Top dressing of grapes – root and foliar. How to fertilize grapes to get a great harvest

Grapes are a valuable gift of nature to us people. Great taste and very healthy berry For many centuries it has brought us joy and health. To obtain a rich and high-quality grape harvest every year, it is necessary to ensure decent care behind a plant, one of necessary conditions which is periodic feeding with both mineral fertilizers and organic matter. In this article we will talk about what you can feed grapes in the spring.

Fertilizing grapes in the spring is the key to a good harvest in the fall, so this matter must be taken with full responsibility. The main goal of fertilizing grapes is to saturate the soil with the substances and microelements necessary for the growth and fruiting of the plant. Let's take a closer look:

Phosphorus is most important during the flowering period to produce more ovaries;
Zinc affects the yields of grape plants, the so-called yield stimulant;
Nitrogen is necessary for the formation of healthy shoots and leaves;
Boron is added to make the berries sweet;
Copper will protect the vine from drought and frost;
Potassium is added to accelerate fruit ripening.

We have decided on the beneficial substances for grapes, now we will figure out what fertilizers all this is contained in, when and how they are applied to the soil.

Fertilizers for feeding grapes in spring

Beginner winegrowers often have a question: “How to fertilize grapes?” For this, mineral fertilizers and organic matter are used. Of the latter, the following are very effective:

Manure is an indispensable product for grapes that can replace all existing fertilizers in the world combined. It contains absolutely everything necessary for the growth and fruiting of the plant;
Chicken droppings are wonderful folk way feeding, promoting the development of the vine. The composition is similar to manure, however, before applying it to the ground it must be diluted with water due to its high toxicity;
Compost is an excellent spring feeding, which is easy to prepare, and the grapes really like it;
Mulch - improves soil composition, air and water balance, saturates with all nutrients;
Green manure is equivalent to manure, restores the structure of the soil and nourishes with all the necessary elements;
Ash is very valuable organic fertilizer, which nourishes and heals grapes at the same time.

But for more complete feeding of the grapevine, mineral fertilizers are used in combination with organic substances. You need to be extremely careful when using chemicals - failure to comply with the ratios of the components can adversely affect the vineyard or even lead to its death.

When to fertilize in spring

The first fertilizing is done in April, when the grapes are still protected from the winter cold. The region where the vineyard grows should be taken into account - the further south the region, the earlier the fertilizer is applied.

The second falls in May, about two weeks before the vine begins to bloom.

The third feeding is when the grapes have reached the size of peas. At this time, the grapes most need additional nutrients ah for the ripening of fruits.

The fourth feeding is carried out when the berries begin to ripen.

The fertilizer is applied into special holes - grooves, which are made around the bushes with a diameter of 1 m and a depth of 40 cm. The solution is distributed evenly into these holes.

Organic feeding

It is good to feed grapes with slurry, which is prepared as follows: a bucket of manure is dissolved in 3 buckets of water and fermented for several days. Then the resulting solution is diluted again with water (1:10) and the plant is watered.

If there is no manure, you can use compost. It's easy to prepare on your own garden plot. To do this, select a place somewhere in the corner near the fence and put everything there organic waste(sawdust, grass, leaves, potato peelings, etc.) All this is sprinkled with a layer of earth on top, then another layer of plant and food waste, and so on until you get a pile of two meters high. Don't forget to water it with water. You can mix waste with lime.

Chicken manure is an excellent fertilizer not only for grapevines. Before use, it is diluted with water (1:2) and left for a couple of weeks. Water the bushes, diluting them a second time with water, only in a ratio of 1:5. One bush will require half a liter of the resulting fertilizer.

You can use wood ash or ash from sunflower seed shells. To do this, mix it with water 1:2 and stirring from time to time, leave for 2-3 days. Then filter and add three more parts of water. This solution will not easily feed young grapes, and when sprayed, it will also protect them from fungal diseases.

Feeding with minerals

In the spring, one-component mineral substances (superphosphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium salt and potassium chloride) and ready-made complex fertilizers (Kemira, Aquarin, Novofert, etc.) are used as fertilizers for the grapevine.

During the first feeding, the following mixture is used - dry potassium fertilizers 30 grams, superphosphate 40 grams and the same amount of nitrogen fertilizers are added to the holes where the grape bushes overwintered and sprinkled with earth. There are special preparations for feeding, for example “Solution”. It is diluted with water according to the instructions and added to the holes, after pouring a bucket of water into it. After applying the fertilizer, pour a bucket of water again.

For the second feeding, the following composition is suitable - 30 grams of potassium fertilizer. 40 - nitrogen and 50 - superphosphate are diluted with water. This fertilizer can be combined well with organic matter - a solution cow dung or chicken droppings, and if you use both together, then mineral fertilizers you can add 2 times less.

During the third feeding, complex fertilizers are used - 30 grams of fertilizer per bucket of water.

For the fourth time, the vine is “fed” exclusively with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Potassium “chemistry” can be replaced with ash.

Traditional nutrient solution They do this: to water one plant, take 5 grams of potassium salt, 10 grams of ammonium nitrate and 20 grams of superphosphate.

You will get the best effect if you alternate organic matter with mineral fertilizers.

