How to make a big pond. How to make a fish pond with your own hands

Having your own pond on your own property is not only one of the ways to create a comfortable, relaxing atmosphere at your dacha, but also an opportunity to add an exclusive twist to landscape design. Do you think such a hydraulic structure is beyond your strength? You’re wrong, we’ll tell you how to lay a pond with your own hands, spending a minimum of money and effort.

Selecting a location

A well-chosen location for the future pond is the key to its long-term operation and preservation of its presentable appearance.

Accounting for relief and soil

There are several important rules, which will help you choose the right place for the structure:

Openness of the site. It is recommended to choose a place that is as open as possible, free from trees, bushes and other plantings. The presence of plants nearby is undesirable for several reasons: root system trees will damage the walls of the reservoir, and leaves, fruits or branches, falling into the water, will rot, which is why the water will quickly begin to deteriorate.
Relief and soil. The best option is an area that remains wet for a long time after rain, because loamy or clay soil quickly prevents water from leaving. Placing a pond here will provide an opportunity to significantly save on waterproofing. Depressions or depressions formed naturally can serve as an excellent place for a reservoir. And if the pond is located in an area with a high level of groundwater, it will be necessary to implement drainage systems.
Proximity to a water source. Such reservoirs should be carefully and regularly looked after: change the water, clean it of algae, so it is very important to provide for the presence of a water source nearby, which will significantly speed up and facilitate the process of filling the structure with new water.
Possibility of territory expansion. If the size of the plot allows, then you should take into account in advance the possibility of expanding the pond: creating new decorative designs, construction of a bridge, gazebo, etc.

Correct lighting

A large role in choosing a location for future design sunlight plays. It is very important to choose a moderately lit area, without direct sunlight. Constant sunlight will dry out the water and promote the active reproduction of aquatic bacteria, activating growth green algae, mud formation. On the other hand, a lack of sunlight will lead to inhibition of the growth of ornamental plants.

Important! You can build an artificial pond on any type of soil. However, for some of them, construction costs and time will increase significantly.

The ideal is:

the area over which the sun appears before 11:00 am and after 15:00;
general illumination - no more than 6 hours a day;
darkening of the pond - at least 40% during peak sunshine.

Construction technologies

There are several technologies for constructing an artificial pond, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Having studied the features of each, you can make the best choice for your site.

Film

The simplest, cheapest and most universal way to form a pond is with a special film. To organize it, 2 types of film are used:

After the selection of a suitable film is completed, construction work begins:

Mark the area where the pond will be located.
Dig a pit according to the dimensions of the structure.
Prepare the substrate. To do this, the walls and floor of the pit are well compacted, a layer of waterproofing is laid, which can be geotextiles or PVC film, covered with sand and compacted again.
A film is laid on top of the sand layer. During of this event You may encounter some problems: firstly, due to the uneven surface, folds may form on the film. This is quite normal, but it is better to try to make one large fold than many small ones. Secondly, it is not recommended to allow the material to be stretched, since it may burst under the weight of water.
After laying the film, begin pouring water. The pond filled with water is left for several days, and then the protruding pieces of film are carefully cut off.
The last stage is the strengthening of the “coastline”. Stone, pebbles, geomats, and gratings are used as reinforcing materials.

This method has a number of advantages over others:

low cost of materials;
simplicity and ease of implementation;
the ability to create a structure of any shape and size;
fast pace of pond creation;
there is no need to contact specialists, since even an inexperienced master can build a reservoir.

Did you know? Very often the bottom of the pond is lined with film blue color, supposedly to match the water. In fact, blue bottom does not exist in nature - it is dark or dark gray. This is the color that should be preferred.

When organizing a pond on a film basis, you need to remember that it will not last long, and you need to be prepared for the fact that it will have to be repaired annually. The film is easily damaged, torn or cut when cleaning. In addition, edges lying on the surface can melt when exposed to the sun.

A concrete pond is considered one of the most durable, reliable and durable ponds. Its construction takes place in several stages:

They dig a pit with a margin of 20–25 cm, which is necessary to strengthen the bottom.
Remove stones, remnants of roots and other objects from the pit.
Cover the bottom with a 15 cm layer of crushed stone and compact it.
Starting from the center to the sides, lay a layer of waterproofing.
Concrete is poured: the solution is mixed, a reinforcing mesh is made, and the mixture is poured. Allow to harden and finally apply a layer of liquid glass.

A concrete pond can boast of the following advantages:

strength and durability of the structure;
the ability to create a reservoir of any shape;
ease of maintenance;
low cost of concrete solution.

However, building a concrete bowl is not as easy as it seems at first glance. During the work it will take a lot of effort and time. In addition, a concrete structure requires additional processing frost-resistant agents and liquid glass.

The easiest thing to organize is a pond made from a ready-made bowl. In construction stores you can purchase structures made of polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride.

Important! Plain concrete needs both internal and external waterproofing. There are brands of material that are not afraid of moisture, but they are very expensive and require special technology fills. Because of this, using expensive concrete to create ponds is in most cases impractical.

Such artificial ponds are quite durable and frost-resistant. Their main advantages are considered to be:

low weight of the structure;
convenience and ease of installation;
quite a decent service life - up to 15 years;
low maintenance requirements.

Plastic ponds are not without their disadvantages, including:

small dimensions and inability to expand the reservoir;
high price for quality material;
unnatural appearance.

You can also make an artificial pond from available materials. For example, an old cast-iron bathtub can serve as an excellent form for a future pond. Such a pond is highly resistant to sun and water, is quite durable and can last for many years.

The disadvantage of this design is its unnatural appearance, since the bathtub has only rectangular shape, as well as the large weight of the material, which may cause problems with its transportation to the site.
An old car tire can also serve as a form for a pond. Of course, there is no need to talk about a large pond here, but organizing an original, interesting corner on your site is quite possible. To build it you need:

cut off the top of the tire;
dig a hole, with a small margin around the perimeter;
lay the tire down and cover it with film;
secure the film, pour water into the pond.

