Menu for grapes: what and how to feed the vine so that it feeds us. How to fertilize grapes to get a great harvest

Feeding grapes after flowering helps increase yield

Grapes (lat. Vitis) are a representative of the Vinogradov family. The plant is susceptible to many factors and requires careful care to obtain good yields. An important part of grape agricultural technology is the application of fertilizers during each period of growth and development of the bush.

Why do you need to feed grapes?

Throughout the entire period of its life, the plant needs a certain set of fertilizers and fertilizing. During the first 2-3 years of the bush’s life, reserves nutrients are depleted from the soil and must be constantly replenished.

The set of minerals for feeding plants depends on:

• size and age of the bush;
• varieties;
• climate;
• time of year.

The most important stage of growing grapes is harvest formation. It is before and after flowering that it is necessary to carry out regular root and foliar feeding.

Root feeding of grapes in 4 stages

Basic root feeding of grapes is carried out four times per season:

• before flowering;
• after flowering;
• before harvest;
• after harvesting the berries.

In each of these periods, plants need radically different set microelements.

Feeding before flowering

First stage. 7-10 days before the start of flowering (beginning - mid-May, depending on the variety and climate), the bushes must be well fertilized with nitrogen and ammonia:

• 8 gr. potassium magnesium;
• 15 gr. ammonium nitrate.

The components are diluted in a bucket of water, and this volume is used per 1 square meter. m of irrigation area.

Chemical fertilizer can be replaced with natural fertilizer:

• 2 kg of rotted manure;
• 10 liters of liquid.

All volumes are calculated per 1 sq. m watering. Manure can be replaced with chicken manure: 50 gr. raw materials per bucket of water. Before use, the litter must be fermented for at least 2 weeks. You can add 5 grams to the solution. boric acid.

Many novice winegrowers are interested in the question: how to feed the grapes during flowering? During this important period, it is recommended to refrain from any manipulations. During flowering, the bushes should not be treated against diseases and pests, and you should not water them or carry out any fertilizing. This is due to the respiratory function of the roots. The soil should be dry and easily allow oxygen to pass through.

Do not feed flowering grapes!

During the flowering period of grapes, it is very important that the roots receive enough air. This will allow them to absorb all the necessary minerals from the soil. Before flowering, water thoroughly and good feeding so that by the time the first flowers appear the soil is not too wet, but retains all the nutrients.

How to feed grapes after flowering

Second phase. 10-15 days after flowering (mid-late July), before fruit formation begins, the bushes are fed with the same preparations as the first time. This is necessary for the formation of a mass of berries. This procedure is repeated every other week.

Third stage. 2 weeks before the harvest ripens, the bushes are fertilized with superphosphate and potassium salts: 20 grams each. each substance per bucket of water. This will enlarge the berries and enhance their sweetness. Nitrogen preparations should now be avoided. After a week, it is recommended to supplement the fertilizing with organic matter. It is better to use a non-concentrated solution of manure: 1 kg per 10 liters of liquid.

Fourth stage. When the bunches have already been removed, the bush should be prepared for rest. To do this, use a tablespoon of potassium magnesium per 10 liters of liquid. Potassium fertilizers will enhance protective functions plants and increase winter hardiness.

To carry out root feeding, you should dig small grooves around each bush, 0.2-0.3 m deep, into which fertilizers are applied. The distance from the trunk should be 0.5 m. Thus, the roots of the plant absorb substances more efficiently than when applied under the trunk. Root feeding should be combined with watering.

Foliar feeding of grapes before and after flowering

Along with soil fertilizing, foliar fertilizing can also be carried out. Feeding plants this way has undoubted advantages:

• nutrients are absorbed through the leaves in a matter of minutes, and the plants receive maximum effect from feeding;
• there is no reaction with the soil, as a result of which some components can be replaced by others;
• absorption of substances through leaves is many times more effective than through the soil;
• a positive effect is achieved as soon as possible after treatment.

The main condition for foliar feeding of grapes is clear weather. It is worth choosing a sunny day and afternoon, when the sun's rays are no longer so active.

First foliar feeding

Conducted a few days before the grapes bloom. 5 g of boric acid should be dissolved in 10 liters of water and sprayed on the plants. The procedure can be combined with fungicide treatment. Also, for fertilization during this period, nitrogen fertilizer is additionally used according to the instructions.

Second processing of grapes

7 days after flowering, plants need phosphorus. Treatment should be repeated after 2 weeks. Phosphorus-containing fertilizers will help the bushes form clusters and increase vegetative mass.

Fertilizing before harvest

For the final feeding, superphosphate fertilizers and potassium are used. These components will prepare the vine for dormancy.

How to determine what grapes are missing

A laboratory soil analysis will help determine exactly what the plant needs. But if this is not possible, you can get the correct answers by evaluating appearance bush.