Additional fertilizing of the vineyard

For additional feeding of grape bushes in the spring, a special trench half a meter deep and 0.8 meters wide is dug. The trench is located either in front of the grape rows or behind. 4 buckets of humus or manure are added to it, which is then mixed with soil, and humus is thrown on top again and the dug ditch is leveled with the remaining soil. This recharge is enough for several years.

Foliar feeding

An addition to spring root feeding of grape bushes is foliar feeding. Nutrients enter the plant not only through root system, and also through the leaves. Such fertilizing is carried out by spraying through a sprayer. For spraying, you can use a solution of urea (40 grams), citric acid (20 grams), boric acid (15 grams), ferrous sulfate (1 gram) in water (10 liters). Spray the plants before and after flowering.

If you are reluctant to prepare such a solution yourself foliar feeding, you can use ready-made preparations such as “Kemira”, etc. Each preparation is suitable for feeding in different periods plant growing season. A solution based on wood ash is perfect for spraying, as discussed above.

Fertilizing with iron sulfate is very important for grape bushes because it not only saturates the plants with the iron they need for growth, but also protects the plant’s buds from diseases during frosts.

It is advisable to carry out foliar feeding on a cloudy, windless day.

Feeding grapes when planting

Before planting grapes in the spring, a mixture of fertilizers prepared in a separate container must be added to the soil: 10 kg of rotted cow manure is mixed with 200 grams of superphosphate and 250 grams of wood ash. This proportion of components is calculated for 1 square. m.

Or here is another option for a nutrient mixture during planting: the hole for the grape bush is filled with peat - 30 kg or 20 kg of compost and rotted manure, 200-300 grams of superphosphate, 40 grams of potassium chloride, 100-150 grams of potassium fertilizer and a couple of kg of wood ash . In poor soil, it is recommended to increase the amount of manure applied to 3 buckets.

It is no secret that caring for grapes in summer and pruning them require special attention. And if the grapes are of hybrid origin or a variety with little-known data is planted on the site, then even more attention needs to be paid. In the world of viticulture fashion, every year breeders grow and offer the world more and more new varieties.

At each time of the year, the fruit vine has a certain approach to its person. It is necessary to pay attention in time to certain changes in growth and care. Pruning is needed to improve the high yield, presentation and excellent taste of the berries. Let's consider the points of caring for grapes in summer time.

Caring for grapes in summer

Every gardener can grow grape beds on their plots, but in order to get productive returns from this plant you need to have some knowledge and take into account the points in caring for it. This is a whole science that must be studied and put into practice to avoid errors in care.

With the onset of hot and midday sun, grapes require special attention. This is the main element of caring for grape bushes. With timely intervention, you can avoid many problems and get healthy, fruit-bearing grape bushes.

Let's consider the points of caring for grapevines:

For a high yield, annual pruning should be done;
Timely fertilization procedure;
Ten-day deep watering;
Preventive methods for processing grape beds;
Step-by-step stepsoning;
Shortening the crown using the embossing method.

In order for the grapes to look healthy and produce large, juicy bunches and have high taste, you need to pay attention to them and by the end of the season you can get the first results of your work. Beautiful, juicy and no less tasty berries.

When is it better to carry out certain procedures for caring for grapes in the summer? How not to miss important fact care? The best and most effective way is to break it up into months. In this way, everything will be completed on time and nothing will be missed or forgotten during the summer season.

What work to do in June

Caring for grapes in June is considered the most important event, since this month begins active growth grape bushes and their flowering. For healthy looking plants should be watered and the soil loosened. When watering, it is necessary to take into account that upper layer After this procedure, the soil is taken up as a crust, and the roots of the grape bushes require air for better growth.

But if there are early varieties of grape bushes on the site, with early ripening of grape berries, then in such cases folk remedies are used.

The first light feeding of the fruit vine begins with the use of watering at the root using folk remedies. And most often they use mullein infusions, chicken manure or infusions of plant origin.

What to do with grapes in July

Caring for grapes in July involves diligent work in the same direction: deep watering and loosening the soil to remove weeds. And also by mid-summer it is worth making basic plant feedings. Such actions contribute to the accumulation of nutrients for the growth, taste and color of grape bunches.

An important way is feeding fruit bushes using a variety of means.

Let's learn about some of them:

The simplest and least expensive method is to apply fertilizers using organic matter;
Mineral fertilizers are applied in combination with natural ones;
Potassium fertilizers are used when there is a shortage and if the summer is cold;

In the middle of summer, the grapes are given two feedings. This is sufficient nutrition for the vine. With frequent fertilization, the vine will begin to intensively grow green mass to the detriment of fruiting. And all your efforts will be in vain.

If necessary, do a second preventive treatment against diseases.

Also in July it is necessary to remove stepchildren. This procedure is necessary for nutrition and ripening of berries in formed grape shoots.

By the middle of the month, leaves should be removed from the lower part for better aeration of the lower tier of the vine. They block the access of light to the saturated bunches of grapes. Do not immediately expose the grapes and deprive them of all foliage. Excessive hair loss can cause stress on the grapevine, which will have a negative impact on the entire plant, right down to the berries.

