Planting peppers in open ground. Preparing pepper seedlings for planting in open ground

Planting pepper in open ground - the most important step on the way to a rich harvest of this crop. Mistakes made by a beginner at this stage can ruin all efforts to grow high-quality seedlings. In this article I will tell you in detail and in simple words how to plant peppers in open ground with minimal effort on your part and as comfortable as possible for the plants themselves.

Preparing pepper seedlings for planting in open ground

When grown on a windowsill, pepper plants need additional lighting.

About a week before the planned planting, pepper seedlings begin to be “walked”, taking the plants to Fresh air. At first, walks should be short, 15-20 minutes, but each time their duration increases by 50%. At a temperature not lower than +14...15 degrees, the plants will harden well and will better tolerate transplanting to an open garden bed.

How to choose a place for pepper

If there is no space in the garden, then peppers can also be grown in bags filled with nutritious soil.

The pepper bed is placed in an area with moderately fertile, light soil with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction. This culture does not grow well in places with close groundwater- then she better take it high warm bed. Read about how to build such a bed.

Pepper just hates shadows. Therefore, plants must be exposed to the sun all day, otherwise their development will slow down and the harvest will be very meager.

Another important condition when choosing a site for this crop is that it must be reliably protected from the wind.

To do this, at some distance from the garden bed, you can make a partition or arrange a fence from any available materials. Alternatively, around the plantings, at a distance of 70-100 centimeters, you can place 1-2 rows of trailing plants - beans, corn, sunflower, Jerusalem artichoke, chard. Plants are a must sown or planted seedlings in advance, 2-3 weeks before planting the pepper itself. If you plan to keep the bed covered with film all season, then you do not need to build any additional protective barriers.

Legumes, onions, beans, pumpkin, squash, zucchini, root vegetables and cabbage- here is the list the most successful predecessors for pepper. I do not recommend planting peppers after any nightshades, for example, potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants, or after any types of peppers. You need to wait at least 3-4 years before placing pepper in such a place.

Preparing a bed for peppers

It is better to remove the first (crown) flower of a pepper seedling. This will significantly increase the branching of the bush and yield.

Any soil can be improved and made suitable for planting peppers by adding various organic materials:

in the case of medium loamy soil- this is peat and well-decomposed manure, one bucket per square meter beds, as well as half a bucket of old sawdust per square meter;
in the case of clayey, heavy soil- this is peat or well-decomposed manure at the rate of a bucket per square meter plus coarse sand (or semi-rotted sawdust) at the rate of 1 bucket per square meter;
in case of peat soil - this is humus and turf (or clay) soil, one bucket of each type of soil per square meter;
in case of sandy soil- these are 2 buckets of humus (garden compost), 2 buckets of peat and clay soil and 1 bucket of rotten sawdust;
in all cases, it is recommended to add one tablespoon of superphosphate and potassium sulfate into the soil (this is done in the fall), as well as one teaspoon of urea or nitroammophoska (in the spring) per square meter of bed; for convenience, “mineral water” is mixed with organic matter;
if you do not use mineral fertilizers on the site at all, then simply add wood ash to the soil at a rate of 1 cup per square meter of bed (this is best done in the spring)

To determine the mechanical composition of the soil in your area, perform a simple test. You will find its description in.

When preparing the soil for this crop, consider the following:

It is advisable to fertilize the soil for pepper in the fall, but it is permissible to postpone this work until spring;
if you have light loam on your site, then you only need to fill the soil in the pepper bed with compost or humus at the rate of 1 bucket per square meter of its area;
the bed for this crop cannot be filled with fresh manure, otherwise the plants will produce a lot of greenery, but few fruits.

Planting peppers in the garden

Spring soil preparation for planting peppers is in full swing)

In central Russia, peppers are planted in open ground no earlier than the last ten days of May, and if the spring is prolonged, it is better to postpone this work to the beginning of summer.

By the time of planting, pepper seedlings should have 7-9 well-developed leaves, as well as short, strong internodes and several formed flowers. Early ripening varieties can be planted even with an ovary.

On the eve of disembarkation permanent place Seasoned pepper bushes are watered generously to prevent them from becoming lethargic. Otherwise, they will be stunted and will lose their first buds.

Planting sweet peppers in open ground is carried out in 9 simple steps:

Carefully prepare the soil in the garden bed loosen And level out. When growing pepper in two rows, its width should be 90-100 meters, and when planting in three rows, the width of the bed is increased to 120 centimeters. It is also highly desirable that the bed be extended in the direction from north to south.
A distance of 50 to 60 centimeters is left between the rows, and 40-45 centimeters between individual planting holes. It is better to place the holes in a checkerboard pattern. More dense planting pattern 20-25 x 50 centimeters leads to a decrease in fruit size, but increases their number.
The holes are filled with 200-300 grams of vermicompost (humus, compost), add 1 tablespoon of ash and the same amount of crushed eggshells, and also pour in 1-2 liters of a light pink solution of potassium permanganate.
Arcs are installed over the bed, and to prevent the film from sagging, twine is pulled between the arcs on both sides.
Seedlings are planted in the afternoon or in cloudy weather at any time of the day.
Pepper bushes are planted at the same level at which they grew in pots (permissible depth is no more than two centimeters). In this case, tall varieties are placed in the central row, and low-growing and dwarf varieties are placed along the edge of the bed.
When planting, pegs 50-60 centimeters high are attached to each plant for further garter. After this, the roots of the plants are covered and pressed with hands around the stems for better contact with the soil.
The soil in the bed with planted seedlings is mulched with peat or dry soil. This is an optional, but highly desirable technique.
Throw a film over the arcs. If the weather is cool, then the plantings are additionally insulated with lutrasil or any other non-woven material.