• lack of nitrogen: grinding lower leaves, pale green tint;
• lack of boron: shedding of color, shrinkage of berries, marbled pattern on the leaves;
• there is not enough potassium: the edges of the leaves become brown, necrosis begins;
• lack of iron: yellowing of leaves, chlorosis;
• magnesium deficiency: pallor of leaf blades;
• lack of phosphorus: leaf petioles and veins turn red;
• Zinc deficiency: leaf asymmetry.

If problems with the plant or a disease caused by a lack of substances are identified, fertilizing is applied in excess of the specified norms, but within the limits of the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Bottom line

If you follow all the instructions for feeding grapes, you can count on an abundant and high-quality harvest of berries. These fertilizing recommendations are aimed not only at increasing the productivity of the bush, but will also help the plants endure the winter more easily.

Grapes are a very resistant bush to heat, cold, and low amounts of nutrients. It is enough to simply plant girlish grapes, and they will grow and develop until they ripen. Grapes can easily survive drought, after which in a short time they regain strength, grow and continue to bear fruit.

Even in a semi-abandoned place you can expect berries from the grapes, but this does not mean that feeding the grapes is not necessary. If you decide to grow grapes professionally, you must know the best, how, when and in what quantities you can fertilize the roots, bushes and leaves, starting from the moment you purchased and planted young seedlings and ending with the period of fertility of adult grapes. Now we will talk about how grapes should be fed.

Used outside root feeding grapes, foliar feeding and fertilizing the roots and soil are no less important. Since it is not for nothing that the biggest fears of experienced winegrowers are plant diseases, feeding the grapes with fertilizers is required. Even with all the resistance and endurance, depending on the variety, grapes can be susceptible to a variety of diseases.

They are often associated with the fact that the gardener has chosen cuttings of a poor variety; the cause may also be a lack of nutrients or their oversaturation in the soil, which affects the quality of the berries: chlorosis occurs on the leaves, the roots undergo changes.

About the soil

Watering and fertilizing of grapes and their roots is always required. The first and most important factor is that the soil for grapes must initially be nutritious, rich in microelements, because grapes deplete the soil, and its fertility depends largely on the care and presence of microelements in the soil on which it grows. And if the land is depleted, you can’t expect anything from the grapes big harvest: It will begin to grow poorly and become susceptible to disease due to lack of nutrients. For example, in middle lane In Russia, in the Moscow region, it is almost impossible to grow grapes due to depleted and non-nutritious soil. Accordingly, if a gardener wants to grow grapes, he needs to provide care for the plant both during planting of seedlings, before and before flowering, and during ripening, growth, before and after harvesting.

You need to know how best to fertilize the soil with minerals, microelements and other nutrients so that the grapes planted in it grow and can be expected to bear fruit quickly. Eat different ways(foliar and root), how to properly fertilize grapes and what means, depending on the variety and phase of the growing season, are best to use in each season. This is important to know if you decide to become a winegrower or are already one.

About nutrients

What nutrients do grape bushes need for better and faster growth:

• Potassium. At the end of summer and before autumn, fertilizing grapes with potassium chloride is very useful. He helps to meet cold winter and ripen the vines and fruits during this cold season.
• Thanks to copper, the roots of the plant become more frost-resistant, and resistance to drought also improves, which is important for the plant in the summer, so it can be fertilized both in the spring in preparation for the heat, and in the fall before winter.
• The harvest can be expected to be larger and better in quality after fertilizing with zinc;
• At the very beginning of flowering, feeding seedlings using phosphate fertilizers will help to ripen the inflorescence, berry ovaries and ripening of clusters. It is important that they are fed either before flowering or at the very beginning.
• Nitrogen will help ripening young grapes. It can be applied after the grapes have survived the winter, at the very beginning of spring. Nitrogen promotes the growth of green mass, that is, leaves and shoots. With the onset of summer, the grapes' need for nitrogen decreases. Fertilizing grapes in July or August with nitrogen becomes harmful to the bushes. AND best scheme at this time - feeding the seedlings with urea and ammonium nitrate or using azophoska.
• Fertilizing with boric acid increases the sweetness of grape berries and accelerates their growth and ripening (for example, the Isabella variety is already sweet, fertilizing with boric acid is not necessary). Also, due to boron fertilization, pollen germinates better. Used as foliar fertilizers.

How to fertilize

There are different ways to fertilize grape bushes. Let's consider how to properly fertilize with mineral and organic substances, yeast, how to properly use wood ash, bird droppings, and manure.

Seedlings and already mature bushes are fed with mineral trace elements (sulfate, ammonium nitrate, boric acid, potassium chloride, etc.); you can also use fertilizers containing several elements to improve growth. These include ammophos, nitrophoska. It is also allowed to use multi-component products (florovit, novofert, aquarin).

Minerals or organics

You cannot think that only mineral microelements need to be fertilized with grape bushes. Feeding grapes with manure is very important. The root system needs nutrients from the air and into the ground. different substances Organic fertilizers will help. They are also needed so that the roots are better saturated with minerals. In addition, the root system, thanks to rotted manure, receives the necessary substances: phosphorus, nitrogen, etc.

