The durability of paving slabs is affected not only by their quality, but also by whether they are laid correctly. In order for paving slabs to last a long time, you must follow all installation rules. How to style paving slabs?
Before laying paving slabs, it is necessary measure the area, which you are going to pave. Plot the dimensions of the area on the plan and calculate required amount tiles and raw materials for the base (sand, gravel or crushed stone). Calculate the number of tiles with some margin. Then mark the area according to the plan using pegs and rope.
Using a shovel, remove such an amount of soil from the area so that after installing the load-bearing layer and laying the tiles, the surface of the tile corresponds to the specified level of the area. Arrange at the base drainage support layer with a slope and gutters to drain rainwater, otherwise a “swamp” will form under the tiles; in the end, it will last you no longer than a couple of seasons.
For the supporting layer it is used crushed stone or gravel, which must be evenly distributed over the entire area of the site. The greater the expected load on the tile, the thicker the layer should be: for a walking path, for example, 15-20 cm is enough. When the base is ready, limit the area with a curb stone.
Apply to the compacted base layer leveling layer of sand. The thickness of the leveling layer is 3-5 cm. Smooth the leveling layer as a rule so that the paving stones before compaction are one centimeter higher than the planned level.
Now you can start laying paving slabs. Laying tiles starts from the right corner to make the most of the edge stones. After laying the tile, press it with your hands to the surface of the base. If the tile does not “walk”, lightly tap it with a rubber mallet. The next tile must be leveled horizontally relative to the previous one.
When you have laid all the tiles, you need to fill the seams. To do this, fill the finished area fine sand(half a millimeter fraction) natural humidity. Using a stiff bristle brush, work the sand into the gaps between the tiles.
If after laying whole tiles there are empty seats left, you need to cut several tiles with a grinder to fill them. You will need a diamond blade for concrete or reinforced concrete. The tiles should be cut so that they fit tightly to the installation site.
After laying all the tiles compact the covering vibrating plate with a rubber “sole”. After compacting the coating, pour a little dry sifted river sand onto the surface of the tile and leave it for a while, then sweep it away.
Some styling tips paving slabs:
Please note that if you are not confident in your abilities, It's better to turn to professionals, who are familiar with the technology of laying tiles inside and out. In this case, you can be sure that the paving slabs will faithfully serve you for more than one season.
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and landscaping
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Make your dream for a pleasant and comfortable home with us!
We will provide delivery and installation of all forged and wooden products from furniture to metal constructions.
We will improve the area around the house in accordance with modern trends in landscape design, we will lay out paths and floors with pleasant pressure.
What are complex construction and renovation works?
At that time, all work, whether it builds, improves or improves an area personal plot, takes place in the same sequence. And one person is responsible for the quality of work: the foreman, manager or owner of the company.
You do not need to communicate with each provider individually, but only with the responsible manager who will act in accordance with the contract, plan, project.
In addition, this approach significantly improves the quality of the work performed.
And it does not matter what is the subject of the contract for housing, cottage, house and the territory around it.
One team will do a better job than individual workers.
And those who order complex works more favorable due to the discounts we provide for great job.
You can also save on plastering costs when our tiles are used for songs and floors on our website. We will provide not only work, but also the quality of materials.
How to lay sidewalks with your own hands?
Paving slabs This practical material, which, unlike asphalt and concrete, has a peculiar advantage. The durable board is resistant to seasonal temperature changes and does not cause cracks or shrinkage. The use of a natural base material ensures environmental compatibility.
Tin cans are easy to install and you can place the tiles on your prepared substrate within a few business days.
A wide range of products allows you to emphasize architectural style villas Once properly installed, the pavement is able to withstand significant loads and is resistant to abrasion.
If necessary, they are easy to confuse with sectors with new unstable seams and gaps. The material has many styling methods.
We have prepared a professional unscrupulous expert's easy to understand language on how to lay paving stones.
In what weather conditions can the sidewalk be installed?
In our projects we use gypsum boards from the Chelyabinsk brands ABAT and ChelSi. The sidewalks produced by these companies are best suited for the climatic conditions in the Chelyabinsk region. The variety of tile types combined with the quality of the masonry allows us to offer our services, which confirm the reputation of our craftsmen.
Easy installation method
Working in small areas will not cause problems.
The main thing is to use the right tool and follow expert guidance on how to place the tiles. It is also important to understand that there is a smaller area of work - it is easier to adhere to the rules for laying the lid.
However, to work in large areas, you need to have sufficient experience or seek help from specialists.
How to properly place a sidewalk on a sidewalk?
For correct installation tiles set the required pressure area, you must use a special tool, which affects the quality of work.
It is important to have at your disposal: a spatula, a rubber mallet, a wooden mallet, a beam or channel, a structure level (preferably of medium length), a water supply with a special device for watering and a spatula. To lay a paved panel you need a special substrate: crushed stone, which does not have a fine 20/40 finish, cement grade M400 or M500, as well as brush calibration.
