Germination of chibouks of grapes. Caring for planted cuttings

When growers need to expand their vineyard, many of them turn to budget option- cutting method. As a rule, rooting is carried out in winter, and germinated seedlings are planted in spring. Growing grape cuttings in winter at home has its own characteristics, disadvantages and advantages. As practice shows, rooting grapes is not so difficult, subject to basic technologies and rules.

Growing seedlings can be started as in winter time, and in summer, for which they produce autumn and spring cuttings, respectively.

blank planting material in the spring it is practiced quite rarely, which is associated with the expectation of a thaw for the possibility of opening the vine. Distinctive feature spring harvest is its beginning before the moment of active movement of the juice. Landing spring seedlings produced in autumn, which has a number of advantages: overwintered rooted plants become acclimatized and begin their development much earlier. planting grapes in summer time allows the seedling to take root, adapt and grow stronger.

Most gardeners harvest planting material in the fall, since during the summer it was possible to monitor the condition of the bushes. For harvesting cuttings in the fall, the strongest and healthiest bushes are selected. Grapes intended for further slicing must meet the following requirements:

The bush must be completely healthy. Grapes should not show signs of infection with fungus and bacteria.
The bush should bear fruit well and not have mechanical damage. Fruit branches are taken for cutting.
Plants must go through a period of adaptation. This means that cuttings cannot be cut from a one-year-old bush.

Cuttings can be cut during autumn pruning bushes, while the blades of the secateurs (knife) must be sterile, sharp and made of quality material. Cuttings are made in a period of time when the air temperature does not fall below zero. It is these climatic conditions that allow the plant to maintain maximum amount nutrients.

Cuttings of planting material are made from the middle part of the shoot, which must be stiff, have a length of 40 cm, and a thickness of 5 mm. Each branch should have about four buds, no leaves and antennae (you can remove them yourself). It is this combination of factors that ensures maximum viability and further survival of the cutting. Part of the cut vine should be even, the bark should be of uniform color, without damage.

After cutting, future seedlings are soaked in water for a day, disinfected with copper sulfate or potassium permanganate solution. After drying the cuttings, it is required to put them in a room with a constant temperature of 2 to 6 ° C (for example, in a refrigerator, on a loggia or in a cellar). Previously, they are bundled into bundles of 20-25 pieces, tightly wrapped in a film and marked by grade.

During storage of planting material, once a month, an audit should be carried out for drying out or mold. If drying is observed, then the bundle must be soaked for a day, dried again and packed. When mold appears, it is important to disinfect the plants (for example, with a solution of potassium permanganate) and pack them back. You should also monitor and prevent early opening of the kidneys.

Cuttings can also survive the winter if they are sprinkled with earth (a layer of about 40 cm). Since the soil freezes in winter, the grapes will be forced to "leave" in the dormant phase. The awakening phase will come as soon as the soil warms up enough.

Growing seedlings

When to plant grape cuttings in winter? Before planting a seedling, we root the cutting. At the end of February or the beginning of March, gardeners need to start rooting directly: first check for the viability and safety of the eyes (make cuts). The transverse section of the cutting, which survived the winter well, is of a light green hue; buds are visible on the longitudinal section. IN without fail the tint of the content is checked. If after carrying out the described action it turned out that the color of the cut is black or brown, then such cuttings are not rooted, their use is not advisable.

On viable plants, it is necessary to update the sections: the upper one is 2-3 cm above the eye, the lower one is under the lower node. Cuttings with updated sections are completely lowered into water (it is allowed to use water with rooting accelerators) for several days. During the first 24 hours, the moisture level of the cuttings is checked: if the incision is wet, then you can get the cuttings out of the water, if not, then continue soaking. In the case when, after three days of soaking, the incision did not become wet, these cuttings are unsuitable for use.

