DIY scaffolding from boards. DIY scaffolding

Scaffolding– a specific thing and not always necessary. But what to do if they are so necessary, but there is nowhere to get them? Install it yourself! Before getting down to work, it is important to know that scaffolding is created according to the principle frame structure, assembled from wooden and steel elements. To understand how to make scaffolding with your own hands, the master must decide on its type.

Scaffolding design and types

Based on the material of production, forests are divided into two types:

• metal;
• wooden.

Another criterion for dividing scaffolding types are considered to be the method of fastening structural elements. By this method forests are divided into:

• frame - considered especially durable, since their main frame is an all-metal frame;
• pin - parts of the structure in these scaffoldings are attached to each other with a pin;
• wedge - the structure of such scaffolding is connected using the wedge method;
• clamp - vertical and horizontal posts are connected by inserts using the “pipe to pipe” method, secured with rotating and non-rotating clamps.

How to assemble wooden scaffolding

What you will need to install scaffolding

To assemble the scaffolding, which is also called a “goat” or “table”, you will need the following materials:

• Nails or screws (any kind, as long as there is enough length, except rusty and bent ones, otherwise the work will turn into sheer torture);
• Boards (pallets, fences, old furniture, pieces of chipboard, plywood or wooden boards);
• Bars (any sticks, debris, pieces of metal profiles, tree branches).

Frame making

Drawings will be an excellent assistant for those who install scaffolding with their own hands. They are the easiest way to assemble the frame. To do this, they are fixed on a pre-prepared site wooden coasters and shoes, if necessary, screw supports are installed. After which the frames are mounted with a certain step. Their number determines the expected length of the structure. Special frames with borders are installed along the edges. To lower and lift workers, ladders are mounted on the frames. The entire structure is held together by horizontal and diagonal ties. There are special locks in the frame to secure them.

Frame assembly

DIY scaffolding

The minimum safe height of scaffolding is 5-6 m, width is 50 cm, and their recommended length is 4 m. Based on these figures, calculate the size of the frame and required amount material whose quality deserves special attention.

In particular, to create a frame they choose solid timber at least 10 cm wide. End strips structures are mounted at an acute angle. Two six-meter support beams are laid in a horizontal position. The distance between them is the width of the future forests. Two more six-meter beams are laid nearby at the same distance. The upper ends of the beams should converge at a slight angle in the form of a trapezoid, this will give stability to future scaffolding.

Side posts are fixed to these beams - the support of future decking. Secure the racks with inside, and only three racks are used for the decking, and the last one serves to strengthen the structure. There should be no more than 4 sidewalls in total, since it is not recommended to erect scaffolding higher than “four floors”.

Preparing additional racks

Flooring installation

Before making scaffolding, it is necessary to determine the requirements that it must meet. Height can be considered a determining parameter, because the flooring is necessary specifically for working at a certain height.

Flooring installation

The length of the “goat” depends solely on the size of the available materials. Of course, a table that is too short will be very inconvenient, especially on high altitude. And you need to remember that there will probably be two people and a bucket of solution standing on the table.

To achieve the desired width of the flooring, use the required number of boards. However, if it is made not from boards, but from chipboard, then increasing it will be difficult. As for scaffolding erected indoors, the so-called “goats”, then important point will be the width of the available doorways, as well as the presence of other furniture. After all, the “goat” will need to be moved somehow.

The weight factor is one of the most important, because carrying scaffolding is inconvenient, and heavy ones even more so. Moving them by dragging them is once again exposing them to unwanted physical influence. On the other hand, it’s definitely not worth sacrificing height and strength.

Not only the health of the builder, but also the integrity of walls, floors, and equipment depends on the strength of scaffolding. Everything that may be nearby. However, there is no point in loading the structure with unnecessary elements. It is far from certain that they will actually add strength. Right hammered nails, tightened screws and mounted jumpers - this is a guarantee of strength.

Properly made lintels are the basis for builder safety

Wooden scaffolding can be considered stable if it does not wobble. And it’s not just that the employee feels uncomfortable if the table is wobbly. Any furniture breaks for this very reason, including scaffolding. Properly placed jumpers are the only way to achieve stability.

