Construction of the mansard roof frame. Mansard roof

With the help of an attic you can not only increase the number of usable rooms. A building with a high pitched roof looks more solid and presentable, while its construction is less expensive than the construction of a full-fledged two-story building. Read about how to make a mansard roof with your own hands in this article.

Choosing the type of roof and rafter system

For arranging an attic, two types of roofs are most often used:
regular gable: the roof has two inclined slopes, its ends are closed by triangular walls - pediments;

broken line: each of the slopes is additionally divided into two more, located under different angles; at the same time, the angle of inclination of the upper one is much less; the ends (pediments) have the shape of a pentagon.

Sloping and gable roofs

Construction gable roof is definitely much simpler. But the attic spaces in it, unfortunately, will be cramped, and the ceilings will be too low. Therefore, to create a comfortable attic, sloping gable roofs with a small (40-45°) slope angle are often used. Moreover, the smaller this angle, the more spacious the attic rooms will be. However, when constructing a more complex broken structure, it will be necessary to install additional connections between the rafters (inclined beams that serve as the roof frame).

There are two types of rafter systems:
layered: the rafters rest only on the outer walls;

hanging: additionally rest on capital partitions.

The first option is used only in the absence of such partitions. But, since the load on load-bearing walls in this case is quite high, it is possible to build layered structures only with a distance between capital walls up to 8 m. In other cases, it is better to use stronger hanging structures.

Layered and hanging rafter systems

On broken lines mansard roofs ah most often they mount combined systems , in which the rafters coming from the ridge are made hanging, and the lower side ones are layered. This device is especially effective for roofs with a slight slope.

Combined rafter system

Frame of a gable sloping roof

To obtain a full attic with a ceiling height of 2.5 m height of the roof before its break should be equal to 3.1 m. Recommended tilt angles– 60 and 30° (the upper part of the rafters can be tilted 15-45°).

Mauerlat device

Mauerlat– lower roof support laid on the upper part of load-bearing external walls:

1. When installing gable roof The Mauerlat is attached on both sides of the building at the rafter locations. Thanks to it, the load from the weight of the roof is evenly distributed over the entire surface of the wall. With a small roof mass, it is allowed to be laid only under the rafters, but in our case it should be laid along the entire perimeter of the wall.

Mounting the Mauerlat

2. To make the Mauerlat, timber is used made of wood coniferous species 100×150 mm. To prevent the wood from rotting, it is better to separate it from the wall layer of waterproofing. For these purposes, roofing felt or bitumen is most often used.

Waterproofing Mauerlat

3. The Mauerlat is attached to the base using threaded rods under a wide washer. To do this, holes are drilled in it exactly to the size of the fasteners. Moreover, their frequency should be no less than the number of rafter legs, but no more than 2 m.

4. B brick walls it is attached to wooden plugs. To strengthen the fastening of the mauerlat in the masonry, you can provide special pockets, where it will be laid. It is allowed to lay a special one in the masonry wires (wire rods), with which the Mauerlat is screwed to the base. When constructing buildings made of aerated concrete or concrete slabs an armored belt with inserted thick metal pins is provided for it in the walls. Their length should be enough to girth the Mauerlat and tighten the locknut.

5. In wooden buildings The top log of a log house or beam is used as a mauerlat.

IN wooden houses The top log of the log house can serve as a maeurlat

Installation of purlins and struts

The most common way to build an attic roof is the following algorithm:
1. Mauerlats are laid first.

2. For ease of movement on the roof, a temporary flooring is prepared, replacing scaffolding.

Installation of a U-shaped roof frame

Terms used in construction

Purlins are additional horizontal beams. They can be:
skating: the upper part of the rafters rests on such a purlin; they may not be used in broken mansard roofs;

lateral: are located evenly along the entire roof slope, their number can be different and depends on the size of the roof itself and its angle of inclination.