Care in August

To continue caring for the grapes, the leaves are removed in August. This procedure is necessary to ensure that the bush is ventilated and receives even illumination, which will certainly affect the high yield of berries. The month of August is considered fruitful due to the great list of works:

The remaining lashes are tied up;
Remove dry and unnecessary leaves;
Remove low-quality bunches of grapes from later varieties;
They use the catarrh method to bring the root system into proper form;
Protection of ripened fruits occurs early varieties grapes;
The vine is removed using caulking.

With proper pruning of the vine and its formation, the future harvest of the grape industry depends.

How to care for grapes in summer so that they are good harvest interests every experienced winegrower and beginner. So that the grapevine gets stronger and turns into a highly productive bush and gives high yield and bountiful harvest you must follow all the above rules and good care You can get bunches of grapes already in the first year.

Grapevine pruning

The most important point care is the correct pruning not only in spring and autumn time, but also in the summer. Pruning is considered the most important agrotechnical technique, without which a vineyard cannot exist. And every winegrower should know how to prune grapes in the summer from unnecessary shoots, and also pay great attention to this procedure. The harvest and its quantity depend on this. At the right approach By this action you can avoid a huge number of mistakes, diseases and death of grapes.

In the summer, caring for the plant consists primarily of regularly inspecting the vine and tapping it (shortening the crown). This pruning method is considered the longest in time, but has benefits in improving the vine, early ripening and harvesting.

Most best option its application is considered to be the end of August. With early use of this procedure, you can easily grow the side shoots of the grapevine. With the help of late intervention, you can achieve the dissolution of overwintering buds in a warm winter.

When using this method of pruning, you should know that the grapevine should contain 12-17 leaves. It shouldn't be too long, it optimal length is 2 meters. When the stems grow in the summer, all foliage productivity will be directed toward the growth of green mass to the detriment of fruiting and ripening of the grape bunch. After all, the leaf blade is a storehouse and factory of nutrients for the fruit vine. When pruning, you should not get too carried away with this process. From the above it follows that everything should be in moderation and done within a seasonal period of time.

Let's look at some points that a novice winegrower needs to know.

It is worth caring for grape beds all seasons in a row and paying attention at every stage of this or that care.
Pruning the vines encourages new shoots to grow the following season, keeps the grape beds tidy and preserves nutrients for the next season.
Formed bushes are needed for successful and high-yielding cultivation of vineyards. The simplest one is used in the form of fragments of unnecessary side shoots. They pull all nutrients to the detriment of flowering and berry formation.
It is worth pruning grapes in the summer during the formation of fruits very carefully, assessing the unnecessary bunch on the entire vine. So as not to cut off the entire future harvest. With this method of pruning, the quality of the grape berries will improve and the shoots will be bountiful harvest and most importantly it will prevent and preserve the berries.

From the above, it should be noted that caring for and pruning grape beds has important and if they are followed correctly, large yields can be achieved.

From early spring to late autumn, grapes develop, fill with juices, throw out clusters of berries and ripen to bring us pleasure and enjoyment of the taste of wonderful fruits. But it also happens that tasty and high-quality grapes grow in bad conditions, without care, correct pruning, watering, fertilizer and insulation on winter period. To achieve a good and juicy harvest, you need to follow hundreds of rules, which are simply impossible to remember at once. That is why we will gradually remind you of how to properly care for the crop. To begin with, I would like to consider the year-round care calendar, which was compiled by specialists.

Grape care schedule

January

Prepare in advance all the necessary fertilizers for grapes: wood ash, compost, humus, as well as mineral fertilizers – “Novofert”, “Master” and others. Do not forget that in the spring it will be necessary to treat the plant with remedies for diseases and pests. During this period, the condition of the grape seedlings should be checked: if they are too dry, moisten them a little; if they are too wet, open them slightly and ventilate. If the weather in January is warm, you can prune uncovered varieties, and in cold weather, cover the already insulated vineyard with snow.

February

You can begin preparing for the warm season: clean the arches and tensions from the old vine, prepare tools and fertilizers, remember the shortcomings of last year and make every effort to avoid them again. IN room conditions you can start growing seedlings and check planting material in storage.

March

During this period, you should finish pruning uncovered varieties to avoid excessive sap flow. Start selecting new seedlings for planting, determine their location on your site. Such places should be carefully prepared.

April

Covering varieties should only be opened at the beginning of the month unless frost is expected. This applies only to shelters on loams and black soils: bushes covered with pine needles, sawdust or peat are opened until the eyes swell. Now you can add organic matter to the planting sites, carry out water-recharging watering of the grapes and apply liquid fertilizers. You should also spray with agents against pests and diseases (grapes in spring can be very weak against them). Processing should be carried out at a temperature not lower than +4–5 °C. In the second half of the month, when the temperature rises, you can garter. Sleeves should be tied obliquely, young shoots should be tied horizontally. At the same moment, you can begin to plant the stronger seedlings in the ground.

May

The beginning of May is the period when it is necessary to start green work. The first cutting of excess grape shoots is carried out immediately after bud break. Unnecessary buds should be removed from perennial parts of the grape bush, extra doubles and tees on fruit shoots, leaving only the most developed ones. The next cutting is carried out when the shoots reach a height of 15 cm, the third - when the shoots grow to 35–40 cm. Also in May, you need to remove all excess above-ground growth that has formed from the rhizome and begin with fungicides. If last year was “clean” from diseases and they are not expected now, you can skip the treatment.