For flooring, wide and long boards are used, nailing them to the sides. These three boards need to be distributed along the edges and in the center of the flooring so that it does not sag. By the way, it’s more convenient to cut off the excess when the flooring is already assembled - then you won’t need to measure anything. The gaps between the boards reduce the weight of the product. On the other hand, they make it possible for small objects to constantly fall onto the floor.

When screwing in the screws, you need to make sure that the boards do not crack. And the protruding screws can easily be broken off with a hammer blow. If the nails are long, they should be bent through something round - the handle of pliers, for example. In this case, the sharp end of the nail will enter the wood with reverse side, giving additional strength.

Assembly of metal scaffolding

Metal scaffolding is much stronger than wooden scaffolding and has more long term services. However, their production takes more time and labor costs. A scaffolding diagram is usually used to calculate materials and size. Multi-tiered scaffolding is made of aluminum, small structures are made of steel. Steel, unlike aluminum, is more suitable for independent scaffolding. To build metal scaffolding with your own hands, the master will need:

• a round pipe with a diameter of 15 mm is the basis for future spacers;
• profile pipe with a diameter of 30 mm - necessary for the production of racks;
• profile pipe with a diameter of 25 - connecting jumpers are made from it;
• fastening materials for metal;
• “grinder” - used to grind corners and saw pipes;
• drill and drill bits.

Preparing the spacers

Installation metal scaffolding begins with preparing the spacers. A 15 mm pipe is cut into two fragments of 2 meters each. Their ends are flattened. At each end, two longitudinal cuts of no more than 2 cm are made with a grinder.

Then the 30 mm pipe is cut into fragments of 1.5 m (the height of one scaffolding span). Then 0.70 m pieces are cut from the same pipe, intended for jumpers between the span posts. The jumpers are installed 35 cm apart. The dimensions of all fragments are carefully rechecked. After all work is completed, the structure is welded into a single unit using a welding machine.

Making adapters

At a further stage, adapters between sections are installed. To do this, a pipe with a diameter of 25 mm is cut into small sections of 25 cm, and a pipe with a diameter of 30 mm is cut into even smaller sections of 5 cm, with their help the jumpers will be fixed. A piece of 25 cm is threaded into a piece of 5 cm to its center. Then it is secured by welding or self-tapping screws.

For further assembly of the scaffolding, holes for bolts are made at the ends of the lintels and in the racks. The jumpers are securely fastened between the section posts crosswise, on both sides. Next, using connecting adapters, the next floor of the structure is created.

Frame assembly

Frame metal scaffolding can withstand pressure of 180-200 kg per sq.m. They are made of racks and frames. Such scaffolding is allowed to be erected to a greater height - up to 45 meters. Before installing the metal frame, the location of tiers, stairs and other structural elements is first determined.

Assembly of the frame begins with the fact that on a pre-prepared area, 3 m sections are laid out, on which the frames are laid. support boards. Metal supports are fixed on these boards, forming the basis of the initial tier. After the supports are fastened together with iron ties, the next floor is installed. On each floor there are working surfaces made of boards - decking. To climb them, the scaffolding is equipped with ladders on the sides.

Section installation

Before arranging the scaffolding, it is necessary to determine the size and location of the sections. In this case, three conditions must be met:

• the width between the posts is no more than 3 m;
• the length between the posts is no more than 4 m;
• the height between floors is no more than 2 m.

The number of sections depends on the size of the wall. The flooring sheet is secured to the racks with metal screws or clamps. Then horizontal guides (jumpers) are welded to the racks. Pieces of pipe (adapters) are “put on” the upper ends of the racks and welded. If a thin-walled pipe is used, then during assembly its ends and middle are flattened, and holes for fastening are made in these places.

Two diagonal strips are tightened with a bolt in the center, then they are applied to the racks and points for future holes are marked. Diagonal strips are fixed to the racks with bolts. Then thrust bearings - flat metal plates - are welded to the ends of the pipes. After which the structure is installed in its working position.

Making flooring

The flooring for metal scaffolding is made according to the same principle as for wooden scaffolding. Flooring is made from edged boards, 40-50 mm thick, metal sheets are also used.

Painting scaffolding

When erecting scaffolding with their own hands, not everyone thinks about the need to paint them. Is not required condition for their operation. However, a layer of paint will protect the metal from corrosion, and the wood from getting wet and rotting, which will significantly increase the shelf life of the scaffolding.