You can reduce the need for watering, weeding and loosening by planting pepper seedlings directly into black film or non-woven covering material. To do this, the soil in the garden bed is fertilized, moistened, mulched with peat and covered with film or non-woven fabric. Pepper plants are planted according to a pattern of 40-45 x 50-60 centimeters in cross-shaped holes made in the selected material.

Caring for peppers after planting in the ground

This pepper clearly doesn't want to be eaten))).

During dry and hot periods, watering is carried out on a daily basis.. During this period, the soil between the rows must be loosened, but with great care, to a depth of no more than 3-5 centimeters. This allows you to avoid any damage to the roots of the plants until they finally take root.

As long as the temperature at night does not exceed +16 degrees, the peppers should be under film cover. In the daytime, if the air under the film warms up above +28 degrees, it is opened slightly or even completely removed.

But if, according to the forecast, return frosts are expected - this sometimes happens in early June - the soil in the bed with planted seedlings needs to be shed with water at a temperature of +35-38 degrees. Then, in addition to the film, throw a thick non-woven fabric on top and your plants will be reliably protected from the cold.

One of the most common problems that a novice gardener faces when growing peppers is when the plants begin to shed their ovaries en masse. The main reason for such trouble is faults in maintenance and weather surprises, which are especially dangerous on open garden bed. To more fully understand what exactly caused the ovary to fall off in your situation, I suggest reading.

We filmed it for you short video, in which they shared their experience of growing pepper seedlings and planting them in open ground.

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WHEN AND HOW TO PLANT PEPPER SEEDLINGS IN OPEN GROUND

Created March 30, 2014

Planting pepper seedlings in open ground is a very important point, so you need to approach it as responsibly as possible. The future fate of the plants depends on how successful the planting of seedlings in the ground is: whether they will take root in a new place or not, whether they will get sick, how they will adapt to new living conditions, whether they will produce a good harvest. You have been preparing for this moment for several months, wasting energy and time on , , . Halfway there already. All that remains is to plant the seedlings in open ground and provide them with proper care and wait for the treasured pepper to ripen.

WHEN SHOULD I PLANT PEPPER SEEDLINGS IN THE GROUND?

By the time of planting in the ground, pepper seedlings should have 8 - 12 leaves. Pepper seedlings can be planted in the ground at the stage of formation of the first buds.

By the time of planting, the average daily temperature should be 15 - 17°C. The threat of spring frosts should have passed by this time. The soil temperature at the planting depth should be at least 10 - 12°C. Planting seedlings in open ground too early is dangerous because at low soil temperatures, the growth and development of plants is inhibited and the likelihood of diseases increases. In addition, peppers do not tolerate frost well.

Pepper seedlings intended for growing in a greenhouse are planted in the ground from May 1 to May 15. Pepper seedlings are planted in open ground on May 10 - 30, and the seedlings must be covered with film.

SELECTION OF A SITE FOR GROWING PEPPERS

When choosing a plot for pepper in your garden, please note that pepper cannot be planted in the place where it grew the previous year, or where potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants, physalis, and tobacco used to grow. It is better to opt for an area where cucumbers, cabbage, legumes, etc. grew last year. pumpkin crops, root vegetables, greens.

The area for peppers should be well lit, protected from the wind, cleared of weeds, the soil on it should be sufficiently fertile, drain well and retain moisture.

PREPARING THE SOIL FOR PLANTING PEPPER SEEDLINGS

If the soil on the siteloamy, before planting pepper seedlings, they need to be fertilized. At 1 m2 soil, add 1 bucket of well-rotted manure and peat, as well as half a bucket of half-rotted sawdust.

If the soil in the gardenclayeyand dense, except for humus and peat per 1 m2 additionally add 1 bucket of coarse sand and 1 bucket of half-rotted sawdust.

For the preparation of peatplot for pepper seedlings per 1 m2 Add 1 bucket of humus and 1 bucket of turf soil (clay soil is possible).

For fertilizer sandy beds per 1 m 2 soil you need to add 2 buckets of peat and clay soil, 2 buckets of humus and 1 bucket of sawdust.

A week before planting pepper seedlings, the garden, seasoned with fertilizers, is watered abundantly.

PLANTING PEPPER SEEDLINGS IN OPEN GROUND

The most favorable time for planting pepper seedlings in the ground is the second half of a cloudy day or a warm evening.

Before planting seedlings, it is necessary to mark the ridges and prepare the holes. The planting pattern of pepper largely depends on the irrigation method and the height of the variety.

Low growing varieties peppers are planted at a distance of 30 - 40 cm from each other,tall- at a distance of 60 cm. The distance between the beds should be about 60 cm.