Gradually continue tying up the shoots as they grow, transfer the shoots to the wire of the arch higher and higher, make even garters along the wire. Do not forget to remove stepsons on the shoots. 10 days before flowering, you can carry out another liquid feeding. During flowering, remove the top (2nd, 3rd, 4th) inflorescences to regulate the load on the grape bush.

Towards the end of May, weaker seedlings, green vegetative plants, can be planted in the ground in holes that have been prepared and fertilized in advance. At this stage, perhaps, we can finish spring care for grapes and move on to summer ones.

June

You can continue planting young and insufficiently mature seedlings. It is also necessary to pinch out the buds on vigorous shoots - this will give a certain bonus during pollination. Before flowering, it is necessary to fertilize with elements that enhance flowering and budding; complex mineral elements can be used. At this time, it is better to treat the grape bushes again with fungicides, since damage during the flowering period is the most dangerous. Continue gartering, pinching, and after flowering, apply foliar feeding. Try to remove extra bunches in order to normalize the harvest; extra bunches are not worth sparing at all. At the moment when the berries grow to the size of a cherry pit, spray with the following fungicides - Topaz and Ridomil Gold.

July

From the very beginning of the month, it is important to begin protecting the bushes from fungal diseases. For this purpose, systemic medications are used (in rainy weather - 2 times a month). An effective remedy Flint may perform. During the filling of berries, the grapes should be fed with special preparations containing potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen, For the best effect, apply foliar feeding with Novofert or Aquarin.

Don’t forget about feeding young seedlings that have recently been planted in open ground. Caring for young grapes is also important. For this process you will need mineral fertilizers (25 g per 10 liters of water). Pay attention to the growth of the grapes, tie them up and remove the shoots. At the end of the month, early varieties may begin to ripen.

August

Remember: Caring for grapes in the summer is very important, so try to follow all the rules, because the fruits are ripening right now and there is every chance of getting a good harvest.

At the beginning of the month, not forgetting about the constant green operations of gartering and removing stepchildren, feed the grapes with mineral fertilizers, and the newly growing, young grapes with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. Do not use nitrogen in either the first or second case. Now you can still water if you see that the plant needs moisture, but it must be stopped in the second half of August. If ripening is weak, you can again add fertilizing to the soil - Plantafol or potassium monophosphate. Also treat the grapes against pests and diseases, use “Quadris” (a drug that copes quite well with oidium and mildew). At this time, the time comes for the early varieties to ripen.

September

In September, the same work is carried out on medium-ripening grape varieties as on early-ripening grape varieties in August. Do not forget to regulate the overload of bushes by cutting off excess bunches(first of all, all the nutrients that enter the bush should go towards ripening the fruits and ripening the vine). Repeat phosphorus-potassium fertilizing. If diseases appear, treat the grapes with the drugs mentioned earlier.

October

The harvest is being completed. Immediately after this, if the bushes are affected by pests and diseases, they are again treated with drugs. At this time, strong seedlings from the school are being planted in the ground, and they are now taking root well. Young bushes should be covered with pine needles or peat. After harvesting, the necessary cuttings are cut from old bushes, and the covering vine is placed in an inclined state in the grooves. Excess vines, residual plant material, are dried and burned. Use this material cannot be put into compost to avoid possible infection. The soil between the rows is dug up. If the last months have been dry, watering should be done (40–60 liters of water for each bush).

November

Autumn grape care is no less important than summer care. During this period, you should thoroughly prepare for the winter, so as not to lose fruit-bearing bushes and young, rooted cuttings planted during the current season. Now you need to finish the work of pruning the covering varieties. Also, before the soil freezes, you should properly cover the bushes. For this, vines, pine needles, sawdust, peat, and soil are used that were previously bent and placed in grooves. Do not forget to do moisture-replenishing watering - without moisture, grapes do not winter well. Now that the covering work is completed and the vineyard is ready for winter, you can start cleaning and cleaning the arch, repairing and updating the tools.

December

In December, all grape care consists of the same basic criteria as in January: preparing fertilizers for the season, purchasing drugs and supplies, preparing the planting site, adjusting humidity, and so on.

According to experts, if you follow this calendar, try to fertilize and trim on time, closely monitor the growth of seedlings and generally provide proper care for the grapes, the harvest from each bush will be significant.

How to care for grapes: bush formation (video)

How to properly water a vineyard

Grapes are among those plants for which watering is formulated special schedule, that is, you cannot water the plant whenever you want if you want to get a harvest from a strong and “living” bush. For example, in industrial vineyards, watering is carried out up to nine times per season with an interval of 15 days between waterings. In home vineyards, watering should be carried out only at peak demand.

First watering carried out immediately after dry garter, it is recommended to combine it with fertilizing the soil with ammonium nitrate. At this point, the soil has not yet warmed up, and the plants may experience nitrogen starvation.

Second watering carried out after pruning, within 5–7 days.

Third watering It is advisable to carry out at the moment when the shoots grow to 25–30 cm. During the growth period, moisture is necessary. Feeding won't hurt either.