Methods for germinating cuttings

There are many ways to germinate seedlings, for example, using kilcheniye - a method of accelerated rooting of grape cuttings and at the same time restraining the growth of eyes. The essence of this method is to create different temperatures in the lower (from 20 to 25°C) and upper parts (from 0 to 5°C). At the same time, in the lower part they also create high humidity(more than 90%). Seedlings are also germinated in soil and water. The main condition is to root viable and prepared cuttings. The most widespread the following types sprouting:

Kilchevanie "upside down". There are various Constructive decisions devices of such a kilchevator both indoors and outdoors. The basic principle is as follows: the cuttings are turned upside down and heated, while making sure that the temperature is within the acceptable range. In addition to the influence of temperature, they organize the maintenance high humidity. Such cuttings quickly (after 2-3 weeks) take root. The upper sections are cooled, and the kidneys do not germinate. Seedlings obtained by kilchevaniya are strong and take root well.
Growing at school. The essence of the method is the direct planting of cuttings in open ground. The soil should warm up to a temperature of about 14 ° C. Cuttings (to stimulate the formation of roots along the entire length) are recommended to be planted under a slope. The place for the school should be chosen in such a way that it is well lit by the sun's rays. The soil is carefully fertilized and loosened.
Growing in a box. The method is similar to germination in school. The only difference is that the cuttings are planted not in open ground, but in containers filled with soil in advance. Within a month, buds will swell on the cuttings and appear root system.
Water rooting. Water is poured into the jars with a layer of up to 4 cm. Water must be used clean: boiled or filtered. Planting material is placed there. In the first hours, it must be washed, because transparent mucus will stand out from the cut. If this is not done, then the process of decay will go very quickly and the entire batch will be ruined. As soon as discharge ceases to appear at the cut site, water is added, its level increases to 8 cm (up to the second eye from the bottom). A few activated charcoal tablets are placed in a jar. After that, you need to put the container on the windowsill, monitor the plants and pour from time to time new water. In about a month, the seedlings will develop a root system. When the length of the roots is around 3 cm, it's time to plant the plant in the ground. Drainage is organized in the tank, purchased soil is poured (namely store soil, since fragile seedlings do not yet have protective shells) and plants are planted. When buying soil, you need to pay attention to the acidity of the soil (pH 6-7), the presence of biohumus and nutrients in the composition. After the period of final rooting of seedlings, it is time to land in the ground. A distinctive feature of this method is the need to prevent sunburn grapes. To do this, the young vine is loosely covered (for example, with a newspaper), protecting from sun rays. You can remove the coating when the leaves become stiff and strong enough.

Planting seedlings

Most gardeners begin to plant seedlings in open ground from the end of May to the end of June. The root system of grape cuttings by this moment should be sufficiently developed, and the outside temperature should not fall below 5°C. The specific date of planting the obtained seedlings to the place of their permanent growth depends to a greater extent on weather conditions specific locality.

If the cuttings were germinated at home, then before planting in open ground, they must be hardened, for which the seedlings should be placed outside and kept in the shade for the first week, and then for another 1.5 weeks under the sun. If the seedlings are not hardened, then after being placed in open ground, they will stop their growth for some time, and after about two months they will resume it.

Planting seedlings grown in winter has the following sequence:

preliminary preparation of the pit (0.8x0.8x0.8 m);
filling the pit with fertilizer and moistening;
soil settlement process (3 weeks);
direct planting of a seedling in a hole;
garter plants and its watering.

When planting, you must be very careful not to damage the roots. The roots of the plant, when placed in the hole, should (if possible) be spread in all directions and sprinkled with soil. If the plant is planted along with the soil in which it was germinated, then care must be taken that its roots are not damaged. Best time for planting grapes - a cloudy day or evening.

To accelerate the growth and development of the root system, some growers arrange a greenhouse. But in this case, you need to ensure that the plant does not overheat and does not dry out. Overheating will be indicated by sluggish leaves of the plant, when they appear, it is necessary to open the greenhouse for ventilation. If the earth dries up, then it needs to be watered abundantly (several buckets).

Ideal conditions for planting seedlings in a place of permanent growth will be:

soil type - chernozem or loam;
the site must be protected from the wind;
sunny side;
lack of drafts and cold air zones;
distance between plants - 2 m, and between rows - 3 m.

Regardless of when to plant grape cuttings, in winter or summer, it must be remembered that immature seedlings are very afraid of frost and direct sunlight. You can learn more about planting cuttings by watching the video.