It is important to determine the tasks facing the laying of paving stones, for example, decorative flower beds or paving.
Against this, you need to choose the thickness of the paving stones. For example, tiles with a height of 40 millimeters are usually used for garden paths, but for car trips (for example, in a car park) it is best to use thicker tiles of 60-80 millimeters. For consistency with technology floor coverings For floors, be sure to use a border.
Correct laying of tiles from sheet metal starts with a detailed plan.
Before starting work, measure the intended location and draw a sketch that will immediately mark the places without load. At this point, you can choose the pattern, size and color of the sidewalk. This can be done in advance with a photo in the catalog. The next step will be to map out the area in detail.
You will need a cable or thread of the required length and, depending on the plan, a certain number of markers.
Using these tools, a model of the future composition is created. Once marked, you can walk around and see how the coating will look and make any necessary corrections immediately. This preparatory phase is necessary to ensure correct location paths and ease of installation.
If you skip this step, you may make it difficult. If the process involves a continuous layout (no gap) with a specific start and end position for placement, you can skip the label and limit only general dimensions. In this case, it is important to know only the area of the proposed page.
The correct installation of paving slabs does not depend only on the exact and same position, but also directly on the preparation of the foundations.
A strong foundation reduces possible sagging, which ensures that the coating will last for a long time.
To prepare, you first need to completely dismantle the old covering 20 cm and, preferably, 30 cm deeper into the ground. In case the work is to be carried out on the original soil, it is necessary to remove a layer of soil of 20-30 cm, paying special attention to the presence of roots or accidentally caught seeds.
In some cases, the entire area is treated with herbicides to reduce the threat of germination.
The next step in the work is to design rainwater drains. If the soil is too clayey, the drainage should be handled more responsibly. It is located in the deepest part.
Base plate
Crushed stone or sand is used as a cushion.
In some cases, concrete esters are produced to strengthen the base in particularly problematic areas. A concrete base will significantly reduce the coverage of the coating.
The immediate compression process then begins. The next layer is abandonment. It must be placed in such a way that it does not pass through the ruins.
To do this, geotextiles must be installed between two layers of substrate. This will not only help maintain retention, but will also ensure proper water circulation. Once the base layer is backfilled, the optimal amount of crushed stone and pre-press seeding is precise enough to ensure that the tiles placed for screening are higher than 1cm from the intended level.
Direct or upper layer can be completely sandy or cement-sand.
In this embodiment, the desired mixture is prepared in a 1:3 ratio. It is placed on top of a 25-40 millimeter base layer. To match the thickness, we recommend using tubes of the appropriate diameter.
They are placed on a support and a mixture of cement sand is covered among them.
In addition, the rule (based on the pipe) smoothes the lining until an ideal surface is achieved.
How to lay paving stones by hand?
If we talk about how to put the sidewalk on the sidewalk, you should stick to the real one first technological process. In the end, preparatory work has been properly completed as a base for future paving stones. Regardless of what lighting was chosen - Old city, Krakow clover, brick, daisy and others, you must place the material in the same pattern “yourself”.
This means that you can move while working on a certain mark, and not on the basis of a violation of its integrity.
Each new paved panel should be closely related to the previous one. A small slot of one or two millimeters is enough. At the end of the work, such gaps between the plates will be filled with sand or other dry mixture. The cover gasket is immersed in a flat seal.
If the tiles are level during installation, you must place the required amount of mixture under the trowel and repeat the cutting process again.
After compiling, you need to find errors. To identify them you need to use the building level. All design defects are removed by tipping.
During installation, the tiles should be a little lighter than they were intended to be laid; in the second case, the irregularity is much more difficult to eliminate.
To place a path or location where you want it geometric shape, you need to use a regular curve. However, its installation also has some features. Along the edges of already paved surfaces, according to the plans planned during preparation, it is necessary to dig ditches.
Its depth should be such that the curved edge is below the lid in accordance with the height of the frame.
The M100 liquid solution is exposed. They lie on their sides and then they sleep in the sand.
Often on the path or playground There are imprecise designs and at the end of the job you may find yourself in a position where all the tiles don't fit into the correct connector. Such problems can be easily solved by using a sandwich and a diamond blade to cut concrete.
First, place the tile where it needs to fit.
Then print out the shapes you need and cut off the spare parts. This material is well cut. This shouldn't cause any problems.
When paving slabs are laid with my own hands on a cement sand mixture, the coating must be checked again due to errors and, if necessary, removed. Then you must fill the gaps between the plates with dry mixture. It is important to ensure that it does not contain seeds or other organic impurities that could cause active growth herbs.
Further excess has worked, and the mixture in the joints begins to moisten, pouring from the pipe.