Pepper can be grown in a square-cluster method, planting seedlings at the same distance of 60x60 cm and placing 2 plants in each hole at once.

When growing pepperson drip irrigation seedlings are planted belt method according to patterns 90+50x35-45 cm or 70+70x35-45 cm.

Hole depthshould be slightly larger than the height of the seedling cup or pot.

Sweet and hot pepperplanted on different beds away from each other because they can cross-pollinate, causing the sweet pepper fruit to become bitter. Hot peppers planted more densely: the distance between plants in a row is 25 cm, row spacing is 45 - 50 cm.

Instructions for planting pepper seedlings:

Before planting, water the pepper seedlings. To protect against pests, especially aphids, spray the seedlings with Strela solution (50 g of powder per 10 liters of water). Removing seedlings from pots or cups must be done very carefully, trying not to disturb the earthen ball.
Add a handful of rotted compost, half a handful of ash and half a teaspoon of superphosphate to each hole, then fill to the brim warm water. When the water is absorbed, immerse the pepper seedling pulled out of the seedling pot into the hole. Pepper does not like deep burial, so seedlings are planted in the ground at the level of the top root. You cannot fill up the root collar, otherwise blackleg and other diseases may develop.
Holding the pepper with your hand, fill the hole with water again. Water must be poured onto the walls of the hole so that the washed soil envelops the earthen ball of the seedling.
Fill the hole with soil, compact the soil a little and mulch with peat.
For further gartering, place a peg about 60 cm high near each plant.
After planting pepper seedlings in the ground, the bed should be covered with film. To do this, make wire arcs at a height of 120 cm and throw covering material over them. When the seedlings take root and the weather is warm outside, the shelter will need to be removed.

In the first 8 - 10 days after planting the seedlings in the ground, the pepper looks sluggish, painful and practically does not grow. This is due to the fact that during the transplanting process, no matter how hard you try, the root system of the pepper is still slightly damaged. Getting into new environment habitat, the plant experiences stress. Peppers need some time to adapt to new conditions.

After planting pepper seedlings in the ground, it is very important not to overdo it with watering, as fragile roots may rot. If possible, for the first time after planting, it is advisable to monitor the condition of the seedlings daily and slightly moisten the soil in the area of the stem (100 - 150 ml of water per plant every day).First real watering carried out no earlier than a week after planting the seedlings in the ground.

To help pepper seedlings take root faster, you can slightly loosen the soil in the root zone. Thissurface loosening provides additional oxygen flow and helps plants adapt faster.

To obtain great harvest sweet pepper, you should first properly grow strong seedlings at home. The procedure for growing the crop is in many ways similar to eggplants and partly tomatoes, but there are also fundamental differences. Pepper reacts sharply to temperature fluctuations (sharp drops) and unsuccessful transplantation (picking), due to which its level of vitality sharply decreases and it slows down in growth.

Therefore, before you start sowing pepper seeds for seedlings, you need to familiarize yourself with the main features and rules of its cultivation. Next, you will find detailed step-by-step instructions for preparing and directly planting pepper seeds for seedlings at home, as well as useful photo and video materials.

Note! The site already has several detailed review articles about the most popular and the best varieties sweet pepper, which will definitely help you make your choice:

How to plant pepper seedlings correctly

It is very important to plant pepper seedlings correctly, and first choose optimal timing for sowing, prepare and process the planting material itself, soil and containers. And, of course, sow the seeds themselves to the required depth.

When to sow seeds: optimal sowing dates

Note! The site already has a detailed article about, including favorable days for planting in 2019, according to the lunar calendar.

How to prepare seeds for planting

Note! More full information on the preparation and processing of pepper seeds before sowing seedlings you will find .

To produce the correct and effective landing pepper seeds for seedlings, it is important to carry out preliminary preparation of the seeds. This procedure will help to disinfect the planting material, as well as activate its vitality in a shorter time.

Note! The shelf life of pepper seeds should not exceed 3 years. Further germination decreases significantly.

Important! On sale you can find pelleted (granulated) pepper seeds. Such planting material does not require any preparation; it is already processed and covered with a special nutritious shell. It must be sown dry so as not to wash off the protective film.

Technology for preparing pepper seeds for sowing:

disinfection (etching) in a pink solution of potassium permanganate (this is a very weak remedy), much better in a solution (Alirin, Gamair are also suitable) for 20-30 minutes (in gauze), followed by rinsing under running water;

soaking in a growth stimulant, e.g. in “Epin” or “Zircon” (according to instructions) in order to enhance growth processes;

As an option, you can use an infusion of ash (1 tablespoon per 500 ml of water, let stand for 2 days), in which you need to soak the seeds, wrapped in a gauze bag, for 4-5 hours.

germination (soaking) seeds in water(you can add a growth stimulator) for their swelling and subsequent awakening (germination).

If you simply immerse the seeds in water, there will be no effect, because they require oxygen to awaken. That's why the seeds need to be soaked in a damp cloth (namely a cloth or cotton pads, they can grow roots into gauze) so that the seeds have access to both moisture and air), For example, putting it on a saucer and covering it on top plastic bag(cling film) so that moisture does not evaporate quickly, in other words, create a greenhouse effect.