Fourth watering required before flowering (not at the beginning and not during flowering), otherwise without moisture the clusters will be sparse. Along with watering, we add microelements, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc salts and mag-boron.

Fifth watering occurs at a time when the berries of the clusters reach the size of a pea - due to timely watering, the berries will grow.

Sixth– softening of berries. Lack of moisture during this period can lead to a long delay in crop ripening. We feed the grapes with infusion of ash, superphosphate and potassium sulfate.

Seventh- after harvest. This irrigation requires the addition of superphosphate.

Subsequent Watering is carried out only if the last months have been dry.

It is necessary to observe not only the watering schedule, but also its correctness. On sandy soils, the procedure is carried out more often, but in small portions; on clay soils - abundantly, but less frequently. It is also necessary to remember the specifics of watering: you cannot pour water under the bush itself, especially if irrigation is carried out young grapes. Water pours into a groove that should be made around the bush, the distance from the bush is 30–45 cm, the depth is up to 20 cm. It is not recommended to water the vineyard by completely flooding the growing area - as a result, the air conditions may worsen. Too frequent watering is also not recommended: it washes out all the nutrients from the soil and causes the root system to rot, as a result of which the bush may die.

Fertilizer and feeding

Fertilizers are a very important component proper care for grapes of any variety, after all, without the right fertilizing, the vine will not be able to grow and gain juices, the color will be weak and begin to fall off, and the berries will no longer form normally and will be small and few in number. Therefore, in order to ensure stable and timely harvest, you should pay attention to entering the right fertilizers within the required time frame. These can be organic fertilizers - compost, manure, green fertilizers, as well as individual mineral fertilizers. Even before planting the seedlings, the soil must be well seasoned with all the beneficial substances that the plant will need for growth and fruiting.

How to feed young grapes

If young plants are placed in rich soil, they will only need feeding for the first few years. Liquid fertilizers are most suitable. This can be slurry or with water (1:3), ammonium nitrate (10 g per 10 l of water), urea (5–6 g per 10 l of water). The slurry must first be infused (for 10–15 days), then the solution is diluted approximately 5 times and applied in portions of 1 bucket per 1 plant for each bush. To improve the penetration of fertilizers into the soil, small holes or holes are made around the bush.

How to fertilize fruit-bearing grapes

The soil under the grapes is fertilized every three years(9–10 kg for each square meter landings). Potassium and phosphorus fertilizers can be used simultaneously with organic matter. In this case, it is better to apply manure in the fall, and compost in the spring. If the soil has been fertilized with organic matter since the fall, mineral fertilizers are not used in the spring. If not, then in the spring you need to add 50 g of ammonium nitrate, 80–100 g of wood ash and 100–120 g of superphosphate per square meter. It is best to apply fertilizer before the plants are opened.

IN summer period grapes are fed after they have bloomed and at the beginning of fruit ripening. Add 10 g of potassium salt, 25 g of superphosphate and 15 g of ammonium nitrate for each bush. At the beginning of ripening, saltpeter is not used. It would be best to add such fertilizers into special recesses made with a crowbar.

Grapes: planting and care (video)

To provide the soil with calcium, you need to add lime (up to 150 g) under each bush. If lime is added to the soil in the fall, then it should be deepened by 20–25 cm, but if in the spring, then by no more than 5–7 cm.

Grapes are a garden crop that everyone has. summer cottage or garden. But in order for the shrub to produce a good harvest every year, it must be properly cared for. Particular attention should be paid to feeding the vineyard. Experts have developed fertilizer application schemes that are adjusted depending on the zone in which the crop grows and the vineyard variety. Let's consider why fertilizing grapes is needed in general, and how to carry it out correctly.

Why fertilize grapes?

Caring for grapes does not consist only of covering the bush for the winter and cutting off unnecessary shoots. Like any other garden crop, a vineyard needs certain substances, which it ideally receives from the soil. If one or another component is missing, the plant begins to bear fruit poorly and become sick. Therefore, fertilizers should be applied that compensate for the lack of one or another element. But, at the same time, it should be remembered that an excess of even the most useful element can lead to the appearance of bush diseases. Therefore, all fertilizers should be applied in a certain sequence.

Many people ask why wildlife All plants grow well without fertilizing. In the wild, most of the crop falls to the ground, rotting there. It turns out that all the components that the bush took from the soil during the fruiting period are returned back. When shrubs are cultivated, the entire harvest is harvested. It is also worth noting the fact that in the wild the vineyard grows only on those soils that are suitable for it. When planting shrubs in the country, we don’t think about whether the soil has everything necessary for this plant or not.

For fertilizing to be effective, it must be done in certain time. In addition, each period corresponds to a specific fertilizer.

How to fertilize a vineyard

Before answering the question, you should understand what grapes need for normal growth and development. This shrub needs nitrogen, copper, potassium, phosphorus, zinc and boron. Accordingly, fertilizing grapes involves adding fertilizers to the soil that contain the above-mentioned microelements.

All fertilizers applied to grape bushes are divided into 2 groups:

basic;
additional or top dressing.

Basic fertilizers are usually applied no more than once every 24 months. An exception is made if the soil is excessively depleted. Additional fertilizers or, as they are more often called, fertilizing are applied several times a season in small quantities. We apply fertilizer in liquid form.