Manure can be replaced with compost and spraying and root treatment can be carried out. Every gardener can prepare it. For this, dried grass, sawdust, chicken droppings are used (droppings of other birds are also suitable, but chicken droppings are often in demand), and manure. Tree ash, branches and other organic waste are also used. One of the important organic fertilizers is bird droppings. It contains very valuable, easily digestible elements.

It is very easy to prepare bird droppings for use. This will require 4 liters of water and 1 liter of litter, after which it is diluted another 10 times to form a liquid suspension, and only after that it is introduced into the ground. For one bush, 0.5 liters is enough.

Potassium chloride is often replaced due to a large increase in the concentration of chlorine in the soil, which is why ash is often used. It can provide the bush with the presence of phosphate and potassium elements. Of the sunflower husks, the ash is the most useful. But in no case should you use ash fertilizer together with lime.

Indication of timing and methods of fertilization

For root feeding of grapes, you need to dig small holes, about 40 cm around each bush. Thanks to this move, the roots will better absorb and assimilate the substances introduced into the soil, especially when deciding to combine root and foliar treatments (spraying, watering).

Fertilizer calendar:

• Spring is the beginning of growth and flowering of any plant. It can be very difficult for grapes to survive winter. And after cold weather (especially in the first year young bush after planting), it is imperative to bring the grapes back to normal. Ammonium nitrate in the amount of 20 g, potassium salt, which should be taken 10 g, and superphosphate (40 g) are diluted in 20 liters of water, which should be used for root treatment. The solution is enough for 2 bushes. And you need to feed the grapes with the same emulsion a couple of weeks before flowering.
• Fertilizing of grapes during flowering, before ripening, is carried out with monophosphate or superphosphate, potassium (without nitrogen). These fertilizers are introduced into the soil;
• If the harvest has already been harvested, you need to prepare for winter, and all grape feeding should be adjusted to increase frost resistance. It is good to use potassium for this.
• Manure fertilizers (feeding grapes by spraying, root fertilizers) are also used during spring flowering.
• Caring for grapes in July-June is to ensure that the bush does not deplete the soil and that there is a watering schedule during the dry months;
• Approximately once every three years, in September, you need to fertilize the vineyard with ash with the addition of manure, superphosphate and ammonium sulfate.

It is important to distribute the soil around each bush, after which deep digging is done

If the soil is poor or sandy, you need to apply this fertilizer every second year, or even every first year. Don’t forget about foliar fertilization methods.

Caring for decorative varieties

If you think about how to feed grapes for the best effect, winegrowers use not only generally accepted methods of processing their green garden. From the moment the cuttings appear until the berries are fully ripened, gardeners often use folk remedies. Fertilization with mullein is also practiced, combined with fertilizing and watering the grapes.

If you decide to grow an ornamental (Vichi, virgin) or semi-ornamental (wild) variety, then, although feeding and fertilizing the grapes is not so important for them, this does not mean that you can do nothing with them until they ripen. Constant care is needed, which includes feeding the grape plant and trimming unnecessary vines. And these procedures must be completed in the first year.

Decorative varieties need to be fed due to the fact that there are no clusters of berries, and the leaf part of this variety is the main one. It is necessary to take care so that the leaves do not develop chlorosis of various origins and other diseases that can spoil the beauty grapevine and leaf. Summer treatment should be aimed at improving the soil and leaves so that chlorosis is not terrible, and the second half of autumn should be aimed at an excess of lime, which can lead to spots on the leaves and vines. This is why feeding grapes of any variety is important, only different preparations are used for different ones.

It is believed that growing a healthy, lush vineyard that produces bountiful harvest large and sweet berries are difficult. Grapes are a capricious crop that requires constant care. This opinion is wrong.

Grapes really need a complex of certain nutrients and proper care. However, this plant is no more whimsical than, for example, strawberries or raspberries. You just need to know when to apply fertilizers, choose the right fertilizer for grapes and follow the rules for their application.

Article outline

The main mistakes of winegrowers

When growing grapes, gardeners usually make the following mistakes:

1. mainly fertilizing of young grape seedlings is carried out, when minimal attention is paid to adult plants;
2. fertilizing is applied only in the form of complex fertilizers;
3. An excessive amount of fertilizer is applied to the grapes.

As practice shows, many gardeners feed young seedlings, while the adult grapevine remains unattended. It is believed that mature plant with a powerful rhizome, it will independently extract nutrients from the deep layers of the soil. While young grapes need strength for growth and development.

In fact, seedlings do not require additional fertilizing at all in the first two years if all the rules were followed during planting and all necessary fertilizers were added to the planting hole.

An adult plant, on the contrary, can completely deplete the soil in a few seasons. Feeding should become mandatory for plants older than three years.

The use of complex fertilizers for the vineyard soil is a completely justified procedure, but only once during the growing season. Standard complexes contain the main elements of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, but microelements valuable for grapes may be absent.