Wherein optimal temperature seed germination pepper - + 23-28 degrees. Therefore, the saucer with soaked seeds should be put in a warm place, for example, on Kitchen Cabinet 2-3 days before germination.

Which substrate to choose

So that the seedlings have all the necessary components for growth and development on initial stage, you should select a special soil.

The soil mixture itself should be loose, light and nutritious, and its acidity should be close to neutral.

If the gardener does not have the opportunity to prepare it himself, the problem can be solved by purchasing ready soil for growing pepper seedlings(which generally works for eggplants and tomatoes too).

If desired, the necessary You can prepare the soil mixture yourself by combining and mixing the following components:

garden (garden) soil;
peat;
perlite, coconut substrate or river sand.

Important! Experts do not recommend adding humus or mineral fertilizers to the soil mixture at the stage of sowing seeds for seedlings, as this can lead to intensive growth of the above-ground part with further lodging of the seedlings.

Some gardeners initially sow sprouted seeds in pure coconut substrate (without soil), to later be replanted in pots with soil, although again you can mix the soil with coconut. But the method is very risky, it’s better to just experiment with it first.

Advice! Before sowing pepper seeds, the right decision will hold preliminary disinfection of the soil. For example, it can be heated in the oven or microwave. Or pour a bright pink solution of potassium permanganate, the drug or Previkur (according to the instructions).

Video: land for seedlings of peppers, eggplants and tomatoes

Choosing a container for planting

Each gardener decides for himself which container to use for planting crops.

Naturally, if you are going to grow with picking, then it is initially logical to sow in a common container (wooden box, plastic container), and then pick into individual containers. Although initially you can sow in small (0.1-0.2 liters) personal cups (pots or cassettes).

If without picking, then, of course, immediately into separate sufficiently large containers (from 0.5 liters).

Important! The main requirement for a landing container is that it must have drainage holes.

Alternatively, you can also (additionally) add a drainage layer of expanded clay or fine gravel.

To understand the advantages and disadvantages of one or another landing container, it is worth considering several options.

Plastic cups

The most popular and convenient container for growing pepper seedlings and other crops.

For landing and further picking, you need plastic cups volume from 100 to 500 ml.

Advantages: reusable use, removal of seedlings without damaging the roots, low price.

Disadvantages: lack of drainage holes, the need for an additional pallet, instability, inconvenience during transportation.

Wooden box

The advantage of this container is that it is durable and can be made independently, saving the family budget. In addition, no additional equipment is required when transporting seedlings.

Disadvantage wooden box is that when filled it has a lot of weight, and when further transplantation It is almost impossible to pull seedlings into the ground without damaging the root system.

Therefore, boxes, as a rule, are used only for the initial sowing of seeds, and later individual containers are used for picking.

Plastic cassettes

Cassettes are plastic cells connected to each other. Now they are offered for sale in a very wide range, which allows you to choose containers different sizes complete with tray and transparent lid.

As a rule, plastic cassettes are used for picking, but, in theory, initial sowing can be done in them.

The advantage of using them is that they are already equipped drainage holes, are easily cut with scissors into individual specimens, and are also light in weight and allow you to easily remove seedlings from the cell (during transshipment and planting in the ground).

The disadvantages of the structures include fragility and relative inconvenience during further transportation of seedlings.

Peat cups (pots)

They are round containers made of environmental material(peat and cardboard, ideally 70% and 30%).

Ideal for picking.

The main advantage is that they dissolve in soil And additionally nourish the plants, in this case, the root system is not damaged. In other words, seedlings are planted without taking them out, but together with the pot burying it in the ground.

The main disadvantages of these landing tanks are that they are very moisture evaporates quickly, Therefore, regular and frequent watering is very important. However, because of this they often grow moldy(due to overflow). Besides, peat cups have a relatively high cost.

By the way! There are also peat cassettes.

Peat tablets

They are compressed peat, which is placed in a thin shell. Before sowing seeds for seedlings, you need to first soak the tablets in water for about 10 minutes.

The tablets are easy to use and stimulate the development of a strong root system, as they have a balanced nutritional composition. Disadvantages include rapid evaporation of moisture, the need for an additional tray and high price.

By the way! IN Lately became It is popular to plant in snails. Indeed, this is convenient, but peppers do not tolerate picking well, and this method causes quite severe damage to the roots when picking. Therefore, it is better to leave it for tomatoes, for which replanting is not at all scary.

Planting scheme

When sowing sweet pepper seeds, you should understand that over time the seedlings will need more space, so initially they should be planted with a distance so that they can fully develop before picking without interfering with each other.

Important! If plantings are dense, the risk of developing diseases increases; seedlings will stretch excessively and develop poorly due to lack of light and nutrition.

Seeds bell pepper It is recommended to plant in rows at a distance of 1.5-2 cm from each other and with a row spacing of 3-4 cm. The more free space each seedling has, the longer it will be able to fully develop without picking. Such optimal technology sowing will contribute to the normal growth of seedlings in the future.

Think! Some gardeners believe that It’s better to grow peppers without picking at all, in other words, the seeds should be planted immediately in separate pots or at a greater distance (3-5 cm from each other, 4-6 cm in a row).