Growing cuttings is a simple process in its essence, but it includes many points that need to be taken into account and performed in certain order. That is why winegrowers, both beginners and experienced ones, should not forget about the rules that accompany this process, and then berry bushes will delight with yields for many years.

reproduction vine- a complex process akin to nurturing a child who needs maternal love and competent care. caring hands winegrowers give life to one of the oldest companions of man in conditions that half a century ago seemed completely unsuitable for vineyards. Today even the gardeners of Siberia know how to grow grapes.

Grape cuttings include several main stages: harvesting, storage, prevention, preparation, germination and rooting.

Cultivated varieties of grapes are propagated most often vegetatively - by layering and cuttings. The seed method is applicable only when breeding new varieties.

But layering can also be obtained only if grapes are already growing on the site. They are formed from the branches of a living bush bent and pinned to the ground. How to grow grapes that you want to bring from afar?

The method by which grapes can be grown from cuttings uses the ability of a shoot cut from the mother vine to take root and grow.

At the same time, the qualities inherent in this grape variety are fully preserved in the new plant.

Propagation of grapes by winter cuttings

The scheme of reproduction of grapes.

Annual branches, which are cut in autumn, are ideal raw materials for harvesting winter cuttings. Grape cuttings include several main stages:

harvesting - includes cutting and processing grape shoots;
storage - designed to ensure the safety of the chibouks in a viable state until planting;
prevention - treatment to prevent plant diseases during germination and further growth;
preparation for germination;
germination and rooting.

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How to prepare and store cuttings?

Branches for harvesting shank must be fully matured. The color of their bark is light yellow, straw-colored. Vine, on the bark of which there is mechanical damage or dark spots, not suitable for cutting planting material from it.
From selected branches, remove side shoots, tops, leaves and tendrils. There remains a rod 7-12 mm thick.
Before laying the vines for storage, you can do different things:
In the southern regions of the country, a bunch of prepared shoots can be stored directly at the cutting site in a trench under a layer of sand 10-15 cm thick.
The branches are soaked in water for a day, after which they are treated with 5% Bordeaux liquid and dried a little. The bunches of vines turn around plastic wrap and kept in the cellar.
If you have to store the cuttings in the refrigerator, the branches are divided into segments 10-15 cm long so that each has from 2 to 4 buds. They are tied in bundles and placed in water for a day, then treated with Bordeaux liquid, as in the previous case. Store on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator in the vegetable compartment.

In winter, you need to inspect the planting material several times and turn the lying bunch to the other side.

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Prevention and preparation for germination

Scheme of germination of grapes.

In early February, the cuttings are taken out and prepared for planting. Preventive treatment is carried out by soaking them in a solution of dark pink potassium permanganate (1-1.5 g per bucket of water) for 12 hours. After that, the cuttings are washed and soaked in clean water for 1-3 days. Then they need to be inspected and checked for safety:

when pressing on the cut of the branch with a knife or pruner, a few drops of water should come out of the wood - these are well-preserved cuttings;
oozing moisture indicates that the shoot is rotten, and the lack of moisture indicates its drying out. For further use they are unsuitable.

On selected cuttings of good preservation, a fresh cut is made with a knife. High-quality chibouks have a light green color of wood with a light core without dark spots and specks. Brown and dark tones indicate an insufficiently mature vine, and such cuttings are discarded.

Scheme of preparing a pit for planting a bush of grapes.

Under the lower kidney, a straight cut is made under the knot. The lower kidney is removed by cutting it off sharp knife. The end of the knife makes several cuts in the bark along the shoot. The length of the cuts is about 2 cm. The depth is up to the wood.

When the cutting gets into a moist substrate, the connective tissue of the plant, callus, will develop at the sites of cuts and incisions. From it, roots begin to grow in the future. But first you need to process the upper part of the chubuk.

An oblique cut is made above the upper bud: two centimeters must be retreated from the bud and the excess cut off so that the cut plane is on the other side of the stem from the bud.

You can cover the upper cut of the cutting with paraffin - for less moisture loss during rooting. In this case, it is permissible to make a straight cut at a distance of 2 cm from the kidney. The part of the cutting that protrudes above the upper eye is dipped in molten paraffin. It is important not to flood the kidney itself.