In addition to manure, which is used as a top dressing for all garden crops, we add peat, potassium, compost, potassium sulfate, bird droppings, phosphorus, saltpeter, nitrogen, etc. to the grape bushes.

Manure is the main fertilizer, which contains everything that is needed for the health of the grape bush. By and large, manure improves the quality of the soil and makes it more fertile. An alternative to manure is any organic matter. We add overripe manure to the soil, which contains the mineral elements necessary for the vineyard (phosphorus, for example).

Any mineral fertilizer can act as fertilizing. We give preference to fertilizers that contain several mineral elements. Ammophos, azophoska and nitroammophoska are effective.

In addition to mineral fertilizers, which contain several components, potassium chloride, phosphorus, potassium sulfate, nitrogen, potassium magnesia, ammonium nitrate, boric acid, granulated superphosphate, urea, ash.

Feeding calendar

In order for the bush to be healthy and produce a good harvest every year, it needs to be fed five times during the summer season.

1st feeding

In early spring we do the first fertilizing. As soon as the warm sun appears, we add a 3-component fertilizer to the soil, which is easy to make yourself. To feed one grape bush, dilute 20 g of superphosphate, 10 g of ammonium nitrate and 5 g of potassium salt in 10 liters of water. If you are preparing fertilizer for all the bushes at once, then use a measuring bucket when adding it to the soil. You should not add more substance to the soil than 10 liters.

The second option for the first fertilizing involves adding superphosphate (40 g), nitrogen (40 g) and potassium (30 g) fertilizers to the soil. IN in this case Fertilizers are applied in dry form. The weight of fertilizers is indicated per 1 bush.

At the same time, you can fertilize the bush liquid fertilizers. But make sure that they do not contain chlorine. It is important to properly fertilize the bush. First we make a hole near the bush. Then, into this hole we pour 10 liters of preheated (but not hot) water, fertilizers diluted in water, and water again. The drugs are diluted based on the manufacturer's recommendations. We wait until the soil dries. Then gently loosen it. Even during the first feeding, the bush is fertilized with ammonium sulfate.

This is the only feeding that occurs in the spring. All other grape feedings are carried out in the summer.

2nd feeding

The second time we fertilize the grape bushes 1.5-2 weeks before flowering. Depending on the climate zone, this may be the end of May or the beginning of June. If we talk about the Moscow region, for example, then we carry out the second feeding of grapes in early June. At this stage, you can use exactly the same 3-component liquid fertilizer as during the first feeding.

You can prepare liquid fertilizer from 40 g of nitrogen fertilizers, 40 g of potassium fertilizers, 50 g of superphosphates and 10 liters of water. At the same time, we add chicken droppings diluted in water or a slurry made from manure into the soil. For cooking liquid fertilizers manure and water are taken in a ratio of 1:2. After preparing the slurry, it is left for at least a week, and preferably 1.5, in a barrel. Accordingly, fermented fertilizer is used, having previously diluted it with water (ratio 1:6). Superphosphate and potassium fertilizers can be added to the resulting mixture (20 and 15 g per 10 liters of water, respectively). Before adding slurry to the soil, dig a ditch or hole near the bush. We add, on average, 1.5 buckets of slurry per bush.

3rd feeding

This grape feeding is carried out in July. Depending on climatic conditions, timing may vary. This feeding of grapes is done after flowering, just before the berries ripen, the size of which should correspond to the size of peas. At this stage, the shrub needs potassium fertilizer. We also add superphosphate to the soil. But nitrogen is not added during the third feeding. You can prepare complex fertilizers (as during the second feeding, for example).

If you carry out the third feeding of the vineyard in a timely manner, the yield will increase by at least 1.5 times. Will improve and appearance berries

4th feeding

As soon as the berries begin to ripen, and this will happen in the second half of August, you should fertilize the bushes for the fourth time. How to feed grapes during the period that falls at the end of July or beginning of August? Be sure to apply fertilizers that contain potassium (50 g per bush is enough). It would also be a good idea to add fertilizers that contain phosphorus. For 1 bush, 100 g of fertilizer is enough. Respectively, phosphate fertilizers We also add 50 g. Nitrogen fertilizers should be excluded at this stage.

5th feeding

The last time the shrub is fertilized is after harvesting. The best feeding at this stage – potash fertilizers. They will help the vineyard survive winter frosts.

Types of fertilizing

Regardless of whether fertilizing is done during the ripening of the berries or only at the stage of the appearance of the ovary, it can be carried out in different ways.

Root feeding

Root feeding of grapes assumes that fertilizers will be applied directly to the soil. It is aimed at strengthening the roots of the plant. As a matter of fact, the above-described feeding schedule is a root feeding scheme. Many limit themselves to adding nutrients to the soil, considering this a sufficient measure for the normal development of the shrub. However, this is a misconception. Root feeding alone is not enough.

Foliar or foliar feeding

Leaves are cared for through foliar feeding. At the same time, foliar feeding of grapes is no less important than root feeding. And you need to understand that it is not an alternative to root feeding. As a rule, it is performed simultaneously with spraying the bushes against diseases. As in the case of root feeding, experts recommend doing it 4 times. But, at the same time, the timing of fertilizer application is somewhat different.