Video: growing peppers without picking

Direct landing

Step-by-step instruction sowing sweet pepper seeds for seedlings:

Pour the prepared soil into the container.
Water warm water and allow moisture to be absorbed and the soil to settle.
Make rows 1 cm deep with permissible row spacing.

By the way! Some people plant peppers at a depth of 1.5 cm, but the recommended depth is 1 cm.

Spread the seeds while maintaining distance.

Sprinkle with soil and moisten the surface with a spray bottle.
Cover the container with a transparent lid or cover it with a plastic bag (film) to create a greenhouse effect.
Place in a dark and warm place until shoots emerge. temperature +25-27 degrees, for example, on a kitchen cabinet.

Video: sowing pepper seeds for seedlings

And the next video shows even more detailed process sowing sweet pepper seeds for seedlings:

Caring for pepper seedlings after sowing

In order to eventually grow full-fledged and strong seedlings, you should familiarize yourself with the basic rules for caring for and growing peppers at home.

Temperature and light conditions

In the future, for stable growth of the above-ground part without compromising the development of the root system the air temperature during the day should be between +22-26 degrees, and at night - +16-18 degrees. Optimal soil temperature - +19-21 degrees.

Pepper is a short-day plant.

Therefore, in order for the seedlings to fully develop, Daylight hours should be only about 9-10 hours(and for late varieties even less).

Because sowing seedlings occurs quite early, then, of course, it is optimal to place the seedlings on the southern window sill, but a western or eastern window (or even better, a southwestern or southeastern window) is also suitable.

However, if your windows face north or you often have cloudy weather, then you can’t do without supplementary lighting of the seedlings.

Watering

Water pepper seedlings at home should only be when the top layer of soil dries out, avoiding overwatering and drying out of the soil (especially withering of plants).

Important! Water for watering pepper seedlings should be settled and warm (+25-30 degrees) or at least room temperature.

Picking

Pepper does not tolerate any damage to the roots and takes a long time to recover after transplantation, so picking should be done very carefully.

How to care for seedlings after picking

Further care for pepper seedlings it is similar: you need to maintain temperature and light conditions, as well as water on time and, if necessary, start fertilizing.

Top dressing

Fertilizing is an important element of caring for pepper seedlings at home. However, if you initially used nutrient soil, then, as a rule, you can do without additional fertilizer. But, if the appearance of the seedlings causes concern, then fertilizing is simply necessary; it will help the plant develop normally.

By the way! If your young plants need additional nutrition, then all the information about feeding pepper seedlings you will find .

Preparation for planting in the ground - hardening

Since seedlings are grown at home, before planting seedlings in open ground, they should first be adapted to more harsh conditions external environment (for example, to sudden temperature changes, direct sun rays) so that after the transplant she does not find herself in a severe stressful situation.

To do this, 2 weeks before planting the seedlings in a permanent place, in open ground, you should begin preparing them, in other words, hardening them, gradually moving the seedling containers to the balcony or greenhouse.

When and how to plant pepper seedlings in open ground: optimal timing

Pepper seedlings should be planted in a permanent place only when minute threat of return frosts, and the air temperature will not be lower than +15 degrees, regardless of the time of day. Wherein the soil should warm up to at least +10, or better yet +12-15 degrees.

Regarding the requirements for appearance, then the pepper seedlings at the time of planting should be strong, with a well-developed root system and have 8-12 true leaves. Besides, early varieties should have clearly visible first formed buds.

Thus, approximate dates planting pepper in the ground in the south of Russia - this is the second half - the end of April, in Middle lane(Moscow region) - the second half of May, and in the northern regions (Ural, Siberia) - no earlier than the 3rd decade of May - early June, around the same time pepper is planted in the North-West (Leningrad region).

Naturally, you can plant it in a greenhouse earlier (1-2 weeks), because soil in closed ground warms up faster.

The procedure for planting pepper seedlings in open ground is standard: transfer the seedlings into pre-prepared planting holes, maintaining their integrity earthen coma, and then pour it thoroughly.

Thus, even a novice summer resident is able to grow strong and healthy pepper seedlings at home, which can ultimately produce a generous and tasty harvest. It is only necessary to comply with all the requirements for sowing and conditions for keeping seedlings, and also not to ignore the basic rules for growing them.

Video: growing peppers from A to Z - from sowing seedlings to planting in open ground and harvesting

In contact with

Bell pepper or sweet pepper is widely used in cooking, Food Industry. It has an impressive list of quality properties and is an excellent antioxidant. How and when to plant peppers in open ground to enjoy the pleasant taste of the healthy “false berry”.

Pepper is annual plant with hollow, multi-seeded fruits of red, yellow, green, orange or brown colors. Weight, shape, size vary depending on the variety. With proper care, the weight of one specimen reaches one hundred and fifty grams. The variety is selected taking into account the climate of its growth.

Thick Baron - early, bushes reach a height of up to 60 cm, fruits - up to nine pieces, sweet, red, cube-shaped, weighing up to 300 grams.

Yellow bell - early, disease-resistant, ripening period up to 70 days, plant height up to 80 cm, fruits yellow, golden, cube-shaped, with wall thickness up to 10 cm, diameter up to 12 cm.