Even a one-story residential building or outbuilding difficult to build without platforms or scaffolding. Some kind of elevation is still needed and it would be absolutely correct if it were good scaffolding. They will ensure safety on the construction site and high speed of work, not to mention the convenience of foremen and helpers. It’s not always profitable to rent, much less buy, spatial structures for construction, so let’s try to save money.

What are they and why are they needed?

Building scaffolding with your own hands will not pose any difficulties, but they can solve a lot of issues related to the construction of walls, roofing, and façade finishing. The price of metal scaffolding is about 200 rubles per square meter. On the one hand, not so much, but on the other hand, why buy if homemade ones are three times cheaper in cost, and no worse in quality and functionality, if you stick to certain rules and normal.

The main task of scaffolding is to provide the ability to work at a certain height. In this case, safety and convenience are considered first. Regardless of the design and height, or the material, scaffolding must be equipped with either handrails or mesh, be easy to install and compact during storage and transportation. There is no need to reinvent the bicycle, everything has already been invented before us and is described in GOSTs and standards.

Parameters and characteristics of wooden and metal structures

Before choosing a material for scaffolding, you need to decide on its size, taking into account the requirements building codes. They are worth observing, if only for the reason that, first of all, they are designed to take care of our safety. First of all, before the actual construction of the structure, a drawing is made taking into account the following parameters:

• the maximum height of the spatial structure should not exceed six meters;
• any scaffolding rests on posts, the distance between which must be at least two meters;
• the workspace, regardless of height, must be at least a meter wide; this is necessary both for ease of work and to prevent tools and materials from falling.

The following options are considered to help avoid extra costs material. For example, from an ergonomic point of view, it is most convenient to work when the working area is 40 cm below the thoracic region. Therefore, it is at this distance that the lowest platform should be installed. The second level platform is located at a height of 175 to 200 cm from the level of the first platform. It is also worth considering a system of braces or fixing to the wall, which will prevent the structure from moving away from the surface being treated. Now, armed with general parameters and drawing up a drawing, we begin to assemble the scaffolding from wood or metal.

Collecting metal scaffolding

Frame metal structure With wooden flooring- this is what you need for private construction. Such scaffolding is cheaper than clamp scaffolding, more expensive than wooden scaffolding, but is stronger and can be used many times. Framed metal scaffolding consists of sections 2x2x1 m. Dimensions can be changed according to permissible limits, which we have already talked about. To assemble the scaffolding you will need the following materials:

• pipe 30 mm;
• pipe 15 mm;
• sorokovka edged board;
• attached assembly ladder;
• threaded fasteners;
• grinder, drill, welding, building level and the simplest metalworking tool.

Installation of metal scaffolding is carried out in several stages:

• Making spacers from 15 mm pipe. A spacer made of a thinner pipe will help maintain the rigidity of the structure without making it too heavy. Transverse (horizontal) struts must be at least a meter long, and diagonal ones - 2 m. The cut pipes are flattened at both ends, after which a hole is drilled in the deformed ends corresponding to the diameter of the hardware.
• Manufacturing of adapters. In order to be able to increase the height of the vertical supports, it is necessary to make adapters that will be inserted into the racks and the continuation of the vertical rack will be placed on them. The number of adapters is calculated depending on the height of the scaffolding. For their manufacture, a 25x25 mm profile is used, the length is about 300 mm; for fixing, a coupling 6-8 cm long from a 30x30 profile is put on the adapter.

Assembling the frame and flooring

1. Each vertical post is connected by horizontal jumpers, which are welded every 30-35 cm.
2. Support plates in the form of a square with a side of 70-80 mm are welded to the lower ends of the support posts so that the structure does not fall into the ground.
3. Every two racks are installed vertically strictly according to a plumb line or level. Diagonal struts are fitted to them. A marker marks the drilling locations. Drill holes in the spacers and in the racks for the bolt.
4. From boards 40 mm thick, boards are assembled along the length of the section, knocked down on the back side and reinforced so that there is no deflection.
5. Along the edges of the flooring, a U-shaped profile is fixed with self-tapping screws to the size of the cross member on a vertical stand.
6. The laid flooring will be fixed U-shaped profile, which will prevent the shield from moving.

Now all that remains is to treat the new scaffolding with an anti-corrosion compound, primer and, if desired, paint it. The structure is completely ready for use. Happy construction everyone!