In addition, the application of nitrogen to grapes is indicated only twice in early spring. In subsequent fertilizing, the presence of nitrogen can harm the plants. If you do not want to give up complex formulations, select fertilizers special for grapes, which, in addition to the main macroelements NPK, contain a complex of microelements of zinc, boron, sulfur, calcium, magnesium and manganese.

Another mistake wine growers make is the unsystematic application of excess fertilizers.. Indeed, grapes are a nutritionally demanding plant; however, additives of mineral and organic origin should be added in strictly standardized doses and only in certain time. Otherwise, the grapevine will become vulnerable to disease, the plant will lose immunity, and the timing of fruiting may be delayed until the onset of autumn frosts.

What substances need to be fed to grapes?

To help the plants develop properly, let’s try to figure out what to feed the grapes and what nutrients they need.

• Nitrogen - stimulates the growth of foliage and young shoots, is necessary in the spring, at the end of the growing season it is harmful for grapes, as it delays the ripening of berries and wood, which protects the vine from the cold in winter.
• Phosphorus is necessary for grapes to form inflorescences, ovaries and ripen berries, so it is added before flowering begins. Due to the prolonged decomposition period in the soil, phosphorus fertilizers for grapes are also applied in the fall, so that by the beginning of the growing season the plant receives this macronutrient in full.
• Potassium is an important macronutrient for grapes. The vine does not tolerate low temperatures well, and potassium increases the grapes' resistance to winter frosts. Potassium also increases resistance to drought and dehydration, diseases and pests. Potassium fertilizers are applied to grapes in the fall.
• Boron - stimulates the flowering process and prevents the ovaries from falling off, affects the sugar level in fruits, and accelerates their ripening.
• Copper – enhances the growth of young shoots, affects the immunity of grapes.
• Zinc – affects the amount of harvest.
• Magnesium – affects the absorption of phosphates, participates in the processes of photosynthesis and protein formation, and affects the taste of grapes.

Grapes do not tolerate chlorine well, so when choosing mineral fertilizers, pay attention to the absence of this element in the composition.

Grape feeding scheme

Mineral supplements or organic?

For grapes you can only get by mineral fertilizers, which can be simple (two- or one-component) and complex (multicomponent).

However, it is unlikely that you can get by with mineral supplements alone. Chemical compositions, although they provide nutrition to plants, do not change the structure of the soil. And the grapes need fertile soil with a high content of humus and beneficial bioflora.

You can also use it, but be extremely careful so as not to harm the vine. In litter, all chemical components are in a more concentrated form compared to other types of organic matter. Particularly dangerous high doses nitrogen.

To prepare liquid fertilizer, you need to dilute the droppings with water in the ratio of 1 part organic matter/4 parts water, that is, for every 100 g of fertilizer you will need 400 ml of water.

The resulting mixture is infused for 3–7 days and then used, diluted tenfold with water. For a 10 liter bucket of water you will need 1 liter of chicken manure infusion.

Potassium chloride, dangerous due to the chloride compounds it contains, will replace. A regular one will do. wood ash, although sunflower husk ash is considered the best, fruit trees and grape ash.

Scheme of root feeding of grapes

Farmers have different opinions on how many times it is necessary to apply fertilizers to grapes. Some people believe that feeding the vine should begin in early spring after the last snow melts. Some gardeners fertilize the vineyard for the first time just before flowering.

We have selected a grape feeding scheme for depleted and sandy soils, where nutrients are present in minimal quantities. If the vineyard is developed on fertile lands or fertilizers have been applied to the vines since the fall, you can skip the first fertilizing in the spring.

During the season, the grapes will need 5 root feedings:

1. held in early spring, before the bushes open after wintering;
2. carried out before flowering;
3. before the formation of ovaries;
4. before harvest, in a state of technical ripeness of grapes;
5. in the fall, carried out depending on the type of soil.

First feeding

Feeding grapes in spring begins when the temperature reaches +16°C. For feeding, prepare a solution:

• from 20 g of superphosphate, 5 g of potassium salt, 10 g of ammonium nitrate.

This composition will help plants recover after winter. One grape bush will need 10 liters of liquid mineral fertilizer. Also the first spring feeding grapes can be fertilized with any complex fertilizer prepared according to the instructions, or you can use slurry prepared at the rate of 1 kg of organic matter/10 liters.

How I feed grapes

Second feeding

The second fertilizer of grapes in the spring is necessary not only for the growth of leaves and shoots. The goal is to stimulate the flowering process, therefore in mineral compounds and organic matter, an additional 5 g of boric acid is added. To feed the grapes a second time, you can use the composition for the first feeding or use a solution of nitrophos at the rate of 60 g - 70 g/10 l. But the best option will be the use of organic matter to fill the soil solution with humus:

• 2 kg of mullein are diluted in 5 liters of water and allowed to brew for several days, then the resulting mixture is brought to a volume of 12 liters, this amount is calculated per 1 m² of grape planting.

• make a weakly concentrated solution, no more than 50 g of litter/10 l, the liquid fertilizer should infuse for 2 - 5 days.

Third feeding

It is carried out at the end of flowering and 10 days before the formation of fruit ovaries.