Star of the East is an early hybrid, the fruits are white, red, golden, chocolate, their usual mature weight is up to 350 g.

California miracle is mid-early, the ripening period is up to 75 days, the bushes grow in height up to 80 cm, the fruits with thick red walls weigh up to 250 grams.

Tevere is a mid-early fruit, yellow fruits weigh up to 300 g.

Their ripening periods are different:

early up to 125 days

mid-early up to 140 days.

late up to 150 days.

too late before 155 days.

Growing seedlings

At first, the pepper was bitter, but it became sweet as a result of European breeding work, which replaced the heat with sweetness.

A common way to grow peppers is from seedlings. It is suitable for different latitudes. The time for sowing seeds depends on the climate, the optimal timing is the end of February, the first ten days of March.

Planting pepper seedlings begins with preliminary preparation seeds First, they are lowered into water with a temperature no higher than fifty degrees. So the swelling process takes place in 5-6 hours, then the seeds are kept in a soaked cloth or gauze for about three days. After the seeds have hatched, they are sown in the prepared soil. This method ensures rapid germination (2-3 days after sowing).

The composition of the soil should include sand (1 cup), garden humus (2 cups), garden soil (1 cup), wood ash(2 tablespoons). The mixed mixture must be disinfected with a manganese solution, sterilized in the oven or microwave, then placed hot in containers, level the surface and allow it to cool to a warm state. To increase its looseness, ash is added (70g/1.5kg of soil), to avoid stagnation of water, drainage is placed at the bottom of the container. A useful point for preparing good soil is that garden soil can be replaced with peat.

For purchased garden soil disinfection and calcination are not carried out.

Seeds are laid out to a depth of up to two centimeters and at a distance of five centimeters. The soil is watered and the container is covered with glass or polyethylene. It is better for her to be in a warm place, where the constant temperature is plus 22. The best option planting seeds in peat, plastic pots, because pepper does not feel well after picking.

When the first shoots appear, the daytime temperature should be increased to 28 degrees, and the night temperature should be lowered to 15 degrees. The soil should be moderately moist; excess moisture negatively affects the plant and suggests blackleg disease. For irrigation, settled water is used warm water(+30), from cold - the sprouts will get sick and rot.

In the room where the seedlings are located, air humidity is controlled. To increase it, the sprouts should be sprayed and the room ventilated, but drafts are not allowed. In this case, the seedlings are covered with plastic caps, glass jars. It is necessary to provide lighting for the seedlings for fourteen hours. A special lamp is used for this, especially on cloudy days.

As soon as the first pair of leaves has appeared, the sprouts are picked into separate peat pots to the depth of the cotyledon leaves. If the seeds have already been sown in such a container, this procedure is unnecessary.

After establishment, the peppers actively develop, and when they become stronger, they are hardened two weeks before planting. First temporary - half an hour, then three - four hours, then sunny weather permanent. It is more beneficial for seedlings to be in the shade.

Keeping them in a draft or frost is not allowed.

Before planting seedlings, the soil should be fertilized, preferably twice. The first time - after picking, the second - ten days after the appearance of the second pair of leaves. Well proven liquid fertilizers– Krepysh, Mortar, Agricola, etc. abundant feeding not allowed.

To protect seedlings from late blight, a solution of boric acid and copper sulfate – 2g – is used for three days. for 3 liters of water. After this, watering stops. When a mite or aphid appears on the seedlings, it is watered with tincture of wormwood, tansy, and garlic.

Planting seedlings

In this process, it is better to be guided by the rule - better later than to ruin your work and be left without a harvest.

The sprouts themselves will indicate when to plant pepper seedlings in open ground. When they are strong, hardened and begin to form the first buds. When the air temperature does not drop below +17. The approximate period is from late May to mid-June.

The quality of peppers also depends on the composition of the soil in which they are planted. The site is pre-prepared a year before this event. The best predecessors of pepper are pumpkin, onions, carrots, zucchini, cucumbers; unacceptable ones are nightshades.

The soil under the predecessors must be dug up and fertilized with organic matter (5 kg/1 sq.m.). After harvesting, digging is carried out a second time with the simultaneous addition of potassium and phosphorus, fifty grams per unit area. If pepper is supposed to be grown on it this season, upper layer flavored ammonium nitrate(40g/1sq.m.). Seven days before planting seedlings, the soil is disinfected with copper sulfate (1 tbsp per bucket of water).

Planting technology

A distance of up to 60 cm is maintained between rows, and up to 50 cm between holes. The depth corresponds to the root collar of the sprout; it should be at the surface level of the ground. Fertilizers with minerals - phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium, 1 tbsp each, are placed in the holes. and mixes with the soil. You need to carefully remove the finished sprouts from the common container to avoid damage to the roots. Grown seedlings in pots are simply dropped into the hole. The voids are filled with earth, and the hole is well watered. After the water is absorbed, it is completely covered with earth. Experienced gardeners It is recommended to mulch the soil around the peppers with peat. This will serve as a safe shelter for the seedlings during nighttime drops in temperature.

In the garden, it is necessary to control the place where hot and sweet peppers are planted. They must be far enough apart from each other, otherwise cross-pollination is inevitable.