Scaffolding is a temporary engineering structure designed for access to a facility under construction, placement building material, utility equipment and tools. After completion of work at the site, these structures must be dismantled.

Structurally, scaffolding is usually made in the form of multi-tiered buildings, consisting of levels built up in stages with connecting stairs and special fences. In addition, scaffolding can be used when carrying out major repairs and finishing works V low-rise construction in conditions where the use of special high-altitude equipment is impractical.

As an example, we can cite cases of using scaffolding when working on masonry and plastering walls of a small country house, which ensures compliance with all safety requirements stipulated by regulations.

Scaffolding used during construction activities may differ markedly in its design. And if you are wondering how to make scaffolding yourself, then first of all you should familiarize yourself with some of the most common designs today. In the most general case, forests are:

• pin;
• wedge;
• framed;
• clamp

The following can be said about the advantages and disadvantages of this or that type of forest.

Pin-type scaffolding is characterized by a very high speed of assembly and disassembly. Wedge scaffolding guarantees builders the ability to “hold” large workloads. Frame-type scaffolding is unique due to its low weight. Clamp scaffolding is not entirely practical and, as a rule, is used only when working on fairly complex objects and is often of an individual nature.

The practice of renting scaffolding from specialized companies with subsequent independent delivery and installation on site (included, by the way, in the cost of the order) is quite reasonable, since it significantly simplifies all procedures for installing and dismantling this building structure.

The wisdom of this method of organization construction work This is also explained by the fact that the time savings from this event are very sensitive. And this is in certain situation may be critical to the timely completion of ongoing work.

If you decide to build scaffolding with your own hands, then you need to know that the constructed on our own scaffolding must be manufactured in accordance with current regulations or instructions from their manufacturers.

The fact is that the apparent simplicity of scaffolding design is very deceptive in appearance, and the slightest deviation from the standardized indicators can lead to a loss of their rigidity and stability. As an example, it can be noted that a small “under-turn” threaded connections or the presence of slight play in the joint, as well as insufficiently tight fit of the surfaces at the contact points, can to a certain extent affect the stability of the entire structure as a whole.

Despite the importance and responsibility of scaffolding work procedures, they are nevertheless not considered very complex structures. In case you decide to build your own Vacation home– the option of making scaffolding on your own is quite suitable for you. According to current building regulations, the construction of scaffolding from timber and boards for your own building is permitted if it contains no more than two tiers (two meters high).

In this case, the sequence of operations for one of known variants Scaffold assembly usually looks like this.

1. For the manufacture of vertical racks it is taken construction timber 10x10cm; Moreover, to increase stability, these racks should converge slightly at the top.
2. Crossbars made of 4cm boards are attached to the posts, forming squares distributed around the perimeter support platforms, on which the flooring is subsequently laid.
3. The floor “floors” of each of the tiers, as well as the crosspieces that increase the overall rigidity of the structure, are usually made from slabs, which always remain after dismantling the foundation formwork.
4. At the end of the structure you can place steps mounted on screws or long self-tapping screws.

Such a design is not designed for a large load - which is why you should not allow more than 2 people on such homemade scaffolding and should not load them with too heavy material (bags of cement and bricks).

For large construction loads, it is best to use special scaffolding constructed on the basis of metal pipes and assembled like a designer (although you will need a lot of time to assemble them).

Another version of the scaffolding design involves the use of the same racks, but already made of 50x100mm boards, and the distances between the racks, depending on the size of the object, can range from 2 to 2.5 meters. Such scaffolding is designed for a total width of at least 1 meter, otherwise it will be inconvenient to work on them. The vertical posts are connected to each other “crosswise” using thinner boards (25-30mm). The structure is fastened using nails measuring 100-120mm.

At the height you need, jumpers from the “fifty” are attached, and already on the latter, flooring from the same boards is laid and firmly nailed to them. WITH outside scaffolding, it is necessary to install a board that acts as a fence. If necessary, a second tier is constructed, located above the first flooring and equipped with the same fencing board.

Particular attention should be paid to the arrangement of stops, with the help of which the entire structure is fixed (pressed) to the structure being erected towards the wall. This is achieved by reliable fastening racks to the walls of the structure being built using additional boards or installation of special inclined stops.