4. On finished frame rafters are laid from durable timber 50×150 mm. Additional rigidity is given to the rafter legs using struts(diagonal beams used to strengthen the structure, installed at an angle of 45°, sometimes called rafter legs).

Fastening rafter legs

There are two types of rafter fastening:
hard: on metal staples, bolts or using a combination of wire and nails;

sliding (hinged): if the house moves, the rafters move along the mauerlat along the “slides” provided in the fastenings.

Rigid connection of rafters

The hinged version is more reliable, as it avoids displacements or even ruptures of roof elements during seasonal ground movements. During construction wooden houses subject to shrinkage, such fastening also helps the roof “adjust” to the new position of the walls.

Hinged rafter legs

Types of rafter fastenings

Advice. To determine location upper rafters You should make a temporary stand from several beams and nail it to the Mauerlat so that the upper part falls exactly on the center line of the roof. You can easily align the upper rafters using it.

The upper part of the Mauerlat should be beveled. To avoid mistakes, it is better to make a template from a thinner board, which is applied to the purlin and the shape of the cut is drawn on it. If the lower part of the rafters is attached to cuts, they are cut out on site.

Watch a video on how to make a mansard roof with your own hands:

Many males, having found a family, sooner or later think about purchasing their own home. Someone takes out a mortgage on an apartment, and someone saves money for... But save up for big house Not many succeed and the alternative would be to build a house with.

What is a mansard roof?

The attic can be built from or from a material suitable for you.

It will not be difficult to build an attic, but it requires patience, hard work, suitable materials and availability of tools.

The shape and design of the roof must be included in the design of the house in order to avoid incidents during further operation.

You can build a house with standard project or order it from professionals. In such documentation you will be able to understand where to start and choose the appropriate materials for construction.

Now you can purchase everything you need, but first equip a place to store building materials and tools. The storage place must be dry and so that rain or snow cannot harm the construction material.

It will also be possible to equip a small workshop under the canopy for the manufacture of some parts of the house or roof. For a house made of or who does not have the opportunity to build a full second floor, the choice of an attic roof will be the best option. The house from will budget option. Next we will look at the structure of the attic.

The design elements of the attic are practically no different from gable roofs.

Materials required for the construction of an attic roof

The roof is the outer covering of the roof, it protects the inside of the attic and can be made of various materials.

For roofing, as a rule, such materials are used:

Stages of building a do-it-yourself attic roof

After becoming familiar with the names of the roof structure, we can continue to further analyze the construction step by step.

First stage

Attic construction always begins from mounting the Mauerlat.

When building on a stone box, you need to think about securing with studs or anchors at a distance of no more than two meters.

At the locations of the anchors, the timber is marked, a hole is made in it and put on the anchors, then the Mauerlat is fixed with nuts to the wall.

To simplify the marking, you need to place the beam on the anchor and lightly go over it with a hammer, after these manipulations there should be traces left, they will be the places for drilling holes.

Second phase

The second stage of the attic construction will be the installation of floor beams.

Actions must be consistent.

First of all, the outer beams are installed at the ends, then the intermediate ones. It is necessary to stretch a nylon cord or scaffolding between the intermediate and outer beams, or you can also use a level. These devices are needed to indicate the plane.

Third stage

We install, align in a vertical position and secure the support posts.

We strengthen it with jibs and make horizontal runs.

It must be taken into account that the racks are placed in equal numbers with the floor beams on two parallel sides of the attic.

The rigidity of the supporting structure is ensured by horizontal girders.

Fourth stage (rafter system)

Template-prepared parts truss structure install according to and fix to vertical supports.

The elements can be fixed using boards or metal plates with holes.

Fifth stage (gables and sheathing)

Z
we sew up the gables, leaving space for them, and attach sheathing boards along the entire roof. This is the most simple work during the construction of an attic.

Sixth stage

Now we have come almost to the completion of construction and this is the insulation of the attic roof with our own hands.

IN modern construction They use a variety of materials for insulation and you can purchase them at any hardware store.