In places where it is heavily submerged - it must be filled and refilled with water.
How to lay pavers on a sand screen?
Analog plasterboards for laying cement sand mixtures are more convenient for masonry work on sand. In this case, the operating technology remains virtually unchanged.
A general knowledge of how to apply tiles is helpful here. But there are some important changes. The top sand layer of the base was lightly filled from the start. This is done in such a way that he will drown. Then the stuffing process begins.
A layer of fine sand is poured onto the sandy foundation, but it is not dulled.
Best to use. It wakes up in the seams and makes the masonry really hard. Boundaries are important to first fix them and let them sit for a day and then check for power and possible violations. The seams are also covered with sand. Then they need to be reprinted and buried again.
After a few hours, the sand can be discarded or rinsed with water from the tube.
As you use it, you will likely need to add sand in between occasionally. Unlike laying a mixture of cement and sand, the coating on a simple laid sand becomes a monolith and is easily repaired and partially corrects errors that occur.
During operation, laying paving stones is favorable due to the reliability of the turquoise overlays. They are typically used to perform songs in the country, in the garden or as a blind area around garages.
The result of the work performed
Technology for laying paving slabs - step-by-step instructions for beginners
In what weather conditions can paving slabs be laid?
Is it possible to lay paving slabs on wet screenings and wet soil if it rains turning into sleet and frost? 
Scheme for laying paving slabs on sand.
Good day.
Laying on wet sand is not a good idea; some craftsmen additionally moisten the sand cushion so that it compacts better, but all these manipulations are done in the warm season, when the water does not have the opportunity to freeze.
But with frosts, it will be work for the sake of work (such tiles will definitely have to be re-laid in the spring)
When frozen, water tends to expand.
Just imagine, you laid the tiles level, your area turned out to be perfectly level. However, after the frosts have passed, the water will melt, decrease in volume - and the tiles, albeit slightly, will settle (and each one in a different way).
In principle, if the quality of work is such that it is not required perfect option, You are satisfied, you can do it - but why initially do something that will not look aesthetically pleasing?
Rules for laying paving slabs
Any landscaping involves the use of paving slabs.
Let's consider the main rules and procedure for laying paving slabs on the site of a country house.
Properly installed paving slabs will serve you for a long time. However, you should know that you won’t be able to save money here either on the tile itself or on the materials for the base underneath it.
The most important thing is to take into account every little detail (marking the path, preparing the base) and only then start laying.
Track markings
The first step is to draw a drawing of the laying of the future path.
It is also necessary to mark the boundaries using pegs and twine and think about gutters. Having done this, you should test the resulting path by simply walking along it. Is the path comfortable? Does it match the surrounding design? Having received answers to these questions, you can continue.
Preparing the base
This stage is the most important in the entire process of laying paving slabs.
Laying tiles on a concrete pad after rain
He demands special attention, because the correct basis will not allow the path to “sag” or “creep” over time. The base for the tile is layered cake, the same as during the construction of any other road. The first layer is 15 cm of crushed stone, after which there is geotextile, followed by a further 10 cm layer of sand. Geotextiles will prevent sand from spilling into the crushed stone and strengthen the foundation. The next layer is laid dry mixture and paving slabs on top of it. The excavated profile should be approximately 30-35 centimeters deep.
Laying paving slabs
Paving slabs are laid on cement mortar or dry mixture.
Laying on cement mortar
This method involves laying tiles on a concrete base and a thin two-centimeter layer of cement mortar.
You can lay no more than one square meter at a time, while constantly checking the surface with a level and adjusting if necessary. The cement mortar should harden in a few hours, and the path can be used in just two days.
Laying on dry mix
To prepare the mixture you will need sand and cement in a ratio of 4:1. It should be prepared immediately before installation. The thickness of the dry mixture layer usually does not exceed 3 cm.
After laying the tiles, you must constantly check for a slope using a level. After laying, you need to pour sand into the seams between the tiles, sweep away the excess and pour water over the surface.
You can walk along the path after two to three days.
Paving slabs are a product that today is actively used for tiling floors in a gazebo, on a porch or in another area. The main advantages of tiles are their durability. But this criterion is particularly influenced by compliance with technology during the arrangement of the base and the quality of laying work.
Let's consider what is better to lay paving slabs on. This article will only touch on technical issues.
Laying methods
Paving slabs can be laid in three ways:
- on the sand;
- on concrete;
- on the ground.
How to lay tiles on a concrete base is described in detail.
On concrete
This method is advisable to use in cases where the area where the installation will be carried out already has a concrete base. It should simply be cleaned of dust and dirt, moistened and a layer of solution applied. After this work, paving slabs are laid. The laying technology is similar to the principle with a sand cushion.