On the next step planting material is treated with a growth stimulator solution: epin, heteroauxin are prepared according to the instructions for the preparation. Among folk remedies- aloe juice, diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 2, respectively, or a solution of honey (1 tablespoon per bucket of water). The lower part of the cutting with the applied furrows is placed in the stimulator solution for 24 hours.

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Methods for germinating cuttings

Scheme of growing grape seedlings.

Chubuki can be germinated in a homemade kilchevator - a vessel with a substrate. Coniferous sawdust (pine, spruce, etc.), scalded with boiling water, is used for the substrate. An accessible vessel is a plastic bottle with a volume of 2-2.5 liters. Its upper part is cut off, and several holes are burned in the bottom with a soldering iron for drainage and watering the cuttings during germination.

3-5 cm of sawdust are poured at the bottom, they are watered for prevention with a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate. The cuttings are installed vertically, without immersing them in the substrate. Then more sawdust is poured into the kilchevator to the level of the upper eyes. In a bottle of the specified volume, 5-7 cuttings can be placed.

Another way to grow grapes does not require fiddling with bottles and substrate. For germination, each chubuk is tightly wrapped with a very damp cloth (do not wring it out), then a bundle of wrapped cuttings is wrapped with several more layers of the same cloth. On top of the fabric, the bundle is wrapped in polyethylene or placed in a bag, tying its upper, open part more tightly to reduce moisture evaporation. Outside, part of the shoot with 2-3 eyes should remain.

At the bottom of a cut bottle or other vessel, pour 2 cm of leafy soil. Place a bottle or a glass without a bottom on this layer, fill the gap between the walls of the vessels with earth, compact it and pour water over it. Place washed and scalded medium-sized river sand inside the glass, moisten it and remove the inner vessel.

In the center of the sand layer, make a hole about 5 cm deep and place the cutting there. Pour sand around the cutting to seal. Then pour a small layer of dry sand over the entire surface of the vessel from above. Cover the stem with a glass or the top of a bottle.

The cuttings prepared in one of the ways are placed on a heating battery. It creates high temperature for the lower part of the planting material in the substrate (about 25°C) and lower for the buds above its surface - 19-20°C. Be sure to control the humidity of the substrate, sand or fabric, watering them with settled water with a temperature not lower than the temperature of the substrate. Comfortable to hold plastic bottle with water for irrigation on the same battery.

After 20 days, you need to check if the roots have appeared. By this time, the eyes usually wake up in the upper part and green leaves appear. The cuttings must be very carefully removed from the substrate, the rooted ones should be selected, and the stunted ones should be placed back in the vessels, replacing the substrate with a new one. If for a long time the roots do not appear, and the leaves look healthy and alive, do not give up. Some grape varieties (Amur hybrids) take root quite hard, you just need to take care of the cuttings with all possible love and attention. A persistent vinedresser will be rewarded for his labors.

The selected cuttings that have taken root are planted in pots with soil from a mixture of good fertile soil and river sand. At the bottom of the pots, 4-5 cm of drainage from pebbles, coarse river sand must be placed.
When the threat of return frosts has passed, young plants are transplanted into more large containers- it can be an old bucket or a similar vessel. In them, seedlings are grown before planting in the ground in a quiet place, protected from the north wind. The earth in the bucket warms up faster, which will ensure good growth of the grape root system. Transfer to permanent place produced in late June-early July. By this time, the plant should have a well-developed shoot and root system.

You have acquired a personal plot and, finally, you have the opportunity to grow grapes on your own. Since ancient times, valued beneficial features grapes. In ancient times, grapes were also called the "berry of life."

How you can grow grapes at home, we will consider in this article. Exist different ways propagation of grapes, but the most commonly used propagation of grapes by chibouks or as they can also be called cuttings.

Chubuk is a branch of a grape vine, on which there are at least 3-4 dormant buds.

Growing grapes from chibouks at home implies the consistent implementation of all stages from the collection of chibouks to planting germinated grape seedlings and caring for them on personal plot. Let's consider them in more detail, accompanied by a photo.