Did you know? Ifinto the pond plannedlaunch fish, then its depth should be at least 2 m, and for carp habitat - at least 2.5 m. It is this depth that allows the water not to freeze in winter time.

The coastal zone of the reservoir can be decorated with stones, pebbles, and various plants.

How to make a pond

To make a good, high-quality pond with your own hands, you should put in a little effort, as well as spend your time and money. But the result is worth it, and the mini-reservoir will delight you and your family for many years.

The process of building a structure that will function year-round consists of the following stages:

Formation of the pit. One of the most important and at the same time difficult actions is digging a pit. On the rise of the pit it is necessary to make several terraces: the largest - at a depth of about 2 m, where fish will live. Further, gradually rising - at a depth of 1 m and 0.5 m, respectively. It is necessary to ensure that the walls of the pit are not completely smooth, but are formed in the form of small steps, otherwise, after the film is laid, it it will simply “slip”. After digging a pit, it is necessary to coastal zone remove along the entire perimeter of the pond upper layer soil by approximately 0.5 m, forming a small trench. Such an improvised “side” needs to be made at a slight slope so that water after precipitation does not flow into the reservoir, but remains in the gutter. Next, you should carefully compact the walls and bottom: first use wide board, then the walls and bottom of the pit are sprinkled thin layer sand and compacted with feet.
Strengthening the structure. To give the structure strength, you will need grade 500 cement, water and a regular watering can. The work is carried out according to the following algorithm: the steps of the pit and its bottom are generously watered with water from a watering can, then sprinkled with a fairly dense layer of dry cement. When the cement is absorbed, a strong “crust” forms on the surface. Such manipulations are carried out over the entire area of the pit. Upon completion, it is necessary to leave the pond to harden for 1 day so that the cement sets.
Laying rough and finishing films. A film is laid at the very bottom of the pit (where the terrace is 2 m deep), or you can use an old inflatable pool as a material. The bottom is covered with a pool or film and secured to the ground using metal brackets (you can make the brackets yourself by bending the rod into a U shape). Next, using a rough film, you should line the entire area of the pit. To keep the film in place and not move, it is fixed on the ledges with stones or bricks. On top of the rough it is necessary to lay the finishing film in the same way, fixing all the ledges with small layers of stones. The finishing film has good wear resistance, frost resistance, and can last for many years. After laying the film, you need to make sure that along the entire edge of the bank there is a sufficient margin of 20–30 cm, which is necessary for reliable fastening edges
Pond decoration. The coastal part of the pond along the perimeter must be lined with small wooden blocks (logs). It is advisable to “adjust” each such blank to the same size so that such an artificial fence has an aesthetic appearance. Also, the area between the wooden piles and the edges of the pond can be lined natural stones. Next, the pond is filled with water and decorated as desired: plants, algae or reeds are planted, and wooden snags are placed. If the reservoir contains fish, then you need to add some river water to it.

Video: how to make a reservoir - a pond on a plot, dacha

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An artificial pond in your country house can be a great place to relax on a hot summer day. To those people who have country houses on the shore of a lake or river, very lucky. Well, the rest will need to roll up their sleeves and arrange a pond in their dacha with their own hands.

We are drawing up a project

It is best to allocate a place for a future artificial pond still at the design stage summer cottage . In this case, the reservoir must:

Do not be exposed to prolonged exposure to direct sunlight - heated water provokes the growth of algae and the development of microorganisms. The water in the reservoir quickly becomes cloudy and will have a musty, unpleasant odor;
be in an open area - branches and leaves from trees will quickly pollute the water, and the root system can damage the bottom of an artificial reservoir;
be located so that later you can expand the size of the water surface if you want to convert the pond, for example, into a full-fledged complex - with a fountain, bridge, etc.

Professional builders It is advised to make the artificial pond shallow - since it will mainly be used as a beautiful element of the surrounding landscape in the garden. In addition, you immediately need to think about how you will care for the pond on your site - there should be a convenient approach to it. Naturally, not through alpine coaster or a vegetable garden.

Water in artificial pond you will need to change it yourself, since it will not be cleaned naturally, unlike natural bodies of water. Therefore, you need to make sure that the water well at your dacha is located close to your pond.

Selection of material for construction

Before you make a pond with your own hands, you need determine its basis. In this case, there are several solutions. Let's consider what an artificial pond can be made from.

Reinforced concrete

The most durable pond in the garden can be made using reinforced concrete. The bottom and coastal zone, reinforced with reinforcement and filled with concrete, will be able to withstand various additional loads - installation sculptural compositions, fountain, etc.

The complexity of construction makes this technology for organizing small ponds in the country impractical. The disadvantages of this solution include significant cost. You will have to rent special equipment, use a lot of building materials, and dismantling the installed reservoir will only be possible with great labor costs.

PVC film

A budget solution for the construction of an artificial pond in a country house. The depth and shape of this reservoir can be easily changed, its size reduced or increased. A pond on a site with a film base can even be made seasonal - for example, filled in with the arrival of winter and arranged again in the summer.

The disadvantages of this solution include the fragility and fragility of the PVC coating - the film can be easily damaged, and if the integrity of the bowl is damaged, water will easily drain into the ground. Therefore, swimming in these domestic ponds is not recommended - they made small in size and are used for garden decoration.

Store-bought artificial bowls

This is the golden mean for people who want to have their own pond in their garden and not have to worry about building materials for its organization. Shop bowls for decorative ponds are made of durable and strong materials - fiberglass or polyvinyl chloride.

The first option is much more expensive. However, the cost of a fiberglass bowl is fully compensated by the excellent performance characteristics of this material. You can easily install this bowl with your own hands, without involving anyone in this process. outside help. The disadvantage can be considered the purchase of ready-made standard forms - that is, the foundation pit must be made to fit the shape of the bowl, and not vice versa.