On the sand
Dry installation occurs when the owner plans to make changes to the construction project. In addition, this method is actively used by those who do not want to bother with cement mortar. Dry installation is an excellent solution for placing a chaotic or random pattern of sidewalks, with space between the products.
On earthen soil
This installation option, like on the ground, became widely known during the design process. summer cottages, as well as in the courtyard of a private house when laying tiles in the country and this is naturally the easiest. In this case, large tiles are used that imitate natural stone. The tiles are laid in prepared pits (preparation is required), and then using wooden hammer The compaction process is underway. The space between the tiles and the edges of the pits is eliminated using soil.
Mortar laying technology
Most types of products can be laid in this way. The process of laying on a concrete base begins with preparatory activities.
The technology for laying polymer sand paving slabs is described.
Action plan:
- Marking the area where the path will be located.
- Remove the top layer of soil from the marked area.
- Make a 3–4 cm deepening.
- Compact the bottom of the pit and fill it with crushed stone, the layer thickness of which is 10–20 cm, compact it again.
- Install curbs.
Before preparing the solution, it is necessary to lay the paving slabs on a layer of sand. It must be laid out in the order in which it will be used.
For getting concrete mortar you need to prepare the following materials and tools:
- cement grade 500;
- quarry crushed stone fractions 10-20, 20-50;
- paving slabs 50-60 mm thick;
- corresponding to the established ;
- sand;
- water;
- vessel;
- shovel or electric drill.
To prepare it in appropriate ways, you need to take cement and add the required amount of water to it. Using an electric drill, mix everything and add 4 parts of sand. Mix everything again and the solution is ready.
Installation process:
- Remove 4 tiles from the sand and apply mortar to the area.
- Reinstall the product. Do the same manipulations with the remaining tiles.
- This must be done until the entire sidewalk is laid out.
- It is imperative that there is space between the tiles. And this can be achieved if you install special wooden spacers.
Screening stacking technology
How to lay tiles on screening? This installation method is the most economical. However, this will not affect the quality of the final coating in any way. 
The installation process and technique is carried out according to next plan and subject to a specific rule:
- Mark the site and plan water flow. Such activities are necessary in order to finished site no water accumulated. For effective removal water, you need to make a slope of 1-2%. You may also be interested.
- Remove top layer of soil. The depth of the removed layer depends on the intensity of use of the coating. As a rule, it is in the range of 15–50 cm. If the soil is weak, then it can be further compacted. Pour the screenings over the dug hole. If you want to perform quality foundation, then the minimum number of its layers should be 3.
- Pour in crushed stone and compact well. Its thickness can be 5–10 cm since the crushed stone shrinks during compaction, so make a reserve of 10–15%. spread out the screenings up to 7 cm thick. Compact thoroughly.
- Place the screenings again, but adding cement to it in a ratio of 1:4. In the tamping field, make sure that this layer is 5 cm higher than the desired tile level.
- . This process can be performed using a cord, the tension of which is carried out on required height. The process of installing the side edging takes place on a concrete base, the width of which is 20 cm, and the height of the concrete castle is 15 cm.
- Laying the material. During the process, you need to clearly follow the drawing. It is necessary to lay out the first row with special care. The tiles must be installed tightly. If irregularities have formed, they must be eliminated. The quality of the work performed can be checked using a marking thread; when making roundings, pay attention to the fact that outside the width of the gaps was minimum dimensions and did not exceed 8 mm. To cut tiles you can use circular saw or Bulgarian. A diamond disc is used for these purposes.
- Grouting the surface. When the surface is laid out, it is necessary to fill it up river sand. Then, using a hard-bristle mop, grout. You can also buy for these purposes special compounds, but their cost is high.
- Compact the surface. After completing all the work, it is advisable to take a vibrating plate (vibrating machine) and use a rubber gasket to compact the entire surface. If such a tool is not available, then there is nothing to worry about, since such an operation is not mandatory. Just so the tile will be firmly and securely fixed.
A vibrating plate is a tool necessary for compacting and leveling the concrete mixture when laying paving slabs. The design of the equipment assumes the presence metal beam and vibrator series IV.
Read how to lubricate molds for paving slabs.
In the video: how to correctly lay paving slabs on the screening (instructions):
Laying granite paving slabs
Granite paving slabs are construction material, which is actively used when laying areas. But today I actively use it for other purposes. The main advantages of granite tiles are high strength and reliability.
Work order/step by step:
- Mark the area.
- Lay the base in the form of geotextile. Why geotextiles are laid under paving slabs will tell you.
- Lay a layer of crushed stone on top of the base, the thickness of which is 15–25 cm (base preparation)
- Using a rake, form the required slope.
- Compact the laid layers.
- Using sand and geotextiles in the process, perform a secondary foundation installation.
- Treat the second layer with water and install side edging around the perimeter. For the base, you can use lean concrete. The edging is fixed using cement-sand mortar.