Rules for the procurement of material for planting

Procurement of cuttings

The first step is to figure out how to prepare the material for planting. You can harvest chibouks at the very beginning of autumn. To do this, cut off the shoot of the vine in the upper part. It must be fruitful and healthy. It should be remembered that the chubuk is cut at an angle of 45 degrees and it is necessary to use a sharp and clean knife, as there is a risk of infection of a healthy plant.

If you want the shank of grapes to please you later good harvest, their selection should be guided by the following rules:

when choosing, you should pay attention to the shade of the chubuk, which is selected for germination. It is chosen green without darkening, rotten areas or other kinds of damage;
it should be about 8 mm wide, and the length can vary from 12 to 60 centimeters. If the shoot is too small, it simply will not be able to germinate. Conversely, a very long cutting may be poorly preserved;
do not forget that the stalk must have at least two, or even three healthy buds. Wherein Special attention is given to the cut, which should be even and dry.

A healthy and properly prepared cutting will keep well. a long period and ensure a good harvest.

How to properly prepare chibuki

at the first stage, the previously noted shoot is cut off and freed from leaves, tendrils and tops;
further, the cuttings should be divided into 3-4 eyes on each and, as noted above, the cut in the upper part of the cutting should be made at an oblique angle from the kidney to a distance of about two centimeters from it, and in the lower part - three centimeters from the lower eye at an angle of forty-five degrees;
it is best to make incisions deep into the bottom of the handle;
the next step is to soak the cuttings with water for twelve minutes. Then prepare a 4% solution blue vitriol and the cuttings are kept in it for an hour and a half, which will allow them to be disinfected;
and finally they are dried at room temperature.

Storage of cuttings

Proper harvesting of grapes in autumn has great importance, but it is important not so much to prepare as to save correctly. plays a big role in not spoiling the material for subsequent planting. Pre-prepared chibouks must be washed with cold water. Then they are wrapped in a dense PET film and placed in refrigerator. For storage, you need to provide temperature regime- from 0 to +5°С. Many advise to sprinkle the cuttings with sand (preferably wet), but this must be controlled so that mold does not appear. Also, cuttings can be placed in a plastic bottle.

It is best to control the condition of the cuttings once a month:

if you notice that they are dry, then for additional moisture, place them in water for 10 minutes. After that, the chibouks are dried and packed;
if they show traces of mold, then the best option will wipe the damaged areas with a light solution of potassium permanganate (the color should be pale pink). After that, they must be aired and re-packed in a film.

You should also carefully monitor that the stalk is not damaged, as it may burst. If the chubuk is cracked, it can no longer be used for planting.

January is a turning point when the dormant period of the cuttings ends.

Rules for sprouting chubuk

Above, we looked at how to prepare chibouks, but here you need to figure out how to germinate them. Spring period this is perfect for this. Planting grapes in the spring does not require such serious skills, what to do for this we will consider below.

Before sprouting, the chibouks must be removed from the places where they were stored, and then they are prepared for sprouting.

Initially, they are washed with cold water and disinfected with a solution of potassium permanganate. All this will take about 6 hours.

Next, you need to make cuts over the old ones by about two millimeters, and put the grape stems in water for one or two days. To do this, it is best to use melted water or at least settled water if there is no snow on the street. To stimulate root growth, agents such as charkor or root are added to the water. Only 1/3 of the pipe should be placed in the water at a time. The top of the chubuk, located on top of the water, is smeared with garden pitch.

To stimulate the growth of the root system, small incisions are made at the bottom of the shank.

The best results are obtained when using cultivated cuttings. The cultivator can be made from improvised means. This will require a plastic bottle and sawdust, which are pre-impregnated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. The cultivator can be replaced with a plastic bottle and a paper cup.

Rooting of chibouks can be done in three ways, namely in aquatic environment, in the ground and in peat tablets.

Sprouting cuttings in water

To do this, cotton wool is laid out on cans of 0.5 or 1 liter. It is necessary to lay it out in a layer of 2 cm, and the same amount of boiled and pre-chilled water is added here. Rooting in water will be better if you add two crystals of potassium permanganate. Instead of potassium permanganate, you can use to put a little charcoal to prevent water cloudiness. In the solution made, cuttings are placed with their lower ends in water, and another three centimeters of water are added. After that, the bank is placed on the windowsill. Every three days it is necessary to control the water level.