If all these conditions are met, you can safely carry out any construction and renovation work on your site.

Scaffolding is widely used for carrying out any engineering work at a certain height. Structures are classified not only by the type of material used for installation, but also by the method of fastening the component elements. Very often the need arises when finishing the facades of private houses, when you need to quickly and easily move along the walls.

Use of wood material

It is not difficult to make such a design with your own hands. Most often, stable and durable frame-type scaffolding is installed independently. This installation requires the presence of a strong frame, which is given rigidity by installing diagonals and racks. Scaffolding of this type can be manufactured:

1. Made of wood.
2. Made of metal.

Wooden scaffolding is easier to install, but to ensure safety precautions, it is recommended to install them yourself only if it is necessary to carry out finishing work on the site. low altitude. For example, when finishing the facade of a house on the first floor level. This is due to the fact that when installing structures of greater height, it is difficult to provide them with the necessary rigidity and stability.

Video review: Scaffolding. Assembly secrets

Scaffolding. Assembly secrets

Metal constructions

Metal scaffolding, the frame of which is made of pipes and profiles, has a number of advantages over wooden ones, namely:

1. Higher strength, which guarantees safety during work.
2. Good rigidity, which ensures comfort during work.
3. Easy to assemble as metal components are secured using simple and reliable fastening methods.
4. Durability during storage, which means the possibility of reusable scaffolding.
5. Absolute fire safety.

The photo shows the finished section. It is from these elements that the design of frame scaffolding of any size is formed.

Many people are interested in whether they can trust self-assembled scaffolding. After all, working at height is always associated with danger, and, therefore, when using the structure, complete safety must be guaranteed. In this regard, the question of how to make durable scaffolding is quite relevant.

Installation process frame scaffolding made of metal components is not particularly complex, so all installation operations can be carried out with your own hands if you have basic carpentry and metalworking skills. The main thing is to be extremely careful during installation, and perform all operations efficiently and slowly.

Frame-type scaffolding is primarily used for work on straight facades. They are considered absolutely safe when carrying out work operations at a height of up to 50 m. And this is significantly higher than what wooden structures allow.

A general diagram of the frame type design is presented below:

Installation of metal scaffolding

To build high-quality and reliable design For metal scaffolding you will need the following:

• Profile having a cross section of 30 x 30 mm. for installation of vertical racks.
• Pipes having a diameter of 15 mm. for mounting ties between posts horizontally and diagonally.
• Profile having a cross section of 25 x 25 mm. to form work platform supports and protective fencing.
• Boards about 5 cm thick to form a working platform.
• Bolts with nuts and washers for fastening metal components.
• Self-tapping screws for fixing boards.

Before installing scaffolding of this type, it is necessary to think over the construction plan and location of the sections. Material calculations are carried out according to ready-made drawings, which can be made in any form. But it is very important that they take into account the following: design features for each individual section:

1. Height between tiers: 2 m.
2. Width between posts: 1 m.
3. Length between posts: 3 m.

The number of sections is calculated depending on the length of the wall and the height of the house.

Stages of work

Before installation, it is necessary to thoroughly compact the soil in the area where scaffolding is planned to be erected. It is also advisable to arrange a drainage system to prevent soil erosion in rainy weather.

At the first stage, pipe sections with a diameter of 15 mm are cut. the required length and required quantity according to the drawings.

On both sides, cuts are made at the ends so that they can be flattened. This will allow you to perform quality connection with vertical posts for which a metal profile is used.

Next, the location of the vertical posts is marked at the construction site. First, shoes are installed in these places, and then they are fixed in them vertical racks, which are pulled together by transverse bars and diagonal braces in the places indicated in the drawings.

Fixation is carried out using bolts, nuts and washers, which are pre-installed drilled holes. Diagonal braces are fastened in the same way at the intersection points.

After this, you should proceed to arranging the working area from boards, which are pre-cut to size. To do this, in increments of no more than half a meter, a support profile is mounted on the upper crossbars between the racks. Boards are attached to it using self-tapping screws. To ensure safety, a protective fence is installed around the work site. A ladder for climbing to the upper tier of scaffolding can be purchased, or can be formed using a profile between the side posts of the frame.

Metal scaffolding can consist of several tiers. This design is formed from required quantity separate sections that are welded together. It should be remembered that in this case, to ensure the rigidity of the product, diagonal ties must be mounted in a checkerboard pattern.