Final stage

After the roof is covered, we install a drainage system that will give the finished look. Of course, this is not quite the finale, because you have to interior work on finishing, but that is not covered in this article.

DIY attic photo

Expanding the living space in a private house after completion of construction will cause a lot of problems, including redevelopment and associated costs. But if you need it urgently extra room, there is an exit. A do-it-yourself attic roof, erected above the house, allows you to increase living space without adding an additional floor.

The mansard roof is somewhat different from the usual one. Its design is focused on obtaining the required volume and height of the room. To achieve this goal, attics are most often made according to a gable broken pattern.

The shape, angle of inclination and design of a sloping roof are influenced by the following factors:

the height of the snow cover and the maximum level of precipitation in your area - the higher it is, the greater the angle of inclination of the slopes should be;
calculated thickness of sound and heat insulation - a thick layer of insulation has a decent weight, which entails the need for additional fasteners;
in some cases, installing an attic roof with your own hands involves adding an external flight of stairs, which may also affect its design.

Technical terms and safety rules

broken roof assembled with your own hands from elements, most of which have their own historical names:

A beam placed along the walls, acting as a support for the rafters, is called a mauerlat.
Wooden beams, forming the roof slope, are called rafters.
Stiffening elements connecting individual rafters and distributing the load force between them form a suspension.
Flat boards, plywood, chipboards and other materials on which tiles, corrugated sheets or similar are laid roofing material, is called sheathing.

When working at height, it is very important to monitor your own safety. To do this you should:

use a fastening belt;
carefully secure the scaffolding during installation;
do not leave electric or other tools unattended, especially switched on;
When lifting and moving heavy loads, keep an eye on your assistants and it is advisable to always be within their visibility range;
do not leave loose parts on the roof slopes;
try not to be distracted by other matters when working at height.

Do-it-yourself attic photo: building a frame

Mansard roofs begin to be built from the base - the Mauerlat. It is laid along the top of the walls to connect the frame of the house and the roof structure. If the house is not brick, but made of wood, or its top floor is crowned with a wooden part, then the top log or beam can serve as the mauerlat.

In this case, the connection between the wall and the base is made using large staples, powerful overlays, nails or ties. To the old one brickwork or concrete wall the studs or anchors on which the mauerlat beam sits are driven tightly, and during construction new wall- installed during the laying process.

Mauerlat is made only from coniferous wood. The beam has a cross-section of 100 - 150 square centimeters. Coniferous wood is distinguished by its durability, resistance to stress and higher resistance to air humidity.

There must be waterproofing between the Mauerlat and the wall.

This can be a layer of thick roofing material or a durable waterproof membrane. Thanks to waterproofing, the roof with an attic will be protected from excessive moisture and wood damage. When installing the Mauerlat, you need to ensure that its surface is strictly horizontal. It will become the basis for setting the verticals and horizontals of the roof structure.

Floor beams are laid on the base so that their ends protrude 30-50 cm beyond the wall line. They are made of softwood, from timber with a cross-section of at least 100x200 mm. Fastening the beams to the Mauerlat is done with steel angles, brackets and other durable hardware.

For greater strength at the junction of the beams, you can choose pockets of recesses and lay them with one layer of roofing material. To ensure horizontal alignment, it is better to first lay the two outer beams, and level the rest along the stretched cord. Leveling is done by trimming and tamping small wedges under the beams, wooden spacers.

By accepted standards the pitch between the beams can vary from 50 to 100 cm. In practice, building an attic roof with your own hands is tied to the size of the materials used, and the pitch between the beams is adjusted to the width of the interfloor sheet sound-heat-insulating material, for example, construction wool. The ends protruding beyond the wall are treated with water-repellent protective agents.

The racks on which the logs will rest are installed vertically on the floor beams. They are made from timber 100x100 or 100x150 mm. The vertical position of the racks is controlled by a level or plumb line. The construction of an attic requires mandatory control of the placement of the upper ends of the racks in the same horizontal plane.