It should also be remembered that the lower part should be in a warm place, and the top should be cool: the jar can be placed above the battery and the window slightly opened. After days will pass fifteen, rooting takes place. But if shoots appear before the roots appear, they are carefully removed.

Sprouting cuttings in soil

Rooting cuttings in the ground is also sufficient effective way. Sprouting chubuk begins with soil preparation. To do this, sand and humus are added to the garden soil in the proportion: 3: 1: 1. Cups are filled with the resulting composition and prepared grape chibouks must also be planted there.

Then the glass with the chubuk must be placed in a darkened warm place. The room must be protected from drafts. Watering the cuttings must be done warm water settled at room temperature. The soil should be periodically loosened.

If you follow all the recommendations, then after three weeks the cuttings will have healthy roots. After two weeks, many experienced experts advise gradually hardening the shoots, periodically placing the planted cutting on the street.

Germination of cuttings in peat tablets

Rooting with peat tablets occurs in the following sequence. After the chibouks have been soaked in water for two days, cuts are made and placed at one end in swollen peat tablets, after which the ends are wrapped in a cloth soaked in water. After that, everything is placed in a plastic bag and tied tightly, which will prevent the fabric from drying out. Germination will take about 3-4 weeks.

We figured out how to germinate cuttings, now let's move on to the question of how to plant chibouks of grapes in the spring.

Rules for the care of seedlings

Planting cuttings

If you notice that the roots of the cutting have grown and their length is about two centimeters, now they can be planted in a specially prepared one, which is poured into indoor pots. It should be remembered that at the bottom of the pot, you must first place a drainage layer, the width of which is about three centimeters.

Chubuks planted in pots must be placed for fairly long periods of time on Fresh air and then and leave on the street. But you should not rush to move them to a permanent stay on the street, since grape seedlings are very sensitive to temperature changes, which a novice grower must remember.

top dressing

The grown seedling needs constant feeding. It needs to be constantly fertilized. And also do not forget to loosen the soil from time to time. Great value for good growth vines have mineral fertilizers. They can be applied directly to the soil, and top dressing can be carried out along with watering the seedlings, that is, mineral fertilizers are added to the water itself. It is imperative to control the level of moisture in the soil and prevent stagnation of water in the pot, as this can lead to the death of seedlings.

Planting seedlings in the soil

You can start planting a grown grape seedling in the soil somewhere in the middle of summer, as even a slight frost will burn to destroy the roots. It is required to start planting carefully so as not to damage the rhizome of the seedling.

The choice of planting site for grape seedlings is based on its varietal characteristics. It should also be ensured that the bush develops normally, the distance between the seedlings is at least two and a half meters. Optimal distance between rows is about two meters. In order to get branches, it is necessary to place about 2 chibouks of the same variety in one hole.

For proper fit at the bottom of the hole, it is necessary to form a small hill, put a chubuk on it, level the roots, and all this is covered with earth. After that, it is necessary to compact the soil around the seedlings. You should also take care to protect it from direct sunlight with a paper cap.

But it is not enough to plant, it is also necessary to show maximum care and attention to the seedling. It should be remembered that rooted and green cuttings also require that the soil be loose, as well as constant watering tepid inputs and top dressing with fertilizers. To strengthen the rhizome, it is recommended to use a solution prepared from honey. To prepare it, you will need to add one tablespoon of honey to one liter of water.

In this article, we looked at how to grow grapes from chubuk at home. Below is a video for more clarity.

Chubuk care video

Today is the Meeting of the Lord, February 15th. Winter meets spring, and it's time to start rooting harvested cuttings.

IN last years breeders have bred a great many varieties of this amazing culture. Now not only residents can enjoy fresh berries from the vine in the garden southern regions. There are many dessert varieties that thrive in colder climates as well.

cuttings cut in autumn can't keep on outdoors longer than a day especially in warm weather. They begin to wake up and evaporate moisture.

Why is it better to harvest cuttings in the fall rather than cut out with overwintered outdoor vines right in the spring? And all because during the winter the shoots dry out a lot, moisture freezes out of them.