- When all preparatory activities completed, you can proceed to laying granite paving slabs. To prevent the tiles from falling out during operation, the gaps between the products must be eliminated using sand.
- Each laid row must be compacted using a rubber hammer.
- Upon completion of work, treat the finished surface with a weak stream of water.
Video: laying granite paving slabs
Laying tiles in different weather conditions
Today remains topical issue about whether it is possible to lay paving slabs in the rain? No one can prohibit this, since before laying even the sand, the craftsmen lightly moisten it with water. If you want to receive high-quality coating, then all work must be done in dry and warm weather.
Do not install during rain, which immediately begins to freeze. Otherwise, you will have to do all the work again in the spring. The reason is that water expands when frozen. Therefore, when the tiles are laid level and everything is fine, but after frost it becomes warm, the water will melt, reduce its volume, and the tiles will shrink.
How the material is laid in the gazebo, on the porch
Today, many owners use paving slabs to lay the floor in a gazebo or on the porch. This procedure is very simple to perform.
First you need to stock up the following materials and inventory:
- quarry sand;
- fine gravel;
- cement grade 500;
- paving slabs;
- rubber hammer.
The action plan is as follows:
- Remove the top layer of soil; its depth should not be less than 20 cm.
- Lay a layer of sand and gravel. The thickness of each layer should be 3 cm. Compact everything thoroughly and add a layer of sand and cement.
- Replacing two last layers An ordinary solution may appear, for the preparation of which sand, cement and water are used. The laying out of the solution should not be carried out immediately, as the material is laid.
- You can level the laid tile surface using a rubber or wooden hammer. If you use any other tool, this will lead to damage to the product. The main difficulties that arise during this process depend on the shape of the selected product. Not everyone can cope with this job. As a rule, all material is laid according to the principle of assembling puzzles. The same thing can be done with big stove 300x300x30
What is plastic tiles for paths in the country you will find out.
On the video there is a video tutorial: laying paving slabs yourself and with your own hands (crisis option):
Cost of work
If you decide to use the services of an experienced specialist, then you need to know the price/prices for laying 1 m2. the cost may vary, as it depends on the chosen installation method (how much it costs to lay paving slabs must be found out in advance
- Turnkey laying of tiles on a concrete base for square meter– 2100 rubles, for crushed stone – 1650 rubles.
- Laying on a finished base – 400 rubles.
- Laying material on sand – 1400 rubles.
- Laying granite tiles – 1400 rubles.
- Laying a product with a pattern – 450 rubles.
Laying paving slabs is a process through which you can obtain a durable, reliable and practical coating. It is actively used for arranging gazebos, squares, and courtyard areas. Lifetime finished surface depends not only on the quality of the product, but also on precise adherence to installation technology.
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Laying paving slabs should be taken very seriously, because it determines how many years it can last. It's a shame if after installation it cracks a year later. Money and energy will be wasted. To prevent this from happening, you can analyze which mistakes are most common and how they can be avoided. If you are interested in high-quality paving slabs, use the link http://centrus64.ru/ and find out what solutions the pros have prepared for you.
Most common mistakes
- Improperly prepared base is the most common mistake. The result is a sagging path; it will not last long.
- Irregularly formed drainage system. In this case, the water will wash away the base of the tile, and a void will form there over time.
- There is no seam sealing. Tiles without putty between the seams are the same as a post-operative scar that has not been sewn up. It will become unstable and quickly become loose.
- Wrong mixture. It is very important that the laying mixture has adhesion to the surface and does not cause the slab to sink.
- We've sorted out the mistakes, now let's talk about how to avoid them.
Laying tiles correctly
The foundation - what should it be? First of all, a gravel-sand cushion is made. To do this, you need to dig a trench at least 30 cm deep and compact the bottom. The surface of the trench must be flat and, if there are such unevennesses (this is possible if the trench was dug construction equipment), it is necessary to level out elevation differences with sand or crushed stone. But here you can save money: sand is cheaper.
After the base is compacted, the sub-base of the coating is created. And here you will need crushed stone, a layer of at least 15 cm. The sub-base is prepared in 2 stages: 7.5 cm was poured - compacted, then the remaining 7.5 cm and compacted again.
Next coverage - cement-sand mixture, 5-7 cm in a ratio of 1/4 - 1/6. When creating this layer, you should make a height difference of 1 cm by 1 m to drain water. Available means - plastic pipes, upon completion of the work, they are pulled out, and the resulting channels are filled up.
After this, you can begin laying the tiles. It begins with the installation of a curb stone and is fixed with concrete. The border is necessary to prevent the paving stones from spreading in different directions. The border should be at the same level as the tiles.