Moreover, the possibility of constructing uneven terrain bottom to design natural coastlines. Besides this method organizing a pond in the garden will cost much more than a pond made from scrap materials or film.

Available materials

A rather interesting option is to use different available containers or materials. Old troughs and cast iron baths are quite suitable for construction.

The advantage of this method is that there is no need to build bulky reinforced concrete structures or purchase standard forms. The disadvantages include the low decorativeness of old containers - you will need to show imagination in order to old bath make a work of art.

For example, for people who have catastrophically little space in their dacha, experts advise using a convenient and simple tire pond. Old tires are dug in, film is laid inside, and the banks are decorated.

The resulting pond can surprise even professional designers - the finished pond will be an exclusive element of the landscape interior.

Pit

Then, when you have decided on the material for construction, you need to dig a pit. This work is best done in the summer, when groundwater leave as much as possible. The depth of the pit is determined based on the type of material from which they decided to make the bowl. If this is an old bathtub or another ready-made mold, dig a hole 25-30 cm deeper than the dimensions of the mold.

If you decide to make a pond from PVC film, then you will need to dig to a depth of about 70-90 cm - a shallow pond will completely freeze in winter, dry out quickly and heat up in the summer. For reservoirs made of reinforced concrete, you will need to dig a pit more than 1.5 meters deep - here you cannot do without special equipment.

Let's look at the stages of work for building a pond at the dacha with your own hands for various types selected materials.

PVC film pond

When the pit is ready, all that remains is to clean its bottom and dig a future mini-pond on the sides small terraces . The depth of these terraces is approximately 30 cm and the width is about 25 cm. The bottom of the pit is compacted, pebbles, crushed stones, stones and other foreign objects are removed. The cleaned bottom is sprinkled with sand and covered with geotextile fabric. This bottom preparation will significantly improve the strength of the base coating and also extend the life of the film.

The next step is laying the film covering. The size of the film can be calculated as follows: take the total length of the reservoir and add twice the depth of the pit. The film sheet is fixed on the terraces with a margin of approximately 30 cm. The laid sheet is laid with stones or bricks - this must be done to preserve its laying shape.

Then you need to fill the pond with water, check the integrity of the film and begin decorating the coastal zone. No need right away cut off the remaining film under bricks, as it can shrink over time.

Pond from the bath

To build a pond from an old bathtub or other unnecessary container you will need:

crushed stone;
a piece of mesh;
sand and cement;
a coil of steel or aluminum wire;
beautiful stones for decoration.

After the pit has been dug, it is necessary to make its edges. Why do we remove the top along the entire perimeter of the future pond? a layer of earth about 45-50 cm wide. This perimeter is deepened so that it is level with the shape of the reservoir. Closes drainer in the bathroom, then it is installed at the bottom of the pit.

To extend the operating time of the future mini-pond, it is necessary to protect the enamel on the inner surface of the bowl. Why the sides and bottom of the bathroom can be treated with tile adhesive. After this, the bath is allowed to dry thoroughly. As a rule, this takes at least several days.

Then a chain-link mesh is laid around the entire perimeter of the bowl. It is required to reinforce the bottom and sides of the reservoir. Apply to the mesh cement-sand mixture or concrete mortar and let it dry. Then comes the final design of the banks.

Pond from a ready-made mold

The pit dug for the form, cleared of debris, branches and other items. The walls and bottom of the pit are compacted. When the soil at the dacha is very loose, it needs to be strengthened. The finished form requires a perfectly flat plane of the sides and bottom of the pit. The surface can be leveled using a building level.

Then the bottom must be filled with sifted sand, which must also be compacted. The sand layer is an excellent preservative that will ensure the integrity of the finished bowl.

After this, the bowl is placed in the pit and water is poured. The resulting voids between the ground and the sides of the mold are filled with sand; this must be done gradually. First, 20-25 cm of sand is poured, which is moistened with water. After distributing the sand, this process must be repeat until the voids are completely filled between the walls of the pit and the form.

This must be done, since the pond mold is very fragile and can be easily deformed. Uniform pressure over the surfaces of the bowl will prevent it from bending.

After a day, check the gap between the ground and the sides of the bowl. If there are voids left, add sand. We pour the water out of the mini-pond, clean it completely and pour in clean water.

Plant selection

Small plants are planted on the shore part of the pond. Hostas can create a picturesque picture on the shore of a pond; green ones prefer partial shade, and blue ones prefer shade.

Also in the shade, sedge with narrow leaves, which sometimes grow up to 80 cm, grows well. In partial shade, the unpretentious loosestrife with attractive inflorescences purple . On sunny area you can plant molinia.

A fern will perfectly decorate the shore of a pond located in partial shade. It grows well on moist soil. The same conditions are suitable for astilbe. Its low-growing varieties are suitable for planting near a pond.

If the body of water is quite large, plant darmera (peltiphyllum) on the shore - perennial in the form of bushes up to 1 m high and up to 0.5 m in diameter with notched round leaves.

On the second level in the reservoir, water lilies are traditionally placed. Hybrid nymphs are characterized by a variety of flower colors. There is no need to overload the pond with a large number of specimens, they grow and only interfere with each other.

Sunny shallow water is great place for calamus. In a small reservoir, low calamus grass looks organic, and in a large reservoir, marsh calamus looks organic. Some varieties of irises also prefer low water.

The unpretentious whitewing is a fairly popular plant for home ponds. At the beginning of summer, a cob-shaped flower appears on it, and then red berries appear. We must remember that they are poisonous.

Aquatic hawthorn, which smells like vanilla, grows well in water, reaching a diameter of 50 cm. It is a deep-water plant. The miniature Azolla floating on the surface, covering the pond with a green carpet, looks original. However, you will need to fight it by periodically catching bushes.