They can also be rooted, but they must first be soaked in water for at least 3 days so that they can restore tissue turgor. The second reason why it is better to rely on autumn cuttings is the likelihood of buds freezing in winter.

If very coldy not uncommon in your area, it is better to immediately choose and plant grape varieties for the northern regions.

You can choose them in our catalog, which contains offers from the largest online stores. .

Start of growth

Sometimes it happens that not one, but two or even three shoots develop from a kidney at once. How to be? How many sprouts should be optimally on a cutting?

A young cutting root system will not be able to feed two normal vines, let alone more. You need to leave the one that is stronger or grows strictly up.
If the shoots have developed from the two upper buds, it is better to leave the top one, so that it would be more convenient to plant the seedling in a permanent place later.

Root rot

You also need to monitor the temperature: if the seedlings are cold, then the moisture evaporates less and causes decay. In this case, it is better to water them after the soil has dried. If the trouble nevertheless happened, then you need to dig up a seedling, inspect the roots, cut off the rotten to the living. Then powder with crushed coal, land in a new, not too wet ground and put in heat.

It happens that the roots rot completely, and the variety was so wanted to be grown! What to do? The main thing is not to lose hope! Necessary refresh the cut to living tissue and re-root in water.

The problems with the roots are signaled by the wilting of the top, sometimes the drying of the edges of the leaves ... This can be not only rotting of the roots, but also too dense soil or overflow when the roots suffocate. If the earth is wet and it is not possible to irrigate with Kornevin or Radipharm, then you can try to help the plant by spraying it with Megafol.

Experienced gardeners are armed with several ways to propagate grapes. The seed method is used extremely rarely due to its complexity, and most often new vines are obtained using the vegetative method. Decent results are achieved when using pre-prepared grape cuttings - chubukov.

Rules for the collection and storage of chibouks of grapes

For chibouks, a healthy vine is chosen from branches cut in autumn.

Chubuki are shoots of a fruit-bearing vine, the age of which has reached one year. To grow from them new bush grapes, you should worry in advance, and make the preparation of suitable chibouks with the onset of autumn.

At the end of winter, they are planted in a container and grown at home.

In the spring, sprouted chibouks are transplanted to a prepared place in the garden, and in autumn you can admire new vines on the site.

This is how the process of propagating grapes with chibouks briefly looks like, let's consider it in more detail.

Chubuki can be purchased at specialized nurseries or prepared independently.

Chibouks of various lengths.

When harvesting cuttings, the following rules should be followed:

the mother vine must be healthy, fruitful;
to collect chibouks, you should choose shoots located on the replacement knot or in the center of the fruit arrow;
suitable shoot diameter - approx. 8–10 mm .

Harvesting at home

Having chosen the material for harvesting the cuttings, it is necessary to cut off the shoot from the vine, separating all the vegetative parts from it: mustaches, leaves, top.
The vine is cut into cuttings with 3-4 internodes.
Next, cuttings are cut so that each has 3-4 eyes. This must be done according to all the rules. The upper cut is made obliquely, retreating a couple of centimeters from the kidney. Below you need to step back from the lower eye 3-4 cm, and make a cut at half an angle 45 degrees. But also on the lower part of the bark, several cuts are made.
To stimulate the formation of roots, longitudinal cuts are made on the lower part of the cutting.
Next, the prepared cuttings are soaked in water for 10-12 hours and then hold for an hour 3% solution of copper sulfate . This measure is needed to disinfect the cuttings.
Disinfection of cuttings in a solution of copper sulfate.
Dried chibouks are carefully packed and stored in any cool place: a basement or a refrigerator on the bottom shelf.
A small number of cuttings can be stored on a refrigerator shelf.
It should be remembered that even such carefully selected and prepared grape cuttings can die, and therefore they should be harvested with some margin.

Harvesting and storage of chibouks is a very important component, without which it will be impossible to grow grapes. Having done everything correctly, there is no doubt in the success of the further process.

Preparing containers for sprouting

Suitable for sprouting chubuk plastic cups 500 ml.

Before you start planting cuttings, you need to start preparing containers. Typically, for this purpose, plastic bottles with a cut off top, or ordinary plastic cups .