To drain water from sidewalk paths drainage is installed using a combined and linear system. A combined or mixed drainage system combines the collection of groundwater, wastewater and rainwater. Then everything is drained through one drain. For some types of tiles this will be the best solution, rather than linear system, because combined system“takes away” not only ground and wastewater, as well as from the surface of the sidewalk and from the roofs of houses.
Linear type works exclusively with surface drainage. This system is laid out along the entire line of the paved path. The linear arrangement is more expensive than the combined one. Some believe that it is best to grout joints with a cement-sand mixture. The solution really sets tightly. But if 1-2 stones need to be replaced, a large section of the coating will have to be dismantled. It is best to fill the voids between the tiles with sand.
- Do not use homemade tools. Using special tools for installation, the tiles are least likely to crack.
- Take extra tiles. You never know what can happen.
- Use a grinder when cutting. At least to make a cut, the remaining part can be knocked down with a special hammer.
- When laying tiles, take into account the specifics of use. For the walking path, make a cushion of sand and crushed stone, and it is better to lay the tiles near the garage on a concrete base.
Paving slabs are one of the most reliable and beautiful road building materials. It is often used for paving sidewalks and car entrances in the courtyard of a private house. The cost of laying tiles is not low, but not everyone knows how to lay paving stones. To ensure that the road product is of high quality, it is necessary to follow the work technology. Laying paving stones with your own hands is carried out according to the instructions and based on recommendations.
It is important to know how to properly lay paving slabs so that they served for many years and had a beautiful appearance . A pavement made of paving stones will improve not only the yard of a private house, but also the adjacent area on the street.
Types and benefits
Types of paving slabs by material:
- Vibrocast.
- Clinker room.
- Granite.
In addition to differences in material, there is a huge variety in color, shape and decor. Also, it differs in the method of installation and technology of work.
Advantages of laying paving stones:
- High strength material.
- Long service life.
- Environmental friendliness of the material.
- High load-bearing capacity.
- Low temperature resistance.
- Beautiful appearance.
- Easy installation.
- Opportunity reuse material.
Flaws:
- Material cost quite high.
- Difficulty of processing.
- It is uncomfortable to walk on paving stones in heels.
- Opportunity washing out the base and then the masonry sags or individual elements fall out.
Calculation of material consumption
Before you begin laying paving stones, you must buy all required material and purchase a tool. It is important to accurately calculate the area of work in order to buy all the tiles in one batch. If sand or cement can always be purchased, then tiles will be difficult to find. If it is the same model and the same manufacturer, but a different batch, then it may not match the previous one in shade or size.
On a path paved with tiles from different batches, a displacement may occur and quite noticeable. For this reason, paving slabs must be purchased in full at once and even 10% more for stock.
Required material and tools:
- Paving slabs.
- Border.
- Geotextiles.
- Sand.
- Crushed stone.
- Cement.
- Shovel.
- Rake.
- Broom.
- Wheelbarrow.
- Vibrating plate (manual rammer).
- Bulgarian woman with diamond blade for cutting concrete.
- Rubber mallet.
- Hammer.
- Metric tape measure.
- Level.
- Rule.
- Bucket.
- Trowel.
- Irrigation hose.
- Pegs and beacon cord.
- Individual protection means.
Paving stone laying technology
There are several ways of paving paving slabs, they depend on the purpose of the road and the type of paving stones. tiles can be laid on sand, cement-sand mixture (gartzovka) and even concrete, under high loads on it.
Despite the fact that there are generally established technologies for masonry, each master has his own characteristics in his work. Someone says: “I lay paving stones inexpensively,” while others charge a high fee, but give a long guarantee on the quality of the product. Therefore, in order not to think about how much it costs to lay paving slabs, you need to know yourself how to lay paving stones correctly.
As a result, you can save on the work of the master and make quality paving, but you need to work hard. To do all the work correctly with your own hands, step-by-step instruction will be simply necessary, especially for a person who has never encountered this type of work before.
Technology of work execution
Before laying paving slabs, certain preparation must be completed. Need to provide all the nuances to achieve the desired result. How to properly lay paving slabs is often indicated by the paving stone manufacturers themselves, but each master has already developed his own technology in practice.
- Preparation for paving paving stones. First of all, you need to determine - when should you start working. It is recommended to start work in the spring. The purpose of the road is determined. If this is a pedestrian path, then it will be enough to use tiles 40 mm thick. For a road that will be periodically used by cars, thicker paving stones will be needed. Besides, If road surface will be subjected to heavy load, then the paving stones fall on concrete screed . The pedestrian path can be laid on sand or a cement-sand dry mixture. But before you lay the paving stones on the sand, you need to build a reliable foundation.
- Marking the territory. Before laying paving stones with your own hands, you need to mark the area and excavation. The scope of work is determined based on paving parameters. At this stage it is important determine the correct width of the road so that you don't have to cut the whole tile. Also, you need to take into account the thickness of all seams.