DIY fish pond: 4 ways to build a pond with instructions + 5 benefits of film insulation + 9 tips for building a pond.

Starting your own business can be very difficult.

Some ideas are very profitable, but only in the long term. How can you make money flow to you within a couple of months?

The fish pond will become one of the best options , What . Today we will look at how you can make this idea a reality.

Detailed instructions and tips for arranging a reservoir for fish farming will allow you to build the main component of your business project within 3 to 10 days.

Fish pond: popular destinations

In Russia, fisheries are located at high level since ancient times.

Strong competition from foreign manufacturers drove them out of the market big companies supplying fish products. This event gave impetus to the development of small businesses aimed at supplying regions where importing fish from afar is not a financially viable solution.

What are the directions in fish farming?

Growing in a pond.
Suitable for most species that are bred on an industrial basis.
.
Suitable for river species such as pike, crucian carp, perch and others.
Cage fish farming.
Requires placement on natural reservoirs, which is not always convenient.
Homemade mini-ponds.
They have non-standard proportions in terms of structures.

Today we are considering the first direction - growing fish in a pond.

It is optimally suited for implementation and does not require high costs. The advantages include the high payback rate of the reservoir.

Where to start building a fish pond?

The first thing to take care of is the place where the pond will be located.

At first glance, it may seem that there is nothing special here, and absolutely any site will do. But if you want the pond to serve you for a long time, you should pay attention to the generally accepted principles of constructing such structures.

How to choose the best place to build a pond:

Begin construction on a hill, otherwise rainwater may enter the pond and dirt may drain.
There should be no bushes or trees near the place where the building will be located.
Leaves that fall into the pond will trigger the process of decay, which will negatively affect the general condition of the reservoir.
It is desirable to have artificial shade.
It should not cover the entire area.
The optimal location would be to constantly position about 30% of the space in the shade throughout the day.
It is better to select soil without large stones or clay.
The process of digging a hole for construction will be simplified many times. But here it is at the discretion of the owner.

The depth of the pond for normal functioning must exceed 160 cm.

There should be no foreign impurities at the bottom, but vegetation will always be in place in a finished pond.

The location must be suitable not only for keeping animals. The fish must be able to go through its entire life cycle, including spawning.

4 ways to build a fish pond

Method 1. Fish pond without finishing.

Easiest to build. All you need to do is make a depression for the future reservoir and cover its walls with clay mixed with turf.
But let's still look at the technology in more detail.

What materials will be needed:

bayonet and shovel shovels;
mixture - clay with turf;
tubes for water supply/discharge;
shovel for leveling the walls of the pond.

This is just a rough list. If you are planning a large pond, digging can be done using large construction equipment.

Construction scheme:

Draw the boundaries of the future construction site.
Dig holes along the marked boundaries.
Draw canals from the pond to the water supply point.
Place the tubes along the dug channels.
Combine clay with turf in a ratio of 50% to 50%.
Use water to obtain the desired consistency. Be careful not to let the mixture become too liquid.
Line the bottom and side walls of the cavity with the mixture.
Fit problem areas To the right proportions and level everything with a spatula.

Whether to cladding or not is up to you to decide. The resulting pond is already a full-fledged reservoir where fish can be raised.

Method 2. How to build a fish pond with film flooring?

The most flexible of the options that does not require special instructions on construction. The scheme is easy to implement even for those who are doing this for the first time.

What materials will be needed:

digging tools;
drainage pipes;
film 0.5 - 1 mm thick, preferably black;
pegs or stones.

The flexibility of this method lies in the ability to make borders of any irregular shape. The film will lie along the perimeter and, when filled with water, will acquire the contours of a depression.

To build you will need:

Outline the boundaries of the future pond.
Dig a recess with arbitrary wall relief.
Construct channels for drainage.
Cover the recess with film and make holes at the junction points of the water supply pipes and the pond space.
Secure the edges of the film with pegs or stones.

Experience in fisheries has shown that the best option Polyethylene is used to insulate the pond. For large spaces, custom-made film with increased strength indicators is used.

What are the advantages of polyethylene waterproofing:

low cost of material;
simplified installation procedure;
after installation, the pond is immediately ready for use;
the material is very durable;
easy to carry out renovation work with the material.

In addition, the film is non-toxic to fish and safe for aquatic vegetation.

If desired, you can order special waterproofing with increased strength.

Method 3. Fish pond using plastic.

Unlike the options described above, here the main difficulties may arise at the stage of adjusting the shape of the recess to the relief of the plastic.

Plastic frames are usually made to order. It wouldn’t hurt to think about what you want your pond to look like and discuss the issues with experts.

Instrumentation is not particularly different from construction using other methods. The main component is a plastic frame, under which all other parameters should be adjusted when building a pond.

Construction algorithm:

Take measurements of the frame, such as length, width, diameter.
Make markings on the ground according to the shape of the plastic frame, taking into account the dimensions.
Dig a hole, observing the shape and depth of the workpiece.
Make an allowance of 6 - 7 cm around the perimeter for further adjustment.
Place the mold and draw channels to accommodate the water supply pipes.
Connect the pipes and finally level the space around the perimeter of the structure, filling the gaps between the plastic form and the shore.

The downside, perhaps, is the fixed size of the pond. If you plan to deploy big business, this construction method will not work.

Although the design is durable compared to other options, the cost plastic frames quite high.

Method 4. Construction of a fish pond from a concrete mixture.

The most time-consuming method to achieve your goal.

The result will be a highly durable and high quality fish pond. You should take the choice of location and procurement of materials for construction especially seriously.