Pepper sprouts can be protected from pests. To do this, border marigolds, basil, and calendula are planted nearby. Coriander and parsley are great for attracting pollinating insects.

Caring for seedlings in the ground

For two weeks they will be sick, overfeed, and you should not water them abundantly. It is important to ensure that water does not get on young leaves.

If the weather presents frosts, the seedlings can be covered with film, trimmed plastic bottles. This event is relevant in cold weather, cloudy, rainy days.

No pepper required special care. He has enough moderate watering and regular loosening of the soil near the plant. As a result, its root system will be saturated with oxygen, which will have a beneficial effect on its development and fruiting.

Peppers are fertilized up to four times during the period of growth and ripening. Once every two weeks, elements are added before watering. This way they dissolve better.

Tall bushes must be tied to a previously placed peg nearby.

Harvesting

Having reached the stage of ripeness, and its indicator is green color, the fruits are picked and placed in boxes. In a warm room they ripen and acquire color according to the variety. The fruits that remain on the bushes, in the absence of competitors, receiving more nutrition from the ground, grow faster and become fuller.

Growing peppers is painstaking work. By following all the recommendations, every gardener will be able to enjoy an excellent harvest of healthy, colorful fruits.

Healthy strong pepper seedlings are a guarantee bountiful harvest. Mistakes that novice gardeners may make at the stages of sowing seeds and growing seedlings will certainly affect the fruiting of adult plants. Therefore, it is worth thoroughly knowing the technology of growing peppers, starting with determining the timing of sowing and ending with planting and planting seedlings in open ground.

ARTICLE ON THE TOPIC: Preparing seeds for sowing for seedlings

Pepper is a plant with long period ripening (150 - 200 days), so peppers are grown in the middle zone only as seedlings. Pepper seeds are very slow to germinate; seedlings appear on days 12-18, unless the seeds are specially prepared for sowing. Prepared seeds (how to do this will be discussed below) germinate on the seventh or eighth day. Root system pepper is located superficially, so it requires frequent and abundant watering. Due to the fact that the roots of pepper are located close to the soil surface and are weak, they are easily torn off, so pepper should be grown in seedlings without picking or doing it at a later date.

Growing pepper seedlings at home is sometimes more effective than buying ready-made seedlings. The owner who grows peppers, from preparing the seeds to harvesting, is one hundred percent confident in their quality and compliance with the declared variety. Whereas seedling sellers are often dishonest: they use cheaper seed material, feed the seedlings with growth stimulants and nitrogen fertilizers to speed up their development and improve their marketability.

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When to plant pepper seedlings

The period for sowing pepper seeds for seedlings in the middle zone is approximately from February 20 to March 15. The average period for keeping seedlings on the windowsill (from emergence) is 45-60 days. It is important to determine the timing correctly so as not to overexpose the seedlings on the windowsill. This is fraught with inhibition of the growth of an adult bush and a decrease in yield.

To accurately answer the question of when to plant pepper seedlings, you need to know the end date of spring frosts in your region. By counting back 60 days from this date, you can accurately determine the date of your desired planting.

To grow healthy, strong pepper seedlings on the windowsill, you need to create it certain conditions:

✔ A large number of light - it is desirable that the windows face south and are not shaded by trees (if there is insufficient natural light additional illumination with fluorescent lamps is required).
✔ Humidity - spray pepper seedlings 1-2 times a day, use humidifiers, etc.
✔ Warmth - during the day, the optimal temperature for pepper seedlings is 22-25°C, at night - 18-20°C.

How to grow pepper seedlings

Pepper seeds for seedlings - preparation for planting

For pepper, the quality of planting material is of primary importance. Pepper seeds must meet a number of requirements:

✿ Have high germination capacity, that is, be fairly fresh (annual).
✿ Be pure grade.
✿ Collected from healthy fruits.

A month before sowing, the seeds must be prepared and processed. This procedure includes a number of manipulations:

Calibration- all small, underdeveloped seeds should be excluded from sowing, as they will produce weak shoots and bushes. Large seeds - from 1.5 to 2.5 mm in diameter, depending on the variety, will sprout vigorously, and the yield will be 25-35% higher.

Thermal disinfection or heating contributes to the death of many pathogenic microorganisms, and this manipulation also improves sowing qualities and increases the yield. Its essence is that dry calibrated seeds are kept for 2 days at a temperature of +30 degrees, 3 days at +50 degrees and 4 days at a temperature of about 70 degrees. There is an easier way to warm the seeds - place them on a lamp with a lampshade, choosing a place where the temperature will be about + 60. They should be kept there for 3 hours. The third option is to place the seeds in a cloth on a heating radiator 2 months before sowing.

Chemical disinfection carried out to prevent bacterial, viral and fungal diseases young tomato plants. The first stage is soaking in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate (1 g per 100 ml of water at a temperature of about 40 degrees). The bag of seeds is kept for about 20-25 minutes. Then the seeds must be washed well in cold running water - this will be hardening. This has worked very well folk remedy, like soaking seeds for 24 hours in undiluted aloe juice. You need to prepare it like this: cut off the aloe leaves 6 days in advance and keep them in the refrigerator. Then crush with a wooden pestle in an enamel or glass bowl until it becomes a paste. Place the seeds in a gauze bag into it.