IMPORTANT! Self-made scaffolding must be reliable and the structure can support the weight of working people, tools, construction materials, and supplies.

If there is the slightest doubt about the impossibility of providing the necessary strength, preference should be given to purchased professional products.

All photos from the article

When conducting various works at height - from laying walls to cladding the facade or applying plaster, the construction of structures is required that will allow you to carry out work comfortably and at the same time ensure safety.

Professional builders use metal scaffolding, which is a prefabricated modular systems, which can have very different sizes, but for private use it is easier to build a structure from boards; this is the option we will consider in the article.

What you need for work

Before you build scaffolding from boards with your own hands, you need to prepare all the required materials and tools:

Racks	For them, either a board measuring 50x100 mm or a wooden beam with a cross-section of 100x100 mm is used, these elements will bear the main load and support the entire structure, so you should use only high-quality lumber without large knots, damage from woodworms and rot, this is very important for ensuring safety
Flooring and lintels	For these elements, a board with a thickness of 40-50 mm is used; it is important that the flooring can easily withstand the weight of several people and a small supply of materials (if necessary)
Spacers	Elements that impart rigidity and preserve the geometry of the structure being built are made from boards 30-32 mm thick; it is also used to create fences, which are mandatory to ensure a safe working process, because it is never excluded that someone will slip or trip on the scaffolding
Fasteners	Either nails or screws are used large thickness to ensure maximum reliability and strength of all connections. Can also be used modern version– mounting angles and plates, with their help the structure can be made even more reliable and durable, and besides, the price of these elements is low

Important!
Don’t forget about the tool, as you will need to cut wood, hammer in nails or tighten screws, as well as take measurements; the easiest way to do this is to use a tape measure, a square and a construction pencil.

The working process

The instructions on how to make scaffolding with your own hands from boards are quite simple, it is important to follow all the recommendations and requirements, this is where we will begin to consider the issue.

Basic design requirements

There are several generally accepted rules, the observance of which guarantees the reliability of the scaffolding you collect and ensures the highest safety:

• The distance between the posts should not exceed 2-2.5 meters, since with longer spans the wood will not be able to provide adequate rigidity, especially under high loads;
• The width of the decking to ensure comfortable work should be at least 1 meter, but making the structure wider than one and a half meters is also not recommended, since the stability of the system will suffer;
• The maximum safe height of the structure is 6 meters, this is due to the fact that the same amount is maximum length lumber, and building up elements is not recommended.

Stages of work

The whole process consists of several operations that must be performed in a certain sequence:

• First you need to connect the first 4 racks, to do this, first the long side is fastened together, this is done using diagonal struts, the second element is assembled in the same way, after which all the same struts are connected end sides, then the resulting structure must be installed and checked for stability; if necessary, reinforcement is made with the help of additional jumpers and perforated corners;

• Next you need to secure the jumpers, their location depends on the level at which the work will be carried out. It is important to calculate everything correctly to ensure the convenience of the process; if two rows of flooring are used, two rows of jumpers are made accordingly; they will also serve as elements providing rigidity; to further strengthen the support, it makes sense to attach them to corners with stiffening ribs;
• The flooring is arranged along fixed lintels, for its construction, only a reliable board without cracks or damage is taken, it is necessary to cut it into pieces of the required length so that unnecessary parts do not stick out at the edges, these elements are best fastened using self-tapping screws, since they cause the wood to crack much less, and fixation is obtained much better;

• Next you need to attach the fencing elements, their location directly depends on the location of the flooring. The general rule is that the elements should not be lower than waist level, sometimes it makes sense to nail two rows of boards for even greater security. Here lumber with a thickness of at least 30 mm is used so that, if necessary, it can withstand a sufficiently large force and not break;
• The next stage is the installation of supporting elements, their number and configuration depend on the characteristics of a particular situation, the height of the scaffolding and the reliability of the soil around the house. Here it is important to learn one simple rule - install as many supports as necessary to ensure the best stability of the system you have built. The elements rest well on the soil, after which they are attached to the support posts;

Advice!
If the structure is wooden, then for additional reliability the system is attached to the walls, this will significantly strengthen the structure, everything is very simple: one end of the block is fixed on the stand, and the other on the wall.

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