When choosing a fertilizer for the third feeding, you need to understand that the main component should be active nitrogen, which will affect the weight of the fruit and the amount of the harvest as a whole. Root feeding of grapes with active nitrogen is prepared:

• from 10 g of potassium magnesium and 20 g of ammonium nitrate, diluted in 10 liters of water.

Fourth feeding

It is carried out in a state of technical ripeness of the bunches, approximately 10 - 20 days before harvest. The goal is to improve the taste of the grapes, the keeping quality of the bunches and increase the weight of the berries themselves. At this time, nitrogen is contraindicated in the vineyard; only phosphorus and potassium are added. It is better not to use complex compounds and organic matter, especially bird droppings, due to their high content of active nitrogen. For feeding:

• 20 g of superphosphate and 20 g of any potassium fertilizer without chlorine per 10 liters of water.

After harvesting, if desired, you can additionally apply 20 g of potash fertilizers in solution per 1 m² so that the plants replenish the nutrients lost during the growing season. If planned autumn feeding grapes, fertilizer may not be applied.

Fifth feeding

The last application of fertilizer for grapes occurs in the autumn months. This procedure will prepare the vine for winter and create a supply of nutrients for the beginning of the next season. Autumn application does not have to be carried out annually if the vineyard is planted on fertile soils.

For chernozems, it is enough to add mineral supplements and organic matter once every three years. For sandy loam soils, autumn application becomes more frequent up to once every two years, while for light sandy soils annual application in the fall is indicated.

In autumn, mineral compounds or organic matter are used. Manure or bird droppings are applied rotted. Fresh organic matter in the fall can harm the vine, as it contains active nitrogen, and the main elements before wintering are phosphorus and potassium. Grapes will also need sulfur, manganese, boron, and zinc to improve immunity. Iodine can be added to fertilizer formulations for vineyards on sandy soils.

Mineral complex in autumn:

• 10 g of potassium salt, 20 g of granulated superphosphate, 1 g of boric acid, 2 g of zinc sulfate, 2 g of manganese sulfate, 1 g of potassium iodine.

Organic fertilizers in autumn:

• rotted manure – 2 kg/1 m², applied dry or liquid;
• bird droppings – 1 kg/1 liter of water/1 m² of planting, applied only in liquid form so as not to burn the roots of the plants;
• ash - 300 g / 10 l of water / 1 bush - applied after abundant moisture of the soil.

How to properly fertilize grapes

Rules for applying fertilizers for grapes

The main mistake gardeners make is shallow planting of crops or combining watering and fertilizing of grapes. When planted superficially, grapes develop more roots in upper layers soil solution.

Nutrients remain unavailable to the powerful rhizomes of adult plants. In winter, the upper roots will begin to freeze, and the grapes may simply die. The same situation occurs when watering is combined with the application of fertilizers.

In order for fertilizing grapes in spring and autumn to produce results, any fruits are placed in trenches dug in the circle of bushes. The diameter of the trunk circle depends on the age of the vine and can be 40 cm - 80 cm. The depth of the trench varies between 20 cm - 50 cm.

For a three-year-old vine, for example, you can add nutrient mixtures to a depth of 20 cm - 25 cm; for older plants, the depth should be greater - 35 cm - 50 cm.

In spring, any compositions are applied in liquid form. Before application, the soil is watered generously. This way the nutrients will not burn the roots and will become more accessible to the plants. In autumn, tuk can be applied dry and in liquid form. The exception is bird droppings, which are always used in liquid form. After laying the fertilizer, the trench needs to be backfilled and compacted a little.

When using ash, special rules must be observed, since this type of organic matter can leave severe burns on the roots. Before adding ash, at least 3-4 buckets of water are added into the trench around the bush, and only after that the solution with ash is poured out.

Scheme of foliar feeding

Sometimes root feeding does not bring results. Why? The reaction with the soil and the fertilizer components among themselves leads to the formation of harmful salts that are not absorbed by the grapes. In this case, several heavy rains must pass so that the fertilizers applied by the root method dissolve in the soil and reach the rhizome. For these reasons, most winegrowers prefer to replace root application with foliar feeding of grapes.

Foliar feeding of grapes can give results within a few days, because some microelements are absorbed by the leaf within the first minutes after spraying. Add to this minimum consumption water and fertilizers compared to root application. The benefits are obvious, so check out the following foliar feeding scheme:

1. first treatment on the leaf - no earlier than 3 - 5 days before flowering, used boric acid 5 g/10 l/1 bush, spraying with this composition is usually combined with the use of fungicides to prevent the development of pathogenic flora; fertilizers containing nitrogen can be used in the first feeding;
2. second spraying - 5 - 10 days after flowering, phosphorus mineral fertilizers are used, ash can be selected from organic fertilizers, nitrogen compounds are excluded;
3. third spraying - with an interval of 15 days after the second treatment with a similar composition;
4. fourth treatment - 15 days before the ripening of the bunches and harvesting, nitrogen-containing fertilizers are excluded, spraying is carried out with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers to bring the vine and roots to a state of rest and prepare for the winter period.