Fixation is done by temporary or permanent bevels, both in the longitudinal and transverse directions, in relation to the axial section of the roof. For jibs, any sufficiently strong boards or cuttings of thin timber are taken. The result will be two rows of racks, equal in height and parallel to each other.

On top of them, in one line with the Mauerlat, purlins are laid - boards with a section of 50x150 mm. Usually they are where the roof breaks. There are other design solutions, but this do-it-yourself broken mansard roof is the easiest to implement.

The runs of parallel rows are connected to each other by tie rods. The tie-girder-beam system forms the rigid skeleton of a rectangular living space. Tightenings work in tension and do not bear lateral load. Therefore, for them you can take a board thickness of 50 mm, and a crossbar thickness of 150 mm. To prevent sagging, it is installed on the edge.

Rafters

The roof construction itself mansard type begins with the stage of constructing the rafter system. With sufficient experience, it is better to assemble the rafters on the ground and move them upward for their sequential fastening on the purlins and the mauerlat. An easier, but more labor-intensive way is to collect them locally right at the top.

In this case, each board of the lower rafters is applied and cut in place, after which it is attached at the bottom to the base and protruding parts of the beams, and at the top to the purlins. The horizontal position of the installation is controlled by a stretched rope. Fastening is carried out with nails, wood screws, steel plates and staples. The lower part of the rafter leg should extend beyond the wall by 30-50 cm. This will be the basis for tamping the fillies that form the hanging part of the roof.

The upper part of the rafter system is formed by hanging rafters. They can also be collected on the ground and the finished corner can be served up. After connecting to the lower rafter legs, the ridge of each corner is rigidly attached to the central part of the tie by means of a headstock.

Under its weight, the upper part of the rafter system forms a strong self-regulating system, similar to an open umbrella. Thanks to this, any vibrations of the roof will be compensated by springiness. If the attic width is large enough, a ridge is tapped along the upper connection of the rafters. With a small width, its role can be played by the outermost boards of the sheathing.

Gable trim

The cladding of the gables can be done with any sheet material or boards. When hemming them, leave space for window and, if necessary, doorways. They are equipped with a reinforcing frame corresponding to the size of the window or door frame. At the same time, fillets are tacked to the lower parts of the rafter legs - extension boards that form the roof overhang.

The type of lathing depends on the characteristics of the selected type of roof. If it's soft mansard roof or bitumen shingles, then the structure should be continuous or with the minimum possible gaps. For hard coverings, their size and lathing pitch are indicated by the manufacturer of specific roofing materials.

Waterproofing is installed under the base for attaching the tiles. It is advisable to thickly treat the boards with a moisture-proofing agent. Plywood and other conifers sheet materials must be waterproof.

Insulation

A broken attic roof allows you to limit yourself to insulating the living space on the top and sides. At the same time, the lower part of the roof will be well ventilated, which will prevent moisture and condensation from accumulating. Due to the rafter voids, the attic will be protected with your own hands from overheating in the summer, and from hypothermia in the winter.

Attic interior lining

For interior lining attic room wooden or plastic lining, plywood, thin chipboard sheets or fiberboard. Use heavy facing materials should not, since the entire load from their weight falls on wooden beams.

Bottom line

A do-it-yourself attic will best meet your requirements and allow you to make maximum use of the attic space for organizing your living space.

Do-it-yourself mansard roof step by step video

Construction of an attic is a very important process that is performed both at the design stage of the entire house and after its construction. This premises provides its owners with additional square meters living space. Let's look at the features of the attic construction below.

Construction of an attic: project and its development

The attic is a rather difficult part of the building to construct. It is preferable to design it at the stage of building the house itself. Because building a residential attic on a finished building is not always possible. First of all, due to the fact that the attic space has considerable weight, and therefore loads the foundation.