The first foliar feeding of grapes is carried out before the bush blooms. We spray the plant a second time after the ovary has appeared. The third spraying occurs at the beginning of the ripening of the clusters, and the fourth is done after the berries have softened. You can treat the shrub with boric acid. But gardeners have differing opinions about the advisability of such an action. It is more expedient to prepare complex solutions with boric acid.

There are preparations on sale that can be used to spray vineyards on green leaves before the ovary appears and during fruiting. They are usually sold as a dry concentrate. Before use, they must be diluted with water according to the instructions. Some gardeners perform fertilizing on green leaves before the ovary appears, considering spraying of formed bunches inappropriate. But such feeding will not harm both before and during flowering. This is due to the fact that the leaves are treated with drugs that are harmless to the human body.

Non-basic fertilizing

In addition to the main five grape feedings, you can additionally apply fertilizers. So feeding grapes during flowering is done using folk remedies (the same ash, for example). If the vine does not ripen, then use monophosphate, which will solve this problem. And to speed up the ripening process of berries, they use preparations that contain phosphorus. You can also fertilize the bush with preparations that contain boric acid.

Also considered non-essential is feeding during planting of the cuttings. In addition to organic matter, superphosphate, wood ash, and potassium salt are placed in the prepared hole. This will allow the cutting to sprout quickly. A cutting planted in this way will grow quickly and produce a harvest in the second year. At correct landing For the first few years, you don’t need to worry about fertilizing at all. It is enough to add preparations that allow the berries to gain sugar and ripen faster (this should be done in the first months of summer), promoting the growth of young shoots. You can limit yourself to cultivating the vineyard according to the green leaf. But we use drugs that are intended for this method of processing.

Rules for performing fertilizing

Feeding grapes with fertilizers will give the desired result only if it is done correctly.

All necessary substances must be added to the soil in a timely manner.
It is advisable to water and fertilize grapes with liquid fertilizers at the same time. At the same time, you should not over-flood the soil.
Foliar feeding of shrubs is carried out in calm weather. It is better to spray the vineyard after sunset. In this case, you should carefully select the equipment for spraying. The smaller the size of the droplets falling on the leaves, the better the result of the procedure.
To achieve maximum effect from the procedure, root and foliar feeding should be carried out simultaneously.
Before depositing liquid solutions into the ground, you first need to make a hole. There are components, nitrogen, for example, that evaporate in air. Therefore, they must penetrate into the ground as quickly as possible. There is also a group of elements that are considered sedentary. Therefore, they may remain in the surface layers of the soil and not reach the root system of the bush.
You cannot fertilize grapes in July and August with nitrogen fertilizers. The same applies to chicken manure and mullein, used in the form of liquid solutions. Otherwise, the growth of the vine will be delayed, and the harvest will ripen quite late. But it is advisable to fertilize grapes in June with nitrogen fertilizers. In the spring, fertilize the soil with ammonium nitrate.
Choose high-quality fertilizer, both for root feeding of grapes and for foliar feeding. And remember that summer treatment is different from winter treatment. In the first case, you need to saturate the soil with elements that promote the growth of shoots and ripening of berries. When processing for the winter, you need to strengthen the roots.
Hang the grape feeding diagram in the most visible place, and mark all the actions performed. This will help you not miss a single spray. The calendar for processing shrubs and trees is practically the same. Therefore, you can create a single schedule for the entire garden, with a field for notes.

Important points

It is worth adding various microelements to the soil not only in summer, but throughout the year. It is very important to choose the right seedlings. For example, varieties such as Isabella and virgin grapes grow well on any soil. There are varieties that are demanding on the soil, and if there is a lack of certain microelements, they grow extremely poorly.

The packaging of each fertilizer indicates in what month, or at what stage of development of the bush it is advisable to use it. Do not deviate from these recommendations, and do not forget to enrich the soil with microelements after harvesting.

Watering is done after applying dry fertilizers to the roots. If we are talking about treating green leaves with liquid preparations, then the bush should be watered after it has absorbed all the useful components from the solution used.

Conclusion

Care for any horticultural crops involves the application of fertilizers. It is necessary to fertilize the soil several times per season. Special attention young seedlings require. In addition to root dressings, foliar fertilizers should be applied. Be sure to fertilize the soil with mullein. In addition to using the fertilizers described above, you can use folk remedies. So, for example, grapes can be fed with ash or yeast. You can sprinkle the bushes with dry ash, or you can dilute it in water.

It is worth noting that many folk remedies, and ash is no exception, help protect the vineyard from various diseases. But none folk remedy will not be as effective as mineral and organic fertilizers.

If fertilizers were immediately applied to the soil when planting grape seedlings, fertilizing the grapes will not be required in the next three or four years. For good fruiting, mature bushes require certain microelements, which even in fertile soil are not always sufficient.

In the photo there are grapes

Grape plants develop and bear fruit best in soil rich in nutrients. But over time, the content of useful microelements in the soil steadily decreases, and without fertilization, the soil becomes depleted. In such conditions, grape yields noticeably deteriorate, the bushes grow poorly, suffering from drought and frost.