It is better to use the evening or early morning hours for processing. Sprayed down side leaf. In some cases, spraying can be replaced by manually wetting the leaves.

As you can see, caring for grapes is not much different from the rules for caring for other berry plants. The application of the main components is carried out depending on the stage of development of the vine, taking into account the soil and temperature regime. Follow the rules for applying fertilizers, and your vineyard will give a bountiful harvest of delicious berries.

How to fertilize grapes after flowering

Grapes are considered unpretentious plant, however, for proper growth and good harvest It is necessary to feed grape seedlings in the first stages of their growth so that in the future the berries are juicy and tasty.

Types of fertilizers

In order to feed grapes correctly, you need to know which elements the plant needs most. Which fertilizers should be applied at the root, and which should be used to spray the leaves.

Nitrogen fertilizers for grapes

Nitrogen helps leaves and shoots grow quickly and without problems. Most fertilizers containing nitrogen are applied in the spring, when the growing season is just beginning. It should be noted that in August and autumn it is impossible to introduce substances containing nitrogen. This may prevent the plant's wood from ripening.

The most popular nitrogen-based fertilizers are:

• Urea. 46% consists of pure nitrogen. Urea is used as both foliar and root feeding of grapes. Due to the large amount of nitrogen in the composition, it can only be applied several years after planting. In order not to harm the plant, you need to dilute up to fifty grams of fertilizer per liter of water and apply it to the soil.
• Ammonium nitrate. It is best to use the substance during flowering. It is not recommended to fertilize grapes while pouring berries. This may affect the quality of the berries. Ammonium nitrate is best sprinkled on slightly moistened soil around the bush.

Potassium fertilizers for grapes

Potassium is another important microelement that is necessary for the full development of the plant. It accelerates the growth and ripening of plant berries. Nutrients consisting of potassium are excellent for feeding grapes in the fall, since such fertilizers well prepare the plant for cold weather.

Grapes are one of the crops that consume the most a large number of potassium from the soil, so you can feed the soil annually.

• Potassium sulfate. For good result It is best to use this product as a foliar feed during the final growth stage. The average amount of substance needed is 20 grams per 10 liters of water; you need to add 40 grams of superphosphate to the bucket. It neutralizes acidity.
• Potassium chloride. Contains 50% to 60% potassium. It is best to add lime to this fertilizer to neutralize the acidity. Potassium chloride can be used in tandem with any microelements and nutritional raw materials, except urea.

Phosphorus fertilizers for grapes

Phosphorus is one of the three most necessary components for garden crops. He - perfect solution for feeding young grapes initial stages growth and flowering. Thanks to the phosphorus base, flowers and berries develop much faster and better.

• Superphosphate. Contains up to 20% phosphorus and gypsum. Suitable for any type of soil, however, acidic soils must first be limed or lime must be added to the fertilizer solution. Superphosphate should be applied after flowering begins. This will help the fruits develop better during the ripening period.
• Double superphosphate. It consists of 50% phosphoric acid, but does not contain gypsum. It is used in the same way as simple superphosphate.

Complex and compound fertilizers

Complex nutrients are made up of two or more elements.

• Azofoska. It is a combination of three main macroelements: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It is found in two forms - dry and dissolved. The first one must be applied under the bush. The amount of substance is up to sixty grams per plant. It can only be used in the warm season. The liquid form consists of two tablespoons of azofoska diluted in one bucket of water; the solution must be poured under the root.
• Bishofite. A complex fertilizer containing magnesium, boron, iodine and bromine. In total, more than ten components. Used for foliar feeding of grapes. Ten liters of water must be dissolved in 150 milliliters of bishal, but in order not to damage the plant, the dosage can be reduced by almost half. This product is used as boron feeding for grapes. In terms of quantity, this element in the composition of bischofite ranks second, magnesium is in first place.

Application of organic fertilizers

Grape feeding ash- perfect solution. It is best to use only wood. Ash after burning coal is not used as fertilizer at all; it contains toxins that are harmful to plants.

Tree ash contains a large amount of micronutrients that are beneficial to the plant. For example, magnesium, boron, potassium and phosphorus. Can be used as a soil acidity level regulator.

Other organic fertilizer - bird droppings. It helps to almost double the fruit yield and speed up the ripening process for several weeks.

To understand how to feed grapes with chicken droppings, you need to remember important rule: before applying such fertilizer, you need to prepare a special nutrient solution for a plant. Fresh droppings can irritate the soil and shoots.

For 20 liters of water you need about 1 kilogram of litter, the solution must be infused for two weeks. Fertilizer should be applied at a short distance from the bush in small portions into holes up to 35 centimeters deep. To fully fertilize the plant, two buckets are enough.