The construction of an attic consists of a certain kind of stages, such as:

attic construction drawings;
dismantling old roofing materials, if the attic is being built on an already completed building;
strengthening the walls top floor, strengthening the foundation, if necessary;
erection of attic walls;
construction of the roof, its insulation, waterproofing and finishing;
installation of window structures;
interior finishing works.

Compliance with everyone technological nuances in the construction of an attic, will allow you to get a reliable and durable building.

The first and most important stage- drawing up a project for an attic room. At this stage, you should take into account such features as the size of the room, the material used in its construction, the roof and the level of its slope and many other nuances.

There are three ways to design an attic. The first is the most budgetary, drawing up the project manually. However, minimal design experience is required to carry out this operation. The second way is to use ready-made project documentation However, it is not a fact that someone’s attic design will be completely suitable for your home, so you will still have to make some adjustments to it. The third way is to contact specialized organizations that, in the shortest possible time, will help you draw up an attic project that is ideal for your home.

In progress independent design wall loads on the building should be taken into account, its appearance and finishing materials used both indoors and outdoors. Besides, in mandatory The load from the building on the foundation should be taken into account; it may need to be strengthened. If the attic is too heavy, there is a risk of deformation or cracks in the house.

Experts will help you choose the optimal building materials, which, on the one hand, will ensure the attic's durability in operation, and on the other hand, will help reduce its load on the base of the entire building.

In addition, after drawing up the project, it should be agreed upon with special government agencies. If you have a competent project, this process will go quite quickly.

Do-it-yourself attic construction in the house

We invite you to familiarize yourself with the option of constructing an attic in an already built and commissioned residential building. In this case, the first step is to dismantle the old roof. Thus, it will be possible to expand the under-roof space and increase the safety of the building under construction.

To dismantle the roof, it is not necessary to hire specialists; all work can be done with your own hands. To do this, you must first get rid of the external roofing finishing material. Next, you need to completely remove the sheathing and rafter system.

After this, it is necessary to strengthen the walls on the adjacent floor, since the attic will exert a certain pressure on them. The design features of the attic exert pressure not only on the surface of the base of the building, but also on its walls. Therefore, first of all, before constructing an attic, it is necessary to strengthen the walls close to it. To do this, you should use special calculations, according to which this process is carried out and the strength level of old walls is determined.

The next stage is insulation and waterproofing of the attic floor, which is also the ceiling on the previous floor. By using given action will be able to ensure a healthy atmosphere in the room. To insulate the attic, you can use various thermal insulation materials in the form of polystyrene foam, mineral wool, etc.

Construction of the attic photo:

Next follows the process of erecting walls in the attic. The walls are made in accordance with the project developed in advance. Most often, wood or timber is used to build walls. To insulate the attic, it is recommended to use mineral wool or expanded polystyrene. Choosing material for external and interior decoration walls, try to give preference to materials with high level fire safety.

The next process is the construction of the roof. IN in this case, calculation correct angle The slope of the roof is very important. Since a roof that is too flat will negatively affect the ease of use of the attic space. Please note that the roof must be properly waterproofed, since if there is the slightest leak on its surface, moisture enters the attic.

In addition, the shape of the roof should be as simple as possible; the presence of broken and shaped elements will only complicate the process of their construction. Also important is the issue of insulating the attic space. For these purposes they use various kinds Construction Materials. When choosing insulation for the attic, try to give preference to materials that do not absorb moisture and are resistant to frost, temperature changes and rodents. In addition, the thermal insulation material should not allow heat to escape from the room.

It is best to focus on conducting internal thermal insulation works. To create it, follow a number of steps:

install finishing in the form of plasterboard or plywood base;
form a vapor barrier layer; special films are used for these purposes;
lay thermal insulation material - the ideal solution - mineral wool;
ensure proper waterproofing of the roof using a special type of membrane;
lay external finishing roofing material.

To erect a roof, you will also need to install a rafter system and install sheathing, the installation step of which depends on the type of roofing material. After the roof installation is completed, windows should be installed.