What materials will be needed:

tools for digging holes;
sand with fine gravel.
Required to strengthen the base at the bottom in the presence of soft areas;
tubes for collecting/draining water;
waterproofing material.
The ideal option would be a film with a thickness of 0.6 mm;
cement with filler (sand or small crushed stone);
shovel for leveling the surface of the pond;
containers for mixing components;
reinforcing mesh;
liquid.

The process of building a fish pond in this way is a step-by-step process and can take 1-2 weeks.

The technology should be strictly adhered to in order to avoid problems with the fish farming pond in the future.

Algorithm for constructing a fish pond:

Using a pointed tool, draw the boundaries of the future reservoir.
Choose the form at your discretion.
Dig the 1st test layer along the perimeter of the borders by 1 bayonet.
The bevel of the side walls should be no more than 25 degrees.
Dig water inlet and outlet channels for pipes.
Place the pipes inside the channel.
Dig a hole to the depth you need.
The soil at the bottom should be compacted manually or using special tools.
If the bottom is soft, it needs to be strengthened using sand and gravel.
The layer of stones is covered with sand no more than 1-2 cm thick.
Cut the insulating film to the shape of the bottom of the pond with a margin for the walls.
Press the material well to the ground and secure it at the top with pegs or stones.
Mix the concrete.
For the preparation, use 1 part cement to 3 parts sand (the filler may be different).
Mix everything thoroughly and add liquid to obtain the required consistency.
Distribute the resulting solution evenly on the surface of the waterproofing material with a thickness of no more than 1 cm.
After application, allow the concrete to harden before applying the next layer.
Continue the process until the thickness concrete covering will not become about 9-10 cm.
After 4-5 layers of concrete mixture, reinforcing mesh should be laid.
It will be a good support for your pond.
Place the mesh along the bottom walls, and, pressing lightly, adjust it to the shape of the recess.
Pour the next layer of concrete on top and let the mixture harden.
Place water supply/discharge tubes in the channels.
Adjust the joints of the holes between the walls and the pipe.
Fill the gaps with concrete and smooth them out with a spatula.
Carry out the cladding concrete mixture using a spatula around the perimeter of the entire pond.

Minor nuances and errors can be resolved after filling the pond.

The construction is very strong and durable. If you wish, you can beautifully decorate the shores and, in addition to trade, begin providing tourist fishing services.

All 4 methods of creating a reservoir for fish farming are easy to implement with the proper level of perseverance and effort.

Based on the size of the desired structure, it is worth choosing the most rational methods of constructing a pond.

Construction of a fish pond

We have looked at how you can create a pond for fish breeding, and now let's dwell on the issue of its design and arrangement at all stages of construction.

1) What equipment is needed to set up a pond?

Have you filled your pond and want to start breeding fish?

Animals living in open water bodies have their own characteristics that are reflected in their living conditions. You should find out more about the type of fish you are going to breed and prepare for it optimal conditions.

Will become indispensable in any pond gravity filter.

Mobile mounted device for filtering water in a pond when breeding fish. The price for such a mechanism is in the range of 4,000 – 6,000 rubles.

The next indispensable attribute of any place where aquatic life is bred will be compressor. It will prevent the death of organisms by saturating the water with oxygen.

Well, the 3rd necessary element – ultraviolet sterilizer, which will prevent the water from blooming. For the price, count on 20,000 - 30,000 rubles, depending on the power and coverage area.

Other components for your pond depend on the species of fish you plan to raise. Information about each species can be obtained individually from specialists or by attending fish farming training seminars.

2) Water quality requirements for fish.

Water is the main component of success in fish farming. Optimal conditions will allow animals to gain weight and reproduce well.

External impurities such as bleach, methane and hydrogen sulfide must not be allowed to enter.

A. General requirements.

Water for fish should not have strong odors and bright colors in colors.

Farmers often add carbon dioxide to improve the condition of the liquid, but its excess can also harm the microflora. The maximum permissible value of carbon dioxide is 15 mg per 1 liter.

b. Reaction of water to pH.

There are 3 possible states of water in a pond - neutral (PH = 7), acidic (PH 7).

The optimal value is within 5 – 7 points. To reduce the acid level in the liquid, the installation of special lime filters is required.

c. Iron level.

When filling a fish pond with water, pay attention to the iron salt content.

When reacting with water, oxidation occurs with high oxygen absorption, which negatively affects the condition of the fish. At acid reactions A brown coating settles on the gills, interfering with respiratory processes and leading to death.

To prevent such situations, periodically aerate the water.

Plants are necessary for stable bioflora in a pond.

The list of acceptable flora representatives can be found in the table below:

Periodic tests for microbiological and mineral indicators of the state of water will help to track problems in a timely manner. Experts will give advice on how to correct the situation and improve the situation.

Industrial ponds are not particularly beautiful in design. Their main goal is to create the most comfortable conditions for fish farming.

Our tips will help you properly build and design your pond.

9 tips for setting up a fish pond:

Do not allow the water level in the pond to exceed.

The construction of a drainage canal will help keep this factor under control.

Its width can reach 70 cm, and its depth is not higher than the optimal value in the reservoir.

The side walls are at a slope of 20-30 degrees and are reinforced with materials of your choice.

The maximum depth of the pit should not exceed 3 meters.

These are optimal conditions for wintering and fish breeding.

About 30% of the area must be allocated to the shallows with a depth of 0.5-1 m.

This will allow the fish to spawn, and will simplify the feeding procedure for you.

Make at least one of the banks flat.

The procedure will diversify the flora and improve the overall condition of the pond.

Give priority to building a pond with drainage capabilities.

It is in this that the fish remaining after draining the water will be located.

Clean the bottom of silt and other sediment a couple of times a year.

Sludge is a very useful fertilizer for plants and another source of income for your business.

Clean the perimeter of the shore near the pond.

When constructing a pond, the earth from the pit should be used to strengthen and form the banks.

The optimal geometric solution would be an oval model of the pond design.

If you are counting on collecting precipitation, then use a rectangular shape.