Folk remedies for fertilizing grapes

One of the most effective means– yeast feeding. The recipe is quite simple:

1. One gram of dry baker's yeast must be dissolved in one liter of slightly warmed water, add a teaspoon of sugar, mix thoroughly until completely dissolved. The mixture should infuse for a couple of hours. Before fertilizing plants, one liter ready solution dilute with five liters of clean water.
2. Dilute fifty grams of live yeast in a liter of slightly warmed water, let it brew a little. Before watering, it is also necessary to dilute the fertilizer with five liters of water.

Microfertilizers

In addition to the three main elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, for full growth and good yield, grapes also need other microelements: boron, magnesium, zinc and others.

Microfertilizers are one of the most popular fertilizers. There are a huge number of them. For example, potassium magnesium, which contains 28% potassium, 18% magnesium and about 16% sulfur.

Microfertilizers also include copper, which is used for foliar feeding.

One gram of the substance is enough to spray one bush. It should be applied no more than once every four years.

Scheme of root feeding of grapes

To apply fertilizing correctly, you need to know the dosage and timing. It is better to add less than to haphazardly add useless and sometimes harmful substances.

Spring feeding of grapes is considered the most important stage. It helps the bushes recover after frost and stimulates fruit production.

Methods of fertilizing

Root and foliar feedings are distinguished. They differ in the way they are introduced. In the first case, nutrients need to be poured or placed under the bush for better effect. The second can be considered an auxiliary stage. Foliar feeding helps the plant to develop properly, stimulates the growth of shoots and ovaries, and increases productivity.

Foliar feeding

If the grapes are planted in soil that is saturated with microelements, then for the first three years there is no need to fertilize it, since the plant will feed on substances from the soil. Foliar feeding promotes development and improves productivity. The leaves should be treated the first time before flowering, the second time after flowering, the third time during the ripening of the brushes. Foliar feeding of grapes is carried out regardless of the amount and type of fertilizers applied to root system plants.

To know exactly what to feed the grapes with, you need to take into account the type of soil and the age of the plant. The most important elements are nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. Almost all fertilizers contain them. Boron, magnesium, zinc and iodine are also needed for full growth. Thanks to the ability to feed grapes correctly and in a timely manner, you can get juicy and tasty fruits.

In order for grapes to produce high yields, they need good fertile soil. With a young vine planted in a pre-fertilized place, everything is clear. But as for a grape bush growing in one place for several years in a row, then it is impossible to do without fertilizing. We will figure out how to feed the grapes.

What do grapes need to eat?

Before you start choosing a fertilizer for these amber berries, you need to know what useful material needed for them. But grapes are not satisfied with 2-3 fertilizing per season. During different periods Grapevine development requires different nutrients. And that's not all the wisdom. It will be useful to understand when and how to feed the plant. Nutrition must be introduced in a special way so that it is completely absorbed.

Spring feeding of grapes

What nutrients should you feed grapes:

• Spring feeding of grapes involves, first of all, the introduction of nitrogen. This element is responsible for the growth of green mass, which is why nitrogen is needed in the spring, by the middle of the season its amount is noticeably reduced, and by the end of summer it is not needed at all. The plant obtains nitrogen from ammonium nitrate or urea.
• When the flowering phase begins, grapes need phosphorus (superphosphate), which is responsible for setting berries and ripening them.
• Feeding grapes in the fall involves saturating them with potassium. It reduces the ripening time of the bunches and helps prepare the vine for the cold period.
• Feeding with copper increases resistance to drought and frosty weather, and gives impetus to the development of the grapevine.
• With the help of zinc, grape yields are increased.
• By adding boron to plant nutrition, they obtain good pollen, improve sugar content, and with this microelement the crop ripens faster.
• The taste of berries is formed by magnesium; it also performs a certain function in the formation of proteins and the passage of photosynthesis.

This is a list of the main substances without which the grapes will not die, but development will be slow and harvests will become meager. It is important not to forget about the incompatibility of vineyards with chlorine; you should choose fertilizers that do not contain this element.

What fertilizer for grapes is considered the best?

Fertilizers for grapes vary in composition:

• one-component;
• with several components (2-3 components);
• complex, with many components.

Water-soluble fertilizer for grapes 100 g, Novofert

The first include ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, potassium salt, the second group includes “Nitrophoska”, “Ammophos”. Complex fertilizers include the following names: “Novofert”, “Aquarin”, “Rastvorin”, “Florovit”.

But these fertilizers alone are not enough for normal growth and fruiting. After all, this is feed for the plant itself; fertilizers do not improve the soil. Therefore, other elements are needed. They can be manure or compost. Manure stimulates the development of beneficial microbes in the soil, which help grape rhizomes to fully absorb nutrition; they also make the composition of the soil layer more loose and permeable to air.

Compost has the same properties as manure. You can make compost yourself and replace manure with it.

Bird droppings are another important component for feeding grapes when organic matter is required. It contains microelements that are easily absorbed by the roots of the vineyard. The droppings must be used with extreme caution, as they are very concentrated. To prepare the solution, take 1 part bird droppings and 4 parts water, mix and leave for up to 10 days. After this period, the liquid contents are diluted tenfold and only after that they are applied under the bushes in an amount of 0.5 liters.