An excellent substrate option would be a mixture of earth with humus, sand and sawdust, taken in equal parts.

For successful germination chubukov it is necessary to ensure that there is no stagnation of moisture in the soil. To avoid this, watering should be carried out through the pan. To do this, in the bottom of the tank it is necessary to make a couple of holes for the outflow of excess liquid.

Preparing cuttings for planting

A little moisture should stand out from the transverse section of the cutting.

Before planting chibouks in prepared containers, it is necessary to check their integrity.

For these purposes, a pruner is suitable - they need to put pressure on the cuttings and analyze their reaction to pressure:

If, when pressed, a small amount of moisture is released from the cross section, then the chubuk is absolutely ready for planting.

If too much liquid flows out, the stalk is rotten.

The complete absence of moisture indicates the unsuitability of the cutting, which had time to dry.

You can check the readiness of the chibouks in another way. It is enough to cut it and inspect the place of the cut: a suitable cutting will have a pale green tint, and a defective one will have black dots.

In a good cutting, a fresh cut has a light green tint.

Having selected suitable pipes, they should be lowered into water and soaked for several days. Then they are placed in a container with a root formation stimulator for another day.

Growing chibouks in water

In order for the cuttings to take root as quickly as possible, they should be placed in jars of water. . At favorable conditions roots appear after 3-4 weeks.

For successful root germination, grape cuttings should be provided with good lighting. . It is best to place jars with chibouks on a well-lit windowsill. If cloudy weather reigns outside the window, fluorescent lamps will help to cope with the task.

To accelerate root formation experienced gardeners use the kilching method - heating the lower part of the cuttings, due to which the roots develop much faster than the kidneys. For these purposes, it is recommended to use the heat from the heating battery. A couple of bars are placed on the windowsill, and a sheet of plywood is placed on top so that its edge extends beyond the windowsill.

Containers with chibouks are placed on plywood . So they will heat up much faster and more efficiently. warm air coming from the battery. However, it is necessary to ensure that the air temperature does not rise above 30-35C.

A simple device for kilchevaniya cuttings of grapes.

Transplant to the ground

After the chibouks have successfully sprouted roots, they should be transplanted into containers with a suitable substrate, deepening by 5–6 cm.
The cuttings have rooted and are ready to be planted in the ground.

Water the seedlings every other day using soft settled water. room temperature, or slightly warmer.

For successful rooting of cuttings, the earth should be periodically loosened and occasionally fed with complex liquid fertilizers.
A sign of successful rooting of chibouks will be the growth of green shoots.

At this stage, it is also possible the death of a certain number of chibouks.

Landing on site

With the arrival of spring and the establishment of stable warm weather, grape cuttings should be planted in a permanent place in the garden. The most suitable place for them will be a well-lit area, reliably protected from strong winds and drafts.

Scheme of planting a chubuk in open ground.

For a quick and successful survival in a new place, the following measures should be taken:

To improve the fertile qualities of the land, it is enriched with a mixture of 2 buckets of river sand, 1 bucket of humus and 80 g of nitroammofoska, per square meter.

The earth is re-dug up, and then pits are prepared for the grown chibouks with a depth of 0.5 m For further full growth and development of grape bushes, there must be at least 2–2.5 m .
Planting holes are dug at intervals of two meters.

At the bottom of the hole, a small mound is formed, on which the cutting is placed, its roots are carefully straightened and buried. The soil is well compacted from above. To protect from bright sunlight, transplanted chibouks are recommended to be covered with cardboard caps.
The soil around the cutting is gently crushed with hands and spilled with water.

The most suitable time for planting chibouks in a permanent place is May or Junewhen the air temperature warms up to 15 ° C and the likelihood of late frosts will be excluded.

It is best if you carry out a small hardening for the cuttings before planting: put them out during the day for a week on the street, and take them into the house at night. Immediately after planting, young plants should be watered regularly, making sure that the ground around them does not dry out.

conclusions

Vine bushes grown with chibouks will exact copies mother plant, and possess all characteristic properties and qualities.

Therefore, a responsible approach to sample selection for future vines is of great importance.

Video on how to cut grape cuttings