To mark the corners of the future road, pegs are driven in and beacon cords are pulled. They show the level of the road surface, so the horizontal level must be checked with a water level. The road is constructed in such a way that rainwater is drained.
- Excavation. Under the paving site, earth is removed to a depth of 50 cm. The plant layer can be used for landscape design. The bottom of the earthen structure is leveled and carefully compacted with a vibrating plate or manual tamper.
- Geotextile flooring. Geotextiles are spread on the bottom of the earthen structure and its walls. It increases the strength of the product and ensures its integrity. Masters of the old school often perform work without a tissue membrane, without taking into their arsenal modern materials. But such an innovation is significant improves quality road surface.
- Backfilling with crushed stone. Crushed stone in fractions of 20 x 40 mm is poured into the trench and thoroughly compacted with a tamper or vibrating plate. The backfill must be at least 100 mm thick. This thickness is permissible only for the pedestrian zone; for entrances, a crushed stone backfill thickness of more than 150 mm will be required.
- Installation of curbs. Curbs are installed according to pre-made markings. A cement-sand mortar is mixed and applied to the base along the curb structure. The blocks are installed in the design position on the mortar and adjusted to the level. The solution is prepared in a ratio of 1:3. After installing the curbs, it is necessary leave work for a day so that the solution gains strength.
- Sand backfill device. A sand cushion 150 mm thick is installed on the compacted crushed stone. Backfilling with sand is carried out in several stages in layers of 5–7 cm. Each layer is watered with water from a hose and compacted with a vibrating plate. It is better to take river sand without clay impurities. In this case, the water will flow into the ground and will not linger in the bedding.
- Backfilling with prance. Before laying paving slabs, you need to take care of the strength of its installation. To do this, a cement-sand dry mixture is poured onto the sand. It is evenly distributed with a rake over the entire area of the masonry. Gartsovka is prepared from sand with a cement content of approximately 1:8. When water gets on the paving stone, the cement hardens and firmly fixes the paving stones in place.
- Laying paving stones. Having decided on the sidewalk pattern, you can begin paving the paving stones. It is necessary to learn how to lay paving stones with your own hands in appropriate conditions and the specifics of performing the work.
The paving stones are placed in the corner, and their further laying is carried out from themselves, observing the given pattern. The tile is installed on a groove and compacted using rubber mallet. The level is set by a beacon cord. If the surface of the paving stones is higher than the specified level, then you need to remove the laid material and slightly remove the bedding layer. If the surface level is below the lighthouse, then additional bedding can be made. Each tile fits tightly to one another.
If necessary, paving stones can be cut using a grinder with a diamond wheel for cutting stone. The laid paving stones are checked by level and rule. It must be designed in such a way that it drains rainwater and no puddles formed.
- Filling seams. After the paving stones are laid, it is necessary to fill the joints of the masonry. To do this, a dry cement-sand mixture is poured onto the road surface and distributed evenly over the entire surface. The mixture fills the seams, and the excess is removed with a broom or broom. After which the masonry is watered with water from a hose. When the garnet comes into contact with water, it hardens and firmly fixes the masonry.
If you are paving a road that will be periodically used by a car, then it is necessary to install a reinforced concrete foundation. In this case, paving stones with a thickness of 60 mm or more are used and placed on a cement-sand mortar.
How to lay paving slabs For heavy loads (for example, a roadway) you need to choose tiles 8-10 cm thick, for the yard of a private house with the possibility of a passenger car passing through - 6 cm, and for a pedestrian area (paths, lawn, porch) 4-3 cm is enough cm. When choosing a material, pay attention to its surface and texture. The tiles must be free of chips, cracks and any foreign inclusions. A high-quality batch of paving stones must be uniform in geometric parameters and color. The most reliable paving bricks are made using the dry vibration pressing method. It has high strength, frost and moisture resistance. The tiles must be laid on a slope so that precipitation does not linger on the surface. Optimal slope– 1 cm per linear meter. It is better if the slope is away from the building. Otherwise (if the natural slope of the soil is towards the building), take care of drainage trays. To fix the edges tile masonry a border made of stone, concrete or treated durable wood is used. To get started, watch a video about laying paving slabs by professionals: What do you need for the job? Before starting installation, prepare the following tools: a vibrating plate for grinding and compacting the surface, a mallet, marking bars, thread (rope), tape measure, a stiff brush, an angle grinder with a diamond blade, a level, a shovel, a rule and a trowel. tools for laying paving slabs And materials: paving slabs in the right amount, crushed stone or sand, curb, cement-sand mixture (CSM), water. Laying paving slabs with your own hands: step-by-step instructions Prepare the “trough”. Mark in advance the required area under the tiles using a meter, stakes and rope. Now it is necessary to remove the top layer of soil by 