These tips will help you avoid common problems with contamination and die-off of farmed fish in your pond.

Be careful about the type of fish you plan to breed. It may be necessary to grow them special conditions, which will entail the purchase of additional equipment.

How to build an eco-pond on your site with your own hands?

A detailed guide with a practical example will inspire you and answer this question:

Fish pond – good source permanent income. Which construction and propagation method you choose is up to you.

The payback period for a fishing business is on average 3-7 months, depending on sales volumes.

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An artificial pond on a private plot can become a source of not only aesthetic, but also gastronomic pleasure. By making some efforts to breed fish, you can get good help in providing yourself and your loved ones with valuable fresh product. And if you approach the matter on a grand scale, you will make money. After all, doing everything with your own hands in the country at home is not so difficult.

Fish species are selected in accordance with breeding conditions. The determining factors are air temperature and water composition. The type of pond is important - flowing or standing. When selecting varieties, one should take into account the compatibility of breeds and competition for food. The most unpretentious and productive are considered:

Carp or carp- heat-loving, but resistant to temperature fluctuations. Diet: plant foods and mixed feed. It reaches sexual maturity at 1-3 years of age, depending on the ambient temperature. Varieties - scaly, mirror and leathery.
- a large relative of the carp. Reaches a weight of 50 kg or more. Homeland - Far East. Eats a large number of plant food, used to clean overgrown reservoirs.
Black cupid- similar to white, but feeds on shellfish. The scales are dark in color. It sanitizes ponds well from other types of pests.
White and bighead carp- very similar until 3 years of age. Then the motley develops spots on its scales. Reach 50 kg. Silver carp feeds only on plants. Motley is more unpretentious.
Buffalo- looks like carp, native to America. According to the growing conditions, it is similar to carp, but the meat is much more valuable in taste.
Channel catfish- omnivorous, large, heat-loving. Homeland America. When fed correctly, it has a very pleasant taste of meat.

Less productive, but amenable to cultivation in a man-made pond, are:

Gold and silver crucian carp are unpretentious and fast-growing. Can interbreed with other fish breeds. Gains weight up to 5 kg. Feels good even with unfavorable water composition.

also in artificial reservoirs trout, pike, tench, and sturgeon are bred.

Grass carp is one of the freshwater fish species suitable for pond farming.

Advantages and disadvantages of raising fish at home

An important advantage of backyard farming is the ability to obtain for personal consumption or sell all year round products in great demand.

Fish meat contains a lot of valuable substances and vitamins. The fresh catch has excellent taste.

The capital investment required to start fish farming is not very large. The labor intensity of cultivation is from 3 to 5 hours a day. Weather when using an artificial reservoir, they have a slight effect on the growth of individuals.

Major investments take place on initial stage. It is necessary to build a pool or dig a pond.

The main expenses during breeding are at the initial stage when making a pond

Their type and size are determined by the financial capabilities of the owner and the area of the plot. Minimum depth artificial reservoir 1-1.5 m. The volume is calculated from the estimated number of individuals populated in the pond. One fish 10-15 cm long should have at least 50 liters of water, i.e. in one cubic meter In a reservoir, no more than 20 specimens can coexist peacefully.

Types of breeding pools

The quality of water in a mini pond and its chemical composition depend on the source of the pond. It also determines the temperature, availability of food and oxygen supply of the aquatic environment.

What type of reservoir filling exists:

Stream or river. Water enters the reservoir from natural sources By supply channel. Excess is removed by a drain channel. The oxygen and plankton content in a pond with such filling is favorable for breeding, because closest to natural conditions.
Rodnikovoe. Clean water with a high oxygen content is most favorable for breeding fish of different breeds. For a source of food, daphnia pits are set up in the area adjacent to the reservoir - shallow small depressions for the reproduction of plankton. They communicate with the main body of water. Daphnia move into the pond and serve as food for the fish.
Atmospheric. In the absence of rivers, streams and springs, the source of moisture is rain and melt water. Well-heated water is favorable for the development of vegetation and living organisms.
Closed water supply. The use of ponds without external water sources became possible thanks to the use of special equipment: pumps, filters, ultraviolet sterilizers, etc. When constructing a reservoir, special attention should be paid to waterproofing the bottom.

Fish pond with stream filling

How to make a pond with your own hands

Having decided to build a fish pond on the site, you need to determine its location, area and method of construction. If there are no natural sources of filling, the reservoir is built using a closed water supply.

How to choose the right site

The location for the pond must meet the following conditions:

be away from noisy places and highways,
be shaded by trees, but not under them, because falling leaves pollute the water,
do not be located in a lowland, because there is a risk of contamination from run-off rainwater,
have a source of electricity for equipment with filters for water purification and oxygen enrichment plants.

Required tools and materials

The most durable is a pond with concrete bottom. Its device requires significant material and labor costs, which will more than pay off during long-term operation.

To build a pond you will need:

crushed stone,
sand,
cement,
mesh made of reinforcement with a diameter of 3-4 mm and a cell of 30x30 cm,
board formwork,
roofing felt or other material for waterproofing the bottom and walls,
tubes for inlet and drain holes,
waterproofing additive for plaster bottom and walls.

Technology for creating an artificial reservoir at the dacha

Mark the dimensions of the pond on the ground. To do this, use pegs and cord. For fish farming, the shape of the pond does not matter.
Digging a pit by hand or using an excavator. The optimal depth is 1.5-1.8 m, wall angles are 20°.
Before concreting, preparation is made of sand and crushed stone with the bottom compacted.
Waterproofing is laid from roofing felt or film and brought to the surface of the ground.
Pour the first layer of concrete onto the bottom 10 cm thick, compact and embed reinforcing mesh all over the bottom.
The second layer of concrete is poured.
Install formwork for the walls of the pond. IN finished form they should be 10-12 cm thick.
The walls of the reservoir are reinforced and filled with concrete.
Concrete surfaces are covered with plaster with a waterproofing additive or liquid glass. The material for treating walls must be safe for fish.
Install necessary equipment: pumps, filters, oxygen enrichers of water.