In order to ensure high-quality lighting in the room, several windows should be installed in it, the size of which directly depends on the size of the attic itself. The window in the attic ceiling must be of high quality. It must be resistant to precipitation, wind, and temperature changes. In addition, with the help of window structures, high-quality ventilation of the attic is ensured.

Further actions for the construction of the attic are related to the internal finishing works, heating organization, decoration and design of the premises. Strict adherence to all recommendations for attic construction will help ensure long-term operation of this room.

Frame attic construction technology

Frame attic - perfect solution for any home, garage and even bathhouse. Among the advantages of attics frame type note:

lightness of the structure, so it does not load the main building, there is no need for additional strengthening of the walls and foundation;
affordable cost of the attic - in comparison with its stone options;
high level of thermal insulation and sound insulation;
the possibility of constructing an attic of almost any shape and configuration;
ease of implementation construction work, since the materials for the construction are quite light and special equipment is not required to lift them to the surface of the house.

Construction frame attic allows you to get finished building with excellent heat and sound insulation properties. In addition, the roof will remain completely intact, and effective area the premises will increase significantly.

A simpler process is to build an attic on a building that has not yet been erected. Construction of an attic on an already finished house requires dismantling the old roofing. Work should begin by studying the characteristics of the soil on the site and determining the bearing capacity of the foundation. If the foundation is not able to support the attic, then a series of works will be required to strengthen it.

Next, you should inspect the walls of the house for their susceptibility to additional loads. In this case, if necessary, it is necessary to strengthen the walls. After this, it is dismantled old roof and the ceiling is strengthened.

Construction wooden attic consists of the following stages:

production of frame system;
installation of walls;
insulation of attic walls;
installation work related to the installation of the roof;
finishing the attic with roofing materials and insulating the roof;
interior decoration of the attic.

In addition, the construction of an attic involves the installation of window and door designs, manufacturing and installation of stairs, etc.

In order to construct an attic from timber, you should prepare edged board, plywood, screws and the timber itself. Frame structure The height should be comfortable for the average person to move around. The optimal height of the attic is at least two meters. The height of the ridge zone should be about 350 cm.

The easiest way is to assemble the frame on the ground and then lift it onto the roof. The top beam or frame frame will act as a hearth in the attic. For fixation frame structure special boards or plywood are used on the surface of the house. In this way it is possible to obtain a special platform. The knots and quality of fastening depend on the material from which the attic walls are made. Self-tapping screws are used to connect the timber at the top of the structure. After production frame walls the roof should be thermally insulated and waterproofed. After this, the external and interior lining walls, windows and doors are installed, interior finishing work is carried out.

When planning an attic, you should carefully analyze the general condition of the main building. The attic can be one room or will consist of several rooms. At the design stage, you should also take into account the design and shape of the windows, as well as their location.

The attic should be constructed from light, but at the same time durable materials. Since the materials should easily rise to the roof and place minimal load on the base of the building.

The most optimal materials for constructing an attic are wood or steel profiles. An attic made of stone or concrete will load the main building. Roof finishing materials should also be light, but at the same time durable and reliable. Preferably used for roofing bitumen shingles or piece metal. We recommend using plasterboard for interior wall decoration and leveling.

Since the attic is located above the main building, it is in greater contact with cold air. Therefore, proper thermal insulation of this room should be ensured. Heated air in the room should not penetrate through the insulation. In addition, in order to prevent moisture from entering the room, it is necessary to ensure its waterproofing.

In relation to design features attic, it consists of a rafter system, which is installed in increments of sixty centimeters. To fill the gaps between the rafter system, it is recommended to install thermal insulation materials, such as mineral wool, inside them. It is possible to lay the insulation in one, two or even three layers. To calculate the total thickness of the thermal insulation material, the total heat loss coefficient in the room should be taken into account. To protect the roof from inside the room, a vapor barrier should be installed. Next, you should finish the roof using plasterboard, lining or finishing panels.