15-20 cm. The depth depends on the planned consumption of gravel and CSP. Installing a curb. It is mounted on a concrete pad 7-10 cm high using a mallet. It is better to choose concrete with increased rigidity, brands - at least 100. This will simplify installation and improve the quality of work. The curb is pressed against concrete on both sides. We fill in crushed stone (or clean sand). Optimal height crushed stone layer - 8 cm. Compact the crushed stone on top with a vibrating plate. We prepare a mixture of sand and cement. We choose the ratio 5:1 or 3:1 (if you want to increase the strength of the solution). It is better to take sand wet. We perform the screed. To do this, pour a 3-4 cm layer of CPS, level it and tamp it well. We install the guides so that their sides clearly coincide with the marking threads. Now we align the surface between the guides using the rule. We carry out this procedure along the entire perimeter of the marking. Laying paving slabs with your own hands. We tap each block with a mallet and level it. Afterwards, it is recommended to walk over the laid surface with a vibrating plate. Trimming tiles. It is best to trim after installation. Measure the parts you need and cut them out carefully. special device for cutting paving slabs. We process the seams. After laying the tiles, the seams are clogged with DSP or sand. To do this we use a brush. Many experts recommend pouring water on the tiles after laying them so that the cement mixture “sets.” If you used clean sand for grouting and laying, then a good tamping will be enough without watering. We described the process of laying paving stones on the ground with a complete list of work. But summer residents often ask the question: how to lay paving slabs on a concrete base. How to lay paving slabs on concrete? The tiles are laid on a solid (concrete) base, just like on a screed. In this case, you can use cement mortar or tile glue mixture. The last option is quite expensive, so you can get by with a high-quality DSP. Work for concrete base will proceed as follows: We clean the concrete base. We backfill sand without crushed stone, since drainage is in in this case not needed. You can immediately use the DSP, in one layer of 5-7 cm. We compact the sand layer. Fall asleep on top clean sand cement-sand mixture 1:3 in 2-5 cm (if you laid a layer of sand). We level the surface using rules and beacons (guides), as already described above. We lay the tiles, grout the DSP seams and spill with water. Still have questions? Then our expert's advice may be useful to you. Professional opinion Thank you for detailed description tile laying process. I would pay attention to this. The gravel base is good. But if we are talking about the blind area, I would advise adding good waterproofing, for example, PLANTER Geo. It is better to lay it under crushed stone. Regular PVC film is, of course, cheaper, but it is not durable. I will also give the following advice to beginners: Tip No. 1. For the substrate, it is better to choose washed sand - river or sea. Unwashed sand may contain clay and other impurities, which will subsequently cause the laid tiles to swell, for example, after frost or rain. washed sand is best suited for laying paving slabs Tip #2. To increase strength and give the surface of the tile water-repellent properties, you can do this: clean the tile hydrochloric acid and cover with a layer of a good water repellent (for example, Eneklad SFS). Tip #3. The concrete pad under the curb can be replaced with mortar (a mixture of sand and cement 1:5). You also don’t have to lay out gravel if you are planning an area summer cottage. The crushed stone layer is replaced by 5-7 cm of spilled and compacted river sand. Tip #4. I am often asked, is it possible to lay tiles on brick? I have to say that this is a bad idea. The brick will eventually collapse from frost and moisture, which will make all your work in vain. Problems that may arise after laying tiles Problem No. 1: There were several tiles on the path that could not hurt to be raised higher. The joints are too narrow, the tiles cannot be reached. Solution: You can use two trowels. We place the trowels in the gaps between the tiles and using the lever method, slightly lift the desired block, insert the wedges, lift again, and so on until the tile is completely removed. Problem #2: The tiles became covered with yellow spots some time after installation. Solution: Don't panic! Most likely it's the salt coming out, after a few rains everything should go away. Problem #3: The top layer of paving slabs comes off along with the snow and ice. Noticed only at the entrance, in other places everything is normal. In winter, at the entrance they sprinkled anti-slip agents a couple of times. Solution: In this case, the reagents are to blame; they destroyed the FEM coating. To prevent this from happening, you need to treat the surface with a good water repellent. Effect of the drug: additional decorative effect"wet stone"; protection of the tile surface from water, salts, industrial liquids (fuel oil, gasoline, etc.) and reagents. Problem #4: After a couple of years, half of the tiles simply fell apart. Solution: Most likely, the tiles were laid in late autumn at low temperatures and high humidity air and soil. You should cut out the damaged areas with a grinder, buy the same number of tiles and replace them using the same DSP or tile adhesive. In conclusion, we would like to remind you that outdoor tiles require maintenance and careful attitude. Do not use snow removal devices with a sharp metal bottom, which can scratch the tiles, do not allow loads that exceed the norm specified for paving stones, and clean your tiles from dirt. All these conditions will allow you long years enjoy the aesthetic appearance of your site.