It would seem that it is enough to feed the grape bushes several times a season complex fertilizers, and the plants will come to life again. However, in grapes, the need for different nutrients varies depending on the phase of the growing season. And if you want to succeed in viticulture, you should definitely understand how certain microelements affect grapes, at what time plants need them especially, and how they should be added to the soil.

Video about proper feeding and fertilizer for grapes

Nutrients needed by grapes:

Nitrogen. Responsible for the growth of green mass (leaves and shoots), therefore the bulk of nitrogen fertilizers are applied in the spring, at the very beginning of the grape growing season. In summer, the need for nitrogen decreases, but from August, nitrogen fertilizers become harmful to grape bushes, since untimely rapid growth of greenery will prevent the ripening of wood. Added in the form of urea or ammonium nitrate.
Phosphorus. The vineyard needs it most at the very beginning of flowering: thanks to phosphorus fertilizing (superphosphate), inflorescences develop better, berries set and grapes ripen.
Potassium. Closer to autumn, it is very useful to feed the vineyard with potassium chloride, as it accelerates ripening grape vines and fruits, and also prepares plants well for winter.
Copper. Helps increase frost and drought resistance of shoots, enhances their growth.
Bor. Application boric acid into the soil helps increase the sugar content of grapes and speed up their ripening. In addition, boron stimulates pollen germination.
Zinc. Thanks to this microelement, grape yields significantly increase.

The photo shows phosphorus fertilizer

Calcium, magnesium, sulfur and iron are also useful for grapes, but these elements are usually found in sufficient quantities in the soil. It is not necessary to additionally feed the vineyard with them.

You can feed grapes with one-component mineral fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, potassium salt, potassium chloride, superphosphate, etc.), fertilizers containing two or three elements (nitrophoska, ammophos), or complex ones (Kemira, Florovit, Rastvorin, Novofert, Aquarin).

But mineral fertilizers alone will not be enough: grapes need manure to fully utilize the incoming nutrients. The addition of manure improves the aeration and water permeability of the soil, and also stimulates the development in the soil of microorganisms that grape roots need for the best absorption of microelements. In addition, rotted manure provides the vineyard with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other useful substances.

Instead of manure, you can use compost as an effective and affordable remedy for any gardener. Food waste, tops, grass clippings, sawdust, bird droppings and pet manure are suitable for preparing compost. wood ash, chopped branches and other organic waste. Ready compost is rich in useful substances no less than manure.

Photo of mineral fertilizers

Another valuable organic fertilizer is bird droppings. It also contains the most important elements for grapes in a highly digestible form. A week and a half before use, bird droppings are diluted with water in a ratio of 1:4, and before direct application to the ground, an infusion is made, diluting with water another 10 times. Half a liter of infusion is consumed per grape bush.

Well, instead of potassium chloride, which can harm the vineyard due to its high chlorine content, it is better to use ash. It will provide the grape bushes with a supply of not only potassium, but also phosphorus. The most useful is the ash from.

To feed the root system of grapes, you should dig grooves about 40 cm deep around each bush at a distance of at least 50 cm from the trunk. Through such grooves, the main roots of plants absorb much more efficiently. useful material, especially if you combine fertilizing with watering the grapes.

In the photo feeding grapes

When to apply fertilizer:

in the spring, before opening the bushes after wintering, superphosphate (20 g), ammonium nitrate (10 g) and potassium salt (5 g) are dissolved in 10 liters of water - this portion is enough to water one grape bush;
a couple of weeks before the grapes begin to bloom, they are fed with the same aqueous solution;
before the grapes ripen, the soil in the vineyard is fertilized with superphosphate and potassium fertilizers (nitrogen is not added);
After harvesting the fruits, the grapes are fed with potassium fertilizers to increase the winter hardiness of the plants.

During spring feeding You can use slurry instead of mineral fertilizers: 1 kg of solution is consumed per square meter of planting.

Once every three years in the autumn months, the vineyard should be fertilized with manure with the addition of ash, superphosphate and ammonium sulfate. Fertilizer is distributed over the surface of the earth, after which deep digging is done. If, on a plot of soil of sandy loam type, it is worth applying fertilizers for digging every other year, then on sandy soil - annually.

Foliar feeding of grapes for a better harvest

Through grape leaves, beneficial substances dissolved in water are remarkably absorbed. Therefore, in addition to the usual root feeding, it is advisable to also carry out foliar feeding - along the leaves. This will help the plants develop better, produce maximum yield and tolerate winter frosts well.

Regardless of the fertilization of the root system, the grape foliage is sprayed for the first time with a solution of microelements before the flowers appear to prevent their shedding and to increase the ovaries, the second time - after flowering, the third time - when the grapes ripen. During the last two sprayings, nitrogen fertilizers are excluded from the feeding composition.

Video about fertilizing grapes

For foliar feeding, you can use solutions of micro- or macrofertilizers, which are easily found on sale in large assortment. An aqueous infusion of ash mixed with a fermented herbal infusion of herbs is also suitable.

Foliage should be sprayed on windless days in the morning or evening, or during the daytime in cloudy weather, so that the plants do not get sunburned, since the solution remains on the leaves in the form of small droplets. For better absorption of microelements, you can add 3 tablespoons to the nutrient solution. Sahara.