As you can see, to feed grapes you should use both mineral fertilizers and organic matter.

Root feeding of grapes

The most suitable feeding is considered to be the application of fertilizers to the growth zone of the root system. The most complete fertilization of grapes is carried out once every two years. To do this, a narrow ditch is laid along the grape row at a distance of 70–80 cm from the plant, its depth no more than 0.5 m. Fertilizers are laid out in the ditch prepared in this way, after which they are sprinkled with soil. This feeding of grapes is carried out in the spring, when the buds have not yet opened, or at the end of autumn, before covering the vine for the winter.

Fertilizer Florovit for grapes 1 kg

But in addition to such global replenishments, you should not neglect the application of fertilizers throughout the entire growing season of the vineyard:

1. The first feeding is carried out in the spring after the bushes open. The following components are added to the recesses around the roots:

• nitrogen – 50 g;
• phosphorus – 40 g;
• potassium – 30 g.

The fertilizer is covered with a layer of soil on top. This set of fertilizers can be replaced with ready-made complex “Florovit”, “Solution” and other similar ones. They need to be dissolved in water according to the instructions. Watering and fertilizing grapes with such soluble fertilizers is carried out simultaneously.

2. The second fertilization of grapes in the spring is carried out at the end of May, one and a half to two weeks before the start of flowering. The most suitable organic matter for this period of plant development is:

• chicken manure, which is bred according to the scheme described above;
• cow manure (1 bucket), it is mixed with water (2 buckets) and allowed to ferment for 10 days.

Superphosphate (20 g) and potassium salt (15 g) per bucket are added to both litter and manure liquid solution. One to two buckets of prepared fertilizer are used per plant for watering. If there is no organic matter, then use mineral fertilizers dissolved in a bucket of water - nitrogen (40 g), phosphorus (50 g), potassium (30 g) per bush. Watering is required simultaneously with the application of fertilizers.

Chicken droppings for fertilizing grapes

3. The third feeding occurs at the end of June - beginning of July, when the grapes become the size of a pea. The same fertilizers for grapes are used as in the spring in the second case, but they are diluted with even more water. This stage is especially important, as it makes it possible to increase the amount of harvest, as well as lay the foundation for the formation of future bunches for the coming year.

4. The fourth application of nutrients occurs around the beginning of August, when the berries begin to ripen. For this period, it is important to feed the vineyard with potassium and phosphorus fertilizers, of which 50 g are taken per 1 plant. Wood ash can successfully replace potassium-containing microelements, but the application rate should be five times higher.

If, when transplanting a young vine onto its permanent place Since sufficient fertilizers have been provided for growth, there is no need to feed the plant for 2 years.

How to feed grapes outside the root system

You can fertilize a vineyard not only by the root method. A good addition to fully fertilizing a plant can be foliar nutrition, that is, nutrition through the green mass of the plant. The leaves absorb fertilizer well. This method will help strengthen the grapes, increase the yield and prepare the plant for the dormant period. The best thing foliar feeding combine with spraying the plant to prevent diseases, such as powdery mildew. Combine both solutions and treat the surface of the plants.

Complex fertilizer Plantafol

Foliar nutrition is carried out at certain times:

• fertilizing grapes in the spring before flowering;
• during the period as soon as fruits begin to set;
• the initial phase of bunch ripening;
• one and a half to two weeks after the grapes have softened.

Feeding is carried out using complex fertilizers, supplemented with zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, etc. You can use ready-made mixtures– “Novofert”, “Plantafol”, “Aquarin” and others.

Spraying is carried out only in calm, dry weather on a cloudy day, so that burns do not form on the leaves, since the sprayed liquid lingers on the surface of the leaves.

Features of feeding grapes in autumn, spring and summer

In order for plants to feed correctly, you should remember the basic rules:

• Nutrition of grapes with nitrogen fertilizers, replenishment cow dung and bird droppings are produced exclusively in spring and summer (1st half). Later, these fertilizers should not be included in the vineyard fertilizer, because this will lead to late maturation bunches, slow vine growth.
• If root feeding is not at the required depth, and the plants are watered often, but not enough, this can cause the appearance of roots that are located close to the surface of the earth. If the winter is frosty, the roots may die; in hot summer weather, the plant will not receive enough water.

• It is not recommended to apply nitrogen fertilizers to the surface in dry form, since a significant part of the substance will quickly evaporate. But this is not the only drawback of dry nutrition. Potassium and nitrogen fertilizers are also inactive, so their delivery to the root system is difficult.

The fertilizing plan is planned taking into account the condition of the plant, its age, parameters, how many clusters there are on the stems, what kind of soil the vineyard is growing on and other factors.

But two main stages of fertilizing are required - fertilizing the grapes in the spring before the flowers appear and fertilizing the grapes in the fall, after all the grapes are cut and the vine is prepared for shelter.

The use of mineral and organic fertilizers will help the plant to develop well and resist unfavorable conditions environment and delight with abundant harvests.

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