Do not forget to leave a ventilation gap, the main function of which will be to get rid of excess moisture in the under-roof space. The width of this gap directly depends on the type of roofing material. WITH outside thermal insulation material, a vapor-permeable wind protection should be installed.

Excellent vapor barrier material is a film made of polyethylene, glassine or roofing felt. The insulation is laid with an overlap of 15 cm. Construction tape is used to seal the seams. Please note that foil waterproofing is laid with a foil covering inside the room. Thus, the foil will reflect the heat that comes from the room.

Construction of the attic video:

The modern mansard roof is a great opportunity without unnecessary hassle significantly expand the living space of your home. But if you involve builders in the work, it can cost a pretty penny. It is quite understandable that each of us has thought about the question of whether it is possible to do everything on our own without experience. We assure you that a do-it-yourself attic roof is more than possible. We offer you comprehensive instructions.

Currently the best option- broken attic. It is quite spacious and can really become a full-fledged living space with large area. Naturally, for this you need to make accurate calculations.

Construction of an attic roof will require you to consider many factors before. Let's list the main ones.

Video about the attic roof of a house with your own hands

It is quite clear that the smaller the angle of inclination, the greater usable space will be in your attic. But it is not always necessary to strive for the most flat placement. Let's list some features of the choice:

If your home is located in an area with temperate climate where the weather is often windy and snow is rare, then you can safely make a roof with a slight slope;
If snowfalls and downpours are a frequent occurrence in your area, a flat roof should be abandoned;
Do not forget that you need to take care of high-quality heat, sound and waterproofing. The attic is a living space like the rest of the rooms in your house;
The best materials for roofing are tiles or slate. Many people mistakenly put metal coating, but with the arrival of cold weather they are faced with problems of heat conservation in the attic. Please note that materials must be fireproof and moisture resistant. The roof always consists of wooden elements. For better preservation, it is recommended to treat all such surfaces with an antifungal solution;
An external staircase for the attic will significantly save space in the house. An internal staircase is a much more convenient option, but it also takes up a lot of space. It’s great if you take care of installing a ceiling ladder. It takes up practically no space. Alternatively, you can install spiral staircase, but its convenience is often questioned.

An external staircase for the attic will significantly save space in the house

To begin with, you will need wooden beams 10x10 cm in cross section. They are applied on top of the waterproofing. The best material for it is roofing felt or roofing felt, which is sold in rolls. Working with them is quite convenient and you don’t need any additional skills. If your ceiling is also made of wood, then additional beam There is no need to lay it under the main beams.
The next step is to install the racks on the beams. The same timber with a section of 10x10 cm will suit you. These racks are a kind of skeleton of the walls of your attic. In order for them to fully perform their functions, they must be placed no further than two meters from each other. Make sure each one is perfectly level. We recommend checking each one with a level and, if necessary, filing to in the right places. When the racks are installed, they must be sheathed on both sides. For inside An excellent option is plasterboard or ordinary plywood, for the exterior - slab. It is important not to forget at this stage to lay the insulation between the racks. Each rack is separately secured with spikes and brackets. To prevent them from tilting, we recommend using temporary braces to secure them properly.
Next, lay the top beam. Its cross-section should be the same as in the previous paragraphs. You can secure it in any way that is convenient for you. But make sure that the beams are held tightly and firmly.