For a safe wintering of fish, a wintering well should be provided. It is made from asbestos-cement pipes with a diameter of 80 cm or ordinary reinforced concrete rings. In a well buried to a level of 2.7 m, covered with a wooden shield, the fish will not freeze and will not die from lack of oxygen.

Even a beginner can build a pond with his own hands. Fish farming does not take much time if the process of stocking, feeding and catching is established. Even if the purpose of fish farming is not to generate income, this activity will bring benefits and pleasure.

How pleasant it is to spend a few hours by a shady pond or lake in the hot summer! Of course, it's great if there is one in the neighborhood. However, most often we spend our free summer days at the dacha, and not everyone has the funds for a large Vacation home and services landscape designer. In this case, there is nothing left but to make a pond with your own hands, especially since it is not so difficult.

It all depends on your imagination, the size of the area and what you have on hand. If you put in a little effort and money, your dacha pond will not only delight you, but also cause the burning envy of your neighbors.

The size and shape of yours primarily depend on the area of the plot allocated for these purposes. But the larger the pond area, the easier it is to care for - a small one needs to be cleaned more often. If you are planning to get fish and plant a lot aquatic plants, then a small reservoir will also not suit you, because it is very difficult to maintain the correct eco-balance in it.

The most best place for a home pond there will be an open part of the site, at the same time protected from strong winds. You should not place the pond in a well-lit place: the location should be such that Sun rays do not fall into the water for more than 6 hours in a row, otherwise it will bloom and only frogs will be able to live there. A dubious prospect, right? At the same time, if the lighting is insufficient, the plants will develop slowly, and you won’t get a beautiful place to relax.

If you decide to build a small fountain, you will definitely need a pond diagram in order to properly connect the pump and other equipment. With a little effort, you can draw up a plan yourself. Of course, you will also need to consider the proximity of the power supply network.

You should not locate your home pond under the canopy of trees. Firstly, this will lead to additional contamination of the water with fallen leaves, and the pond will have to be cleaned much more often, and secondly, the roots of the tree can damage the bed of the tank, and it will quickly dry out.

And, of course, the whole idea will become useless if you cannot enjoy beautiful view from a window or from a terrace, so when planning to make a pond on your property with your own hands, do not forget about the aesthetic side of the issue.

Home pond on a rigid base

If you are a supporter of solid, durable construction, then you can approach the process on a grand scale: dig a foundation pit of sufficient size and, using metal reinforcement and cement, cast a reinforced concrete bowl for the pond. Such a design will certainly cost a lot, but it will last for many years (at least 30). If you are not a follower of the global approach, you can get by with a simpler and cheaper option.

So, how to do it One of the most basic ways to make your dream come true is a ready-made “bowl”, which can be purchased in a store. Perhaps the main disadvantage of this option is that you will not be able to come up with your own original shape for the reservoir; you will have to be content with the offered assortment.

The cheapest solution is plastic pond small size, from 4 to 8 m2. Of course, there are larger molds, but they already belong to the category of pools and are much more expensive. When choosing a container, you should definitely pay attention to its depth - it should be at least 0.8-1 meters. In summer, the water in such a pond will warm up completely, and all its inhabitants will be comfortable, but in winter, such a pond will not freeze to the bottom, which is also very important.

If you decide to organize a pond on your site with your own hands and want to use a ready-made base for this, then first of all you need to study the materials from which the forms are made - there are also several nuances here.

The simplest and cheapest option may be a regular plastic container, but it has its drawbacks. First of all, you need to be very careful when transporting and installing - such a tank can crack even with slight bending. Also, plastic tends to degrade from sunlight, which means that the service life of such a product is not too long - 5-10 years.

If you want your pond to last longer, choose forms made of special reinforced plastic - they have a much longer service life (up to 20 years). Such tanks are more flexible and less susceptible to ultraviolet radiation.

The highest quality and, of course, most expensive are products made from fiberglass on a rubber base. This form is resistant to temperature changes, does not deteriorate from exposure to sunlight and does not release harmful substances into the water, which is very important for the inhabitants of the reservoir. Such a tank will last more than 30 years, in addition, it can be repaired, which extends the time of use for an almost unlimited period.

Construction of ponds from a fiberglass bath - simple process, and its result is quite aesthetic, since these forms come in different colors, and some are even coated with a coating that imitates stones, sand or small pebbles. This allows you to beautifully disguise the edges of the pond and give it the most natural look.

We build it ourselves

So, in order to build a pond on the site with your own hands, first of all you need to decide on the location and shape of the reservoir. Have you decided? Let's start construction work:

First, we mark the outline of the pit. This is very simple to do - place the shape in the desired place and outline its silhouette using a regular bayonet shovel, pressing the handle tightly against the edge of the bath.
Add about 20 cm to the resulting outline to fill the plastic pond with sand.
If you purchased a form with ledges, then each level needs to be marked and dug separately, from largest to smallest, and do not forget to add 10-15 cm on each floor for a sand base.
When the pit is ready, its edges should be thoroughly leveled and compacted, all glass, stones and tree roots should be removed. If this is not done, the mold may be damaged. Then you need to pour and carefully compact sand in a layer of at least 10 cm - this will protect your pond from subsidence.
Install plastic mold and make sure that it is level, you can use the rule for this. Then carefully fill the pond by about a third with water, being careful not to move it.
Carefully fill the gaps between the edge of the pit and the mold with sand. In this case, you need to make sure that there are no voids left. Why periodically water the soil with water, but try not to let the pressure be too strong.

During the week after installation, regularly water the soil around the pond and add sand as needed. After the soil subsidence stops, you can completely fill the reservoir, decorate the edges of the pond bowl with stones, flagstone and plant ornamental plants.

