category of devices that has become more widely used. Since they are more compact, and their base is considered more stable.

Most simple option Assembling such a device with your own hands will use a sawmill as a base. Instead of the front cone of the equipment, it is necessary to install a stop. The bearing for this part will be equipped with the headstock, which is located at the rear. In order to rotate the workpiece, you can use an electric motor or a handle.

The greatest difficulty is the manufacture of a cutter, and therefore they try to assemble it from several individual elements. It is very important that the material used for this part must be very durable. To move the cutter, an additional rail is used, which also needs to be installed. The final device is very similar to a conventional one. The workpiece is placed in the grooves and rotated, and the cutter moves along. Rounding machines work in the same way.

Assembly steps

The first step is to assemble the frame. The installation height of the frame is 20 cm. The tilt error is allowed in the region of 0.5 mm per 1 meter. The second step is installing the power mechanism, as well as attaching the headstocks. Next, you need to secure the cable for the electrical cable to the installed racks. After this, you can begin attaching the stopper to the power mechanism. An important part of the job will be the grounding equipment for the device if it uses an electric motor. Only after the grounding has been arranged can you begin to connect the motor to the power supply. When this is ready, it is necessary to check the compliance of the phases with the operating modes. If they were connected incorrectly, then when the motor is turned on, reverse rotation will occur. If this happens, then the phases need to be swapped. When everything is ready, you should check again for correct rotation. Lay down the log before all have been successfully completed testing work, is strictly prohibited.

Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to the fastenings of the headstocks. They are installed as rigidly as possible and parallel to the guides. The axes of both elements must coincide. It is also important to balance the cutter, otherwise the machine will quickly fail.