Each rack is separately secured with spikes and brackets

Now you need to install the Mauerlat. This is a kind of support for the rafter leg, which is located at the bottom of the structure. For the Mauerlat you will need a beam with a section of 40x40 cm or a board with the same thickness. Thanks to the Mauerlat, high strength of fastening of the roof rafters to the walls will be ensured. It allows you to redirect the weight of the roof directly onto the walls. It is not necessary to take a section larger than 40 cm. All the same, the Mauerlat lies directly on the wall and the load on it is relatively small. Just be sure to put waterproofing underneath it, otherwise it will start to rot over time.
A well-fixed Mauerlat protects your roof from the effects of wind, snow in winter and other loads. Therefore, make sure that it is secured carefully. For this you can use wire with a diameter of up to 5 mm. It is best to choose annealed wire, which is specifically intended for tying. To make the walls more durable, the wire is embedded directly into them.
Now you need to install the rafter legs. Make markings on the rafter frame and mauerlat in the places where the rafters will be installed. Usually the pitch is 1-1.2 m. For rafters, you will need a board with a cross-section of 4-5 cm and a width of 15 cm. Choose only perfectly flat boards. It’s better to overpay a little money for them, but be sure that a residential attic with your own hands will not cause your attic roof to collapse.

For rafters, you will need a board with a cross section of 4-5 cm and a width of 15 cm

The rafter legs should rest on the ridge beam. If your attic has a large area, then the weight of its roof will be large. Therefore the beam is mandatory element designs. It is not needed only if the rafter length is less than eight meters. In this case, you can get by with regular stretch marks.
Installation of fillies. Produce it according to the same scheme as the rafters. To simplify the process, start with the two outermost ones, stretch the twine between them and align with it when installing the next ones.
Now you need to nail the hem board to the fillies. It will become an obstacle to wind and almost any precipitation.
Before you make a mansard roof, you must think about where the windows will be installed. Remember that their area should occupy at least 12-13% of the area of the side walls. Where you decide to install windows, you need to strengthen the rafters. To do this, install cross beams. They will take on the role of the lower and upper parts of the opening, where the window frame will be installed and fastened.

Before you make a mansard roof, you must think about where the windows will be installed

When the previous ten points are completed, you need to carefully double-check everything that has been done. Already at this stage you will understand how to make a roof with an attic without any problems, but you should always play it safe. Especially if you are doing this for the first time.

Carefully go through all the rafters and beams with a level, check if they really hold tightly and reliably, if there is insulation everywhere, if any work needs to be done problem areas. It will be better if you ask someone from more experienced builders, evaluate with a trained eye whether everything is really done as it should be. Remember that the roof of your home must be safe and strong. But if everything is fine and the structure holds securely, you can proceed to further work:

You have already created the roof skeleton. Now you need to nail the furring slats to the rafters. The step depends on what roofing material you choose for your roof.
When the sheathing is installed, you need to install a water barrier on it. In most cases, regular plastic film is best suited for this. It is inexpensive, effectively protects the attic from moisture getting inside and is easily attached using construction staples. The main thing to remember is that the layers of film must be laid from bottom to top with the layers overlapping each other.
A thermal insulation layer must be placed on top of the film. One of the best materials which serves for these purposes is mineral wool. It is lightweight, retains heat perfectly and is completely safe for your health, unlike many others. thermal insulation materials. In addition, it effectively prevents the spread of rodents in your home.

A thermal insulation layer must be placed on top of the film.

When you reach the roof, follow the same procedure as in the case of plastic film. The roofing ball also lies from bottom to top, and the elements overlap each other. Make sure that in those places where there is a break in the roof, the upper ball of the roof protrudes above the lower one. It is very important. Otherwise, with the slightest rain, your roof will leak and the structure will gradually rot.
The ridge must be installed in such a way that its design completely eliminates the possibility of precipitation getting under the roof of your roof.

Completion of installation

The main part of the work has come to an end. It is recommended to make attic roofs multi-layered so that they provide better heat, sound and waterproofing of the entire attic. Do not forget also that the attic must “breathe”. Modern windows and doors are an integral element of any such roof.

If you have not completely decided on the installation of the stairs, then it is better to install an external one first. It will be cheaper and easier this way. In any case, if you feel that this option is not suitable for you, you can make a staircase indoors at any time, sacrificing space in the house.

Video about a gable roof

Now you know how to build an attic roof according to all the rules and without resorting to the help of an expensive team of builders. Be patient, choose quality materials and tool, and then follow our instructions. Good luck!

Construction of the mansard roof frame. Mansard roof - device and design