Country pond made of flexible materials

Now let's talk about how to make a pond on your site if it is not possible to purchase a ready-made container or you want to arrange a large pond of a bizarre shape.

The most budget option in this case, the use of ordinary polyethylene with a thickness of at least 500 microns will be used. However, despite the fact that it is quite inexpensive, this coating has quite a lot of disadvantages. The fact is that polyethylene is enough thin material, it is very easy to damage, and under the influence of sunlight it becomes brittle and quickly collapses. A pond on a polyethylene backing will last you a maximum of 2-3 years.

PVC film for a pond is also not a very expensive material, but much more durable; such a coating can withstand 8-10 years. Polyvinyl chloride coating can be regular or two-layer, in which a woven mesh is laid for strength. Of course, PVC has the same disadvantages as polyethylene - it is destroyed by ultraviolet radiation, it is easily cut and torn, but, unlike the latter, it can be repaired. Special kits are sold for this. Besides, PVC is better stretches, and after filling the pond with water, most folds stretch and straighten over time.

The most expensive, but at the same time the highest quality coating is made from butyl rubber: the service life of such material is about 50 years, and it does not mind the sun's rays. Plus, butyl rubber is resistant to low temperatures, so you won't have to drain your pond in the winter. This is a very flexible and plastic material that can withstand significant loads, so if you decide to arrange a spacious pond of an unusual shape, you simply cannot do without it.

Marking the pit

To build a pond on your site with your own hands, you will need:

pegs;
rope;
film coating;
geotextile or felt;
sand;
crushed stone or large pebbles;
shovel;
special kit for film coating repair;
bricks;
garden hose for watering;

Using twine and pegs, you need to mark the desired shape of the pit and begin earthworks. If you plan to create a fairly large pond, you can use an excavator. During the work, it is necessary to ensure that ledges and slopes alternate; this will make the banks of the pond more stable. It is also necessary to provide terraces (at least 30 cm wide) for planting. Descents from one level to another must be made fairly flat, with an inclination angle of up to 45˚.

It is worth remembering that the depth of the pond should not be less than 80 cm, otherwise in winter the water in it will freeze to the bottom and its inhabitants will die. Thus, you need to dig a pit approximately 15-20 centimeters larger than the expected size of the reservoir. This is necessary in order to be able to fill the terraces and the bottom of the pond with sand, in order to avoid subsidence and damage to the film. The sand cushion must be carefully leveled and compacted, after removing all pebbles, sharp sticks and plant roots from the bottom.

Drainage and waterproofing

When the sand drainage pad is ready, move on to next stage works In order for the pond film to remain intact for as long as possible, you need to lay geotextiles on a layer of sand, preferably in 2 layers. Next, we straighten the film itself and secure it to the banks using bricks or large stones. Don’t try to necessarily straighten and spread out all the folds - let the water do it for you.

We place the flexible one so that its end is in the center of the future reservoir, and we begin to supply water, making sure that the pressure is not too strong. As the pond fills with water, partially release the edges of the film and spread it along the slopes of the pit. After the reservoir is filled to the brim, leave it for 1-2 days. During this time, under the weight of water, the film will expand and fill all the voids.

After it has completely subsided, you need to cut off the excess parts, leaving at least 40-50 cm for arranging the banks. The edges are secured with pegs or special metal arches, and then masked with flagstone, large stones and pebbles. It's time to install the pump, decorate the hoses from the fountains and start planting plants.

Pond above ground at the dacha

When there are kids in the family, one of the main problems when building a pond is how to make the pond safe. It is best if such a reservoir is slightly raised above the soil surface. Firstly, this makes caring for it much easier, and secondly, the risk of small children or pets accidentally falling into it is significantly reduced.

In this case, you cannot do without reinforced concrete foundation. Dig a pit for the pond in its deepest part, form terraces for plants, just as in the previous case. Along the banks of the reservoir, using wooden formwork, fill concrete foundation the desired height, it can be reinforced for strength metal mesh. After the foundation has completely dried and settled (this will take at least two days), the formwork can be removed and the inner walls can be plastered until smooth. This will help prevent the film from tearing. We line the bottom of the pit with it and fill the bowl with water. In this case, we secure the edges of the material so that they are behind the concrete fence. After the pond is filled, let the water settle, cut off the excess film, secure it and decorate the edges of the bowl.

Inventory: what you will need

Of course, building ponds is not an easy task, but what can you do for your loved one, because if everything is organized correctly, the result will please the eye for many years.

However, it is not enough to build a home pond - you also need to take care of it. Here are some technical devices that will be very useful to you:

Rules for caring for a country pond

A pond in the garden is, of course, very beautiful, but if you do not want to become the happy owner of a personal swamp in which frogs croak in the evenings, then you need to properly care for it. First of all, you need to make sure that the water in it does not bloom. Of course, it is best to purchase a special cleansing system, but, unfortunately, this is not a cheap pleasure. However, there is another, more accessible remedy: take a canvas bag and stuff it. Place this “surprise” under water, and there will be practically no algae left at the bottom of the pond.

It is also necessary to carefully monitor the cleanliness of the reservoir - regularly remove debris from the surface and add water as it evaporates. If your pond is small, then it is recommended to completely drain it in winter, and for large tanks it is necessary to completely clean it at least 2-3 times a year, and the water must be completely pumped out.

From what's at hand

But what should those whose plot size does not allow them to place even a small pond? Don't be upset: small pond can also be arranged in the front garden by adapting trimmed metal barrel or just a big basin. Such a mini-pond can even be placed on the balcony of a city apartment by decorating the container with glued pebbles or mosaics. Of course, you won’t hear the gurgling of a fountain near such a “reservoir,” but you are guaranteed coolness and lush greenery of aquatic plants.