Pre-sowing treatment with microelements And. You need to make the following solutions (each for 3 liters of water): 2 g boric acid, 1 g copper sulfate, 3 g magnesium sulfate, 0.1 g succinic acid. Immerse the seeds in each solution for 15 minutes, then rinse well. It is also effective to soak the seed for 3 hours in a solution of wood ash (2 tablespoons per 1 liter of water).

Soak promotes rapid seed germination - 5-6 days earlier than when sowing dry. For one part of seeds you need to take 3 parts of water, preferably melted water, heated to 20 degrees. This living water, which starts all life processes. Everything must be mixed well and kept for 2 days at room temperature. Important point! Soaked seeds cannot be kept for a long time, but must be slightly dried (to make them crumbly) and sown in moist soil.

Hardening- a very useful manipulation, thanks to which fruiting occurs two weeks earlier. You can do hardening like this: place the soaked, swollen seeds on the top shelf of the refrigerator for 3 days. You can bury it in the snow if the temperature outside is not lower than 5 degrees below zero.

When preparing the soil, you should also keep the following in mind:

❀ It is advisable to fertilize the soil for peppers in the fall, but it is permissible to postpone this work until spring.
❀ If you have light loam on your plot, then you only need to fill the soil in the pepper bed with compost or humus at the rate of 1 bucket per square meter of its area.
❀ The bed for this crop cannot be filled with fresh manure, otherwise the plants will produce a lot of greenery, but few fruits.

Acidic soil is subjected to liming, adding 300-500 grams of lime per square meter of land.

Planting pepper seedlings in open ground

In central Russia, peppers are planted in open ground no earlier than the second ten days of May, and in the long spring this work is generally postponed to the beginning of summer.

By the time of planting, pepper seedlings should have 7-9 well-developed leaves, short, strong internodes and several formed ( early ripening varieties It is allowed to plant even with the ovary).

On the eve of planting in a permanent place, hardened pepper bushes are watered abundantly so that they do not become lethargic (otherwise they will lag in growth and drop the first buds).

Planting sweet peppers in open ground is carried out as follows:

✔ The soil in the garden bed is carefully loosened and leveled. When growing pepper in two rows, its width should be 90-100 meters, and when planting in three rows, the width of the bed is increased to 120 cm. It is also highly desirable that the bed be extended in the direction from north to south.
✔ A distance of 50 to 60 cm is left between the rows, and 40-45 cm between individual planting holes (it is better to place the holes in a checkerboard pattern). More dense planting according to the 20-25 x 50 cm scheme leads to a decrease in the size of the fruits, but significantly increases their number.
✔ The holes are filled with 200-300 g of vermicompost (humus, compost), add 1 tablespoon of ash and the same amount of crushed eggshells, and also pour in 1-2 liters of light pink solution of potassium permanganate.
✔ Arcs are installed over the bed, and to prevent the film from sagging, twine is pulled between the arcs on both sides.
✔ Planting of seedlings is carried out in the afternoon or in cloudy weather at any time of the day.
✔ Pepper bushes are planted at the same level at which they grew in pots (permissible depth - no more than two centimeters). In this case, tall varieties are placed in the central row, and low-growing and dwarf varieties are placed along the edge of the bed.
✔ When planting, pegs 50-60 cm high are attached to each plant for further garter. After this, the roots of the plants are covered and pressed with hands around the stems for better contact with the soil.
✔ The soil in the bed with planted seedlings is mulched with peat or dry soil (optional, but highly desirable).
✔ Throw a film over the arcs (if the weather is cool, then additionally insulate the plantings with lutrasil or any other non-woven material).

Peppers are slow to take root in a new location, so the plants need help to acclimatize. To do this, for the first one and a half to two weeks they are watered every 2-3 days under the root, using 1-2 liters per plant. During dry and hot periods, watering is generally carried out on a daily basis. During this period, it is necessary to loosen the soil between the rows, but with great care, to a depth of no more than 3-5 centimeters, in order to avoid any damage to the roots of the plants until they finally take root.

Until the night temperature exceeds +16 degrees, the peppers should be under film cover. In the daytime, if the air under the film warms up above +28 degrees, it must be opened slightly or even completely removed.

On the other hand, if, according to the forecast, return frosts are expected (this sometimes happens in early June), then the soil in the bed with planted seedlings should be watered with water at a temperature of +35-38 degrees and a dense non-woven cloth should be thrown on top (in addition to the film).

One of the most common problems that a new gardener has to deal with when growing peppers is when the plants begin to shed their ovaries en masse. The main reason for this problem is flaws in care and weather surprises, the impact of which is especially strong in open ground.

WHERE TO BUY PEPPER SEEDS

The scientific and production association “Gardens of Russia” has been introducing the latest achievements in the selection of vegetable, fruit, berry and ornamental crops into the widespread practice of amateur gardening for 30 years. The Association uses the most modern technologies, a unique laboratory for microclonal propagation of plants has been created. The main tasks of the NPO "Gardens of Russia" are to provide gardeners with high-quality planting material of popular varieties of various garden plants and new products of world selection. Delivery of planting material (seeds, bulbs, seedlings) is carried out by Russian Post. We are waiting for you to shop: